419:. "For the purposes of VARA, visual art includes paintings, drawings, prints, sculptures, and photographs, existing in a single copy or a limited edition of 200 signed and numbered copies or fewer". A photograph must be taken only for exhibition purposes to be recognized under this subcategory. Independent art is not a focus of this waiver, for VARA only works in protecting artwork that can be considered as having "recognized stature"; Some of the items that are voided from VARA's protection include posters, maps, globes, motion pictures, electronic publications, and applied art. The VARA grants artists two specific rights: the right of attribution, and the right of integrity. The right of attribution allows an author to enforce the attribution of their work, prevent the misattribution of their work to another author, and permits the author to retain anonymous or pseudo-anonymous ownership of the work. The right of integrity does its best to prevent distortion or modification of their work, easing an artists' worries surrounding negative defamation directly applied to their work affecting their own personal, creative, or professional reputation through misrepresentation.
344:, and the right to the integrity of the work. The preserving of the integrity of the work allows the author to object to alteration, distortion, or mutilation of the work that is "prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation". Anything else that may detract from the artist's relationship with the work even after it leaves the artist's possession or ownership may bring these moral rights into play. Moral rights are distinct from any economic rights tied to copyrights. Even if an artist has assigned his or her copyright rights to a work to a third party, he or she still maintains the moral rights to the work.
38:
1381:
2431:
473:
2042:. It comprises not only proprietary rights but also moral rights. In many European jurisdictions, only the proprietary rights are assignable; in others, copyrights, including the proprietary rights, cannot be assigned at all but authors may only grant others a license to exploit the protected work. Moral rights are usually not assignable and can be waived only to a limited extent.
1185:. U.S. copyright law emphasizes protection of financial reward over protection of creative attribution. The exclusive rights tradition in the United States is inconsistent with the notion of moral rights as it was constituted in the Civil Code tradition stemming from post-Revolutionary France. When the United States acceded to the
588:
1050:
649:
425:
Some jurisdictions like
Austria differentiate between narrow and wide moral rights. Whilst the former is about integrity of the work, the latter limits usages, which may harm the author's integrity. Some copyright timestamp services allow an author to publish allowed and disallowed usage intentions
992:
In most of Europe, it is not possible for authors to assign or even broadly waive away their moral rights. This follows a tradition in
European copyright itself, which is regarded as an item of property which cannot be sold, but only licensed. The author can agree to waive them to a limited extent
442:
Independent of the author's economic rights, and even after the transfer of the said rights, the author shall have the right to claim authorship of the work and to object to any distortion, modification of, or other derogatory action in relation to the said work, which would be prejudicial to the
1036:
provides unlimited term of protection of the rights of authorship, alteration, and integrity of an author. As
Article 55 of the same Law provides retroactive protection of unexpired term on the date of entry into force of this Law, the Chinese perpetual moral rights are retroactive as well. The
993:(and such terms are very common in contracts in Europe). There may also be a requirement for the author to 'assert' these moral rights before they can be enforced. In many books, for example, this is done on a page near the beginning, in and amongst the British Library/Library of Congress data.
1104:
at New Delhi. The mural in question was made of bronze had span of 140 feet sweep of 40 feet. The mural remained on display and was much appreciated till pulled down in 1979 and then consigned to storerooms of Union of India. Delhi High Court specifically referred to the Berne
Convention in
1180:
Moral rights traditionally have not been recognized in
American law. Some elements of moral rights do exist in the United States, but are usually protected through specific contract provisions between parties, or else through individual states' laws or the derivative work rights in
1053:
provides perpetual moral rights. The moral rights in Art. 6 are for proper attribution and against any distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work where that act would be or is prejudicial to the reputation of the author or where the work is discredited by the act.
1062:
Moral Rights is specified under
Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) Division IV, starting from section 89. Author of computer program does not have Moral Rights (section 91). Moral Rights cannot be transferred unless on the death of moral rights holder (section 105 and 106).
1108:
The Court accepted the existence of moral rights despite the work being commissioned work and copyright had passed over to union of India and suit being brought 13 years after the said act (defense of limitations as pleaded by
Government was rejected by the court).
1322:
took action against the ABC network for broadcasting versions of their programs which had been correctly attributed to them but had been extensively edited, in part to remove content that their audience might consider offensive or obscene. The judgement of the
1077:(1) Independently of author's copyright, and even after the assignment either wholly or partially of the said copyright, the author of the work shall have the right to claim authorship of the work as well as the right to restrain, or claim damages in respect of
2477:
2488:
1307:
By the start of the twentieth century, U.S. decisions on unfair competition found that representing as the author's work a version of the work that substantially departed from the original was a cause of action. Section §43(a) of the
2435:
1339:
Authors occasionally wish to distance themselves from work they have been involved with, some to the point of not wishing to be recognized as the work's author. One way they may do this is by signing the work under a pseudonym.
2499:
1172:, the Copyright Act 2021 which came into effect in November 2021 provides for selected moral rights of authors and performers including the right to be acknowledged, right not to be falsely identified, amongst others.
1105:
delivering judgement. The Court also awarded damages of ₹500,000 and also decreed in favor of the Amar Nath Sehgal that he would have an absolute right to recreate the mural at any place and right to sale the same.
1312:, which protects brands and trademarks, also provides similar protection to laws based on moral rights. For any goods or services, it bans false designation of origin or a false description or representation. In
524:
1100:(CS/OS/No.2074/1992 decided on 21 February 2005. Court of Mr. Justice Pradeep Nandrajog). The case pertained to a mural that was commissioned in 1957 by the Government of India during construction of
1362:, wanted his name removed after the completion bond company took over film production, but he was contractually obliged not to impugn the film and he was told that using a pseudonym would impugn it.
1298:
governs false and misleading advertising, and can apply in some instances to attribution of protected works. However, it cannot be used to create moral rights for works outside of the Act. See
1755:
Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633 sulla protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio (aggiornata con le modifiche introdotte dal decreto-legge 30 aprile 2010, n. 64)
1369:, sometimes the original author will choose a pseudonym as permission for the copyright holder to do whatever they wish to finish and market the unwanted work, cutting ties from the product.
434:
Through the Rome
Revision of the Berne Convention in 1928, the Berne Convention accepted two forms of moral rights; paternity and integrity. These rights are included in Article 6bis of the
1011:
protects the moral rights of authors. The moral rights cannot be assigned, but can be waived contractually. Many publishing contracts in Canada now contain a standard moral right waiver.
1024:, a large shopping mall, had commissioned the artist Michael Snow for a sculpture of Canada Geese. Snow successfully stopped Eaton's from decorating the geese with bows at Christmas.
2022:
European copyright systems provide for a stronger connection between the copyright and the author of the protected work. This makes sense if one considers that even though the German
1186:
1090:(2) The right conferred upon an author of a work by sub section (1), other than the right to claim authorship of the work, may be exercised by the legal representatives of the author.
357:
422:
In the United States, moral rights are not transferable, and end only with the life of the author. Authors may, however, waive their moral rights if this is done in writing.
1038:
1033:
1129:, the Copyright Act has provided authors' perpetual moral rights with regard of attribution and protection against alteration in bad faith, even if the works are in the
2449:
2301:
2358:, "Ownership of the rights ... is distinct from ownership of any copy of that work, or of a copyright or any exclusive right under a copyright in that work."
1856:
2456:
1878:
1864:
1792:
1324:
1252:
prevent use of one's name on any work that has been distorted, mutilated, or modified in a way that would be prejudicial to the author's honor or reputation
102:
1691:
1461:, Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, September 9, 1886, art. 6bis, S. Treaty Doc. No. 27, 99th Cong., 2d Sess. 41 (1986).
1231:. However, the case was primarily decided on the basis of whether the BBC was licensed in such a way as to allow ABC to edit the videos (paragraph 20).
979:
Only applies to works of visual art limited to the life of the author(s) to the end of the calendar year of death of the last author(s), can be waived
2250:
1925:
2228:
2206:
2184:
2162:
2140:
2118:
2096:
1629:
s. 195AM(1) provides: "An author's right of integrity of authorship in respect of a cinematograph film continues in force until the author dies."
297:
807:
1143:
Article 21 of the
Copyright Act 1948, unchanged from the 1944 Act (The effective jurisdiction of the Republic of China became limited to
398:
87:
1738:
461:∞: infinity (to identify perpetual moral rights, though countries and areas may have different wordings in their laws and regulations)
2282:
For the
Artists Ownership Rights Act (New York) it was decided in 2003 by the District Court for the Southern District of New York in
1189:, it stipulated that the Convention's "moral rights" provisions were addressed sufficiently by other statutes, such as laws covering
1669:
1647:
1204:). However, it is unclear if these laws, or portions thereof, are preempted by federal laws, such as the Visual Artists Rights Act.
1821:"Lov om opphavsrett til åndsverk mv. (åndsverkloven) - Kapittel 1 Grunnleggende bestemmelser om opphavsrett til åndsverk - Lovdata"
1713:
1201:
1503:
205:
2450:"In this Digital Age, Are We Protecting Tomorrow's 'Masterpieces'? Protection of the Moral Rights of the Digital Graphic Artist"
1842:
2407:"Terry Gilliam et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants-Appellees, v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., Defendant-Appellee-Appellant"
1963:
1911:
1159:
Section 3, Articles 15-21 of the Copyright Act 1992, with the Article unchanged in the subsequent versions of the Copyright Act
1002:
1071:
Moral rights are recognised under section 57 of India copyright act. Section 57 refers to Author's Special rights. It states:
2383:
1778:
1517:
1432:
163:
1117:
Article 41 of the Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M provides inalienable, unrenounceable and imprescriptible author's personal rights.
220:
122:
480:
1242:
grants authors of a "work of visual art" – e.g. photographs, paintings, sculptures, etc. – the non-transferable right to
290:
2295:
2519:
2350:
2318:
2007:
1279:
1275:
1182:
390:
386:
667:
1886:
1803:
1255:
prevent any intentional distortion, mutilation, or modification that would prejudice the author's honor or reputation
2406:
1314:
1209:
252:
77:
780:
Law No. 82 of 2002 Pertaining to the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Copyrights and Neighboring Rights
1300:
1227:
1197:
200:
19:
For inalienable rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or polity, see
2466:
1683:
283:
1728:"Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633. — protezione del diritto d'autore e di altri diritti connessi al suo esercizio"
1354:
1222:
1016:
547:
Ordinance No. 03-05 on Copyright and Related Rights (19 Joumada El Oula 1424 corresponding to July 19, 2003)
2529:
1936:
1196:
Some individual states have moral rights laws, particularly pertaining to visual art and artists (see e.g.
1345:
1084:(b) any other action in relation to the said work which would be prejudicial to his honour or reputation.
1545:
901:
Intellectual Property Act (Act on copyright to intellectual property etc.). (2018). § 5. (in Norwegian)
2236:
2214:
2192:
2170:
2148:
2126:
2104:
1793:"Закон За Авторското Право И Сродните Права - Сл. Весник На Р. Македонија, Бр.115 Од 31.08.2010 Година"
1509:
1352:
who no longer wanted to be credited. This courtesy was not always extended, however. The director of
1239:
410:
107:
640:
623:
322:
695:
Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights (of June 30, 1994, as amended by the Law of April 3, 1995)
1499:
1008:
333:
112:
82:
72:
2055:
1532:
727:
2524:
1399:
772:
754:
633:
385:
became a signatory to the convention in 1989, and incorporated a version of moral rights under
183:
2369:
1584:
936:
Art. 5 The Law For the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, Royal Decree 65/2008
928:
394:
29:
1662:"Hong Kong, China: Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528) (consolidated version of June 1, 2011)"
1262:
These rights are distinct from any rights of copyright and ownership of a copy of the work.
1727:
1021:
2436:
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works/Articles 1 to 21#Article 6bis
8:
1754:
1661:
1639:
779:
761:
743:
694:
602:
574:
560:
546:
532:
173:
1705:
616:
2500:"Moral Rights and Copyright Harmonisation - Prospects for an 'International Moral Right
2375:
1985:
1958:
1835:"Republic of Moldova, Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights"
1592:
1394:
793:
710:
257:
67:
47:
2354:
2322:
681:
484:
2379:
1834:
1513:
1459:
1428:
1331:, finding the cuts might be an "actionable mutilation" that violated the Lanham Act.
1217:
comedy troupe made a claim of "mutilation" (akin to a moral rights claim) in 1975 in
1190:
37:
1903:
1447:"moral, adj.". OED Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. 25 October 2011.
1271:
168:
1977:
2305:
1770:
1422:
1366:
1359:
1283:
178:
1427:. Routledge Studies in International Law. Taylor & Francis. pp. 41–42.
1270:
Copyright holders have the right to control adaptations, or the preparation of "
1041:
version retains this provision and the original Article 55 becomes Article 59.
225:
188:
117:
62:
20:
1978:"17 U.S. Code § 106A - Rights of certain authors to attribution and integrity"
762:
The Consolidated Act on Copyright 2010. Consolidation Act No. 202 of 2/27/2010
753:= Life of author + 70 calendar years (∞ unlimited if the use of the work
2513:
2084:
1349:
1130:
1101:
890:
Arts. 61(2), 75, Author's right and related rights, Act, 31/08/2010, No. 115
382:
247:
142:
1953:
1341:
1319:
1214:
273:
242:
237:
210:
132:
2085:
Please visit Hongkong legislation website for specified ordinance sections
1820:
789:∞ inalienable except to an extent that is limited and restricted in scope
1706:"Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright"
1612:
1258:
prevent the destruction of a work of art if it is of "recognized stature"
1144:
1081:(a) any distortion, mutilation or other modification of the said work; or
533:
Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995
415:
recognizes moral rights, but applies only to a narrow subset of works of
232:
158:
127:
1505:
The Soul of Creativity: Forging a Moral Rights Law for the United States
969:
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48), Chapter IV, ss. 77–89
1386:
1309:
1295:
416:
326:
16:
Copyrights related to attribution, anonymity, and integrity of the work
1169:
341:
337:
318:
193:
137:
57:
2506:, British and Irish Law Conference, 2002, Free University, Amsterdam
2284:
Board of Managers of Soho Int'l Arts Condominium v. City of New York
1424:
Copyright and Creative Freedom: A Study of Post-Socialist Law Reform
1380:
1471:
Rigamonti, Cyrill P. (Summer 2006). "Deconstructing Moral Rights".
1249:
prevent the use of one's name on any work the author did not create
269:
215:
52:
2430:
2286:
that the law has been preempted by the Visual Artists Rights Act.
1737:. Societa' Italiana Degli Autori Ed Editori Biblioteca Giuridica.
1156:
Article 26 of the Copyright Act 1990, unchanged from the 1985 Act
1150:
Article 21 of the Copyright Act 1964, unchanged from the 1948 Act
358:
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
2448:
Peter E. Berlowe, Laura J. Berlowe-Heinish, and Peter A. Koziol,
1218:
352:
1559:
Gassaway, Laura (December 2002). "Copyright and moral rights".
1126:
701:
405:
362:
348:
314:
97:
2335:
Gassaway, Laura (December 2002) "Copyright and moral rights",
1014:
Moral rights in Canada were famously exercised in the case of
662:
Life + 20 calendar years (rights against false attribution)
2371:
Consumer Protection in the Age of the 'Information Economy'
2009:
IP Assignment Clauses in International Employment Contracts
879:
Arts. 7(d), 41, Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M of August 16, 1999
711:
Copyright Law and Related Rights (Federal Law n. 9,610/98)
835:
s. 89-114, Copyright Ordinance, Chapter 528, Division IV
2326:, "The rights conferred ... may not be transferred"
1420:
1034:
Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (1990)
464:= economic rights: equal to or same as economic rights
2297:
Monty Python v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.
1325:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
2056:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Copyright Act"
1470:
1376:
603:
Law on Copyright and Related Rights of June 15, 2006
1879:"القوانين واللوائح > حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة"
706:∞ inalienable, can not be waived, assumed by heirs
525:
copyrighted based on publication and creation dates
426:to prevent a violation of such wider moral rights.
650:Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996
575:Law on Author's Rights (No. 4/90 of 10 March 1990)
2462:, Vol. 6, No. 12 (December 2002), pp. 40–41.
2511:
2409:. United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
1344:was a traditional, collective pseudonym used in
2489:"The Conceptual Transformation of Moral Rights"
2457:"Copyright and moral rights" (Copyright Corner)
2054:Branch, Legislative Services (April 27, 2023).
832:= economic, cannot be waived, must be asserted
744:Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China
401:excludes the US from the moral rights section.
325:jurisdictions and, to a lesser extent, in some
2339:, Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 40–41 (Copyright Corner)
1765:
1763:
1334:
876:∞ perpetual, inalienable, and imprescriptible
827:
803:∞ perpetual, inalienable, and imprescriptible
2005:
291:
2029:
2023:
1234:
966:= economic, can be waived, must be asserted
933:∞ perpetual, inalienable, and nonassignable
376:
366:
1760:
1098:Amar Nath Sehgal v Union of India & Ors
1096:The issue of moral rights was discussed in
718:
561:Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999
408:of moral rights. In the United States, the
399:Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
88:Integrated circuit layout design protection
1455:
1453:
955:= economic, can be waived, non-assignable
868:Arts. 22-23, Legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633
822:Arts. 6, 18, Copyright Act, 2005, No. 690
814:
298:
284:
2266:
2264:
1954:"Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988"
1558:
1202:Artists Authorship Rights Act (New York)
2404:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1450:
1175:
206:Limitations and exceptions to copyright
2512:
2261:
2053:
1898:
1896:
1640:"Ghana: Copyright Act, 2005 (Act 690)"
1348:between 1968 and 1999 by discontented
1003:Moral rights in Canadian copyright law
447:
347:Moral rights were first recognized in
332:The moral rights include the right of
2006:Hoppe-Jänisch, Daniel (19 May 2015),
1857:"Regeling - Auteurswet - BWBR0001886"
1498:
1240:The Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990
1153:Article 26 of the Copyright Act 1985
1140:Article 21 of the Copyright Act 1944
1137:Article 25 of the Copyright Act 1928
728:Copyright Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)
336:, the right to have a work published
164:Artificial intelligence and copyright
2473:(May 2005), 68 (3), pp. 411–434
2367:
2221:
2199:
2177:
2155:
2133:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1483:
1416:
1414:
958:Art. 20 Copyright Act No.98 of 1978
467:
123:Supplementary protection certificate
2493:American Journal of Comparative Law
1893:
1265:
854:∞ eternally inherent to the Author
429:
355:, before they were included in the
13:
2442:
1867:from the original on Nov 11, 2023.
1716:from the original on Oct 22, 2022.
1694:from the original on Oct 31, 2023.
14:
2541:
1982:LII / Legal Information Institute
1914:from the original on Mar 3, 2023.
1845:from the original on Nov 6, 2018.
1781:from the original on May 8, 2023.
1744:from the original on Nov 4, 2023.
1672:from the original on Nov 6, 2018.
1650:from the original on Nov 5, 2018.
1572:
1473:Harvard International Law Journal
1411:
1225:for airing re-edited versions of
723:= economic rights, may be waived
668:Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4
626:(including external territories)
404:Some jurisdictions allow for the
2429:
1379:
1315:Gilliam v. American Broadcasting
1210:Gilliam v. American Broadcasting
909:∞ inalienable, assumed by heirs
542:∞ inalienable, cannot be waived
471:
393:. The Berne convention is not a
253:Outline of intellectual property
78:Indigenous intellectual property
36:
2467:"The Trouble with Moral Rights"
2398:
2361:
2342:
2329:
2310:
2289:
2276:
2243:
2235:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2213:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2191:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2169:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2147:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2125:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2111:
2103:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2089:
2078:
2066:
2047:
1999:
1970:
1946:
1918:
1871:
1849:
1827:
1813:
1785:
1748:
1720:
1698:
1676:
1654:
1632:
1623:
1605:
1421:Sundara Rajan, Mira T. (2006).
1301:Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox
1198:California Art Preservation Act
1163:
1057:
1926:"Copyright Act No. 98 of 1978"
1552:
1538:
1526:
1464:
1441:
443:author's honor or reputation.
321:works generally recognized in
1:
2478:"Deconstructing Moral Rights"
2073:Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.
2038:, the literal translation is
2012:, London: Lexology, p. 9
1613:"fairregister | fairkom"
1405:
1289:
1274:". This right is given under
1017:Snow v. The Eaton Centre Ltd.
734:
2300:, 538 F.2d 14 (2d Cir 1976)
1228:Monty Python's Flying Circus
1221:against American TV network
1120:
996:
987:
865:∞ perpetual and inalienable
755:infringes cultural interests
739:∞ perpetual and retroactive
7:
1775:Printing Bureau (Macao SAR)
1372:
1335:Courtesy of non-attribution
1112:
1066:
1044:
1027:
846:s. 57, Copyright Act, 1957
201:Idea–expression distinction
10:
2546:
2452:, 81 Fla. Bar J. 30 (2007)
1000:
947:Part 7 Copyright Act 2021
944:= economic, can be waived
808:Intellectual Property Code
18:
2520:Intellectual property law
2405:Lumbard (June 30, 1976).
2075:(1982) 70 C.P.R. (2d) 105
1908:Singapore Statutes Online
1510:Stanford University Press
1318:the British comedy group
1235:Visual Artists Rights Act
523:= economic rights (works
411:Visual Artists Rights Act
391:Title 17 of the U.S. Code
378:Loi sur le droit d'auteur
365:recognizes moral rights (
2229:"法編號:01176 版本:081052200"
2207:"法編號:01176 版本:079011100"
2185:"法編號:01176 版本:074062800"
2163:"法編號:01176 版本:053063000"
2141:"法編號:01176 版本:037123100"
2119:"法編號:01176 版本:033033100"
2034:are often translated as
1771:"Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M"
1500:Kwall, Roberta Rosenthal
452:
2498:Mira T. Sundara Rajan,
2273:, vol. 3, § 8D.02.
2097:"法編號:01176 版本:01705140"
2060:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1535:(R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42)
113:Plant genetic resources
83:Industrial design right
73:Geographical indication
2465:Patrick Masiyakurima,
2368:Winn, Jane K. (2006).
2030:
2024:
1400:Protection of Classics
1094:
1009:Canada's Copyright Act
709:Arts. 24 and §1º, 27,
509:Terms of moral rights
445:
377:
367:
184:Criticism of copyright
108:Plant breeders' rights
2487:Cyrill P. Rigamonti,
2476:Cyrill P. Rigamonti,
2471:The Modern Law Review
1964:The National Archives
1684:"Copyright Act, 1957"
1585:"Moral Rights Basics"
1073:
440:
395:self-executing treaty
30:Intellectual property
2378:. pp. 126–127.
1904:"Copyright Act 2021"
1176:In the United States
1022:Toronto Eaton Centre
775:, and nonassignable
581:Antigua and Barbuda
506:Countries and areas
485:adding missing items
2530:Art and culture law
2460:Information Outlook
2337:Information Outlook
2271:Nimmer on Copyright
1561:Information Outlook
1051:Copyright Act, 2005
760:Section 63(1), 75,
589:Copyright Act, 2002
448:Worldwide situation
174:Copyright abolition
2376:Ashgate Publishing
2304:2010-05-14 at the
2239:on 7 October 2014.
2217:on 7 October 2014.
2195:on 7 October 2014.
2173:on 7 October 2014.
2151:on 7 October 2014.
2129:on 7 October 2014.
2107:on 7 October 2014.
1986:Cornell Law School
1959:legislation.gov.uk
1593:Harvard University
1569:(Copyright Corner)
1395:Personality rights
1294:Section 43 of the
1183:U.S. copyright law
1032:Article 20 of the
920:= economic rights
726:Arts. 14.1, 14.2,
659:= economic rights
634:Copyright Act 1968
629:= economic rights
584:= economic rights
556:= economic rights
483:; you can help by
266:Higher categories:
258:Outline of patents
2434:Works related to
2385:978-0-7546-4709-6
2355:§ 106A(e)(2)
2323:§ 106A(e)(1)
1589:cyber.harvard.edu
1519:978-0-80475-643-3
1434:978-0-20396-776-8
1219:legal proceedings
1191:slander and libel
985:
984:
666:s. 18(1), 18(2),
501:
500:
387:its copyright law
308:
307:
2537:
2503:
2484:353 (2006) (PDF)
2482:Harv. Int'l L.J.
2455:Laura Gassaway,
2433:
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2045:
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2027:
2019:
2017:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1935:. Archived from
1930:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1889:on Jan 14, 2012.
1885:. Archived from
1875:
1869:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1809:on Jun 26, 2011.
1808:
1802:. Archived from
1797:
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1389:
1384:
1383:
1365:If the work was
1327:was in favor of
1272:derivative works
1266:Adaptation right
1246:claim authorship
1187:Berne Convention
1007:Section 14.1 of
917:the Netherlands
884:North Macedonia
612:Life + 70 years
531:Arts. 4, 17-21,
503:
502:
496:
493:
475:
474:
468:
436:Berne Convention
430:Berne Convention
380:
370:
300:
293:
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169:Brand protection
103:Peasants' rights
40:
26:
25:
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2544:
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2510:
2509:
2501:
2445:
2443:Further reading
2421:
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2390:
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2386:
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2349:
2347:
2343:
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2306:Wayback Machine
2294:
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2015:
2013:
2004:
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1990:
1988:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1942:on Mar 3, 2016.
1939:
1928:
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1360:Russell Mulcahy
1337:
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1005:
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963:United Kingdom
773:imprescriptible
693:Arts. 1(2), 7,
661:
522:
497:
491:
488:
472:
455:
450:
432:
329:jurisdictions.
317:of creators of
304:
268:
264:
179:Copyright troll
68:Farmers' rights
48:Authors' rights
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2154:
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2110:
2088:
2077:
2065:
2046:
2040:author's right
2031:droit d'auteur
2028:or the French
1998:
1969:
1945:
1917:
1892:
1870:
1848:
1826:
1812:
1784:
1759:
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1719:
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1622:
1617:www.fairkom.eu
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1433:
1409:
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1397:
1391:
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1371:
1350:film directors
1336:
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1291:
1288:
1280:17 U.S.C.
1267:
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1177:
1174:
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1141:
1138:
1133:, as follows:
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1001:Main article:
998:
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977:
976:United States
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787:
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776:
769:
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764:
758:
751:
747:
746:
742:Arts. 10, 20,
740:
737:
731:
730:
724:
721:
715:
714:
707:
704:
698:
697:
691:
690:∞ inalienable
688:
684:
683:
678:
675:
671:
670:
664:
657:
653:
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648:Arts. 14, 27,
646:
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619:
613:
610:
606:
605:
599:
596:
592:
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582:
578:
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571:
570:∞ inalienable
568:
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536:
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529:
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478:
476:
466:
465:
462:
454:
451:
449:
446:
431:
428:
413:of 1990 (VARA)
342:pseudonymously
306:
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276:
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226:Right to quote
223:
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189:Bioprospecting
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176:
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152:
151:Related topics
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118:Related rights
115:
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65:
63:Database right
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
21:natural rights
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2542:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Copyright law
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2505:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
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2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2438:at Wikisource
2437:
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2303:
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2298:
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2279:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2233:lis.ly.gov.tw
2230:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2211:lis.ly.gov.tw
2208:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2189:lis.ly.gov.tw
2186:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2167:lis.ly.gov.tw
2164:
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2146:
2145:lis.ly.gov.tw
2142:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2123:lis.ly.gov.tw
2120:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2101:lis.ly.gov.tw
2098:
2092:
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2041:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1966:. 1988 c. 48.
1965:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1938:
1934:
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1547:
1541:
1534:
1533:Copyright Act
1529:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1479:(2): 353–412.
1478:
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1357:
1356:
1355:Highlander II
1351:
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1343:
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1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:copyright law
1273:
1263:
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1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1232:
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1199:
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1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:public domain
1128:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:Vigyan Bhavan
1099:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1020:In this case
1019:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
994:
981:
978:
975:
974:
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968:
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957:
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952:South Africa
951:
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927:
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878:
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867:
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861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
809:
806:Art. L121-1,
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:Copyright Law
791:
788:
785:
784:
781:
777:
774:
771:∞ permanent,
770:
767:
766:
763:
759:
756:
752:
749:
748:
745:
741:
738:
736:
733:
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631:
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625:
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614:
611:
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607:
604:
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579:
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572:
569:
566:
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562:
558:
555:
552:
551:
548:
544:
541:
538:
537:
534:
530:
528:
526:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
505:
504:
495:
492:December 2008
486:
482:
479:This list is
477:
470:
469:
463:
460:
459:
458:
444:
439:
437:
427:
423:
420:
418:
414:
412:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
389:, codifed in
388:
384:
383:United States
379:
374:
373:Copyright Act
369:
368:droits moraux
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
301:
296:
294:
289:
287:
282:
281:
279:
278:
275:
271:
267:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
249:
248:Public domain
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
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231:
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214:
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209:
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167:
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162:
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157:
156:
155:
154:
150:
149:
144:
143:Utility model
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
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91:
89:
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81:
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71:
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64:
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59:
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51:
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46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
35:
34:
31:
28:
27:
22:
2492:
2481:
2470:
2459:
2411:. Retrieved
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2370:
2363:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2312:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2254:
2245:
2237:the original
2232:
2223:
2215:the original
2210:
2201:
2193:the original
2188:
2179:
2171:the original
2166:
2157:
2149:the original
2144:
2135:
2127:the original
2122:
2113:
2105:the original
2100:
2091:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2035:
2025:Urheberrecht
2021:
2014:, retrieved
2008:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1957:
1948:
1937:the original
1932:
1920:
1907:
1887:the original
1882:
1873:
1860:
1851:
1838:
1829:
1815:
1804:the original
1799:
1787:
1774:
1750:
1734:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1665:
1656:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1588:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1540:
1528:
1504:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1443:
1423:
1364:
1353:
1342:Alan Smithee
1338:
1329:Monty Python
1328:
1320:Monty Python
1313:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1269:
1261:
1238:
1226:
1215:Monty Python
1208:
1206:
1195:
1179:
1167:
1164:In Singapore
1124:
1116:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1070:
1061:
1058:In Hong Kong
1048:
1031:
1015:
1013:
1006:
991:
898:irrevocable
887:∞ unlimited
843:∞ perpetual
819:∞ perpetual
677:∞ unlimited
660:
645:∞ unlimited
598:∞ unlimited
559:Arts. 6, 18
521:
489:
456:
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435:
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403:
372:
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346:
331:
311:Moral rights
310:
309:
274:Property law
265:
243:Pirate Party
238:Patent troll
221:Paraphrasing
211:Fair dealing
133:Trade secret
93:Moral rights
92:
2255:tipo.gov.tw
1800:zamp.com.mk
1546:"Countries"
1145:Taiwan Area
923:Art. 25(2)
792:Section 3,
512:References
338:anonymously
334:attribution
319:copyrighted
233:Orphan work
159:Abandonware
128:Trade dress
2514:Categories
2413:2012-06-21
2391:2012-06-24
2251:"經濟部智慧財產局"
1688:India Code
1598:2020-04-13
1406:References
1387:Law portal
1367:unfinished
1310:Lanham Act
1296:Lanham Act
1290:Lanham Act
1284:§ 106
941:Singapore
857:Art.5 (1)
851:Indonesia
778:Art. 143,
641:Azerbaijan
632:s. 195AM,
520:∞ forever
481:incomplete
417:visual art
397:, and the
327:common law
2495:67 (2007)
2351:17 U.S.C.
2319:17 U.S.C.
2036:copyright
1861:wetten.nl
1567:(12): 40.
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1170:Singapore
1147:in 1949.)
1121:In Taiwan
1049:Art. 18,
997:In Canada
988:In Europe
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680:Art. 15,
656:Barbados
624:Australia
601:Art. 12,
573:Art. 18,
545:Art. 21,
371:) in its
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323:civil law
194:Biopiracy
138:Trademark
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1991:6 August
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1843:Archived
1839:WIPO Lex
1779:Archived
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1692:Archived
1670:Archived
1666:WIPO Lex
1648:Archived
1644:WIPO Lex
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1373:See also
1113:In Macao
1067:In India
1045:In Ghana
1028:In China
906:Moldova
786:Finland
750:Denmark
687:Belgium
674:Belarus
615:§§19-21
609:Austria
595:Armenia
553:Andorra
539:Algeria
517:Albania
457:Legend:
270:Property
216:Fair use
53:Copyleft
2424:General
912:Art. 9
895:Norway
800:France
587:s. 18,
567:Angola
381:). The
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1127:Taiwan
873:Macao
862:Italy
840:India
768:Egypt
719:Canada
702:Brazil
406:waiver
363:Canada
349:France
315:rights
98:Patent
2491:, 55
2480:, 47
1940:(PDF)
1933:CIPRO
1929:(PDF)
1807:(PDF)
1796:(PDF)
1742:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
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735:China
453:Table
2380:ISBN
2018:2015
1993:2024
1735:WIPO
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1429:ISBN
1039:2001
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