1109:"3. Computer programs and video games distributed in formats that have become obsolete and which require the original media or hardware as a condition of access. ...The register has concluded that to the extent that libraries and archives wish to make preservation copies of published software and videogames that were distributed in formats that are (either because the physical medium on which they were distributed is no longer in use or because the use of an obsolete operating system is required), such activity is a noninfringing use covered by section 108(c) of the Copyright Act."
95:
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software licenses. Additionally, abandonware proponents argue that distributing software for which there is no one to defend the copyright is morally acceptable, even where unsupported by current law. Companies that have gone out of business without transferring their copyrights are an example of this; many hardware and software companies that developed older systems are long since out of business and precise documentation of the copyrights may not be readily available.
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25:
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reverse engineering code written more than 20 years ago "Source and game code is an extremely rare commodity for us," explains Paczyński. "Older titles have often gone through so many different hands that no one knows who has the original code anymore, or it no longer exists in any usable form." With source files lost forever, the team's only recourse is to retrofit retail code taken from a boxed copy of the game.
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entirely possible that by the time the copyright expires for a piece of software, it will no longer exist in any form. However, since the largest risk in dealing with abandonware is that of distribution, this may be mitigated somewhat by private users (or organizations such as the
Internet Archive) making private copies of such software, which would then be legally redistributable at the time of copyright expiry.
3637:"Supreme Commander fans released Forged Alliance Forever and gave the game the online client it could otherwise only dream of. I haven't played it much, but I still got a tear in my eye when I read about the extents these coders had gone to. There's nothing quite so wonderful to witness as love, and this is surely love of the very purest order. SupCom guys resurrect a series whose publisher had just gone under."
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only model for success. Even though many of the games on this list were made by small, dedicated studios, they still relied on companies like EA to get to market. But as studios were swallowed or shut down, the rights of their beloved games often got lost in the shuffle. It's unfortunate that so many of them are still lost today simply due to the apathy of the rights-holder.
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years after the author's death. However, for anonymous works, works published under a pseudonym or works made for hire, the duration is 120 years after creation, or 95 years after publication, whichever comes first. In France, copyright durations are 70 years after the relevant date (date of author's death or publication) for either class.
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since been followed by several other corporations. Since the code was first published on the
Internet, thousands of individuals and organizations have downloaded it and made hundreds of contributions to the software. Mozilla.org is now celebrating this one-year anniversary with a party Thursday night in San Francisco.
1051:, as it has never had its original copyright officially revoked and some company or individual may still own rights. While sharing of such software is usually considered copyright infringement, in practice copyright holders rarely enforce their abandonware copyrights for a number of reasons – chiefly among which the
4255:
The saga of No One Lives
Forever's resurrection has been a rollercoaster of ups and downs. The problem was, it was just the trademark— no one was quite sure who held the game's copyright. Digging into dead or forgotten IPs is tough work. These games came from an era when big-name publishing was the
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Abandonware advocates also frequently cite historical preservation as a reason for trading abandoned software. Older computer media are fragile and prone to rapid deterioration, necessitating transfer of these materials to more modern, stable media and generation of many copies to ensure the software
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to permit them to bypass copy protection, which was approved in 2003 for a period of three years. The exemption was renewed in 2006, and as of 27 October 2009, has been indefinitely extended pending further rulemakings. The
Archive does not offer this software for download, as the exemption
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that no further patches to the title would be forthcoming. The community was predictably upset. Instead of giving up on the game, users decided that if
Activision wasn't going to fix the bugs, they would. They wanted to save the game by getting Activision to open the source so it could be kept alive
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1) What exactly do you have to do to use
Sinclair ROMs in an emulator, such as acknowledgements etc?" Amstrad are happy for emulator writers to include images of our copyrighted code as long as the (c)opyright messages are not altered and we appreciate it if the program/manual includes a note to the
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Gabe: The worst days were the cartridge days for the NES. It was a huge risk – you had all this money tied up in silicon in a warehouse somewhere, and so you'd be conservative in the decisions you felt you could make, very conservative in the IPs you signed, your art direction would not change, and
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Thanks to an extremely kind donation from an anonymous former EA/Origin developer, the source code to the PC version of Wing
Commander I is now preserved in our offline archive! Because of our agreement with Electronic Arts, we're not allowed to post recovered source code for download--but rest easy
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The end goal is to acquire the game's original source code, which can be quite difficult to pry away from secretive gamemakers. If that's not possible at first, Antonelli at least wants to wedge her foot in the door. "We're going to stay with them forever," she said. "They're not going to get rid of
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Computer programs and video games distributed in formats that have become obsolete and that require the original media or hardware as a condition of access, when circumvention is accomplished for the purpose of preservation or archival reproduction of published digital works by a library or archive.
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in most countries, it is likely that by the time a piece of software defaults to public domain, it will have long become obsolete, irrelevant, or incompatible with any existing hardware. Additionally, due to the relatively short commercial, as well as physical, lifespans of most digital media, it is
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as a direct result of the infinite term of trademark protection. Currently, a copyright can be released into the public domain if the owner clearly does so in writing; however this formal process is not considered abandoning, but rather releasing. Those who do not own a copyright cannot merely claim
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The release of the source code came in response to the enthusiasm of
Allegiance's small-but-dedicated fanbase. Microsoft's Joel Dehlin commented that the development team has "been amazed at the level to which some of the Allegiance fans have remained hard-core. We're astounded at the progress that
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Preservation of old games involves more than just an extra patch. The journey from dusty unplayable relic to polished, cross-platform installer is a minefield of technical and legal obstacles. The team at Good Old Games remain the industry leaders in the restoration of classic PC games, tasked with
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Einige
Informationen zu diesem kuriosen Update-Pack: Da Microsoft nie ein Servicepack fĂĽr Windows 98 SE (Zweite Ausgabe) herausgebracht hat, hat ein Programmierer aus der TĂĽrkei kurzerhand sein eigenes Servicepack fĂĽr Windows 98 SE-Anwender erstellt. Es beinhaltet alle Windows 98 SE Updates von der
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As we celebrate Wing
Commander III's first widespread retail availability since the late 1990s, we would like to mention for anyone that we have the game's source code in our offline archive. We know it's frustrating for fans, who could do amazing things with this, to read these updates... but it's
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Is it piracy? Yeah, sure. But so what? Most of the game makers aren't living off the revenue from those old games anymore. Most of the creative teams behind all those games have long since left the companies that published them, so there's no way the people who deserve to are still making royalties
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personally, I think that sites that support these old games are a good thing for both consumers and copyright owners. If the options are (a) having a game be lost forever and (b) having it available on one of these sites, I'd want it to be available. That being said, I believe a game is 'abandoned'
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Proponents of abandonware preservation argue that it is more ethical to make copies of such software than new software that still sells. Those ignorant of copyright law have incorrectly taken this to mean that abandonware is legal to distribute, although no software written since 1964 is old enough
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Even if the copyright is not defended, copying of such software is still unlawful in most jurisdictions when a copyright is still in effect. Abandonware changes hands on the assumption that the resources required to enforce copyrights outweigh benefits a copyright holder might realize from selling
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fans of the Myth trilogy have taken this idea a step further: they have official access to the source code for the Myth games. Organized under the name MythDevelopers, this all-volunteer group of programmers, artists, and other talented people devote their time to improving and supporting further
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Several websites archive abandonware for download, including old versions of applications that are difficult to find by any other means. Much of this software fits the definition of "software that is no longer current, but is still of interest", but the line separating the use and distribution of
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The organization that manages open source developers working on the next generation of Netscape's browser and communication software. This event marked a historical milestone for the Internet as Netscape became the first major commercial software company to open its source code, a trend that has
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enforce copyright ownership for at least 50 years after publication or the author's death. However, individual countries may choose to enforce copyrights for longer periods. In the United States, copyright durations are determined based on authorship. For most published works, the duration is 70
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Finding historical versions, however, can be difficult since most shareware archives remove past versions with the release of new versions. Authors may or may not make older releases available. Some websites collect and offer for download old versions of shareware, freeware, and (in some cases)
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Sun's joint effort with CollabNet kicked into high gear on the OpenOffice Web site at 5 a.m. PST this morning with the release of much of the source code for the upcoming 6.0 version of StarOffice. According to Sun, this release of 9 million lines of code under GPL is the beginning of the
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The term "abandonware" is broad and encompasses many types of old software. Definitions of "abandoned" vary, but in general it is like any item that is abandoned – it is ignored by the owner, and as such, product support and possibly copyright enforcement are also "abandoned".
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As with Wing Commander I and Wing Commander III, we are pleased to announced that an extremely kind former EA/Origin employee has provided a copy of the Wing Commander IV source code for our preservation efforts! We can't offer it for download at this time, but it is now preserved for future
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The problem of missing technical support for a software can be most effectively solved when the source code becomes available. Therefore, several companies decided to release the source code specifically to allow the user communities to provide further technical software support (bug fixes,
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will not simply disappear. Users of still-functional older computer systems argue for the need of abandonware because re-release of software by copyright holders will most likely target modern systems or incompatible media instead, preventing legal purchase of compatible software.
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As we continue to mark the occasion of Ultima 9's fifteenth anniversary, I'm pleased to announced that the seemingly dormant Ultima Source Code Offline Archival Project (USCOAP) has finally borne some fruit: the Ultima Codex has added the source code for Ultima 9 to its offline
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activities etc.) in relationship to this software have ceased. If the rights to a software are non-recoverable in legal limbo ("orphaned work"), the software's rights cannot be bought by another company, and there is no company to enforce the copyright. An example of this is
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so on. Now it's the opposite extreme: we can put something up on Steam, deliver it to people all around the world, make changes. We can take more interesting risks. On Steam there's no shelf-space restriction. It's great because they're a bunch of old, orphaned games.
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The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) can be a problem for the preservation of old software as it prohibits required techniques. In October 2003, the US Congress passed 4 clauses to the DMCA which allow for reverse engineering software in case of preservation.
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In November 2006 the Library of Congress approved an exemption to the DMCA that permits the cracking of copy protection on software no longer being sold or supported by its copyright holder so that they can be archived and preserved without fear of retribution.
747:(ICHEG) has taken a five-pronged approach to video game preservation: original software and hardware, marketing materials and publications, production records, play capture, and finally the source code. In December 2013 the ICHEG received a donation of several
2104:"The following is a list of the major sites which include thousands of downloadable Amiga games with permission of the copyright holders: Amiga Future, Amigaland, Ami Sector One, Back to the Roots, Borrowed Time, Dream17, Gremlin Graphics World, Games Coffer"
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knowing that the C files that started it all are being kept safe for future reference. Our offline archive contains material that has been preserved but which can't be posted, including other source code and budget data from several of the games.
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The availability of the software depends on the company's attitude toward the software. In many cases, the company which owns the software rights may not be that which originated it, or may not recognize their ownership. Some companies, such as
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beyond the point where Activision lost interest. With some help from members of the development team that were active on fan forums, they were eventually able to convince Activision to release Call to Power II's source code in October of 2003.
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With the permission of the Palo Alto Research Center, the Computer History Museum is pleased to make available, for non-commercial use only, snapshots of Alto source code, executables, documentation, font files, and other files from 1975 to
604:. While trading old games has taken many names and forms, the term "abandonware" was coined by Peter Ringering in late 1996. Ringering found classic game websites similar to his own, contacted their webmasters, and formed the original
1164:) was constituted and is transferred into the members' laws. While the terminology has ambiguities regarding software and especially video games, some scholars argue that abandonware software video games fall under the definition of
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for copyright to have expired in the US. Even in cases where the original company no longer exists, the rights usually belong to someone else, though no one may be able to trace actual ownership, including the owners themselves.
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Looking Glass Studios closed in 2000, a year after System Shock 2's release, and the copyright to the series went into the hands of an insurance company. That left EA with only the System Shock name, but no actual development
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1.0.1 source code to the collection in February 2013. The source code is made available to the public under an own non-commercial license. On March 25, 2014, Microsoft followed with the donation of MS-DOS variants as well as
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arising in mid-2000, the commercial distribution for many old titles became feasible again as deployment and storage costs dropped significantly. A digital distributor specialized in bringing old games out of abandonware is
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4478:"MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., April 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Netscape Communications and open source developers are celebrating the first anniversary, March 31, 1999, of the release of Netscape's browser source code to mozilla.org"
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Bloodlines was essentially abandoned by its publisher after its developer closed a few months after release, but the fans have just kept on going, fixing things, improving things, digging up locked away extra content
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has been made at creating new factions, hosting new servers, replacing authentication, etc. It seems that Allegiance hasn't really died. With that in mind, we're releasing the Allegiance source code to the community."
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A format shall be considered obsolete if the machine or system necessary to render perceptible a work stored in that format is no longer manufactured or is no longer reasonably available in the commercial marketplace.
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BOLD MOVE TO HARNESS CREATIVE POWER OF THOUSANDS OF INTERNET DEVELOPERS; COMPANY MAKES NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR AND COMMUNICATOR 4.0 IMMEDIATELY FREE FOR ALL USERS, SEEDING MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE AND NETCENTER BUSINESSES
1332:. When TLC was contacted about releasing classic MECC titles as freeware, the documentation proving that TLC held the rights to these titles could not be located, and therefore the rights for these titles are "in
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553:, the shutdown of the servers will lead to a public loss of the software. If the software product is without alternatives, the missing replacement availability becomes a challenge for continued software usage.
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commercial applications. In some cases these sites had to remove past versions of software, particularly if the company producing that software still maintains it, or if later software releases introduce
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480:, access to the full license could become unavailable after all commercial (rented) links expire, rendering the program impossible to access after the trial ends. This is the case of programs such as
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is solely "for the purpose of preservation or archival reproduction of published digital works by a library or archive." Nevertheless, in 2013 the Internet Archive began to provide antique games as
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was that it spurred others to create new abandonware sites and organizations that came to outnumber the original Ring members. Sites formed after the demise of the original Abandonware Ring include
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The source code or executable might still be available, but the author is unknown or only identified by a dead email or equivalent, and there is no realistic prospect of finding the owner of the IP.
1152:, and some sites have shut down or removed infringing software as a result. However, most of the Association's efforts are devoted to new games, due to those titles possessing the greatest value.
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Fan patches are those packages released by an Ultima fan to either repair bugs in a game that were never fixed by Origin, solve platform compatibility issues, or enhance the gaming experience.
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The official multiplayer servers for Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance have been decommissioned for a while now, but fortunately the community-driven Forged Alliance Forever has emerged.
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was little more than a collection of sites linking to adventureclassicgaming.com. Another was a site indexing them all to provide a rudimentary search facility. In October 1997, the
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With the release of Homeworld 2 for the PC, Relic Entertainment has decided to give back to their impressive fan community by releasing the source code to the original Homeworld.
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also in everyone's best interests to remind EA that we have the raw material from which they could port Wing Commander III to a modern computer or console. Just let us know!
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529:, e.g. compatibility fixes for newer hardware and operating systems. These problems are exacerbated if software is bound to physical media with a limited life-expectancy (
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Often the availability of abandonware on the Internet is related to the willingness of copyright holders to defend their copyrights. For example, unencumbered games for
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Rarely has any abandonware case gone to court, but it is still unlawful to distribute copies of old copyrighted software and games, with or without compensation, in any
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Old copyrights are usually left undefended. This can be due to intentional non-enforcement by owners due to software age or obsolescence, but sometimes results from a
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A cache of recently acquired video games at the Library of Congress turned up a true find: the source code for unreleased PSP game Duke Nukem: Critical Mass.
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Groups that lobby companies to release their software as freeware have met with mixed results. One example is the library of educational titles released by
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has created an archive of what it describes as "vintage software", as a way to preserve them. The project advocated for an exemption from the United States
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hardware ROMs and software. Borland released "antique software" as freeware. Smith Engineering permits not-for-profit reproduction and distribution of
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There are alternatives for companies with a software product which faces the end-of-life instead of abandoning the software in an unsupported state.
378:, ignored by its owner and manufacturer, which can no longer be found for sale, and for which no official support is available and cannot be bought.
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and therefore has no commercial value, therefore rendering copyright enforcement a pointless enterprise. By default, this may allow the product to
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and becomes abandonware, users are confronted with several potential problems: missing purchase availability (besides used software) and missing
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Currently, US copyright law does not recognize the term or concept of "abandonware" while the general concept "orphan works" is recognized (see
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copyright holder going out of business without explicitly transferring ownership, leaving no one aware of the right to defend the copyright.
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list. In September 2012 the collection had nearly 3,000 games from many platforms and also around 1,500 strategy guides. For instance, the
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effect that "Amstrad have kindly given their permission for the redistribution of their copyrighted material but retain that copyright".
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1410:'s lead designer Kevin Klemmick argued in 2011 that availability of the source code of his software for the community was a good thing:
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became unsupported abandonware as the official multiplayer server and support was shut down, the game community itself took over with a
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sent a one line e-mail saying it was a good idea, and it was done the next day," Spicer recalled. "Having an internal advocate is key.
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becomes lost or irrecoverable even for its original developers, as multiple cases have shown. One of many examples is the closure of
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1336:" and may never be legally released. Lost or unclear copyrights to vintage out-of-print software is not uncommon, as rights to the
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As response to the missing availability of abandonware, people have distributed old software since shortly after the beginning of
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in large part because there is still a company that sells Intellivision games while no such company exists for the Colecovision.
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only long after it is out of print. And just because a book is out of print does not give me rights to print some for my friends.
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Some user-communities convince companies to voluntarily relinquish copyright on software, putting it into the public domain, or
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632:. In later years abandonware websites actively acquired and received permissions from developers and copyright holders (e.g.
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Access to the Archive's Collections is provided at no cost to you and is granted for scholarship and research purposes only.
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Occasionally the author of said software will detach from their creation (due to their death in some cases); in the case of
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4023:"Abandonware now legal? - Changes in copyright rules let gamers break copy protection on old games--in some circumstances"
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the copyright abandoned and start using protected works without permission of the copyright holder, who could then seek
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Nevertheless, several notable examples of successfully opened commercial software exist, for instance, the web browser
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2018:
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Hosting and distributing copyrighted software without permission is illegal. Copyright holders, sometimes through the
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I honestly think this should be standard procedure for companies that decide not to continue to support a code base.
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etc.) even without available source code, internal software documentation and original developer tools. Methods are
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455:, which had bought Digital Research's assets, owns this old PL/I compiler, but has a more up-to-date PL/I offering.
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3041:(NB. While the author and publishers claim the package would include MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually contains
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Some game developers showed sympathy for abandonware websites as they preserve their classical game titles.
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2307:"Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies"
2258:"Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies"
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Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies
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Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies
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1029:, I would probably allow it to be shared for free by now (four years after it was originally released)
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In some cases, source code remains available, which can prove a historical artifact. One such case is
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4442:"NETSCAPE ANNOUNCES PLANS TO MAKE NEXT-GENERATION COMMUNICATOR SOURCE CODE AVAILABLE FREE ON THE NET"
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You're in charge! - From vital patches to game cancellations, players are often intimately involved.
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949:) who started in 2008 to search for copyright holders of classic games to release them legally and
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was, after ten years of non-availability, re-released by gog.com, also including the source code.
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games and a "virtually complete" Atari arcade machine source code and asset collection was added.
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and various organizations dedicated to preserving this software continue to provide legal access.
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contextual background, abandonware is a software (or hardware) sub-case of the general concept of
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2171:"Cases filed against World of Spectrum: IDSA / DMCA #922932 (14/2/2003 - result: case retracted)"
1984:"Finding treasures in the code: Why the source code of classic games matters, even to non-coders"
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focuses on bringing old, time-tested games into the downloadable era with low prices and no DRM.
1931:"Atari 7800 Source Code Rescued - Atari released the source code for the 7800 console and games"
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4085:"Games as Cultural Heritage Copyright Challenges for Preserving (Orphan) Video Games in the EU"
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1252:. Such software can be legally distributed without restrictions. However, due to the length of
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by LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Copyright Office 37 CFR Part 201 (Docket No. RM 2002-4E) (October 2003)
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European Computer and Video Game Archives and Museums Joining Forces to Preserve Gaming Legacy
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in 1996, when the original source codes of several milestones of video game history (such as
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in most countries, this has yet to happen for most software. All countries that observe the
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2775:"Broderbund founder donates collection including Myst, Prince of Persia to Museum of Play"
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of drawing a possible lawsuit can discourage release of source code. Efforts to persuade
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who acquired the permission from many developers and successfully retracted a DMCA case.
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started with archiving video games and explicitly tries to get the source code of them.
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2348:"The Internet Archive puts Atari games and obsolete software directly in your browser"
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letters to all sites within the Abandonware Ring, which led to most shutting down. An
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Unavailability of software and the associated source code can also be a hindrance for
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lapse into the public domain to such an extent that enforcement becomes impractical.
919:
752:
646:
597:
526:
503:
94:
42:
4829:
4646:
4057:
3933:
2311:
2265:
2198:
1530:
1494:
1486:
1257:
1248:
Once the copyright on a piece of software has expired, it automatically falls into
999:
877:
671:
621:
617:
436:
430:
When no owning entity of a software exists, all activities (support, distribution,
225:
3514:"Community-made Forged Alliance Forever keeps Supreme Commander multiplayer alive"
3169:
5010:
4985:
4967:
4834:
4771:
4727:
4394:
4007:
3986:
3791:
3629:
3499:
3155:
3132:
3110:
3042:
3021:"Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public"
2833:
2639:
2620:
2433:
2414:
2166:
2147:
2143:
2121:
2046:
1475:
1370:
1253:
766:
began with the preservation of source code of important software, beginning with
538:
235:
2159:
1481:
Another important example for open sourced general software is the office suite
420:. Others, such as Microsoft and Ubisoft, do not make old versions available for
2039:
1898:
1857:"Oh, my. Silent Hill HD Collections Sucked Because Konami Lost The Source Code"
1490:
1303:, it is perfectly legal to transfer public domain or freely licensed software.
849:
791:
667:
could be used to distribute software without proper notification of the owner.
282:
245:
174:
119:
4179:
2576:"Yes, The Library of Congress Has Video Games: An Interview with David Gibson"
5030:
4890:
4669:
3479:
2971:"Adobe Photoshop Source Code | @CHM Blog | Computer History Museum"
2802:"Museum acquires 'virtually complete' source code from Atari's arcade heyday"
2614:
Duke's Legacy: Video Game Source Disc Preservation at the Library of Congress
2100:
1249:
1133:
1093:
1048:
837:
820:
534:
304:
199:
756:
4814:
4776:
4764:
4739:
4398:
4356:
3898:
3867:
3836:
2407:
2125:
2014:
1876:"Kingdom Hearts 1 Data Is Lost; Square Had To "Recreate Everything" For HD"
1812:"Sega Can't Find The Source Code For Your Favorite Old School Arcade Games"
1737:"Nothing Lasts Forever: Confronting the Problem of Video Game Preservation"
1569:
1470:
on March 31, 1998. The development was continued under the umbrella of the
1138:
1086:
905:
819:
There are also some cases in which the source code of games was given to a
697:. Since 23 December 2014 the Internet Archive presents via a browser based
556:
Once a software product becomes abandonware, there is a high risk that the
330:
299:
294:
267:
189:
149:
3209:
809:. Also in Japan video game software archival happens since several years.
740:
was discovered in August 2014 to be preserved at the Library of Congress.
4995:
4870:
4734:
2713:"Strategic Simulations, Inc. founder donates company collection to ICHEG"
1836:
1498:
1399:
1398:
are early proponents in this practice, releasing the source code for the
1391:
1385:
1374:
1314:
1310:
1075:
1014:
869:
727:
680:
633:
557:
530:
448:
387:
289:
184:
4607:
3069:
Software Gems: The Computer History Museum Historical Source Code Series
2945:"Adobe releases original Photoshop source code for nostalgic developers"
2600:
1474:
and Netscape Communicator became the basis of several browsers, such as
1089:
are markedly easier to find on the Internet than unencumbered games for
4902:
4875:
4839:
4388:
Microsoft open-sources Live Writer, beloved but abandoned blogging tool
3759:
2478:"Internet Archive's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Copyright Policy"
2225:"Internet Archive Gets DMCA Exemption To Help Archive Vintage Software"
1482:
1423:"Interview with Kevin Klemmick - Lead Software Engineer for Falcon 4.0"
1407:
897:
893:
873:
829:
803:
European Federation of Game Archives, Museums and Preservation Projects
795:
767:
722:
688:
502:
dialect. The DOS-based PC-LISP still runs well within emulators and on
499:
2477:
2096:
984:
848:
In response to the missing software support, sometimes the software's
755:, including the source code for preservation. In 2014 a collection of
4950:
4897:
4793:
4781:
3633:
2716:
2451:
2351:
2224:
1767:
1645:
Krauth, Kosta (November 2005). "Abandonware: Princess Maker 2".
1395:
900:
would also get a community support via unofficial service pack, with
882:
861:
786:
625:
477:
458:
250:
194:
114:
4402:"Opening the app means that it'll get some much-needed maintenance."
3065:"Xerox Alto Source Code - The roots of the modern personal computer"
2298:
2249:
2194:
2071:
1665:
1540:
which were released to allow the community to continue the support.
1406:(but not the actual game content, such as levels or textures). Also
1187:
908:
receiving a fanmade extended kernel For instance, in 2012, when the
53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4759:
4749:
4744:
4654:
4237:
4026:
3938:
3596:
3575:
3517:
3170:"'All Hell Broke Loose': Why MoMA Is Exhibiting Tetris and Pac-Man"
3149:
Professor races against time to preserve Japan's video game culture
2547:
1505:, a broad range of enterprise level support options are available.
1459:
were ignored since some of the code was co-developed by Microsoft.
1296:
833:
771:
601:
421:
417:
408:
Commercial software unsupported but still owned by a viable company
375:
326:
272:
109:
4584:
3466:"BWC Windows 2000 Extended Kernel Version v3.0i released 12/01/22"
2888:"The quest to save today's gaming history from being lost forever"
2379:"You can now play nearly 2,400 MS-DOS video games in your browser"
801:
In 2012 a group of European museums and organizations started the
4880:
4865:
4786:
3751:
3433:
1791:
1647:
1524:
1519:
1318:
1306:
941:
853:
706:
609:
495:
413:
4157:
2654:"Unreleased Duke Nukem source code found at Library of Congress"
1518:
as freeware and gave the engine's source code to the authors of
1309:
is an example which supports emulation and free distribution of
576:) were thrown out as trash, some of which were later recovered.
4717:
4234:"Lost in limbo: on the hunt for PC gaming's abandoned classics"
2870:"Apple Donates MacPaint Source Code To Computer History Museum"
1907:
1764:"Where Games Go To Sleep: The Game Preservation Crisis, Part 1"
1090:
702:
698:
452:
154:
3452:
Windows Update-Seite und weitere Updates sowie Verbesserungen.
1626:"New Front in the Copyright Wars: Out-of-Print Computer Games"
1358:
List of commercial video games with later released source code
1333:
1047:
In most cases, software classed as abandonware is not in the
644:) for legal redistribution of abandoned works; an example is
561:
2195:"The Internet Archive Classic Software Preservation Project"
600:, but the activity remained low-key until the advent of the
469:, whereby old versions could be viewed as DRM circumvention.
427:
Commercial software owned by a company no longer in business
3688:"First look: GOG revives classic PC games for download age"
3548:
2686:"ICHEG's Approach to Collecting and Preserving Video Games"
1452:
1325:
813:
550:
447:, which was considered for many years as without an owner.
440:
4583:. Technology Innovation Management Review. Archived from
4515:"StarOffice Code Released in Largest Open Source Project"
3571:
Forging On, Supreme Commander has returned a changed game
1699:
1560:
List of commercial video games with available source code
1448:
966:
720:
began the long-time preservation of video games with the
541:
or copyright law. If a software is distributed only in a
444:
3126:
British Library starts videogame website archive project
2633:
Library of Congress discovers unreleased Duke Nukem game
1381:. For instance, in December 2015 Microsoft released the
745:
International Center for the History of Electronic Games
4416:"I'm Glad That IBM Declined to Release the OS/2 Source"
1508:
There are also many examples in the video game domain:
1009:
off them. So go ahead—steal this game! Spread the love!
823:
for long-time preservation, e.g. several titles of the
4000:"U.S. Copyright Office - Anticircumvention Rulemaking"
2510:"Is That Just Some Game? No, It's a Cultural Artifact"
2137:
Games anti piracy bot fingers ZX Spectrum archive site
1555:
List of commercial software with available source code
1364:
List of commercial software with available source code
1272:
929:
416:, make some software available online, in the form of
2994:"Microsoft Word for Windows Version 1.1a Source Code"
1903:"Nobody Can Find The Source Code For Icewind Dale II"
2182:
ARCHIVE - DISTRIBUTION PERMISSIONS - SOFTWARE HOUSES
4346:
4344:
3493:
GPGNet Services Update 2 (GPGnet has been shutdown)
2836:
on giantbomb.com by Patrick Klepek (April 30, 2014)
1287:
List of commercial video games released as freeware
985:
From game developers with sympathy with abandonware
953:-free again. For instance, on December 9, 2013 the
794:1.1a under their own license. On October 21, 2014,
4434:
3206:"BIG NEWS: Wing Commander I Source Code Archived!"
2827:A Museum Just Acquired 22 Pallets of Atari History
1369:compatibility adaptions etc.) themselves, e.g. by
1132:). There is a long-held concept of abandonment in
3720:"How GOG.com Save And Restore Classic Videogames"
2160:ARCHIVE - COPYRIGHTS AND DISTRIBUTION PERMISSIONS
1345:
1328:. MECC was sold to Brøderbund, which was sold to
5028:
4572:
4341:
3895:"Flashbacks For Free: The Skinny On Abandonware"
3864:"Flashbacks For Free: The Skinny On Abandonware"
3833:"Flashbacks For Free: The Skinny On Abandonware"
3240:. wcnews.com. September 13, 2011. Archived from
2543:"Meet The Men Trying To Immortalize Video Games"
2540:
1522:to add support for the game. Other examples are
1388:to allow the community to continue the support.
1160:In the EU in 2012, an "Orphan Works Directive" (
3955:"US Copyright Office grants abandonware rights"
3568:
3430:"Nicht tot zu kriegen: Win 98 Service Pack 2.1"
3428:Dirscherl, Hans-Christian (November 29, 2005).
3384:
1788:"Among the Missing: Notable Games Lost to Time"
1617:
4539:
4207:"Can "Abandonware" Revive Forgotten Programs?"
4198:
4172:
3711:
2501:
1832:"Silent Hill HD was made from incomplete code"
491:and freeware programs that have been abandoned
424:and do not permit people to copy the software.
4623:
4353:"Microsoft pledges Allegiance to its fanbase"
4262:
3230:
3208:. wcnews.com. August 26, 2011. Archived from
3198:
1623:
1550:List of commercial games released as freeware
798:'s source code and other resources followed.
591:
348:
3756:"Classic Gem Promo: Conquest: Frontier Wars"
3480:"Windows XP unofficial Service Pack 4 (SP4)"
2744:"The Strategic Simulations, Inc. Collection"
2448:"Saving video game history begins right now"
2115:world-of-spectrum-gets-a-visit-from-the-idsa
537:etc.) and backups are impossible because of
4301:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3272:. wcnews.com. April 3, 2012. Archived from
2436:in the Internet Archive (December 29, 2014)
2009:
2007:
2005:
1735:Agnello, Anthony John (February 19, 2014).
1280:
1216:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1069:
498:, still found online, which implements the
145:Integrated circuit layout design protection
16:Software abandoned by its owner and creator
4630:
4616:
4533:largest open source software project ever.
4309:
4268:
3679:
3393:"Undying: Vampire Bloodlines Patched Anew"
3300:
2918:"The APL Programming Language Source Code"
2867:
586:
355:
341:
4637:
3937:
3427:
3336:. reconstruction.voyd.net. Archived from
3262:
2735:
2376:
2345:
1809:
1420:
1236:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
4512:
4180:"Vectrex System History The Mini Arcade"
3892:
3861:
3830:
3642:
3589:
3421:
3334:"Ultima The Reconstruction - Fanpatches"
2742:Dyson, Jon-Paul C. (December 16, 2013).
2704:
2002:
1959:. atari-museum.com. 2009. Archived from
1897:
1829:
1761:
711:"scholarship and research purposes only"
614:Interactive Digital Software Association
4350:
4315:
3946:
3803:
3766:from the original on September 13, 2016
3750:
3549:"Forged Alliance Forever official site"
3331:
3158:by TAKAFUMI YABUKI (September 22, 2013)
3062:
2991:
2915:
2684:Dyson, Jon-Paul C. (October 13, 2010).
2507:
2017:. The Official Abandonware Ring. 2006.
1981:
1928:
1734:
1171:
876:. Often the results are distributed as
263:Limitations and exceptions to copyright
5029:
4363:from the original on December 10, 2013
4204:
4123:
3923:
3717:
3651:"RPS Exclusive: Gabe Newell Interview"
3648:
3524:from the original on September 3, 2014
3309:from the original on November 25, 2015
3294:
3238:"Wing Commander III - The Source Code"
3192:us. And one day, we'll get that code."
3180:from the original on September 8, 2015
2942:
1949:
1818:from the original on December 20, 2013
1785:
1672:from the original on February 22, 2009
1644:
967:Arguments for and against distribution
4611:
4277:from the original on January 13, 2013
4231:
4186:from the original on December 7, 2013
4105:from the original on January 18, 2016
4082:
4020:
3726:from the original on January 22, 2016
3685:
3604:from the original on November 3, 2013
3511:
3363:
3167:
3018:
2894:from the original on January 17, 2016
2857:from the original on August 22, 2012.
2741:
2711:Nutt, Christian (December 16, 2013).
2683:
2651:
2573:
2541:Joseph Bernstein (October 27, 2014).
2522:from the original on November 7, 2016
2445:
2358:from the original on October 27, 2013
2323:from the original on November 1, 2007
2280:from the original on December 2, 2009
2231:from the original on October 20, 2007
2205:from the original on October 19, 2007
1922:
1844:from the original on October 16, 2013
1660:
1658:
1421:Bertolone, Giorgio (March 12, 2011).
472:Unsupported or unmaintained shareware
461:whose author still makes it available
221:Artificial intelligence and copyright
4578:
4566:development of the Myth game series.
4550:. linuxdevcenter.com. Archived from
4513:Proffitt, Brian (October 13, 2000).
4413:
4320:. insidemacgames.com. Archived from
4205:Savetz, Kevin (September 17, 2001).
4051:
3390:
3139:by David Crookes (February 13, 2012)
3079:from the original on January 2, 2015
2924:from the original on October 7, 2013
2847:"MacPaint and QuickDraw Source Code"
2808:from the original on August 19, 2014
2799:
2772:
2710:
2692:from the original on August 26, 2014
2660:from the original on August 11, 2014
2574:Owens, Trevor (September 26, 2012).
2484:from the original on January 3, 2015
2389:from the original on January 7, 2015
1214:adding citations to reliable sources
1181:
1178:List of countries' copyright lengths
1053:software is technologically obsolete
889:Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines
843:
180:Supplementary protection certificate
18:
4545:
4446:Netscape Communications Corporation
4146:
4033:from the original on March 25, 2014
3325:
3000:from the original on March 28, 2014
2943:Bishop, Bryan (February 14, 2013).
2555:from the original on March 23, 2016
2508:Chaplin, Heather (March 12, 2007).
2377:Ohlheiser, Abby (January 5, 2015).
2346:Robertson, Adi (October 25, 2013).
2021:from the original on March 28, 2007
1990:from the original on March 20, 2014
1937:from the original on April 22, 2014
1774:from the original on April 22, 2013
1762:Andersen, John (January 27, 2011).
1493:and is in continued development as
1425:. Cleared-To-Engage. Archived from
1273:Alternatives to software abandoning
1123:
930:Re-releases by digital distribution
13:
4448:. January 22, 1998. Archived from
4414:Reed, Michael (February 7, 2008).
4271:"The Lost History of System Shock"
3952:
3926:Digital Preservation and Copyright
3924:Hirtle, Peter B. (November 2003).
3812:from the original on July 11, 2008
3718:Bennet, Tom (September 16, 2015).
3686:Caron, Frank (September 9, 2008).
3649:Walker, John (November 21, 2007).
3590:Thursten, Chris (March 27, 2013).
3063:McJones, Paul (October 21, 2014).
3031:from the original on July 21, 2014
2872:. businessweek.com. Archived from
2868:Hesseldahl, Erik (July 20, 2010).
2781:from the original on June 12, 2014
2652:Starr, Michelle (August 6, 2014).
2458:from the original on March 7, 2015
2417:by Jason Scott (December 23, 2014)
2078:from the original on April 2, 2016
1655:
1264:However, because of the length of
1146:Entertainment Software Association
971:
915:Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance
14:
5068:
4351:Colayco, Bob (February 6, 2004).
4316:Largent, Andy (October 8, 2003).
4124:Lawson, Cliff (August 31, 1999).
4054:"Abandonware: Dead Games Live On"
4021:Boyes, Emma (November 27, 2006).
3512:Hafer, T.J. (November 19, 2012).
2916:Shustek, Len (October 10, 2012).
2723:from the original on May 11, 2014
2603:on nodontdie.com (March 18, 2016)
1810:Barenblat, Adam (July 25, 2008).
1786:Ciolek, Todd (October 17, 2012).
1743:from the original on July 2, 2015
1638:
1130:Orphan works in the United States
920:self-developed multiplayer server
4517:. linuxtoday.com. Archived from
4506:
4484:. March 31, 1999. Archived from
4470:
4318:"Homeworld Source Code Released"
4244:from the original on May 6, 2015
3806:"Copyright of Computer Programs"
3364:Sines, Shawn (January 8, 2008).
3301:WtF Dragon (November 26, 2014).
3270:"Wing Commander IV: Source Code"
2800:Good, Owen S. (April 22, 2014).
2427:collection:softwarelibrary_msdos
1186:
701:emulation thousands of archived
676:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
608:in February 1997. This original
310:Outline of intellectual property
135:Indigenous intellectual property
93:
23:
4407:
4381:
4225:
4117:
4076:
4052:King, Brad (January 19, 2002).
4045:
4014:
3992:
3973:
3917:
3886:
3855:
3824:
3797:
3778:
3744:
3616:
3583:
3562:
3541:
3505:
3486:
3472:
3458:
3368:. gamefront.com. Archived from
3366:"Fallout 2 Restoration Project"
3357:
3161:
3142:
3119:
3097:
3056:
3012:
2992:Shustek, Len (March 24, 2014).
2985:
2963:
2936:
2909:
2880:
2861:
2839:
2820:
2793:
2766:
2677:
2645:
2626:
2606:
2594:
2578:. blogs.loc.gov. Archived from
2567:
2534:
2470:
2439:
2420:
2401:
2370:
2339:
2292:
2243:
2217:
2187:
2175:
2153:
2130:
2108:
2090:
2064:
2052:
2033:
1982:Kuchera, Ben (March 17, 2014).
1975:
1929:Parrish, Kevin (July 7, 2009).
1882:. June 15, 2013. Archived from
1419:Kevin Klemmick, interviewed by
516:
4579:Bell, John (October 1, 2009).
4096:Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
3785:Conquest: Frontier Wars on GOG
3690:. Ars Technica. Archived from
3569:Editorial staff (June 2013). "
2947:. theverge.com. Archived from
2890:. Ars Technica. June 1, 2015.
2612:Trevor Owens, August 6, 2014,
1957:"7800 Games & Development"
1830:Sterling, Jim (May 28, 2012).
1755:
1728:
1714:
1692:"The Unofficial CP/M Web Site"
1684:
1624:Greg Costkyan (May 18, 2000).
1591:
1346:Support by source code release
868:of file and data formats, and
521:If a software product reaches
1:
4546:Wen, Howard (June 10, 2004).
4156:. borland.com. Archived from
3794:on robertsspaceindustries.com
3019:Levin, Roy (March 25, 2014).
2446:Graft, Kris (March 5, 2015).
1585:
1402:of some older titles under a
4418:. OSNews LLC. Archived from
4232:Moore, Bo (March 27, 2015).
3391:Meer, Alec (July 15, 2011).
3045:and a mixture of files from
2773:Tach, Dave (March 4, 2014).
2150:by John Lettice (7 Mar 2003)
1023:If I owned the copyright on
934:With the new possibility of
392:
7:
4913:Software release life cycle
4581:"Opening the Source of Art"
4269:g4tv staff (May 30, 2011).
3985:September 28, 2012, at the
3901:. p. 5. Archived from
3870:. p. 4. Archived from
3839:. p. 4. Archived from
3303:"Ultima 9: The Source Code"
1580:Software release life cycle
1543:
852:begins to provide support (
805:(EFGAMP) to join forces to
653:
258:Idea–expression distinction
49:the claims made and adding
10:
5073:
4981:Software protection dongle
4861:Unwanted software bundling
4209:. byte.com. Archived from
3790:September 3, 2014, at the
3498:September 3, 2014, at the
3168:Moore, Bo (May 30, 2013).
2015:"The Abandonware Ring FAQ"
1361:
1355:
1349:
1284:
1175:
751:video games, for instance
716:Starting around 2006, The
694:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
592:Early abandonware websites
4976:Digital rights management
4966:
4911:
4853:
4802:
4710:
4645:
4548:"Keeping the Myths Alive"
4126:"Amstrad ROM permissions"
3628:November 4, 2016, at the
3332:Voyager (April 8, 2007).
3154:January 18, 2016, at the
3131:January 18, 2016, at the
3109:January 18, 2016, at the
1321:games and documentation.
1155:
737:Duke Nukem: Critical Mass
467:digital rights management
4854:Deceptive and/or illicit
3722:. rockpapershotgun.com.
2638:August 13, 2014, at the
2619:August 13, 2014, at the
2413:January 9, 2015, at the
2072:"Gremlin Graphics World"
1466:, which was released by
1281:Availability as freeware
1150:cease and desist letters
1070:Enforcement of copyright
807:"Preserve Gaming Legacy"
683:-playable emulation via
663:is blurry, and the term
628:, Bunny Abandonware and
402:
5006:Software license server
4482:Netscape Communications
4128:. comp.sys.amstrad.8bit
4083:Maier, Henrike (2015).
3893:Saltzman, Marc (2002).
3862:Saltzman, Marc (2002).
3831:Saltzman, Marc (2002).
3632:by Christian Donlan on
3116:.de (on March 26, 2012)
3073:Computer History Museum
3025:Official Microsoft Blog
2975:www.computerhistory.org
2920:. computerhistory.org.
2851:Computer History Museum
2408:Each New Boot a Miracle
2169:on worldofspectrum.org
2165:April 17, 2016, at the
2061:on c64gg.com (archived)
1599:"How abandonware works"
1468:Netscape Communications
1099:
960:Conquest: Frontier Wars
880:. Notable examples are
858:compatibility adaptions
764:Computer History Museum
587:Response to abandonware
170:Plant genetic resources
140:Industrial design right
130:Geographical indication
4682:Freely redistributable
4393:June 12, 2016, at the
3592:"PC gamer pod cast 87"
2432:June 28, 2015, at the
2184:on worldofspectrum.org
2045:March 6, 2016, at the
1485:which was released by
1441:
1117:
1042:
1040:
1020:
1005:
902:POSReady registry hack
743:Since around 2009 the
661:copyright infringement
622:unintended consequence
241:Criticism of copyright
165:Plant breeders' rights
5052:Software distribution
5037:Discontinued software
4845:Software as a service
4639:Software distribution
4010:on November 23, 2013.
3804:Hollaar, Lee (2002).
3694:on September 12, 2011
3051:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11
2832:July 1, 2015, at the
2623:, Library of Congress
2480:. December 31, 2014.
2305:(November 27, 2006).
2120:May 31, 2012, at the
1464:Netscape Communicator
1412:
1404:free software license
1266:copyright enforcement
1107:
1021:
1006:
991:
630:Home of the Underdogs
566:Sunnyvale, California
87:Intellectual property
5057:Software maintenance
4936:Software maintenance
4810:Digital distribution
4665:Free and open-source
4422:on February 21, 2014
4213:on February 13, 2012
3905:on December 25, 2005
3874:on December 25, 2005
3843:on December 25, 2005
3754:(December 9, 2013).
3655:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
3482:. September 9, 2013.
3468:. December 16, 2021.
3397:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
3114:computerspielemuseum
2876:on February 9, 2012.
2754:on December 24, 2013
2688:. museumofplay.org.
2319:(227): 68472–68480.
2273:(206): 55137–55139.
2256:(October 28, 2009).
2142:May 7, 2010, at the
1722:"PL/I modernization"
1575:Software archaeology
1512:released their game
1457:open source software
1342:series illustrates.
1339:No One Lives Forever
1330:The Learning Company
1210:improve this section
1172:Copyright expiration
1162:Directive 2012/28/EU
936:digital distribution
779:programming language
732:PlayStation Portable
581:software archaeology
4941:Software maintainer
4723:Commercial software
4711:Compensation models
4521:on October 16, 2013
4397:by Peter Bright on
4324:on October 12, 2013
4154:"CDN » Museum"
4064:on October 25, 2012
3961:on January 28, 2008
3440:on October 12, 2013
3372:on October 13, 2013
3276:on November 9, 2013
3244:on December 3, 2013
3212:on November 9, 2013
2951:on January 17, 2014
2300:Library of Congress
2251:Library of Congress
1798:on October 26, 2015
1702:on February 3, 2016
1668:. embarcadero.com.
1565:Orphaned technology
1515:Beneath a Steel Sky
1510:Revolution Software
1489:in October 2000 as
1383:Windows Live Writer
1379:computing platforms
1299:. Unlike so-called
1066:signatory country.
866:reverse engineering
783:Adobe Systems, Inc.
718:Library of Congress
687:, for instance the
642:Gremlin Interactive
549:-locked form or as
383:intellectual rights
231:Copyright abolition
5001:Software copyright
4991:Product activation
4946:Software publisher
4660:Floating licensing
4182:. Vectrex Museum.
3930:Cornell University
2515:The New York Times
1886:on January 1, 2017
1631:The New York Times
1472:Mozilla Foundation
1352:Source code escrow
1026:Total Annihilation
955:real-time strategy
878:unofficial patches
730:of the unreleased
598:personal computing
323:Higher categories:
315:Outline of patents
34:possibly contains
5024:
5023:
5016:Torrent poisoning
4931:Long-term support
4755:Pay what you want
4587:on March 30, 2014
4488:on March 26, 2014
4004:www.copyright.gov
3502:on gaspowered.com
3137:independent.co.uk
3047:Altos MS-DOS 2.11
2853:. July 20, 2010.
2582:on March 31, 2014
1933:. tomsguide.com.
1503:Apache OpenOffice
1429:on March 18, 2011
1371:community patches
1246:
1245:
1238:
1168:mentioned there.
1166:audiovisual works
945:(formerly called
844:Community support
774:1.3. In 2012 the
753:Computer Bismarck
659:abandonware from
647:World of Spectrum
527:technical support
504:Microsoft Windows
451:, which acquired
365:
364:
79:
78:
71:
36:original research
5064:
4830:Product bundling
4803:Delivery methods
4702:Source-available
4632:
4625:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4592:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4559:
4554:on April 6, 2013
4543:
4537:
4536:
4528:
4526:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4493:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4459:
4457:
4452:on April 1, 2007
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4411:
4405:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4368:
4348:
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4331:
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4313:
4307:
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4300:
4292:
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4259:
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4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4160:on July 25, 2008
4150:
4144:
4143:
4135:
4133:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4089:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4060:. Archived from
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4006:. Archived from
3996:
3990:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3957:. Archived from
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
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3733:
3731:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3699:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3666:
3657:. Archived from
3646:
3640:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3566:
3560:
3559:
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3509:
3503:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3445:
3436:. Archived from
3425:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3408:
3399:. Archived from
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3345:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3305:. ultima codex.
3298:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3281:
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3259:
3251:
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3040:
3038:
3036:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2977:. Archived from
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2913:
2907:
2906:
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2815:
2813:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2649:
2643:
2642:on eurogamer.net
2630:
2624:
2610:
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2598:
2592:
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2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2312:Federal Register
2303:Copyright Office
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2266:Federal Register
2262:
2254:Copyright Office
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2199:Internet Archive
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2157:
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2134:
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2094:
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2087:
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2031:
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2011:
2000:
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1995:
1979:
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1972:
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1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1901:(July 7, 2017).
1895:
1893:
1891:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1794:. Archived from
1783:
1781:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1698:. Archived from
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1534:and Microsoft's
1531:Call to Power II
1495:Collabora Online
1487:Sun Microsystems
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1258:Berne Convention
1241:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1190:
1182:
1124:US copyright law
1115:
1064:Berne Convention
1038:
1018:
1003:
1000:Richard Garriott
792:Word for Windows
672:Internet Archive
618:cease and desist
606:Abandonware Ring
437:Digital Research
357:
350:
343:
226:Brand protection
160:Peasants' rights
97:
83:
82:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
51:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5011:Software patent
4986:License manager
4968:Copy protection
4962:
4907:
4849:
4835:Retail software
4798:
4772:Open-core model
4728:Retail software
4706:
4641:
4636:
4606:
4590:
4588:
4577:
4573:
4557:
4555:
4544:
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4455:
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4440:
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4408:
4395:Wayback Machine
4386:
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4327:
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4294:
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4151:
4147:
4131:
4129:
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4118:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4098:. p. 120.
4087:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4015:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3987:Wayback Machine
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3951:
3947:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3802:
3798:
3792:Wayback Machine
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3749:
3745:
3729:
3727:
3716:
3712:
3697:
3695:
3684:
3680:
3664:
3662:
3661:on May 12, 2014
3647:
3643:
3630:Wayback Machine
3621:
3617:
3607:
3605:
3588:
3584:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3527:
3525:
3510:
3506:
3500:Wayback Machine
3491:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3443:
3441:
3426:
3422:
3406:
3404:
3403:on May 10, 2014
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3362:
3358:
3343:
3341:
3340:on May 11, 2013
3330:
3326:
3312:
3310:
3299:
3295:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3247:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3183:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3156:Wayback Machine
3147:
3143:
3133:Wayback Machine
3124:
3120:
3111:Wayback Machine
3102:
3098:
3082:
3080:
3061:
3057:
3043:SCP MS-DOS 1.25
3034:
3032:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2990:
2986:
2981:on May 7, 2014.
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2914:
2910:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
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2866:
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2844:
2840:
2834:Wayback Machine
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2804:. polygon.com.
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2777:. polygon.com.
2771:
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2640:Wayback Machine
2631:
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2621:Wayback Machine
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2487:
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2444:
2440:
2434:Wayback Machine
2425:
2421:
2415:Wayback Machine
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2383:Washington Post
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2340:
2326:
2324:
2297:
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2193:
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2180:
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2167:Wayback Machine
2158:
2154:
2148:theregister.com
2144:Wayback Machine
2135:
2131:
2122:Wayback Machine
2113:
2109:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2047:Wayback Machine
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1986:. polygon.com.
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1963:on July 6, 2009
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1899:Schreier, Jason
1896:
1889:
1887:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1828:
1821:
1819:
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1801:
1799:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1739:. usgamer.net.
1733:
1729:
1720:
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1715:
1705:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1651:. No. 160.
1643:
1639:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1605:. June 15, 2015
1603:How Stuff Works
1597:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1546:
1476:Mozilla Firefox
1445:chilling effect
1440:
1432:
1430:
1418:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1254:copyright terms
1242:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1207:
1191:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1126:
1116:
1113:
1102:
1072:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
987:
974:
972:From proponents
969:
932:
846:
656:
638:Magnetic Fields
594:
589:
539:copy protection
519:
405:
361:
325:
321:
236:Copyright troll
125:Farmers' rights
105:Authors' rights
75:
64:
58:
55:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3991:
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3953:Miller, Ross.
3945:
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3796:
3777:
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2089:
2063:
2051:
2049:on lemon64.com
2032:
2001:
1974:
1948:
1921:
1863:. May 28, 2012
1861:Game Overviews
1754:
1727:
1713:
1696:www.cpm.z80.de
1683:
1654:
1637:
1616:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
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1542:
1491:OpenOffice.org
1416:
1350:Main article:
1347:
1344:
1285:Main article:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1244:
1243:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
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1125:
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1111:
1101:
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1041:
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996:
986:
983:
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970:
968:
965:
947:Good Old Games
931:
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2101:Amiga Forever
2098:
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2059:Mr_Chip_MF_DL
2055:
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1250:public domain
1240:
1237:
1229:
1226:November 2022
1219:
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1211:
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1200:
1195:This section
1193:
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1134:trademark law
1131:
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1095:
1094:Intellivision
1092:
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1049:public domain
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904:, as well as
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839:
838:Ultima series
835:
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821:fan community
817:
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535:optical media
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509:Orphaned code
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443:compiler for
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305:Public domain
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62:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
5047:Orphan works
4920:
4886:Trojan horse
4815:File sharing
4777:Postcardware
4765:Donationware
4740:Crowdfunding
4687:License-free
4597:
4596:
4591:December 30,
4589:. Retrieved
4585:the original
4574:
4564:
4563:
4558:December 22,
4556:. Retrieved
4552:the original
4541:
4531:
4530:
4523:. Retrieved
4519:the original
4508:
4498:
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4454:. Retrieved
4450:the original
4436:
4424:. Retrieved
4420:the original
4409:
4401:
4399:Ars Technica
4383:
4373:
4372:
4365:. Retrieved
4357:gamespot.com
4334:
4333:
4328:November 24,
4326:. Retrieved
4322:the original
4311:
4287:
4286:
4279:. Retrieved
4273:. g4tv.com.
4264:
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4246:. Retrieved
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:the original
4200:
4188:. Retrieved
4174:
4164:December 29,
4162:. Retrieved
4158:the original
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4130:. Retrieved
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4091:
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4066:. Retrieved
4062:the original
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4016:
4008:the original
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3994:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3948:
3925:
3919:
3909:December 29,
3907:. Retrieved
3903:the original
3899:gamespot.com
3888:
3878:December 29,
3876:. Retrieved
3872:the original
3868:gamespot.com
3857:
3847:December 29,
3845:. Retrieved
3841:the original
3837:gamespot.com
3826:
3814:. Retrieved
3799:
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3746:
3736:
3735:
3728:. Retrieved
3713:
3704:
3703:
3698:December 27,
3696:. Retrieved
3692:the original
3681:
3671:
3670:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3644:
3639:(2013-11-02)
3636:
3618:
3606:. Retrieved
3595:
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3570:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3543:
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3533:
3526:. Retrieved
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3442:. Retrieved
3438:the original
3423:
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3370:the original
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3318:
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3285:
3278:. Retrieved
3274:the original
3264:
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3246:. Retrieved
3242:the original
3232:
3222:
3221:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:the original
3200:
3190:
3189:
3182:. Retrieved
3173:
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3099:
3089:
3088:
3081:. Retrieved
3068:
3058:
3033:. Retrieved
3024:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2987:
2979:the original
2974:
2965:
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2949:the original
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2911:
2903:
2896:. Retrieved
2882:
2874:the original
2863:
2850:
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2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2768:
2758:December 22,
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2737:
2727:December 22,
2725:. Retrieved
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2669:
2662:. Retrieved
2656:. cnet.com.
2647:
2628:
2608:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:the original
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2546:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2513:
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2493:
2486:. Retrieved
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2441:
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2391:. Retrieved
2382:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2341:
2332:
2325:. Retrieved
2316:
2310:
2294:
2284:December 17,
2282:. Retrieved
2270:
2264:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2189:
2177:
2170:
2155:
2132:
2126:slashdot.org
2110:
2103:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
1992:. Retrieved
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1906:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1879:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1846:. Retrieved
1835:
1820:. Retrieved
1800:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1776:. Retrieved
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1730:
1716:
1706:December 23,
1704:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1666:"EDN»Museum"
1646:
1640:
1629:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1602:
1593:
1570:Out of print
1535:
1529:
1523:
1513:
1507:
1480:
1461:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1413:
1400:game engines
1390:
1375:source ports
1367:
1337:
1323:
1305:
1300:
1290:
1276:
1263:
1247:
1232:
1223:
1208:Please help
1196:
1165:
1159:
1143:
1139:legal remedy
1127:
1118:
1108:
1103:
1087:Colecovision
1084:
1080:
1073:
1061:
1056:
1046:
1035:Chris Taylor
1024:
1022:
1007:
992:
988:
979:
975:
958:
946:
940:
933:
913:
906:Windows 2000
887:
881:
847:
824:
818:
812:In 2012 the
811:
806:
802:
800:
785:donated the
761:
742:
735:
721:
715:
710:
692:
669:
664:
657:
645:
605:
595:
578:
555:
531:floppy disks
520:
517:Implications
475:
439:'s original
397:
388:orphan works
386:
380:
374:, typically
367:
366:
331:Property law
322:
300:Pirate Party
295:Patent troll
278:Paraphrasing
268:Fair dealing
215:
190:Trade secret
150:Moral rights
80:
65:
56:
33:
4996:Product key
4926:End-of-life
4921:Abandonware
4871:Infostealer
4820:On-premises
4735:Crippleware
4692:Proprietary
4675:Open source
4525:January 10,
4492:January 10,
4132:January 19,
4109:January 18,
4037:January 11,
3730:January 22,
3665:January 10,
3444:January 10,
3313:October 28,
3280:January 14,
3248:January 14,
3216:January 14,
3184:January 18,
2955:October 15,
2928:October 15,
2898:January 17,
2601:dave gibson
2586:January 18,
2362:October 29,
2327:October 21,
2235:October 21,
2209:October 21,
2040:Permissions
1837:Destructoid
1822:December 1,
1778:January 10,
1609:January 19,
1499:LibreOffice
1451:to release
1392:Id Software
1386:source code
1315:ZX Spectrum
1301:abandonware
1015:Tim Schafer
957:video game
910:multiplayer
874:executables
872:the binary
728:source code
665:abandonware
634:Jeff Minter
558:source code
523:end-of-life
489:Open-source
482:ClickRepair
449:Micro Focus
368:Abandonware
290:Orphan work
216:Abandonware
185:Trade dress
5031:Categories
4903:Shovelware
4876:Ransomware
4840:Sneakernet
3965:January 2,
3928:(Thesis).
3770:August 31,
3760:CD Projekt
3608:August 25,
3573:preview".
3554:August 25,
3528:August 28,
3083:January 8,
2812:August 13,
2785:August 13,
2696:August 22,
2664:August 12,
2559:August 22,
2488:January 8,
2393:January 8,
2025:August 22,
1967:January 9,
1941:January 9,
1914:October 5,
1880:Siliconera
1814:. Kotaku.
1676:August 22,
1586:References
1537:Allegiance
1483:StarOffice
1433:August 31,
1408:Falcon 4.0
1362:See also:
1356:See also:
1293:re-license
898:Windows XP
894:Windows 98
832:series or
830:video game
796:Xerox Alto
781:followed.
757:Brøderbund
723:Game canon
689:Atari 2600
500:Franz Lisp
381:Within an
59:March 2022
43:improve it
5042:Nostalgia
4951:Vaporware
4898:Scareware
4794:Trialware
4782:Shareware
4456:August 8,
3816:August 7,
3634:Eurogamer
3434:PCWelt.de
3407:August 2,
3035:March 29,
3004:March 29,
2717:Gamasutra
2452:Gamasutra
2352:The Verge
2082:April 23,
1994:March 20,
1890:April 13,
1867:April 13,
1848:April 13,
1768:Gamasutra
1396:3D Realms
1197:does not
1076:corporate
883:Fallout 2
862:debugging
854:bug fixes
787:Photoshop
626:Abandonia
574:Centipede
570:Asteroids
478:trialware
459:Shareware
251:Biopiracy
195:Trademark
115:Copyright
47:verifying
4760:Careware
4750:Freeware
4745:Freemium
4655:Beerware
4647:Licenses
4391:Archived
4367:July 22,
4361:Archived
4297:cite web
4275:Archived
4242:Archived
4238:PC Games
4217:March 8,
4190:June 21,
4184:Archived
4100:Archived
4068:April 2,
4031:Archived
4027:GameSpot
3983:Archived
3810:Archived
3788:Archived
3764:Archived
3724:Archived
3626:Archived
3602:Archived
3597:PC Gamer
3576:PC Gamer
3522:Archived
3518:PC Gamer
3496:Archived
3376:April 3,
3320:archive.
3307:Archived
3178:Archived
3152:Archived
3129:Archived
3107:Archived
3077:Archived
3029:Archived
2998:Archived
2922:Archived
2892:Archived
2855:Archived
2830:Archived
2806:Archived
2779:Archived
2721:Archived
2690:Archived
2658:Archived
2636:Archived
2617:Archived
2553:Archived
2548:BuzzFeed
2520:Archived
2482:Archived
2462:March 5,
2456:Archived
2430:Archived
2411:Archived
2387:Archived
2356:Archived
2321:Archived
2275:Archived
2229:Archived
2203:Archived
2163:Archived
2140:Archived
2118:Archived
2076:Archived
2043:Archived
2019:Archived
1988:Archived
1935:Archived
1842:Archived
1816:Archived
1802:June 19,
1772:Archived
1747:July 10,
1741:Archived
1670:Archived
1544:See also
1417:—
1297:freeware
1112:—
1057:de facto
1032:—
1012:—
997:—
892:or even
834:Ultima 9
772:MacPaint
762:In 2010
707:PC games
654:Archives
602:Internet
422:free use
418:freeware
376:software
327:Property
273:Fair use
110:Copyleft
4881:Spyware
4866:Malware
4787:Nagware
4426:May 30,
4289:rights.
4281:May 30,
4092:JIPITEC
3939:1813/53
3752:GOG.com
3344:May 28,
1792:1up.com
1648:PC Zone
1525:Myth II
1520:ScummVM
1377:to new
1319:Vectrex
1307:Amstrad
1218:removed
1203:sources
1148:, send
942:GOG.com
870:hacking
836:of the
681:browser
610:webring
543:digital
496:PC-LISP
414:Borland
393:Museums
372:product
41:Please
4718:Adware
4404:(2015)
4248:May 1,
4029:.com.
1908:Kotaku
1295:it as
1156:EU law
1091:Mattel
924:client
699:DOSBox
453:Novell
155:Patent
4103:(PDF)
4088:(PDF)
4058:Wired
3174:Wired
3091:1987.
2748:ICHEG
2278:(PDF)
2261:(PDF)
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912:game
768:Apple
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691:game
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4670:Free
4593:2012
4560:2012
4527:2013
4494:2013
4458:2013
4428:2012
4369:2011
4330:2012
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4283:2012
4250:2015
4219:2007
4192:2014
4166:2012
4134:2013
4111:2016
4070:2007
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3967:2008
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3880:2012
3849:2012
3818:2008
3772:2014
3732:2016
3700:2012
3667:2013
3610:2013
3556:2013
3530:2014
3446:2013
3409:2011
3378:2011
3346:2011
3315:2015
3288:use.
3282:2013
3250:2013
3218:2013
3186:2016
3085:2015
3049:and
3037:2014
3006:2014
2957:2013
2930:2013
2900:2016
2814:2014
2787:2014
2760:2013
2729:2013
2698:2014
2666:2014
2588:2013
2561:2016
2528:2013
2490:2015
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2329:2007
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2084:2016
2027:2016
1996:2014
1969:2012
1943:2012
1916:2021
1892:2022
1869:2022
1850:2022
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1611:2019
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