3241:, with the princely states acceding to one nation or the other. The accession process proceeded smoothly, with the notable exception of four of the most influential principalities. The Muslim ruler of the Hindu-majority state of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan, but his decision was overruled by the Indian government, while Hyderabad chose to be independent, but was forcibly annexed to India in 1948. The Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, among the largest and most powerful of the principalities, but with a Muslim-majority population, initially held off on a decision. In the autumn of 1947, an invading force from Pakistan frightened the ruler into acceding to India. The ruler of Kalat, in Baluchistan, declared his independence in 1947, after which the state was forcibly merged with Pakistan, resulting in an insurgency persisting to this day. With the promulgation of the Indian constitution in 1950, India abolished its monarchy under the British crown and became a Republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, followed by Pakistan in 1956; as a result of both developments, the majority of the princes formally lost their sovereign rights. A few remaining principalities in Pakistan retained their autonomy until 1969 when they finally acceded to Pakistan. The Indian government formally derecognized its princely families in 1971, followed by Pakistan in 1972.
1900:
3903:
4243:
5514:
5751:
5282:
3877:
4839:
4224:
8034:
4395:
4376:
4357:
4008:
5227:
4516:
4913:
4497:
4186:
4941:
5664:
5100:
4561:
6616:
4281:
4262:
4205:
7432:
6500:
6473:
5540:
4606:
4471:
3436:
3672:
7311:
7519:
5620:
7691:
5486:
6640:
5973:
5464:
5435:
5356:
5021:
4452:
4167:
4108:
4691:
6447:
6366:
5642:
5693:
6192:
3811:
3699:
7660:
7581:
6419:
6312:
6067:
4582:
5331:
6738:
6689:
5847:
4813:
4134:
4995:
7459:
7552:
7037:
5394:
5172:
4891:
4752:
3942:
5779:
4535:
4148:
3785:
5995:
5598:
4319:
7633:
5828:
4784:
4672:
4433:
7606:
7021:
6042:
3641:
4970:
8001:
4414:
3505:
6718:
5071:
4080:
4653:
3532:
4338:
4300:
2008:
6339:
3190:, lost his throne when the country was annexed by Japan. However, the Korean royal family was mediatized as a puppet family within the Japanese imperial family. Many of the Korean royals were forcibly re-educated in Japan and forced to marry Japanese royalty and aristocrats to meld the ruling families of the two empires. With the abolition of the Japanese aristocracy and cadet branches of the imperial family, the Korean royals officially lost their remaining status.
6853:
5951:
1471:
7380:
6912:
6522:
7355:
6757:
4865:
7404:
6115:
7801:
5568:
3462:
7935:
8173:
7289:
5718:
1798:
7167:
6221:
3612:
24:
6544:
6254:
5910:
4721:
7904:
6279:
5885:
8132:
7772:
7262:
7120:
6804:
6665:
6571:
6141:
5809:
3979:
7833:
6160:
7875:
7495:
7195:
6834:
6592:
6391:
7996:
7716:
7001:
4627:
4061:
4034:
8060:
6083:
5146:
3226:; each was ruled by a prince who acknowledged the suzerainty of the Indian Emperor. The princely states ranged from powerful and largely independent principalities such as Hyderabad or Mysore, with a high level of autonomy, to tiny fiefdoms a few dozen acres (in the low tens of hectares) in size.
1666:
The city-state of Athens was ruled by monarchs in a period before the establishment of
Athenian Democracy. Most of this is either mythical or semi-historical. The Athenian monarchy was abolished and replaced with lifetime archons around 1068 BC, whose power was reduced over many years.
3368:, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, was elected and served as the Prime Minister of his country from 2001 to 2005. The only formerly communist country to have held a referendum on the monarchy was Albania, where the claimant to his father's throne, the self-styled
6026:) within the Indonesian state. However, because of political agitation and opposition from Indonesian communists that led to an anti-monarchy movement and rebellion in early 1946, both monarchies had their Special Region status revoked and were then merged into the province of
1858:
through newly passed laws. Artifacts from the colonial period depicting the
British monarchy are seldom found in the United States. However, not all sentiment equated to anti-monarchism. A normality of a monarchy at the head of a polity remained, that some Americans saw a
2727:
voting in favour. Though polling consistently showed a majority in favour of a republic, the result of the referendum was attributed to a split among republicans between those who supported the presented model and those who supported a directly elected president.
2669:
seized power and ended the monarchies. Communists in
Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania removed their monarchies with strong backing by the Soviet Union, which had many troops and supporters placed there during the course of the war. Through this,
2816:
and lent it legitimacy, but when he tried to stage a counter-coup later that year, he was defeated and forced into exile. Greece formally remained a monarchy until it was abolished by the military junta in June 1973, followed by
6699:
5802:, the Indonesian poet who was beheaded in Kuala Begumit. The family of the Sultanate of Deli and Serdang survived thanks to the protection of the Allied soldiers who were there to accept the surrender of the Japanese.
1838:(as the monarchy was a limited monarchy since 1660), the North American citizens increasingly clashed with the Parliament that did not provide seats for parliamentary representatives from North America. With the
7111:
8309:
3355:
in Brazil in 1993, voters rejected an attempt to restore the country's monarchy. Unsuccessful efforts to restore the monarchies of some of the Balkan states in the former
Eastern Bloc continue. Former King
6729:
5237:
8234:
6795:
2723:, the voters of Australia rejected a proposal to replace the constitutional monarchy with a republic with a president appointed by Parliament. The proposal was rejected in all states, with only the
2775:(EAM) as the country's largest resistance movement. As a compromise, the issue was to be determined by a referendum after the war. In the end, the threat of a post-war communist takeover led the
3364:
of Serbia had been allowed to return, gained some popularity, played largely apolitical public roles, but never came close to being restored to their ancestral thrones. However, in
Bulgaria,
3155:. Others waited longer before abolishing their monarchies, such as Pakistan, South Africa, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Malta, Trinidad and Tobago, and Mauritius. The latest country to become a
3151:
The monarchies of India, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Guyana, and Malawi were abolished shortly after they became independent of the United
Kingdom, whilst remaining within the
2439:
was subsequently proclaimed, although the
Republic of China laid claims to Outer Mongolia and was widely recognized by the international community as having sovereignty over it. In 1924, the
8565:
If most
Americans saw the danger of addressing Washington as their American Caesar – he had absolutely no interest in becoming emperor – they nevertheless found it surprisingly appealing.
5789:
5819:
7047:
6923:
6844:
5838:
2456:
World War I led to perhaps the greatest number of abolition of monarchies in history. The conditions inside the
Russian Empire and the poor performance in the war gave rise to a
8274:
8249:
6903:
6875:
5983:
3128:
was created as a separate state from the United
Kingdom; it was nominally a monarchy but transitioned towards a more republican form of government throughout its existence. The
6992:
5341:
3865:
6814:
6748:
5857:
1565:
rising from 4 to 34. Decolonisation and independence have resulted in an abolition of monarchies in a number of former colonies such as those created by the United Kingdom.
7083:
6781:
6767:
7340:, in which 81% voted to abolish the monarchy, a republic was declared in 1970. Rhodesia continued to be internationally recognised as a British colony through 1979, when
8734:
8264:
8259:
8254:
5608:
3472:
7097:
6889:
5127:
8300:
4951:
6178:
4797:
2413:
10807:
5866:
1580:
in 1947), opposition to undemocratic and hereditary institutions, perception of monarchy as anachronistic or outdated, and opposition to a particular monarch or
3343:
in 2022, anti-monarchy protests also occurred in the United Kingdom; some protesters were arrested, but were later released without further action being taken.
6125:
4823:
3622:
3013:
ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975. Cambodia's monarchy later saw an unexpected rebirth under an internationally mediated peace settlement with former king
7333:
8827:
7012:
4875:
2481:
2181:
1842:
in 1776, anti-monarchical propaganda resulted in violent protests that systematically removed symbols of monarchy. For instance, an equestrian statue of
4253:
7851:
6376:
3795:
2141:
1584:. In many colonies and former colonies, abolishing the influence of the monarchy of a colonising state is considered part of decolonisation. In many
9201:
7611:
2666:
1499:
8331:
7336:
as Rhodesia in 1965, proclaiming Elizabeth II as Queen, but she did not accept the title, nor was it recognised by any other state. Following a
9091:
8092:
7130:
4310:
2149:
2120:
8963:
4367:
3413:
1886:
9037:
9855:
9683:
9598:
9337:
3961:
3214:, it had been governed as a quasi-federation, with much of the country under the direct rule of the British monarch, who was styled as the
3105:
Many monarchies were abolished in the middle of the 20th century or later as part of the process of decolonization. This included several
2339:, died on 2 July 1909. All attempts to revive the position since his death have been met with opposition by the United States Government.
8761:
6018:
to demonstrate their support for the newly declared Republic of Indonesia. They were subsequently awarded the status of Daerah Istimewa (
8989:
8808:
7956:
9205:
8219:
4526:
4488:
3369:
2838:
1839:
1792:
1616:
2393:
sought to revive the Qing dynasty and briefly reinstalled the Xuantong Emperor to the Chinese throne; this attempt is known as the "
88:
9752:
7337:
7185:
6440:; official result: 53% in favour of republic. South Africa also withdrew from the Commonwealth, but was readmitted on 1 June 1994.
5504:
4424:
3486:
3352:
3038:
2201:
5798:
in 1946. Many kings and members of royal families in North Sumatra were murdered and robbed of property and belongings, including
5507:; official result: 99.5% in favour of termination of personal union with Denmark, 98.5% in favour of new republican constitution.
4481:
2115:
attempted to throw out the Portuguese. He failed and in turn he himself was overthrown, leading to the Portuguese installation of
60:
10070:
9237:
9215:
9211:
9139:
8279:
6409:
6105:
4677:
3133:
2061:
1056:
7385:
9342:
6437:
6354:
In 1958, the Sumbawan principalities were abolished by the Indonesian republic and replaced by a modern bureaucratic structure
4551:
4476:
2699:
2389:
with himself as the emperor; the regime failed to gain legitimacy and collapsed three months later. In 1917, the Qing loyalist
2033:
200:
41:
8357:
10122:
9677:
8551:
8495:
7737:
5708:
5519:
4707:
3902:
3361:
3137:
2771:, but the post-war fate of the monarchy was a major dividing issue for Greeks, especially with the rise of the pro-communist
2197:
1207:
1147:
67:
10087:
9307:
9166:
4507:
4462:
4386:
3187:
3170:. Most realms which abolished their monarchy did so by declaring a new constitution or amending it to remove references to
2157:
1899:
1280:
2040:
1197:
10575:
9221:
9175:
8422:
6708:
6561:
4663:
4286:
4267:
4248:
4071:
2720:
2687:
1492:
1350:
976:
667:
8379:
3218:. The remainder of the country, however, was under a form of indirect rule under him through its division into over 500
10580:
7567:
6549:
5733:
5669:
4931:
4521:
4329:
3515:
3257:
2772:
1367:
1177:
637:
74:
8853:
7267:
5936:
as from 18 April 1949, which also saw Ireland become a republic outside the British Commonwealth. Ten days later, the
2397:" in historiography. The monarchy in parts of China was restored through the Japanese-sponsored client state known as
9845:
8674:
8594:
8451:
7894:
5588:
4633:
4594:
4234:
4215:
3373:
3297:
2821:. The restoration of the monarchy was overwhelmingly defeated, after constitutional legality was restored, by a free
2541:
2378:
1851:
1640:
1611:. Since the beginning of the 20th century, restorations of monarchies have been comparatively rare. Examples are the
1457:
922:
707:
107:
7464:
4975:
2047:
10390:
9259:
9015:
8610:
8269:
7370:
7227:
6463:
6244:
5440:
5361:
5040:
4502:
4457:
4405:
4196:
3156:
3002:
2614:
2529:
1985:
1972:(1852–1870), retaining republican aspects while placing himself in the center of the state until the losses in the
1683:, in 509 BC, after his disrespect for Roman customs and the Senate as well as his use of violence to control Rome.
1325:
996:
7542:
5267:
replaced the Khanate with three normal provincial administrative districts Hami, Yihe, and Yiwu. This set off the
1237:
56:
9788:
9332:
8045:
7422:
5978:
4550:
Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the
4419:
4013:
3933:
3328:
2866:
2386:
4242:
10903:
10367:
9870:
7481:
7477:
6505:
6011:
5876:
5417:
5217:
5081:
5011:
4362:
3114:
2853:
for life with the constitutional setup essentially unchanged. Per the right the 1947 law granted him to decide
2822:
2818:
2440:
2421:
2029:
1860:
1847:
1485:
331:
45:
7172:
3175:
1252:
10204:
5474:
5177:
4348:
4066:
3757:
3578:
1946:
1945:, initially a hero of the Republican revolution, crowned himself emperor in 1804, only to be replaced by the
1788:
622:
8463:
8423:"The Restoration of a Limited Monarchy in England: Definition & History – Video & Lesson Transcript"
7450:
5513:
2919:
2019:
1232:
10858:
9840:
9828:
9347:
9254:
9196:
9181:
8244:
7623:
7529:
6052:
6019:
5933:
5469:
5445:
5375:
5031:
4901:
3268:
The 20th century also saw the formation of a number of new monarchies that still exist to this day such as
2870:
2724:
2683:
2638:
2602:
2432:
1815:
1778:
1747:
1447:
1410:
1330:
1290:
1192:
1187:
6537:
Status of the head of state was complicated, Albert Kalonji used the title of Mulopwe (God-king/Emperor).
4177:
2809:
2533:
10721:
10635:
10530:
10445:
10362:
9860:
9732:
9587:
9132:
8586:
7670:
5750:
5737:
5379:
5287:
4618:
4612:
4443:
2594:
2263:
1960:
was a clearer anti-monarchic uprising that replaced the succession of royal leaders with the short-lived
1835:
1712:
1182:
7709:
Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.
7409:
5988:
The Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.
3876:
2480:
saw various monarchist, Republican, anarchist, nationalist and socialist factions fight each other with
10868:
10783:
10372:
10270:
9171:
8207:
6858:
6478:
5741:
5281:
2513:
2255:
1904:
1819:
1784:
1716:
1680:
1608:
1285:
986:
657:
10560:
8511:
7969:
7488:
with 78.57% in favour of a republic, but was annulled after the junta was overthrown earlier in 1974.
5652:
4838:
4515:
4223:
2662:
2512:
empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of
10838:
10525:
10460:
10450:
10435:
9770:
9717:
9627:
9264:
7341:
7248:
6917:
6597:
5000:
4588:
4496:
3715:
3690:
3309:
3121:
2997:
after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial
2768:
2764:
2557:
2549:
1882:
1576:
views, eliminating a rival system potentially opposed to another incoming system (as had occurred in
1295:
1262:
1162:
1157:
827:
444:
10660:
9099:
7760:. Additionally, the Queen's portrait continued to feature on Fijian coins and banknotes until 2013.
4394:
4375:
4356:
4172:
1538:
that has succeeded in some nations that still retain monarchs, such as Sweden, Spain, and Thailand.
10280:
10260:
10225:
10178:
10132:
9484:
9300:
9191:
8178:
7914:
7791:
7500:
7469:
6576:
6433:
6211:
5728:
5182:
5136:
4896:
4855:
4774:
4643:
4305:
4090:
3365:
3058:
2931:
2878:
2801:
2749:
2737:
2675:
2573:
2436:
1913:
1834:
through boycott and condemnation of tax officials. While they were subject to the authority of the
1708:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1212:
787:
190:
81:
8033:
6670:
5226:
5190:
After the fall of Kalakani on 13 October 1929, the Emirate ended, and was replaced by the revived
4007:
2589:
World War II saw another increased number of abolition of monarchies. In 1922, Benito Mussolini's
567:
10158:
9850:
9833:
9823:
9798:
9642:
9368:
9186:
8789:
8088:
8014:
7782:
7753:
6762:
6743:
5941:
5794:
Acts of violence against the nobility reached their peak during the bloody incident known as the
5232:
5086:
5026:
4912:
4818:
4400:
4381:
4024:
3152:
3145:
2834:
2752:
led a troubled existence, until a coup restored the monarchy in 1935. The subsequent dictatorial
1938:
1751:
1531:
1345:
1335:
1300:
1016:
662:
253:
165:
34:
6396:
2524:
respectively. The monarchs of the constituent states within the German Empire, most importantly
2054:
10878:
10793:
10640:
10352:
10285:
10153:
10102:
10034:
9934:
9924:
9722:
9657:
9464:
9393:
9229:
9125:
8071:
7843:
7665:
7562:
7437:
7213:
7106:
7092:
7078:
7067:
5550:
5496:
5425:
5336:
5191:
5055:
4870:
4280:
4261:
4204:
3775:
3422:
3313:
3245:
3219:
3085:
2858:
2695:
2671:
2545:
2279:
2259:
2169:
2153:
1961:
1739:
1604:
1355:
1340:
872:
807:
356:
346:
283:
8485:
2315:
The monarchy of Tahiti came to an end in 1880 when France made it a colony and overthrew King
469:
10863:
10843:
10823:
10686:
10650:
10605:
10550:
10342:
10337:
10112:
10059:
9793:
9762:
9702:
9652:
9434:
9225:
8224:
7960:
7696:
7643:
7394:
7360:
7056:
6621:
6499:
6424:
6264:
6151:
6101:
5545:
5292:
4844:
4711:
4438:
4291:
4185:
4158:
4085:
4044:
3882:
3860:
3801:
3790:
3682:
3207:
3199:
3034:
2898:
2794:
2786:
2626:
2525:
2469:
2417:
2165:
1977:
1872:
1704:
1400:
1222:
1036:
917:
529:
509:
419:
263:
10014:
8299:
5940:
was enacted to allow republics and native monarchies to become members of the newly renamed
4940:
4470:
3435:
2572:. Both intended kings renounced their thrones after Germany's defeat in November 1918. King
2336:
10848:
10767:
10731:
10681:
10540:
10465:
10250:
10127:
9919:
9694:
9672:
9667:
9632:
9574:
9269:
7952:
7177:
6626:
6615:
6240:
6226:
6120:
6023:
5895:
5852:
5833:
5761:
5454:
5413:
5105:
5099:
4545:
4272:
4229:
4210:
3998:
3965:
3744:
3588:
3332:
3305:
3141:
2947:
2894:
2753:
2517:
2137:
2116:
1981:
1969:
1763:
1696:
1385:
1127:
1066:
429:
351:
258:
225:
9065:
8690:
Higley, John; Case, Rhonda (July 2000). "Australia: The Politics of Becoming a Republic".
7431:
5972:
4451:
4166:
8:
10873:
10818:
10655:
10645:
10630:
10620:
10585:
10515:
10430:
10400:
10347:
10064:
9818:
9813:
9712:
9707:
9474:
9429:
9388:
9293:
9233:
8358:"Royal families: The countries that feel the strongest about abolishing their monarchies"
8301:"We need to abolish the monarchy – because it's not fair on anyone, including the royals"
8239:
7920:
7442:
7366:
7233:
7150:
6631:
6490:
6472:
6349:
6165:
6047:
5929:
5915:
5736:; official result: 95% in favour of republic. Tsar Simeon II was exiled by the Communist
5723:
5703:
5663:
5647:
5539:
5404:
4980:
4658:
4560:
3984:
3913:
3677:
3566:
3211:
3080:
was overthrown in a coup, although he continued to resist his opponents until 1970. King
3010:
3006:
2923:
2915:
2873:
put the monarchy on a new constitutional basis. The existence of monarchy in Spain is an
2757:
2745:
2703:
2691:
2457:
2145:
1973:
1894:
1890:
1863:
in monarchical terms, a Caesar of the republic, was an early debate in the new republic.
1774:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1720:
1585:
1360:
1305:
1227:
1137:
1026:
539:
321:
311:
306:
195:
8937:
8887:"UAE to try 94 nationals on alleged coup d'etat plans: official - People's Daily Online"
4605:
2420:
in 1959 where the monarchy in Tibet was dissolved although it continued in exile as the
1909:
10772:
10595:
10590:
10555:
10535:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10475:
10470:
10415:
10322:
10168:
10039:
9929:
9909:
9865:
9808:
9803:
9780:
9747:
9737:
9727:
9609:
9152:
9117:
9095:
8715:
8332:"'Essentially, the monarchy is corrupt' – will republicanism survive Harry and Meghan?"
8149:
8145:
8018:
8006:
7885:
7818:
7777:
7659:
7651:
7518:
7418:
7310:
7155:
7042:
6987:
6870:
6645:
6371:
6330:
6259:
6000:
5937:
5890:
5799:
5756:
5619:
5584:
5531:
5491:
5162:
5151:
4765:
4757:
4731:
4566:
4324:
4153:
4139:
4098:
4052:
3887:
3848:
3833:
3671:
3602:
3426:
3357:
3230:
3144:, an office usually absent in monarchies. The monarchy was officially abolished by the
3129:
3106:
3073:
3030:
2975:
2842:
2679:
2618:
2461:
2394:
2304:
2193:
1997:
1727:
1593:
1557:. Abolition became more frequent in the 20th century, with the number of monarchies in
1527:
1441:
1415:
1257:
1247:
1217:
1172:
1117:
1103:
966:
907:
682:
597:
316:
7690:
6639:
6066:
5630:
5485:
5463:
5434:
5355:
5020:
4107:
3054:
In some Arab countries, coups d'état replaced monarchies with military dictatorships.
2963:
1699:
was tried for high treason, convicted and executed. This marked the conclusion of the
10798:
10788:
10751:
10625:
10610:
10485:
10455:
10425:
10420:
10395:
10332:
10327:
10317:
10188:
10137:
10024:
10019:
9742:
9378:
9363:
8861:
8719:
8707:
8670:
8590:
8579:
8547:
8491:
8447:
8191:
8153:
7855:
7757:
7557:
7329:
7325:
6943:
6932:
6884:
6823:
6809:
6790:
6776:
6452:
6446:
6365:
6322:
6146:
6131:
6097:
6088:
5795:
5784:
5770:
5678:
5625:
5603:
5399:
5330:
5156:
5122:
5090:
4881:
4849:
4803:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4572:
4191:
4124:
3969:
3947:
3893:
3829:
3725:
3631:
3249:
3070:
2959:
2874:
2805:
2477:
2362:
2358:
2300:
2185:
1934:
1876:
1811:
1700:
1644:
1612:
1589:
1523:
1452:
1425:
1202:
1142:
1122:
1006:
777:
687:
439:
336:
124:
8446:
Haley, K.H.D. (1985), Politics in the Reign of Charles II, Oxford: Basil Blackwell,
6191:
6014:, the Surakarta Sunanate and Mangkunegaran Princedom sent a letter of confidence to
5692:
3810:
3698:
2465:
2328:
1550:
722:
180:
10814:
10778:
10696:
10520:
10290:
10235:
10198:
10173:
10163:
10097:
10049:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9949:
9944:
9637:
9383:
8699:
8667:
Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting at the Constitutional Convention
8100:
7970:
Monarchies that were abolished, restored, and continue to exist in the 21st century
7880:
7749:
7733:
7580:
7524:
7299:
7205:
7200:
6898:
6839:
6694:
6510:
6418:
6311:
6202:
6197:
5961:
5814:
5698:
5641:
5366:
5321:
5307:
5206:
5076:
4789:
3952:
3908:
3709:
3495:
3481:
3452:
3336:
3293:
3215:
3125:
3077:
3066:
3014:
2983:
2943:
2654:
2610:
2606:
2473:
2267:
2202:
a plebiscite in 1993 that resulted in 86% of the votes to the republican government
2189:
1850:
were particularly affected by partisan attacks, with tens of thousands leaving for
1661:
1624:
1435:
1395:
1112:
946:
852:
752:
737:
647:
577:
484:
479:
454:
361:
341:
326:
185:
6737:
6688:
5674:
4812:
3319:
In addition, protests in support of a republican form of government took place in
2584:
2296:
1929:
1830:
developed out of a gradual revolution that began in 1765, as colonists resisted a
767:
677:
10691:
10440:
10410:
10405:
10265:
10255:
10220:
10210:
10193:
10029:
9984:
9899:
9617:
9592:
9439:
8775:
8623:
8541:
8229:
7741:
7701:
7676:
7591:
7586:
7348:
was founded in 1980, which was a member of the Commonwealth until December 2003.
7279:
7243:
7140:
7036:
7026:
6679:
6582:
6317:
6170:
5559:
5268:
5110:
4994:
4890:
4751:
4726:
4540:
4343:
3941:
3767:
3223:
3089:
3062:
3026:
2890:
2862:
2790:
2741:
2642:
2505:
2409:
2234:
1957:
1692:
1620:
1475:
1167:
1152:
792:
672:
632:
607:
587:
534:
519:
371:
366:
235:
230:
220:
175:
150:
5994:
5778:
5597:
4534:
4318:
3784:
3206:
in 1947 posed a unique problem. From 1858, when the British government replaced
2646:
572:
399:
10833:
10615:
10600:
10565:
10305:
10300:
10183:
10117:
9989:
9647:
9622:
9527:
9444:
9398:
8739:
8512:"Dispossessing Loyalists and Redistributing Property in Revolutionary New York"
8187:
7864:
7632:
7509:
6606:
6532:
6405:
6344:
6302:
6284:
6005:
5827:
4918:
4783:
4737:
4581:
4432:
4039:
3928:
3753:
3739:
3657:
3593:
3575:
3551:
3510:
3408:
3203:
3174:, with the exception of Fiji, whose monarchy was abolished in 1987 following a
3166:
With the exceptions of Ireland and India, in each case the deposed monarch was
3110:
3081:
2630:
2509:
2428:
2251:
2100:
2096:
1924:
1676:
1569:
1554:
1405:
1132:
1098:
897:
887:
842:
802:
797:
742:
732:
727:
712:
642:
627:
612:
602:
514:
414:
404:
394:
7605:
7020:
6041:
5846:
4133:
3640:
2993:
Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of
2401:
with the former Qing emperor as its leader until the final abolition in 1945.
1734:
of 1688 furthered the constitutional monarchy, restricted by laws such as the
697:
10897:
10480:
10245:
10240:
9662:
9520:
9479:
9459:
9148:
8865:
8828:"Pakatan's new Malaysia flag: Not a copycat? Turning Malaysia to a Republic?"
8711:
7909:
7551:
7533:
7458:
5956:
5393:
5253:
5171:
4969:
4113:
4079:
3704:
3504:
2998:
2967:
2593:
led to King Victor Emmanuel III appointing Mussolini Prime Minister. In 1939
2590:
2569:
2501:
2485:
2332:
2230:
2123:, the last king of the dynasty, was killed in battle against the Portuguese.
1950:
1923:
One of the most significant abolitions of monarchy in history—along with the
1827:
1806:
1600:
1588:, the monarchy may be viewed as a foreign institution running counter to the
1242:
1076:
1046:
956:
862:
857:
832:
812:
652:
524:
499:
474:
459:
449:
434:
389:
155:
131:
10009:
8235:
List of countries by date of transition to a republican system of government
8000:
7868:
dynasties. A proposal to elect future officeholders for life has been made.
7862:
republic, although all heads of state have been members of the high lineage
7232:
Last monarchs died; the realms were incorporated into the newly independent
4147:
2331:
islands of modern-day American Samoa to the United States in 1904, the last
10570:
10092:
10054:
9954:
9537:
9274:
8662:
7745:
7638:
7136:
6717:
6231:
6072:
6027:
5766:
5272:
5243:
4960:
4671:
4652:
3843:
3816:
3617:
3531:
3277:
3167:
2650:
2634:
2622:
2561:
2374:
2250:
Between 1859 and 1861, four monarchies in Southern Europe ceased to exist (
2161:
1965:
1854:. Property that remained was confiscated by each of thirteen newly created
1573:
912:
892:
877:
837:
822:
782:
717:
702:
592:
494:
160:
8703:
6338:
4337:
4299:
2889:
The monarchy of Portugal was also overthrown in 1910, two years after the
2099:, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen
10802:
10311:
10107:
9999:
9994:
9914:
9505:
9489:
9042:
8911:
8886:
8537:
7485:
6527:
5421:
5258:
4018:
3340:
2971:
2781:
2658:
2382:
2366:
2112:
1599:
In the 21st century, some countries that are monarchies have significant
1390:
927:
867:
817:
762:
557:
489:
215:
210:
8912:"King's Coronation: 21 people arrested face no further action, Met says"
6852:
5950:
4413:
2779:
republicans to ally with the monarchists; with the defeat of EAM in the
2464:
against that government in October of the same year that executed Tsar (
2316:
2007:
1470:
10357:
10295:
10214:
9454:
9419:
7597:
7379:
6911:
6723:
6289:
5312:
5264:
5070:
5050:
4829:
4118:
3561:
3542:
2776:
2565:
2495:
2489:
2218:
1855:
1843:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1430:
1420:
882:
847:
772:
757:
692:
617:
562:
464:
409:
288:
273:
6521:
4571:
Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a
2978:
and the Vietnamese monarchy. From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại served as the
2576:
lost his throne when the country became a part of Yugoslavia in 1918.
10716:
10706:
10275:
9582:
9469:
7858:(heads of state) being elected for five-year terms. The country is a
7806:
7354:
6756:
5920:
5573:
5005:
4923:
4864:
3989:
3467:
3446:
3171:
2994:
2927:
2553:
2521:
2398:
2390:
2180:
In Brazil, the monarchy was formally established in 1815 through the
1941:
was later restored several times with differing levels of authority.
1831:
902:
582:
278:
170:
7800:
7403:
6114:
5567:
3646:
3461:
2460:
which toppled the entire institution of the monarchy, followed by a
2233:
came to an end after losing a war against Britain, and its Emperor,
1797:
23:
10853:
10736:
10726:
10545:
10044:
9316:
9018:. Parliament of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana. 29 August 1969
8172:
8157:
8122:
8111:
7940:
7934:
7345:
7316:
7294:
7288:
7166:
6976:
6457:
6220:
5717:
4946:
3611:
3523:
3441:
3324:
3320:
3301:
3281:
3238:
3160:
2846:
2598:
1942:
1916:
1636:
1632:
1562:
1519:
747:
504:
268:
205:
7995:
7903:
6543:
6278:
6253:
5909:
5884:
4720:
10746:
10701:
10676:
10230:
9939:
9557:
9510:
9449:
9373:
9327:
8809:"Barbados ditches Britain's Queen Elizabeth to become a republic"
8131:
8117:
8106:
8096:
7771:
7261:
7119:
7006:
6965:
6954:
6803:
6664:
6650:
6570:
6140:
6015:
5808:
4626:
4123:
All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following
4060:
4033:
3978:
3537:
2950:, ending almost three millennia of monarchical rule in Ethiopia.
2698:. After Victor Emmanuel abdicated to save the monarchy, a narrow
1988:, slowly fizzled out over the course of the rest of the century.
1679:
was established after the overthrow of the seventh king of Rome,
1581:
1577:
8762:"Título X. De la reforma constitucional – Constitución Española"
8735:"Ten years after the referendum, we are no closer to a republic"
8059:
7874:
7832:
7494:
7194:
6833:
6591:
6390:
6159:
6082:
4802:
Monarchy deposed by a communist uprising aided by the Red Army (
3312:
on 30 November 2021 following a constitutional amendment by the
2217:
The monarchy of Burma was abolished in 1885 when the last king,
1522:
elements in government, usually hereditary. The abolition of an
10828:
10741:
10004:
9904:
9547:
9403:
8487:
Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World
8275:
2009 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines constitutional referendum
8250:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 17th century
8137:
7715:
7571:
7222:
7125:
7000:
5061:
3921:
Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.
3273:
3269:
2850:
2641:
was established under a nominal monarchy, but it was in fact a
2585:
Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Croatia
2537:
1984:, which had held a majority in the National Assembly after the
1628:
1627:
was restored in 1975; the reinstatement in 1991 of the Emir of
1561:
falling from 22 to 12 between 1914 and 2015, and the number of
1558:
1545:
leading to the extinction of the monarchy, legislative reform,
424:
8546:. New York: Simon and Schuster (published 2017). p. 120.
8543:
George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation
3057:
The monarchy of Egypt was abolished in 1953, a year after the
2536:, soon abdicated. During the war, monarchies were planned for
2443:
was established, bringing an end to the monarchy in Mongolia.
1541:
Abolition has been carried out in various ways, including via
9285:
8017:
established, then Parliament reversed itself and invited the
7838:
6298:
6182:
4988:
Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).
4959:
Sultanate abolished by the British and incorporated into the
3253:
3234:
2714:
2405:
2168:
lasted from 1864 to 1867, when it collapsed and its Emperor,
2657:
in July 1943, the monarchy in Croatia was abolished. As the
2431:
declared independence from the Qing dynasty of China in the
10711:
9552:
9542:
9532:
9515:
8613:, in which monarchist candidates barely attained any seats.
8265:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 19th century
8260:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 18th century
8255:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century
7721:
5578:
3821:
3095:
3065:, which caused him to abdicate in favour of his infant son
2370:
5145:
3009:
overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a
2833:
In Spain, the monarchy was again abolished in 1931 by the
2221:, lost his throne and the country was annexed by Britain.
8807:
Faulconbridge, Guy; Ellsworth, Brian (30 November 2022).
7756:
until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012 by
6466:; official result: 80% in favour of abolishing monarchy.
2918:
of Afghanistan was abolished after a socialist-supported
2278:
In Spain monarchy was abolished from 1873 to 1874 by the
9147:
8581:
The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans
5275:
Khan attempted to restore the heir Nasir to the throne.
3120:
The monarchy of Ireland was not abolished following the
3076:. The monarchy of Yemen was abolished in 1962 when King
2865:" became king at Franco's death in 1975, and during the
1949:
in 1815, which in turn was replaced by the more liberal
1754:, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy.
5479:
Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support in 1943.
3962:
American Insular Government over the Philippine islands
3574:
Last monarch died; the realm was incorporated into the
3379:
2812:
in April 1967. Constantine II reluctantly accepted the
2740:, the monarchy was toppled in 1924, as a result of the
8806:
7328:. An unrecognised government of the British colony of
5769:
ceded Sarawak to the British Crown, which created the
2901:, who died in exile in England in 1932 without issue.
1518:
is a legislative or revolutionary movement to abolish
1104:
7282:
after adopting a resolution establishing a republic.
3327:
the following year. In 2013, an alleged coup plot by
2904:
2414:
annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
9092:"Nepali deputy PM asks district "king" to step down"
7893:
Establishment of a federal republic approved by the
4023:
Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the
2496:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Montenegro
1912:
in 1830, featuring a depiction of the modern French
9038:"Samoa's Head of State could be appointed for life"
3252:lost his throne when the country became a state of
2182:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8689:
8578:
8210:in the 21st century, never having been abolished.
6700:Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli
3451:Abolished by the French and incorporated into the
3346:
2857:would be the future Spanish monarch, he appointed
2307:, which was annexed by the United States in 1898.
1980:and the definitive end of the monarchy in France.
1757:
7373:; official result: 70.45% in favour of republic.
7188:; official result: 81.23% in favour of republic.
7139:. It remains officially inexistant, as President
5903:Forced to abdicate and exiled by the Communists.
5686:Decision of the parliament without a referendum.
5657:The king abdicated and no successor was elected.
5635:Monarchy abolished after the surrender of Japan.
5115:Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British.
4773:Monarchy deposed by an invasion by the Red Army (
4736:Removed from power, following an uprising led by
2661:were defeated in the war, communist partisans in
2295:In 1893 foreign business leaders overthrew Queen
2192:in 1822, and was abolished in 1889, when Emperor
1686:
10895:
8990:"Ankole monarchists blame Museveni for sabotage"
8609:Compare the 1871 election results with those of
5711:; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.
2793:in 1946 resulted in a monarchist victory in the
2609:, along with the eastern European monarchies of
8651:. South Yarra: Hardie Grant Books. p. 250.
4740:and the withdrawal of German forces from Kyiv.
3832:– Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans. (
3138:left the question of Republic or monarchy vague
3069:. The monarchy of Iraq ended in 1958 when King
2625:by their dictators in World War II against the
7626:after adopting a new republican constitution.
7397:after adopting a new republican constitution.
7112:Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi
6682:after adopting a new republican constitution.
6493:after adopting a new republican constitution.
6412:; official result: 88% in favour of republic.
5558:Monarchy abolished by the Communist regime of
5135:Abolished by the French and incorporated into
2188:was a constituent state), it evolved into the
9301:
9133:
8854:"Cambodian election protests grip Phnom Penh"
8483:
2930:royal family, who declared himself the first
2579:
2200:(the status of the republic was confirmed by
1887:Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy
1826:Organized anti-monarchism in what is now the
1814:in 1875, is an iconic image representing the
1493:
8938:"Met Police arrest anti-monarchy protesters"
8661:
7480:; official result: 69.18% against monarchy.
2797:and the return of George II to the country.
2446:
1846:in New York City was toppled. Parliamentary
1723:but moderated by an independent Parliament.
8776:"Why did Nepalese people abolish monarchy?"
7679:to restore the deposed president to power.
5416:after taking over as prime minister of the
5238:Sayyid al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Idrisi al-Hasani
3229:In 1947, it was agreed that India would be
9308:
9294:
9140:
9126:
8964:"FACT CHECKER: Museveni on Ankole Kingdom"
7957:Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 2021
3233:into the independent British dominions of
3100:
2946:was overthrown in 1974 as a result of the
2819:a July referendum confirming that decision
2808:. The resulting political crisis led to a
2715:Australia (monarchy kept after referendum)
2706:and the Italian monarchy ceased to exist.
1500:
1486:
8220:Alliance of European Republican Movements
7135:Abolished by the government of President
5412:The end of the monarchy was announced by
2756:was established with the support of King
2597:and removed the reigning self-proclaimed
2095:The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the
1793:United States Declaration of Independence
1670:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
8732:
8726:
8646:
8576:
7854:, triggering a transition to subsequent
6796:Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali
6730:Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti
5014:proclaimed after the Bogd Khan's death.
4706:Throne transferred to the newly created
3148:of 1948, which came into force in 1949.
3096:Imperialism expansion and decolonisation
3017:being restored as a figurehead in 1993.
1898:
1796:
8280:2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum
7143:has opposed the kingdom's restoration.
6210:Republic proclaimed the year after the
6106:republic in the Commonwealth of Nations
5263:Upon Maqsud Shah's death in March 1930
3870:Incorporation into the French Comoros.
3714:Native monarchy abolished; replaced by
3296:was transformed into a republic by the
2760:, further delegitimizing the monarchy.
2412:government which continued through the
2266:) when they all became part of the new
1057:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
10896:
9343:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
8655:
2881:than other constitutional provisions.
2702:ended the short reign of his son King
2690:but transferred most of his powers to
9573:
9289:
9121:
8851:
8825:
8536:
6707:Incorporation into the newly created
5530:Monarchy abolished after takeover by
4708:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1208:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1148:Spanish American wars of independence
9046:. Radio New Zealand. 4 November 2021
3380:Summary table since the 20th century
3074:was killed and a republic proclaimed
3039:establishment of an Islamic republic
3029:'s rule in Iran ended following the
2966:abdicated under the pressure of the
2804:, interfered in politics during the
2637:. When Yugoslavia fell in 1941 the
2369:succeeded in overthrowing the young
2001:
1631:following abolition in 1990 and the
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
8540:(2016). "4: Voices of the People".
8464:"Stamp Act crisis and significance"
7570:; official result: 97% to become a
7541:Abolished the monarchy following a
5420:, which was collaborating with the
4664:Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg
4072:Finnish Declaration of Independence
3853:French annexation of Wadai Empire.
3339:failed. Following the accession of
3186:In 1910 the last emperor of Korea,
2688:Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy
1655:
977:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
13:
9338:List of current sovereign monarchs
8733:Steketee, Mike (31 October 2009).
8380:"Does the monarchy have a future?"
7959:, which created the office of the
7425:; country renamed to "Sri Lanka".
7334:unilaterally declared independence
5790:Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah
5320:Deposed and incorporated into the
2905:Communism, socialism, and Islamism
2653:of Nazi Germany. With the fall of
1976:led to his fall, resulting in the
1568:Motivations for abolition include
14:
10915:
9066:"Nepal votes to abolish monarchy"
8852:Hodal, Kate (16 September 2013).
7895:1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
7821:after amending its constitution.
7512:after amending its constitution.
6609:after amending its constitution.
6585:after amending its constitution.
6564:after amending its constitution.
5349:Incorporation into Saudi Arabia.
3331:to overthrow the monarchy of the
3298:1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
3263:
3109:, which were sovereign states in
3049:
2986:and did not receive the title of
2451:
2361:ceased to exist in 1912 when the
2148:'s abdication in March 1823. The
9856:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9260:Citizens for a Canadian Republic
9202:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8826:Karim, Aeshah (31 August 2012).
8382:. Dhaka Tribune. 11 January 2020
8312:from the original on 19 May 2018
8270:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
8171:
8130:
8058:
8032:
7999:
7994:
7933:
7902:
7873:
7831:
7799:
7794:. Restored in 1991 (see below).
7770:
7714:
7689:
7658:
7631:
7604:
7579:
7550:
7517:
7493:
7457:
7430:
7402:
7378:
7353:
7344:and the independent republic of
7309:
7287:
7260:
7193:
7165:
7118:
7035:
7019:
6999:
6910:
6851:
6832:
6802:
6755:
6736:
6716:
6709:People's Republic of South Yemen
6687:
6663:
6638:
6614:
6590:
6569:
6542:
6520:
6498:
6471:
6445:
6417:
6389:
6364:
6337:
6310:
6277:
6252:
6219:
6190:
6158:
6139:
6113:
6081:
6065:
6040:
5993:
5971:
5949:
5908:
5883:
5845:
5826:
5807:
5777:
5749:
5716:
5691:
5662:
5640:
5618:
5596:
5566:
5538:
5512:
5484:
5462:
5433:
5392:
5354:
5329:
5280:
5225:
5170:
5144:
5098:
5069:
5019:
4993:
4968:
4939:
4911:
4889:
4863:
4837:
4811:
4782:
4750:
4719:
4689:
4670:
4651:
4625:
4604:
4580:
4559:
4533:
4514:
4495:
4469:
4450:
4431:
4412:
4393:
4374:
4355:
4336:
4317:
4298:
4279:
4260:
4241:
4222:
4203:
4184:
4165:
4146:
4132:
4106:
4101:uniting Montenegro with Serbia.
4078:
4059:
4032:
4006:
3977:
3940:
3901:
3875:
3809:
3783:
3697:
3670:
3639:
3610:
3530:
3503:
3460:
3434:
3157:republic within the Commonwealth
2709:
2530:Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
2482:bourgeois independence movements
2327:After ceding sovereignty of the
2282:, but then restored until 1931.
2140:existed from the September 1821
2006:
1719:). After eleven years, in 1660,
1650:
1469:
997:Discourses Concerning Government
22:
9333:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
9084:
9058:
9030:
9008:
8982:
8956:
8930:
8904:
8879:
8845:
8819:
8800:
8782:
8768:
8754:
8683:
8640:
8627:American Samoa Bar Associations
8616:
8603:
8570:
8529:
8504:
8477:
5820:Shaibun Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah
5740:regime. Simeon later served as
4854:Monarchy deposed following the
4552:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3934:Mwene Mbandu Kapova I of Mbunda
3516:Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II
3347:Monarchism in former monarchies
3287:
3044:
2982:(lit. "Chief of State") of the
2867:Spanish transition to democracy
2342:
2156:was proclaimed in 1824. Due to
2080:
1758:Atlantic and French Revolutions
1721:a limited monarchy was restored
1713:a period of an English republic
1534:is a less radical form of anti-
1263:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
33:needs additional citations for
9315:
9098:. 4 March 2009. Archived from
8456:
8440:
8415:
8406:
8394:
8372:
8350:
8324:
8292:
7048:Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali
6924:Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi
6845:Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri
6297:Entered into state union with
6012:Indonesian National Revolution
5877:Political integration of India
5839:Mahmud Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah
5587:. Territories returned to the
5218:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
5082:Ali bin Hussein, King of Hejaz
3115:monarchy of the United Kingdom
2914:In 1973, the monarchy of King
2909:
2767:, George II nominally led the
2427:During the Xinhai Revolution,
2422:Central Tibetan Administration
2347:
1687:Civil War and English Republic
1621:a regency with a vacant throne
1198:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1178:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
8577:Everdell, William R. (2000).
8490:. Random House. p. 357.
8285:
7423:a new republican constitution
7228:Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof
6904:Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi
6876:Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi
6245:a new republican constitution
6102:a new republican constitution
5984:Kasim Abdul Jalil Syaifudin I
5583:Monarchy abolished after the
3758:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
3732:Incorporation into Portugal.
3579:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
3193:
2974:. This marked the end of the
2877:with much stricter rules for
2682:all lost their thrones. King
2488:, Poland and Finland and the
2373:; this marked the end of the
1789:Patriot (American Revolution)
9348:List of monarchy referendums
9255:Australian Republic Movement
8245:List of monarchy referendums
8208:monarchies continue to exist
8190:established; restored as an
7304:Later restored (see below).
6993:Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi
6384:Integration with Indonesia.
6301:after independence from the
6060:Integration with Indonesia.
6053:Syarif Hamid II of Pontianak
5966:Integration with Indonesia.
5934:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
5342:Ali II ibn Muhsin ibn Husayn
5300:Later restored (see below).
4902:Muhammad bin Talal Al Rashid
3866:Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar
2953:
2871:Spanish constitution of 1978
2861:his successor in 1969. The "
2725:Australian Capital Territory
2686:had remained King after the
2684:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
2639:Independent State of Croatia
2601:and instated their own King
2433:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1779:History of the United States
1448:Republic without republicans
1193:11 September 1922 Revolution
1188:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
9016:"Resolution No. 26 of 1969"
8790:"Nepal to Abolish Monarchy"
8669:. Ringwood (Vic): Penguin.
8587:University of Chicago Press
8516:The New York Public Library
8213:
6815:Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli
6749:Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah
5858:Sulaiman Syariful Alam Shah
5039:Monarchy restored in 1928 (
3389:
2937:
2884:
2441:Mongolian People's Republic
2142:Declaration of Independence
2126:
1840:Declaration of Independence
1836:Parliament of Great Britain
1768:
1635:; and a 1993 transition of
1183:Turkish War of Independence
1105:
10:
10920:
8647:Turnbull, Malcolm (1999).
7919:Abolished by order of the
7738:September 1987 coup d'état
7596:Communist takeover by the
7484:had been organised by the
7084:Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi
6859:Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
6782:al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman
6768:Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi
6706:
6703:
6183:People's Republic of China
5742:Prime Minister of Bulgaria
5453:Relinquished throne after
5424:and not recognized by the
4599:Monarchy never in effect.
4122:
4094:
3033:of 1979 overthrowing Shah
3003:fraudulent 1955 referendum
2789:, and the outbreak of the
2580:World War II and aftermath
2285:
1995:
1991:
1927:of 1581–1795—involved the
1905:Liberty Leading the People
1880:
1870:
1820:American Revolutionary War
1785:American Revolutionary War
1782:
1772:
1761:
1717:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1681:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1659:
1238:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
987:The Commonwealth of Oceana
10760:
10669:
10383:
10146:
10080:
9892:
9883:
9779:
9761:
9693:
9608:
9566:
9498:
9412:
9356:
9323:
9247:
9159:
8649:Fighting for the Republic
8412:Matyszak 2003, p. 41.-42.
8402:Constitution of Athens, 3
8064:
8057:
7976:
7927:
7889:
7825:
7764:
7683:
7677:French military operation
7647:
7537:
7473:
7326:its unrecognised monarchy
7320:
7274:
7254:
7249:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
7231:
7209:
6918:Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
6654:
6601:
6556:
6553:
6485:
6462:coup d'état, followed by
6428:
6400:
6380:
6358:
6326:
6129:
6104:. India became the first
6059:
6056:
6034:
5932:" under the terms of the
5924:
5793:
5682:
5609:Muhammad Tahur Muhibuddin
5554:
5500:
5449:
5386:
5212:
5198:
5131:
5035:
4984:
4955:
4927:
4879:
4769:
4744:
4598:
4544:
4489:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4480:
4468:
4117:
4048:
4043:
3993:
3956:
3920:
3917:
3825:
3748:
3686:
3664:
3473:Laurent Piukeke Taupotini
3453:Establishments in Oceania
3450:
3417:
3400:
3386:
3122:Irish war of independence
2773:National Liberation Front
2769:Greek government in exile
2765:Axis occupation of Greece
2731:
2621:were forced to join with
2558:Mindaugas II of Lithuania
2534:Wilhelm II of Württemberg
2492:winning everywhere else.
2447:World War I and aftermath
2240:
2085:
1883:French Revolutionary Wars
1866:
1641:Marxist-Leninist republic
1411:The Emperor's New Clothes
1163:5 October 1910 revolution
1158:French Revolution of 1848
181:Liberty as non-domination
9485:Self-proclaimed monarchy
7915:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista
7792:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
7098:Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi
7009:Sultanate in Hadhramaut
6890:Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi
6726:Sultanate in Hadhramaut
6212:1952 Egyptian revolution
5137:French Equatorial Africa
4554:, on 10 September 1919.
3834:Briefly restored in 1917
3366:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
3181:
2932:President of Afghanistan
2879:constitutional amendment
2828:
2750:Second Hellenic Republic
2738:modern history of Greece
2574:Nicholas I of Montenegro
2437:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
2352:
2198:republican military coup
2119:on the throne. In 1917,
1966:Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
1914:national personification
1691:Under the leadership of
1253:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1213:1952 Egyptian revolution
191:Political representation
9753:Vatican City (Holy See)
8099:) under the regency of
8089:Second Spanish Republic
8015:Commonwealth of England
7783:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
7754:Great Council of Chiefs
7748:remained recognized as
6763:Sultanate of Lower Yafa
6744:Sultanate of Upper Yafa
6272:Ordered by parliament.
5942:Commonwealth of Nations
5216:Incorporation into the
5060:Sheikhdom abolished by
4819:North Caucasian Emirate
4678:Courland and Semigallia
4025:National Protection War
3953:Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II
3656:Incorporation into the
3244:Finally, in 1975, King
3146:Republic of Ireland Act
3101:Commonwealth of Nations
3020:
2835:Second Spanish Republic
2385:briefly proclaimed the
2207:
1752:Claim of Right Act 1689
1742:. At the same time, in
1532:constitutional monarchy
1233:1969 Libyan coup d'état
1017:Discourse on Inequality
166:Consent of the governed
57:"Abolition of monarchy"
10035:Islands of Refreshment
9465:Legitimacy (political)
8832:Aeshah Adlina's Weblog
8611:the end of the century
8484:Maya Jasanoff (2012).
8072:First Spanish Republic
8019:return of the monarchy
7844:Malietoa Tanumafili II
7563:Palden Thondup Namgyal
7107:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
7093:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
7079:Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
5527:(ruled by a governor)
5192:Kingdom of Afghanistan
4798:Abdallah Khan of Khiva
4477:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4197:Frederick Augustus III
3997:Re-incorporation into
3776:Portuguese West Africa
3756:and incorporated into
3691:Republican coup d'état
3425:and incorporated into
3246:Palden Thondup Namgyal
3220:subnational monarchies
3176:series of coups d'état
2897:, ending the reign of
2859:Juan Carlos of Bourbon
2696:Armistice of Cassibile
2672:Peter II of Yugoslavia
2546:Grand Duchy of Finland
2280:First Spanish Republic
2170:Maximilian I of Mexico
2154:First Mexican Republic
2150:Provisional Government
2016:This section is empty.
1962:Second French Republic
1920:
1823:
1740:Act of Settlement 1701
1703:which resulted in the
1671:Roman Kingdom/Republic
10904:Abolition of monarchy
9846:Saint Kitts and Nevis
9435:Criticism of monarchy
9425:Abolition of monarchy
8704:10.1353/jod.2000.0058
8225:Criticism of monarchy
7961:President of Barbados
7790:Dethroned due to the
7644:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
7342:it was disestablished
7160:Sultanate abolished.
7068:Sheikhdom of al-`Irqa
7057:Sheikhdom of al-Hawra
6152:Jayachamaraja Wodeyar
6022:, similar to today's
5613:Sultanate abolished.
4712:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
4363:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4311:Frederick Augustus II
4292:Adolphus Frederick VI
3374:a two-thirds majority
3200:independence of India
3035:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
2676:Simeon II of Bulgaria
2627:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
2595:Italy invaded Albania
2526:Ludwig III of Bavaria
2377:and the start of the
2303:. They established a
2166:Second Mexican Empire
1978:French Third Republic
1902:
1881:Further information:
1873:French First Republic
1800:
1783:Further information:
1748:Convention of Estates
1705:Parliament of England
1660:Further information:
1516:abolition of monarchy
1401:Criticism of monarchy
1223:North Yemen civil war
1037:The Federalist Papers
332:Federal parliamentary
9678:United Arab Emirates
9270:New Zealand Republic
8692:Journal of Democracy
8148:proclaimed prior to
7178:Muhammad Fareed Didi
6627:Jamshid bin Abdullah
6126:Giridhar Singh Bhati
6024:Yogyakarta Sultanate
5928:Abolished the last "
5762:Charles Vyner Brooke
5414:Georgios Tsolakoglou
4952:Fumo 'Umar ibn Ahmad
4824:Uzun Hajji Saltinsky
4287:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4273:Frederick Francis IV
4268:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4249:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3999:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
3966:British North Borneo
3333:United Arab Emirates
3142:President of Ireland
3140:, but established a
3001:came to naught in a
2958:In 1945, during the
2948:Ethiopian Revolution
2849:but kept himself as
2754:4th of August Regime
2680:Michael I of Romania
2605:as its new monarch.
2196:was overthrown by a
2138:First Mexican Empire
2117:Mavura Mhande Felipe
2030:"Haitian Revolution"
1970:Second French Empire
1804:, originally titled
1764:Atlantic Revolutions
1594:national sovereignty
1386:Classical radicalism
1128:Republic of Florence
1067:Democracy in America
226:Separation of powers
201:Public participation
42:improve this article
10874:Trinidad and Tobago
10761:Commonwealth realms
10646:United Baltic Duchy
9789:Antigua and Barbuda
9781:Commonwealth realms
9475:Order of succession
9167:Antigua and Barbuda
9153:Commonwealth realms
8796:. 24 December 2007.
8240:List of last scions
7955:after adopting the
7921:Government of Nepal
7736:as a result of the
7612:Trinidad and Tobago
7543:coup d'état in 1974
7443:Mohammed Zahir Shah
7234:Republic of Senegal
6632:Zanzibar Revolution
6350:Muhammad Salahuddin
5930:monarchy of Ireland
5744:from 2001 to 2005.
5446:Victor Emmanuel III
5376:Victor Emmanuel III
5242:Incorporation into
5183:Habibullāh Kalakāni
5161:Incorporation into
5128:Rogombé-Nwèntchandi
4932:Sultanate abolished
4880:Incorporation into
4659:United Baltic Duchy
4595:Frederick Charles I
3914:Manuel III of Kongo
3892:Incorporation into
3774:Incorporation into
3630:Incorporation into
3623:Dewa Agung Jambe II
3601:Incorporation into
3567:Adeyemi I Alowolodu
3550:Incorporation into
3107:Commonwealth realms
3037:and leading to the
2924:Mohammad Daoud Khan
2916:Mohammed Zahir Shah
2758:George II of Greece
2746:Asia Minor Disaster
2663:occupied Yugoslavia
2603:Victor Emmanuel III
2237:, lost his throne.
2158:French intervention
2152:took power and the
1974:Franco-Prussian War
1947:Bourbon Restoration
1933:in 1792 during the
1895:Revolutions of 1848
1891:Revolutions of 1830
1816:patriotic sentiment
1775:American Revolution
1736:Bill of Rights 1689
1732:Glorious Revolution
1619:had been nominally
1603:movements, such as
1586:Commonwealth realms
1476:Politics portal
1281:Antigua and Barbuda
1228:Zanzibar Revolution
1138:American Revolution
1027:The Social Contract
196:Popular sovereignty
9096:Xinhua News Agency
8624:"Tufele; Young v."
8535:Note for example:
8156:; restored in the
8146:Republic of Kuwait
7989:Years of republic
7652:Iranian Revolution
7482:A prior referendum
7338:referendum in 1969
7156:Zainal Abidin Syah
7043:Sultanate of Lahej
6988:Haushabi Sultanate
6955:Mausatta Sheikhdom
6871:Sheikhdom of Shaib
6001:Surakarta Sunanate
5938:London Declaration
5800:Tengku Amir Hamzah
5585:surrender of Japan
5532:Yugoslav Partisans
5374:Throne usurped by
5163:Italian Somaliland
4766:Mohammed Alim Khan
4732:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
4522:Reuss Younger Line
4053:Russian Revolution
3888:Grigorios Vegleris
3849:Dud Murra of Wadai
3603:British Somaliland
3427:French West Africa
3358:Michael of Romania
3130:Irish Constitution
3124:in the 1920s. The
3084:was overthrown by
3059:military overthrow
3031:Iranian Revolution
3011:Communist takeover
2990:(lit. "Emperor").
2823:referendum in 1974
2700:referendum in 1946
2472:and implemented a
2395:Manchu Restoration
2337:Tui Manu'a Elisara
1998:Haitian Revolution
1921:
1824:
1728:Kingdom of England
1528:limited government
1442:Primus inter pares
1258:Nepalese Civil War
1248:Iranian Revolution
1218:14 July Revolution
1173:Russian Revolution
1168:Chinese Revolution
1118:Republic of Venice
967:Discourses on Livy
10891:
10890:
10887:
10886:
10576:Piedmont-Sardinia
10328:Sip Song Chau Tai
10138:Thirteen Colonies
9879:
9878:
9283:
9282:
8996:. 18 January 2021
8970:. 2 February 2021
8553:978-1-4516-7543-6
8538:Breen, Timothy H.
8497:978-1-4000-7547-8
8360:. QZ. 18 May 2018
8204:
8203:
8192:elective monarchy
7967:
7966:
7856:O le Ao o le Malo
7758:Frank Bainimarama
7330:Southern Rhodesia
7013:Al Husayn ibn Ali
6944:Hadrami Sheikhdom
6933:Qutaibi Sheikhdom
6824:Dathina Sheikhdom
6810:Emirate of Beihan
6791:Audhali Sultanate
6777:Muflahi Sheikhdom
6132:Republic of India
5796:Social Revolution
5771:Colony of Sarawak
5589:Republic of China
5455:Italian armistice
5157:Ali Yusuf Kenadid
5012:People's Republic
4876:Al-Hasan Bin Ayad
4856:Siege of Damascus
4828:Abolished by the
4804:Khivan Revolution
4793:
4775:Bukhara operation
4761:
4125:German Revolution
3970:Dutch East Indies
3948:Sultanate of Sulu
3830:Xinhai Revolution
3800:Abolished by the
3752:Abolished by the
3632:Dutch East Indies
3421:Abolished by the
3335:and establish an
2960:August Revolution
2875:entrenched clause
2845:declared Spain a
2806:Apostasia of 1965
2785:, the subsequent
2568:exercised by the
2542:Kingdom of Poland
2478:Russian Civil War
2462:second revolution
2418:Tibetan rebellion
2408:was ruled by the
2379:Republic of China
2363:Xinhai Revolution
2359:monarchy of China
2301:Kingdom of Hawaii
2186:Kingdom of Brazil
2078:
2077:
1935:French Revolution
1877:French Revolution
1812:Archibald Willard
1802:The Spirit of '76
1711:, and initiating
1707:overthrowing the
1701:English Civil War
1645:elective monarchy
1613:monarchy of Spain
1590:national identity
1524:absolute monarchy
1510:
1509:
1453:Republican empire
1426:List of republics
1275:National variants
1203:Spanish Civil War
1143:French Revolution
1123:Republic of Genoa
1007:The Spirit of Law
940:Theoretical works
284:Neo-republicanism
118:
117:
110:
92:
10911:
10815:Irish Free State
10581:Poland–Lithuania
9890:
9889:
9841:Papua New Guinea
9571:
9570:
9310:
9303:
9296:
9287:
9286:
9238:Northern Ireland
9142:
9135:
9128:
9119:
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9088:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9077:
9062:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9023:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8934:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8918:. 5 October 2023
8908:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8659:
8653:
8652:
8644:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8620:
8614:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8584:
8574:
8568:
8567:
8562:
8560:
8533:
8527:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8454:
8444:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8419:
8413:
8410:
8404:
8398:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8376:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8354:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8343:
8328:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8303:
8296:
8175:
8134:
8101:Francisco Franco
8062:
8036:
8003:
7998:
7974:
7973:
7937:
7906:
7877:
7835:
7803:
7774:
7718:
7693:
7662:
7635:
7608:
7583:
7554:
7530:Haile Selassie I
7521:
7497:
7461:
7434:
7406:
7382:
7357:
7313:
7300:Norodom Sihanouk
7291:
7264:
7197:
7169:
7122:
7039:
7023:
7003:
6914:
6899:Aqrabi Sheikhdom
6855:
6840:Emirate of Dhala
6836:
6806:
6759:
6740:
6720:
6695:Fadhli Sultanate
6691:
6667:
6642:
6618:
6594:
6573:
6546:
6524:
6511:Muhammad al-Badr
6502:
6475:
6449:
6421:
6393:
6368:
6341:
6314:
6281:
6256:
6223:
6194:
6162:
6143:
6130:Merged with the
6117:
6085:
6069:
6044:
5997:
5975:
5962:Mangkunegara VII
5953:
5912:
5887:
5849:
5830:
5811:
5781:
5753:
5738:Fatherland Front
5720:
5695:
5666:
5644:
5622:
5600:
5570:
5542:
5516:
5488:
5466:
5437:
5396:
5380:Italian invasion
5358:
5333:
5322:Ethiopian Empire
5284:
5229:
5174:
5148:
5102:
5073:
5056:Khaz'al al-Ka'bi
5041:Albanian Kingdom
5023:
4997:
4972:
4943:
4915:
4893:
4867:
4841:
4815:
4791:
4786:
4759:
4754:
4723:
4693:
4674:
4655:
4629:
4608:
4584:
4563:
4537:
4518:
4503:Reuss Elder Line
4499:
4473:
4458:Schaumburg-Lippe
4454:
4435:
4416:
4397:
4378:
4359:
4340:
4321:
4302:
4283:
4264:
4245:
4226:
4207:
4188:
4169:
4150:
4136:
4110:
4082:
4063:
4036:
4010:
3981:
3944:
3905:
3879:
3813:
3787:
3701:
3674:
3643:
3614:
3534:
3507:
3496:Ethiopian Empire
3464:
3438:
3384:
3383:
3362:Prince Alexander
3337:Islamic republic
3294:Kingdom of Nepal
3216:Emperor of India
3126:Irish Free State
3078:Muhammad al-Badr
3015:Norodom Sihanouk
2984:State of Vietnam
2944:Haile Selassie I
2926:, from the same
2843:Francisco Franco
2837:(1931–1939). In
2748:. The resulting
2667:occupied Albania
2506:Austro-Hungarian
2476:government. The
2474:Marxist-Leninist
2371:Xuantong Emperor
2268:Kingdom of Italy
2264:the Two Sicilies
2190:Empire of Brazil
2172:, was executed.
2073:
2070:
2064:
2018:You can help by
2010:
2002:
1968:established the
1910:Eugène Delacroix
1818:surrounding the
1709:English monarchy
1662:Classical Athens
1656:Classical Athens
1502:
1495:
1488:
1474:
1473:
1458:Republican Party
1436:Peasant republic
1396:Communitarianism
1113:Classical Athens
1108:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
952:
186:Mixed government
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
10919:
10918:
10914:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10894:
10893:
10892:
10883:
10808:princely states
10756:
10692:Kingdom of Fiji
10665:
10411:Austria-Hungary
10379:
10142:
10076:
9875:
9861:Solomon Islands
9775:
9757:
9689:
9604:
9562:
9494:
9440:Democratization
9408:
9352:
9319:
9314:
9284:
9279:
9243:
9216:2008 referendum
9206:2009 referendum
9176:1999 referendum
9155:
9146:
9116:
9115:
9105:
9103:
9102:on 4 March 2009
9090:
9089:
9085:
9075:
9073:
9064:
9063:
9059:
9049:
9047:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9021:
9019:
9014:
9013:
9009:
8999:
8997:
8988:
8987:
8983:
8973:
8971:
8962:
8961:
8957:
8947:
8945:
8936:
8935:
8931:
8921:
8919:
8910:
8909:
8905:
8895:
8893:
8885:
8884:
8880:
8870:
8868:
8850:
8846:
8836:
8834:
8824:
8820:
8805:
8801:
8788:
8787:
8783:
8778:. 13 June 2008.
8774:
8773:
8769:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8745:
8743:
8731:
8727:
8688:
8684:
8677:
8660:
8656:
8645:
8641:
8631:
8629:
8622:
8621:
8617:
8608:
8604:
8597:
8575:
8571:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8534:
8530:
8520:
8518:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8498:
8482:
8478:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8461:
8457:
8445:
8441:
8431:
8429:
8421:
8420:
8416:
8411:
8407:
8399:
8395:
8385:
8383:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8363:
8361:
8356:
8355:
8351:
8341:
8339:
8330:
8329:
8325:
8315:
8313:
8308:. 19 May 2018.
8306:The Independent
8298:
8297:
8293:
8288:
8230:Democratization
8216:
8121:
8110:
7980:Year abolished
7972:
7750:Paramount Chief
7742:Sitiveni Rabuka
7702:Charles Mumbere
7675:Dethroned by a
7592:Savang Vatthana
7421:after adopting
7141:Yoweri Museveni
7027:Mahra Sultanate
6977:Dhabi Sheikhdom
6885:Alawi Sheikhdom
6377:Falihi of Buton
6243:after adopting
6100:after adopting
5867:Princely States
5560:Josip Broz Tito
5269:Kumul Rebellion
5111:Mahmud Barzanji
4644:Regency Council
4420:Waldeck-Pyrmont
3796:Abdul Rahman II
3745:Eze Nri Òbalíke
3494:Annexed by the
3382:
3349:
3290:
3266:
3224:princely states
3196:
3184:
3134:came into force
3103:
3098:
3090:Muammar Gaddafi
3086:a military coup
3052:
3047:
3027:Pahlavi dynasty
3023:
2956:
2940:
2912:
2907:
2887:
2863:Prince of Spain
2831:
2800:The last king,
2795:1946 referendum
2791:Greek Civil War
2742:National Schism
2734:
2721:1999 referendum
2717:
2712:
2643:one party state
2587:
2582:
2498:
2484:winning in the
2454:
2449:
2410:Ganden Phodrang
2387:Empire of China
2355:
2350:
2345:
2288:
2243:
2235:Bahadur Shah II
2210:
2129:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2024:
2023:
2011:
2000:
1994:
1958:1848 Revolution
1939:French monarchy
1897:
1879:
1871:Main articles:
1869:
1795:
1781:
1773:Main articles:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1693:Oliver Cromwell
1689:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1625:Bourbon dynasty
1506:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1153:Trienio Liberal
1094:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
950:
941:
933:
932:
668:Flynn (Stephen)
553:
545:
544:
385:
377:
376:
302:
294:
293:
249:
241:
240:
236:Social equality
231:Social contract
221:Self-governance
176:Democratization
151:Anti-corruption
146:Anti-monarchism
141:
125:Politics series
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
10917:
10907:
10906:
10889:
10888:
10885:
10884:
10882:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10812:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10770:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10673:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10566:Ottoman Empire
10563:
10558:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10526:Kartli-Kakheti
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10387:
10385:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10208:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10150:
10148:
10144:
10143:
10141:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10084:
10082:
10078:
10077:
10075:
10074:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9935:Central Africa
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9896:
9894:
9887:
9881:
9880:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9873:
9871:United Kingdom
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9785:
9783:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9767:
9765:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9699:
9697:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9687:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9614:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9603:
9602:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9579:
9577:
9568:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9528:Prince regnant
9525:
9524:
9523:
9513:
9508:
9502:
9500:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9445:Decolonization
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9416:
9414:
9410:
9409:
9407:
9406:
9401:
9399:Personal union
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9369:Constitutional
9366:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9313:
9312:
9305:
9298:
9290:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9251:
9249:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9241:
9222:United Kingdom
9219:
9209:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9169:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9156:
9145:
9144:
9137:
9130:
9122:
9114:
9113:
9083:
9057:
9029:
9007:
8981:
8955:
8929:
8903:
8878:
8844:
8818:
8799:
8781:
8767:
8753:
8740:The Australian
8725:
8698:(3): 136–150.
8682:
8675:
8654:
8639:
8615:
8602:
8595:
8569:
8552:
8528:
8503:
8496:
8476:
8455:
8439:
8414:
8405:
8393:
8371:
8349:
8323:
8290:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8215:
8212:
8202:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8188:Khmer Republic
8184:
8181:
8176:
8168:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8143:
8140:
8135:
8127:
8126:
8115:
8104:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8055:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8012:
8009:
8004:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7986:Year restored
7984:
7981:
7978:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7949:
7946:
7943:
7938:
7930:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7899:
7898:
7891:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7870:
7869:
7852:Died in office
7849:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7822:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7804:
7796:
7795:
7788:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7767:
7766:
7762:
7761:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7719:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7666:Central Africa
7663:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7609:
7601:
7600:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7576:
7575:
7572:state of India
7565:
7560:
7555:
7547:
7546:
7539:
7536:
7527:
7522:
7514:
7513:
7506:
7503:
7498:
7490:
7489:
7486:military junta
7475:
7472:
7470:Constantine II
7467:
7462:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7427:
7426:
7415:
7412:
7407:
7399:
7398:
7391:
7388:
7383:
7375:
7374:
7369:pursuant to a
7363:
7358:
7350:
7349:
7322:
7319:
7314:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7265:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7183:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7162:
7161:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7024:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7004:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:Busi Sheikhdom
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6920:in Hadhramaut
6915:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:in Hadhramaut
6856:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6721:
6713:
6712:
6705:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6684:
6683:
6676:
6673:
6668:
6660:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6603:
6600:
6595:
6587:
6586:
6579:
6574:
6566:
6565:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6533:Albert Kalonji
6530:
6525:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6442:
6441:
6436:pursuant to a
6430:
6427:
6422:
6414:
6413:
6408:pursuant to a
6402:
6399:
6394:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6307:
6306:
6303:United Kingdom
6295:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6249:
6248:
6237:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6216:
6215:
6208:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6187:
6186:
6176:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6136:
6135:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6110:
6109:
6094:
6091:
6086:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6070:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6020:Special Region
6008:
6006:Pakubuwono XII
6003:
5998:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5945:
5926:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5804:
5803:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5774:
5773:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5746:
5745:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5713:
5712:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5672:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5593:
5592:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5563:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5430:
5429:
5418:Hellenic State
5410:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5372:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5277:
5276:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5133:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5037:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5016:
5015:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4919:Ottoman Empire
4916:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4738:Symon Petliura
4734:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4609:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4527:Heinrich XXVII
4524:
4519:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:Günther Victor
4479:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4401:Saxe-Altenburg
4398:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4382:Saxe-Meiningen
4379:
4371:
4370:
4368:Charles Edward
4365:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4333:
4332:
4330:Ernst Augustus
4327:
4322:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4254:William Ernest
4251:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:through 1945.
3712:
3707:
3702:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:French Comoros
3654:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3596:
3594:Nur Ahmed Aman
3591:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3552:French Dahomey
3548:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3348:
3345:
3304:abolished its
3289:
3286:
3265:
3264:New monarchies
3262:
3204:United Kingdom
3195:
3192:
3183:
3180:
3111:personal union
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3082:Idris of Libya
3051:
3050:Arab countries
3048:
3046:
3043:
3022:
3019:
2976:Nguyễn dynasty
2955:
2952:
2939:
2936:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2886:
2883:
2830:
2827:
2802:Constantine II
2733:
2730:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2631:Western allies
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2497:
2494:
2468:(Императоръ))
2453:
2452:Russian Empire
2450:
2448:
2445:
2429:Outer Mongolia
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2333:King of Manu'a
2287:
2284:
2242:
2239:
2209:
2206:
2184:(of which the
2128:
2125:
2101:Ranavalona III
2097:Merina Kingdom
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2014:
2012:
2005:
1996:Main article:
1993:
1990:
1925:Dutch Republic
1868:
1865:
1852:British Canada
1770:
1767:
1762:Main article:
1759:
1756:
1715:(known as the
1697:King Charles I
1688:
1685:
1677:Roman Republic
1672:
1669:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1615:, which since
1570:egalitarianism
1555:decolonisation
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:Egalitarianism
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1380:Related topics
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1351:United Kingdom
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Dutch Republic
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1099:Roman Republic
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
540:Wollstonecraft
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
128:
127:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10916:
10905:
10902:
10901:
10899:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10816:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10804:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10759:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10687:Easter Island
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10388:
10386:
10382:
10375:
10374:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10313:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10226:Jabal Shammar
10224:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10151:
10149:
10145:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10079:
10073:
10072:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9882:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9782:
9778:
9772:
9769:
9768:
9766:
9764:
9760:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9718:Liechtenstein
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
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9072:. 28 May 2008
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4508:Heinrich XXIV
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4349:Joachim Ernst
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3716:Japanese rule
3713:
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3420:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:Last monarch
3385:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:in 2012, and
3322:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3308:and became a
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
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3236:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:military coup
3004:
3000:
2999:South Vietnam
2996:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2891:assassination
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2814:fait accompli
2811:
2810:military coup
2807:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2710:Republicanism
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2591:March on Rome
2577:
2575:
2571:
2570:German Empire
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:The defeated
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:Baltic States
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:Liliʻuokalani
2293:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:Mughal Empire
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:In 1629, the
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032: –
2031:
2027:
2026:Find sources:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1986:1871 election
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1951:July Monarchy
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1930:Ancien Régime
1926:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:, painted by
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:United States
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:, painted by
1809:
1808:
1807:Yankee Doodle
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1651:Ancient world
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:in favour of
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:United States
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Metapolitefsi
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1077:On Revolution
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1047:Rights of Man
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
994:
989:
988:
984:
979:
978:
974:
969:
968:
964:
959:
958:
957:De re publica
954:
949:
948:
944:
943:
937:
936:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Jones (Lynne)
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:Adams (Gerry)
556:
555:
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
381:
380:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Revolutionary
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Parliamentary
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
298:
297:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
156:Civil society
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
137:
136:
133:
132:Republicanism
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
10864:South Africa
10859:Sierra Leone
10806:
10636:Two Sicilies
10571:Papal States
10371:
10310:
10203:
10069:
9884:
9829:Cook Islands
9682:
9668:Saudi Arabia
9597:
9424:
9275:Our Republic
9104:. Retrieved
9100:the original
9086:
9074:. Retrieved
9069:
9060:
9048:. Retrieved
9041:
9032:
9020:. Retrieved
9010:
8998:. Retrieved
8993:
8984:
8972:. Retrieved
8967:
8958:
8946:. Retrieved
8944:. 6 May 2023
8941:
8932:
8920:. Retrieved
8915:
8906:
8894:. Retrieved
8891:en.people.cn
8890:
8881:
8869:. Retrieved
8858:The Guardian
8857:
8847:
8835:. Retrieved
8831:
8821:
8812:
8802:
8793:
8784:
8770:
8756:
8744:. Retrieved
8738:
8728:
8695:
8691:
8685:
8666:
8663:Steve Vizard
8657:
8648:
8642:
8630:. Retrieved
8626:
8618:
8605:
8580:
8572:
8564:
8557:. Retrieved
8542:
8531:
8519:. Retrieved
8515:
8506:
8486:
8479:
8467:. Retrieved
8458:
8442:
8430:. Retrieved
8426:
8417:
8408:
8401:
8396:
8384:. Retrieved
8374:
8362:. Retrieved
8352:
8340:. Retrieved
8338:. 9 May 2018
8336:The Guardian
8335:
8326:
8314:. Retrieved
8305:
8294:
8205:
8046:Commonwealth
7953:its monarchy
7863:
7859:
7819:its monarchy
7746:Elizabeth II
7734:its monarchy
7624:its monarchy
7510:its monarchy
7419:its monarchy
7395:its monarchy
7386:Sierra Leone
7367:its monarchy
7280:its monarchy
7137:Milton Obote
7131:Gasiyonga II
6680:its monarchy
6658:coup d'état
6607:its monarchy
6583:its monarchy
6562:its monarchy
6515:coup d'état
6491:its monarchy
6434:its monarchy
6425:South Africa
6406:its monarchy
6241:its monarchy
6232:Elizabeth II
6098:its monarchy
6073:Kotawaringin
6028:Central Java
5767:White Rajahs
5524:
5293:Alfonso XIII
5244:Saudi Arabia
4961:Kenya Colony
4792:(Uzbekistan)
4760:(Uzbekistan)
4682:
4639:
4632:
4619:Mindaugas II
4611:
4587:
4387:Bernhard III
4235:Frederick II
4216:Ernest Louis
3350:
3318:
3291:
3288:21st century
3280:(1932), and
3278:Saudi Arabia
3267:
3256:following a
3243:
3228:
3210:with direct
3208:Company rule
3197:
3185:
3168:Elizabeth II
3165:
3153:Commonwealth
3150:
3119:
3104:
3056:
3053:
3045:Dictatorship
3024:
2992:
2987:
2979:
2957:
2941:
2913:
2888:
2854:
2832:
2813:
2799:
2787:White Terror
2780:
2762:
2735:
2718:
2651:puppet state
2647:Ante Pavelić
2635:Soviet Union
2588:
2562:protectorate
2550:Finnish King
2499:
2455:
2426:
2404:The area of
2403:
2375:Qing dynasty
2356:
2343:20th century
2326:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2229:In 1858 the
2228:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2162:Napoleon III
2135:
2131:
2130:
2121:Mambo Chioko
2110:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:19th century
2066:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2025:
2020:adding to it
2015:
1955:
1928:
1922:
1903:
1825:
1805:
1801:
1750:enacted the
1725:
1690:
1674:
1665:
1598:
1567:
1540:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1440:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
945:
758:Jones (Elin)
663:Flynn (Paul)
623:Clarke (Tom)
618:Clark (Katy)
563:Adams (John)
384:Philosophers
161:Civic virtue
145:
123:Part of the
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
10803:British Raj
10775:(Sri Lanka)
10661:Württemberg
10373:South Yemen
10261:Maguindanao
10154:Afghanistan
9915:Barotseland
9851:Saint Lucia
9824:New Zealand
9733:Netherlands
9506:Chhatrapati
9490:Sovereignty
9430:Aristocracy
9197:New Zealand
9106:16 November
9050:2 September
9043:RNZ Pacific
9000:3 September
8974:3 September
8585:. Chicago:
8559:24 February
8521:16 November
8469:16 November
8432:16 November
8400:Aristotle,
8206:Many other
7451:coup d'état
7438:Afghanistan
7214:coup d'état
6528:South Kasai
6331:coup d'état
6010:During the
5497:Christian X
5475:Tomislav II
5422:Third Reich
5271:, in which
5259:Maqsud Shah
5178:Afghanistan
4173:Württemberg
4045:Nicholas II
3960:Split into
3791:Riau-Lingga
3414:Askia Malla
3341:Charles III
3231:partitioned
3222:, known as
2980:Quốc Trưởng
2972:Ho Chi Minh
2920:coup d'état
2910:Afghanistan
2782:Dekemvriana
2763:During the
2659:Axis powers
2548:(to have a
2470:Nicholas II
2383:Yuan Shikai
2381:. In 1915,
2367:Sun Yat-sen
2348:Nationalism
2146:the emperor
2113:Mwenemutapa
1695:, in 1649,
1551:coup d'état
1520:monarchical
1391:Common good
1331:New Zealand
1326:Netherlands
1071:(1835–1840)
1041:(1787–1788)
951:(c. 375 BC)
873:Robespierre
648:Etherington
583:Benn (Tony)
552:Politicians
530:Tocqueville
490:Montesquieu
470:Machiavelli
216:Rule of law
211:Res publica
10869:Tanganyika
10784:The Gambia
10712:Niuē-Fekai
10651:Yugoslavia
10551:Montenegro
10358:Upper Yafa
10353:Upper Asir
9990:Madagascar
9723:Luxembourg
9455:Government
9420:Abdication
9389:Hereditary
9317:Monarchies
8948:11 October
8922:11 October
8746:6 November
8386:12 January
8364:12 January
8342:12 January
8316:12 January
8286:References
8150:annexation
7951:Abolished
7817:Abolished
7732:Abolished
7697:Rwenzururu
7622:Abolished
7598:Pathet Lao
7568:Referendum
7508:Abolished
7478:Referendum
7417:Abolished
7393:Abolished
7371:referendum
7365:Abolished
7361:The Gambia
7324:Abolished
7278:Abolished
7186:Referendum
6678:Abolished
6605:Abolished
6581:Abolished
6560:Abolished
6489:Abolished
6479:Tanganyika
6464:referendum
6438:referendum
6432:Abolished
6410:referendum
6404:Abolished
6290:Prempeh II
6239:Abolished
6096:Abolished
6093:George VI
5873:1947–1974
5734:Referendum
5709:Referendum
5704:Umberto II
5546:Yugoslavia
5520:Montenegro
5505:Referendum
5313:Abba Jofir
5265:Jin Shuren
5051:Mohammerah
5010:Communist
4871:Upper Asir
4830:Bolsheviks
4642:(ruled by
4444:Leopold IV
4178:William II
4159:Ludwig III
4119:Wilhelm II
4099:Referendum
4091:Nicholas I
4086:Montenegro
3589:Habr Yunis
3543:Agoli-agbo
3372:, lost by
3353:referendum
3314:Parliament
3258:referendum
3212:Crown rule
3194:South Asia
2777:Venizelist
2704:Umberto II
2694:after the
2566:suzerainty
2560:), with a
2514:Wilhelm II
2490:Bolsheviks
2458:revolution
2424:in India.
2416:until the
2225:South Asia
2219:Thibaw Min
2091:Madagascar
2069:April 2023
2041:newspapers
1982:Monarchism
1861:presidency
1844:George III
1601:republican
1547:revolution
1543:abdication
1536:monarchism
1431:Monarchism
1421:Liberalism
1416:Jacobinism
1106:Gaṇasaṅgha
961:(54–51 BC)
445:Harrington
322:Democratic
312:Capitalist
307:Autonomous
289:Venizelism
274:Khomeinism
98:April 2023
68:newspapers
10839:Mauritius
10732:Rarotonga
10717:Nuku Hiva
10707:Mangareva
10682:Bora Bora
10561:Neuchâtel
10531:Lithuania
10436:Catalonia
10323:Sri Lanka
10276:Manchukuo
10251:Kurdistan
10205:Indonesia
10128:Talamanca
10088:Araucanía
10071:and other
10050:Wassoulou
9794:Australia
9470:Oligarchy
9172:Australia
9022:1 October
8866:0261-3077
8720:153786108
8712:1045-5736
8427:study.com
8039:Scotland
7886:Gyanendra
7865:tamaʻāiga
7807:Mauritius
7671:Bokassa I
6323:Faisal II
6121:Jaisalmer
6048:Pontianak
5921:George VI
5896:Michael I
5729:Simeon II
5574:Manchukuo
5457:in 1943.
5405:George II
5106:Kurdistan
5087:Conquered
5032:William I
5006:Bogd Khan
4981:George II
4934:in 1922.
4924:Mehmed VI
4613:Lithuania
4546:Charles I
4425:Friedrich
4325:Brunswick
4306:Oldenburg
3990:Ali Dinar
3683:Manuel II
3468:Nuku Hiva
3447:Tamaeva V
3300:in 2008.
3202:from the
3172:the Crown
3163:in 2021.
3113:with the
3092:in 1969.
3071:Faisal II
2995:Indochina
2968:Việt Minh
2954:Indochina
2928:Musahiban
2899:Manuel II
2655:Mussolini
2554:Lithuania
2522:Mehmed VI
2518:Charles I
2466:Imperator
2399:Manchukuo
2391:Zhang Xun
1953:in 1830.
1848:loyalists
1832:stamp tax
1609:Australia
1572:and anti-
1563:republics
1286:Australia
918:Venizelos
908:Spadolini
898:Slaughter
843:McDonnell
808:Mackenzie
753:Jefferson
708:Griffiths
688:de Gaulle
683:Garibaldi
643:Drakeford
535:Warburton
455:Jefferson
450:Honderich
430:Condorcet
317:Christian
279:Nasserism
254:Classical
171:Democracy
10898:Category
10854:Rhodesia
10849:Pakistan
10768:Barbados
10737:Rimatara
10727:Rapa Iti
10656:Valencia
10631:Tavolara
10621:Scotland
10586:Portugal
10546:Moldavia
10431:Bulgaria
10426:Brittany
10401:Asturias
10281:Mongolia
10271:Maldives
10133:Trinidad
10123:Suriname
10081:Americas
10065:Zimbabwe
10060:Zanzibar
10045:Wituland
10020:Ngazidja
10015:Ndzuwani
9950:Ethiopia
9673:Thailand
9653:Malaysia
9633:Cambodia
9583:Eswatini
9379:Elective
9364:Absolute
9230:Scotland
9070:BBC News
8942:BBC News
8916:BBC News
8665:(1998).
8632:11 March
8310:Archived
8214:See also
8179:Cambodia
8158:Gulf War
8123:De facto
8112:De facto
8093:restored
7977:Country
7941:Barbados
7525:Ethiopia
7346:Zimbabwe
7317:Rhodesia
7295:Cambodia
7173:Maldives
6622:Zanzibar
6458:Kigeli V
6227:Pakistan
5724:Bulgaria
5551:Peter II
5378:, after
5001:Mongolia
4947:Wituland
4850:Faisal I
4758:Bukhara
4463:Adolf II
4406:Ernst II
4019:Hongxian
3968:and the
3861:Ndzuwani
3822:Xuantong
3678:Portugal
3524:Aceh War
3442:Rimatara
3387:Country
3329:Al Islah
3325:Cambodia
3321:Malaysia
3310:republic
3306:monarchy
3302:Barbados
3284:(1957).
3282:Malaysia
3276:(1921),
3272:(1907),
3239:Pakistan
3161:Barbados
3136:in 1937
3061:of King
2988:Hoàng Đế
2942:Emperor
2938:Ethiopia
2895:Carlos I
2893:of King
2885:Portugal
2847:monarchy
2744:and the
2633:and the
2611:Bulgaria
2599:King Zog
2317:Pōmare V
2305:republic
2194:Pedro II
2127:Americas
2107:Zimbabwe
1943:Napoleon
1917:Marianne
1769:American
1744:Scotland
1738:and the
1637:Cambodia
1633:Gulf War
1623:but the
1530:under a
1356:Scotland
1296:Barbados
947:Republic
863:Prescott
833:Naysmith
823:McKechin
783:La Malfa
778:Khomeini
738:Iorwerth
703:Griffith
678:Gambetta
673:Galloway
658:Ferguson
638:Davidson
633:Cromwell
628:Connolly
608:Campbell
525:Sunstein
510:Rousseau
505:Polybius
440:Franklin
420:Chappell
415:Cattaneo
352:People's
337:Imperial
269:Kemalism
206:Republic
140:Concepts
10844:Nigeria
10819:Ireland
10747:Tahuata
10722:Raiatea
10702:Huahine
10677:Abemama
10670:Oceania
10641:Tuscany
10596:Romania
10591:Prussia
10556:Navarre
10536:Majorca
10516:Ireland
10511:Imereti
10506:Iceland
10501:Hungary
10496:Hanover
10491:Granada
10481:Germany
10476:Georgia
10471:Galicia
10461:Finland
10451:Corsica
10446:Cilicia
10416:Bavaria
10406:Austria
10391:Albania
10363:Vietnam
10306:Sarawak
10296:Qu'aiti
10231:Kathiri
10194:Dapitan
10169:Bukhara
10118:Miskito
10040:Tunisia
10030:Shilluk
9940:Dahomey
9930:Burundi
9920:Bagirmi
9900:Adamawa
9819:Jamaica
9814:Grenada
9799:Bahamas
9763:Oceania
9713:Denmark
9708:Belgium
9703:Andorra
9618:Bahrain
9593:Morocco
9588:Lesotho
9567:Current
9558:Pharaoh
9511:Emperor
9450:Dynasty
9404:Regency
9384:Federal
9374:Diarchy
9328:Monarch
9226:England
9192:Jamaica
9182:Bahamas
9076:21 July
8994:Monitor
8968:Monitor
8813:Reuters
8118:De jure
8114:: 1975
8107:De jure
8097:de jure
8007:England
7860:de jure
7752:by the
7206:Idris I
7007:Kathiri
6724:Qu'aiti
6651:Ntare V
6646:Burundi
6550:Nigeria
6285:Ashanti
6260:Tunisia
6203:Fuad II
6181:by the
6179:Annexed
6016:Sukarno
5916:Ireland
5891:Romania
5853:Serdang
5834:Langkat
5757:Sarawak
5670:Hungary
5653:Janos I
5631:Bảo Đại
5626:Vietnam
5492:Iceland
5470:Croatia
5441:Albania
5362:Albania
5273:Yulbars
5089:by the
5027:Albania
4727:Ukraine
4710:, then
4702:Peter I
4589:Finland
4567:Hungary
4541:Austria
4154:Bavaria
4140:Prussia
4114:Germany
4067:Finland
3768:Kasanje
3754:British
3726:Angoche
3710:Sunjong
3576:British
3538:Dahomey
3409:Songhai
3188:Sunjong
3088:led by
3067:Fuad II
2970:led by
2964:Bảo Đại
2922:led by
2736:In the
2692:his son
2623:Germany
2619:Romania
2615:Hungary
2552:), and
2544:), the
2510:Ottoman
2365:led by
2299:of the
2286:Pacific
2260:Tuscany
2055:scholar
1992:Haitian
1726:In the
1639:from a
1582:dynasty
1578:Romania
1321:Morocco
1311:Jamaica
1306:Ireland
1291:Bahamas
1093:History
913:Taverne
888:Skinner
868:Ritchie
813:Madison
793:Lincoln
743:Jackson
733:Huppert
728:Hopkins
653:Fabiani
613:Chapman
598:Bolívar
588:Bennett
578:Bartley
568:Atatürk
480:Mazzini
475:Madison
405:Bentham
395:Baggini
362:Secular
342:Islamic
327:Federal
264:Federal
248:Schools
82:scholar
10879:Uganda
10829:Malawi
10794:Guyana
10773:Ceylon
10752:Tahiti
10742:Rurutu
10697:Hawaii
10626:Serbia
10611:Saxony
10601:Russia
10486:Greece
10466:France
10456:Cyprus
10441:Crimea
10421:Bosnia
10396:Aragon
10384:Europe
10348:Taiwan
10318:Sikkim
10301:Ryukyu
10286:Najran
10184:Chehab
10164:Bengal
10113:Mexico
10098:Brazil
10025:Rwanda
10005:Maravi
9905:Ankole
9893:Africa
9885:Former
9866:Tuvalu
9809:Canada
9804:Belize
9748:Sweden
9738:Norway
9728:Monaco
9695:Europe
9648:Kuwait
9643:Jordan
9628:Brunei
9623:Bhutan
9575:Africa
9548:Sultan
9499:Titles
9413:Topics
9212:Tuvalu
9187:Canada
8896:4 July
8871:4 July
8864:
8837:4 July
8718:
8710:
8673:
8593:
8550:
8494:
8450:
8138:Kuwait
8109:: 1947
8065:Spain
7983:Notes
7928:2020s
7826:2000s
7778:Kuwait
7765:1990s
7684:1980s
7558:Sikkim
7465:Greece
7410:Ceylon
7268:Guyana
7255:1970s
7223:Saloum
7151:Tidore
7126:Ankole
6671:Malawi
6577:Uganda
6453:Rwanda
6359:1960s
6147:Mysore
6035:1950s
5815:Asahan
5679:Regent
5579:Kangde
5525:Vacant
5426:Allies
5400:Greece
5387:1940s
5337:Najran
5207:Baidah
5199:1930s
5123:Orungu
5062:Persia
4976:Greece
4790:Khiva
4745:1920s
4697:Serbia
4683:Vacant
4640:Vacant
4634:Poland
4573:regent
4344:Anhalt
4192:Saxony
4040:Russia
3985:Darfur
3929:Mbunda
3894:Greece
3665:1910s
3487:Firisa
3423:French
3401:1900s
3396:Notes
3370:Leka I
3274:Jordan
3270:Bhutan
3250:Sikkim
3063:Farouk
2869:, the
2851:regent
2732:Greece
2649:and a
2645:under
2629:, the
2564:-like
2538:Poland
2502:German
2435:. The
2329:Manu'a
2323:Manu'a
2311:Tahiti
2291:Hawaii
2256:Modena
2241:Europe
2176:Brazil
2164:, the
2160:under
2144:until
2132:Mexico
2086:Africa
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2028:
1937:. The
1893:, and
1867:French
1856:States
1791:, and
1746:, the
1730:, the
1643:to an
1629:Kuwait
1559:Europe
1553:, and
1346:Sweden
1336:Norway
1301:Canada
1081:(1963)
1061:(1794)
1051:(1791)
1031:(1762)
1021:(1755)
1011:(1748)
1001:(1698)
991:(1656)
981:(1649)
971:(1531)
923:Wilson
893:Slater
883:Skates
838:Mannin
828:Mullin
803:Mackay
768:Juárez
723:Hébert
718:Hatton
713:Harvie
603:Burgon
520:Sidney
515:Sandel
500:Pettit
425:Cicero
390:Arendt
372:Soviet
367:Sister
259:Modern
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
10834:Malta
10824:Kenya
10799:India
10789:Ghana
10616:Savoy
10606:Samos
10521:Italy
10368:Yemen
10343:Tibet
10338:Syria
10291:Nepal
10266:Mahra
10246:Kumul
10241:Korea
10236:Khiva
10215:Qajar
10199:Hejaz
10189:China
10174:Burma
10103:Haiti
10093:Aztec
10010:Mwali
10000:Maore
9980:Libya
9975:Kongo
9970:Kaffa
9965:Gumma
9960:Gomma
9955:Ghana
9945:Egypt
9925:Bornu
9910:Aussa
9771:Tonga
9743:Spain
9663:Qatar
9638:Japan
9234:Wales
9160:Realm
8716:S2CID
8197:1993
8183:1970
8163:1991
8142:1990
8125:: 44
8085:1931
8077:1874
8068:1873
8050:1660
8042:1652
8024:1660
8011:1649
7948:2021
7890:2008
7881:Nepal
7848:2007
7839:Samoa
7814:1992
7787:1990
7729:1987
7706:1982
7648:1979
7619:1976
7538:1975
7501:Malta
7474:1974
7447:1973
7414:1972
7390:1971
7275:1970
7210:1969
7201:Libya
7182:1968
6704:1967
6655:1966
6602:1964
6598:Kenya
6557:1963
6506:Yemen
6486:1962
6429:1961
6397:Ghana
6381:1960
6372:Buton
6327:1958
6299:Ghana
6294:1957
6269:1957
6236:1956
6207:1953
6198:Egypt
6175:1951
6166:Tibet
6089:India
6057:1950
5925:1949
5900:1947
5699:Italy
5683:1946
5648:Gypsy
5555:1945
5501:1944
5450:1943
5409:1941
5371:1939
5367:Zog I
5346:1934
5317:1932
5308:Jimma
5297:1931
5288:Spain
5254:Kumul
5213:1930
5187:1929
5152:Hobyo
5132:1927
5077:Hejaz
5036:1925
4985:1924
4956:1923
4928:1922
4906:1921
4845:Syria
4770:1920
4439:Lippe
4230:Baden
4211:Hesse
4095:1918
4049:1917
4014:China
3994:1916
3957:1915
3918:1914
3909:Kongo
3883:Samos
3844:Wadai
3826:1912
3817:China
3802:Dutch
3749:1911
3705:Korea
3687:1910
3653:1909
3647:Mwali
3627:1908
3598:1907
3571:1905
3547:1904
3520:1903
3491:1902
3482:Gumma
3418:1901
3393:Year
3351:In a
3254:India
3235:India
3182:Korea
3132:that
2829:Spain
2719:In a
2607:Italy
2406:Tibet
2353:China
2274:Spain
2252:Parma
2246:Italy
2213:Burma
2062:JSTOR
2048:books
1605:Spain
1574:class
1361:Wales
1341:Spain
1316:Japan
903:Smith
878:Sayed
858:Pound
853:Nehru
848:Nandy
818:Magid
798:Lucas
788:Lewis
698:Grévy
693:Greer
593:Black
573:Azaña
495:Paine
465:Locke
435:Crick
410:Bodin
400:Bello
301:Types
89:JSTOR
75:books
10779:Fiji
10333:Sulu
10312:Shan
10256:Laos
10221:Iraq
10211:Iran
10179:Cebu
10159:Asir
10147:Asia
10108:Inca
10055:Yeke
9995:Mali
9985:Luba
9834:Niue
9684:list
9658:Oman
9610:Asia
9599:list
9553:Shah
9543:Tsar
9538:khan
9533:Raja
9516:King
9357:Type
9108:2022
9078:2011
9052:2024
9024:2021
9002:2024
8976:2024
8950:2023
8924:2023
8898:2023
8873:2023
8862:ISSN
8839:2023
8748:2009
8708:ISSN
8671:ISBN
8634:2021
8591:ISBN
8561:2017
8548:ISBN
8523:2022
8492:ISBN
8471:2022
8448:ISBN
8434:2022
8388:2020
8366:2020
8344:2020
8318:2020
8186:The
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