2904:, but, the case was dismissed by the court. It found that, as the Act of Settlement is part of the Canadian constitution, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as another part of the same constitution, does not have supremacy over it. Also, the court noted that, while Canada has the power to amend the line of succession to the Canadian throne, the Statute of Westminster stipulates that the agreement of the governments of the fifteen other Commonwealth realms that share the Crown would first have to be sought if Canada wished to continue its relationship with these countries. An appeal of the decision was dismissed on 16 March 2005. Some commentators state that, as a result of this, any single provincial legislature could hinder any attempts to change this Act, and by extension, to the line of succession for the shared crown of all 16 Commonwealth realms. Others contend that that is not the case, and changes to the succession instituted by an Act of the
735:
141:
232:
55:
179:
186:
2020:
245:
200:
2807:
2609:
166:
127:
155:
652:
2819:
217:
259:
1956:
113:
2537:, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy. Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: "The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom."
3222:, Australia. Cameron reportedly also proposed removing the restriction on successors being or marrying Roman Catholics; however, potential Roman Catholic successors would be required to convert to Anglicanism prior to acceding to the throne. In reaction to the letter and media coverage, Harper stated that, this time, he was "supportive" of what he saw as "reasonable modernizations".
958:(during good behaviour) and if they do not behave themselves, they can be removed only by both Houses of Parliament (or in other Commonwealth realms the one House of Parliament, depending on the legislature's structure). This provision was the result of various monarchs influencing judges' decisions, and its purpose was to assure
3251:, First Minister of Scotland, who pointed out that "It is deeply disappointing that the reform has stopped short of removing the unjustifiable barrier on a Catholic becoming monarch." On the subject, Cameron asserted: "Let me be clear, the monarch must be in communion with the Church of England because he or she is the
927:) made naturalised citizens the equal of those native born, and excluded Commonwealth citizens from the definition of foreigners, and citizens of the Irish Republic from the definition of aliens, but otherwise this provision still applies. It has however been disapplied in particular cases by a number of other statutes.
837:". This was intended to ensure the exclusion of a Roman Catholic monarch. Along with James II's perceived despotism, his religion was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution, and of the previous linked religious and succession problems which had been resolved by the joint monarchy of William III and Mary II.
3085:
and Hilton argues that "it would be intolerable to have, as the sovereign of a
Protestant and free country, one who owes any allegiance to the head of any other state" and contends that, if such situation came about, "we will have undone centuries of common law." He said that because the Roman Catholic Church
2575:
were to be faced with the problems of covering clause 2, it would find some way to conclude that, with regard to
Australia, the clause is subject solely to Australian law. Canadian scholar Richard Toporoski theorised in 1998 that "if, let us say, an alteration were to be made in the United Kingdom to
2547:
First: it "mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United
Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia"; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law, but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign
2345:
3004:
might marry a Roman
Catholic, Powell defended the provision that excludes Roman Catholics from ascending the throne, stating his objection was not rooted in religious bigotry but in political considerations. He said a Roman Catholic monarch would mean the acceptance of a source of authority external
2949:
in 1988. But St
Andrews' place in the line of succession was significantly lower than Phillips'.) Criticism of the Act of Settlement due to the Phillips–Kelly marriage was muted when Autumn Kelly converted to Anglicanism shortly before her marriage, thus preserving her husband's place in the line of
789:
at the age of 11. Thus, Anne was left as the only person in line to the throne. The Bill of Rights excluded
Catholics from the throne, which ruled out James II and his children (as well as their descendants) sired after he converted to Catholicism in 1668. However, it did not provide for the further
3084:
in 2003, defended the Act of
Settlement as not "irrational prejudice or blind bigotry", but claimed that it was passed because "the nation had learnt that when a Roman Catholic monarch is upon the throne, religious and civil liberty is lost." He points to the Pope's claiming universal jurisdiction,
903:
were to be transacted there, and all council resolutions were to be signed by those who advised and consented to them. This was because
Parliament wanted to know who was deciding policies, as sometimes councillors' signatures normally attached to resolutions were absent. This provision was repealed
2579:
In practice, when legislating for the Perth
Agreement (see below), the Australian governments took the approach of the states requesting, and referring power to, the federal government to enact the legislation on behalf of the states (under paragraph 51(xxxviii) of the Australian Constitution) and
644:. The need for this Act of Settlement was prompted by the inability of William and Mary, as well as of Mary's Protestant sister (the future Queen Anne), to produce any surviving children, and by the perceived threat posed by the pretensions to the throne by remaining Roman Catholic members of the
3229:
on 28 October 2011, the prime ministers of the other
Commonwealth realms agreed to support Cameron's proposed changes to the Act. The bill put before the Parliament of the United Kingdom would act as a model for the legislation required to be passed in at least some of the other realms, and any
2476:
acknowledges by established convention that any changes to the rules of succession may be made only with the agreement of all of the states involved, with concurrent amendments to be made by each state's parliament or parliaments. Further, as the current monarch's eldest child and, in turn, his
777:
and her Protestant descendants, and then to the Protestant descendants of William III by a possible later marriage should he outlive Mary. During the debate, the House of Lords had attempted to append Sophia and her descendants to the line of succession, but the amendment failed in the Commons.
2529:
on potential changes to their laws in the wake of amendments to the Act of Settlement. The practice of the Australian states—for example, New South Wales and Victoria—has been, when legislating to repeal some imperial statutes so far as they still applied in Australia, to provide that imperial
930:
Sixth, no person who has an office under the monarch, or receives a pension from the Crown, was to be a Member of Parliament. This provision was inserted to avoid unwelcome royal influence over the House of Commons. It remains in force, but with several exceptions; ministers of the Crown were
3067:
The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth, or other
2576:
the Act of Settlement 1701, providing for the succession of the Crown... t is my opinion that the domestic constitutional law of Australia or Papua New Guinea, for example, would provide for the succession in those countries of the same person who became Sovereign of the United Kingdom."
2940:
to address the issue of the Act's bar on Catholics, saying Phillips' marriage to Kelly would be the first time the provisions of the Act would bear directly on Canada—Phillips would be barred from acceding to the Canadian throne because he married a Roman Catholic Canadian. (In fact,
2555:
Second, it is "merely an interpretative provision", operating to ensure that references to "the Queen" in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the "sovereignty of the United Kingdom" as determined with regard to Australia, following the
773:(William of Orange, who was also James's nephew), were James's successors. The Bill of Rights also provided that the line of succession would go through Mary's Protestant descendants by William and any possible future husband should she outlive him, then through Mary's sister
686:
long before they became English. Moreover, the Act also placed limits on both the role of foreigners in the British government and the power of the monarch with respect to the Parliament of England, though some of those provisions have been altered by subsequent legislation.
2477:
eldest child, are Anglican males, any change to the succession laws would have no immediate implications. Consequently, there was little public concern with the issues and debate had been confined largely to academic circles until the November 2010 announcement that
473:
2451:
and later laws, the Act of Settlement (along with the other laws governing the succession of the Commonwealth realms) may only be changed with the agreement of all the realms (and, in some federal realms, the constituent members of those federations). The
840:
Second, if a person not native to England comes to the throne, England will not wage war for "any dominions or territories which do not belong to the Crown of England, without the consent of Parliament". This would become relevant when a member of the
793:
With religion and lineage initially decided, the ascendancy of William of Orange in 1689 would also bring his partiality to his foreign favourites that followed. By 1701 English jealousy of foreigners was rampant, and action was considered necessary.
491:
3144:
in favour of absolute primogeniture, which governs succession solely on birth order and not on sex. The issue was raised again in January 2009, when a private member's bill to amend the Act of Succession was introduced in parliament.
2993:, believe that it would lead to the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state religion if a Roman Catholic were to come to the throne. They also note that the monarch must swear to defend the faith and be a member of the
2964:
From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents Roman Catholics, or those who marry one, from ascending to the British throne. Proponents of repeal argue that the clause is a bigoted anachronism;
2442:
As well as being part of the law of the United Kingdom, the Act of Settlement was received into the laws of all the countries and territories over which the British monarch reigned. It remains part of the laws of the 15
3213:
had written to each of the prime ministers of the other fifteen Commonwealth realms, asking for their support in changing the succession to absolute primogeniture and notifying them he would raise his proposals at
3044:
declared "This realm of England is an empire" ... It would signal the beginning of the end of the British monarchy. It would portend the eventual surrender of everything that has made us, and keeps us still, a
2315:
was the youngest daughter. However in 1701 Sophia was the senior Protestant one, therefore with a legitimate claim to the English throne; Parliament passed over her Roman Catholic siblings, namely her sister
2229:. Stemming from this, the Parliament of England decided that, to ensure the stability and future prosperity of Great Britain, full union of the two parliaments and nations was essential before Anne's death.
581:, which passed in 1701. More specifically, anyone who became a Roman Catholic, or who married one, became disqualified to inherit the throne. This had the effect of deposing the remaining descendants of
2244:. This success was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms. By virtue of Article II of the
2997:, but that a Roman Catholic monarch would, like all Roman Catholics, owe allegiance to the Pope. This would, according to opponents of repeal, amount to a loss of sovereignty for the Anglican Church.
4111:
3171:
which proposed that the Act of Settlement be amended to remove the provisions relating to Roman Catholicism and change the primogeniture governing the line of succession to the British throne from
3017:
concluded, no reconciliation." Powell concluded that a Roman Catholic crown would be the destruction of the Church of England because "it would contradict the essential character of that church."
443:
2501:
that "Catholics should be able to ascend to the British throne". Ashdown claimed the Prince said: "I really can't think why we can't have Catholics on the throne". In 1998, during debate on a
3702:
1934:
in 1699 took responsibility for steering the Act through Parliament. As a result, it passed with little opposition, although five peers voted against it in the House of Lords, including the
943:
in the control of the Crown; while several offices have historically been used for this purpose, two are currently in use: appointments generally alternate between the stewardships of the
2563:
Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the
3093:
archbishops, bishops, and clergy as part of the laity and therefore "lacking the ordained authority to preach and celebrate the sacraments." (Hilton noted that the Church of Scotland's
336:
2172:
790:
succession after Anne. Parliament thus saw the need to settle the succession on Sophia and her descendants, and thereby guarantee the continuity of the Crown in the Protestant line.
428:
4341:
923:] have any Grant of Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments from the Crown, to himself or to any other or others in Trust for him". Subsequent nationality laws (today primarily the
822:
or shall profess the Popish Religion or shall marry a Papist". Thus, those who were Roman Catholics, and those who married Roman Catholics, were barred from ascending the throne.
935:
to re-enter the House upon such appointment until 1926. As a side effect, this provision means that members of the Commons seeking to resign from parliament can get around the
3053:
unanimously passed a motion in 1999 calling for the complete removal of any discrimination linked to the monarchy and the repeal of the Act of Settlement. The following year,
3331:
4224:
2354:
Since the act's passing the most senior living member of the royal family to have married a Roman Catholic, and thereby to have been removed from the line of succession, is
403:
2567:; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law.
2513:
that the Queen had "no objection to the Government's view that in determining the line of succession to the throne, daughters and sons should be treated in the same way."
4080:
722:, legislation amending the Act came into effect across the Commonwealth realms that removed the disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic and instituted
3745:
3101:
and notes that other European states have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be
4937:
2847:
911:(unless born of English parents), can be a Privy Councillor or a member of either House of Parliament, or hold "any Office or Place of Trust, either Civill [
5068:
814: – and her descendants, but it excluded "for ever" "all and every Person and Persons who ... is are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold Communion with the
3306:
2737:
3190:
responded that the issue was "not a priority for the government or for Canadians without further elaboration on the merits or drawbacks of the proposed reforms".
1017:
433:
4561:
2165:
4890:
907:
Fifth, no foreigner ("no Person born out of the Kingdoms of England Scotland or Ireland or the Dominions thereunto belonging"), even if naturalised or made a
4108:
3703:
https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/act-of-union-1707/overview/the-scottish-parliament-in-revolt-1703/
2405:
prior to the wedding. Had she not done so, Phillips would have forfeited his place in the succession upon their marriage, only to have it restored in 2015.
1942:
and three others. While many shared their opposition to a "foreign" king, the general feeling was summed up as "better a German prince than a French one".
423:
170:
5007:
368:
3120:, blocked all attempts to revise the succession laws, claiming it would raise too many constitutional issues and it was unnecessary at the time. In the
2434:, who converted on 14 January 1994, but her husband did not lose his place in the succession because she was an Anglican at the time of their marriage.
4535:
3241:
asserted that succession reform would not make the monarchy any less discriminatory. As it welcomed the gender equality reforms, the British newspaper
5113:
4476:
2894:. This, he claimed, discriminated against non-Anglicans, including Catholics, who are the largest faith group in Canada. In 2002, O'Donohue launched
2478:
2385:, converted to Roman Catholicism in 2003 and is the most senior descendant of Sophia to be barred as a result of his religion. In 2008 his daughter,
2158:
393:
383:
373:
4318:
3032:
sitting crowned upon the grave thereof", he was promulgating an enormously important truth. Authority in the Roman Church is the exertion of that
3209:, announced that the government was considering a change in the law. At approximately the same time, it was reported that British Prime Minister
3075:
2990:
4285:
985:
be pleadable to an Impeachment by the Commons in Parliament". This meant in effect that no pardon by the monarch was to save someone from being
4930:
2840:
3226:
3215:
2197:
placed its importance above the Bill of Rights of 1689. Naamani Tarkow wrote: "If one is to make sweeping statements, one may say that, save
936:
413:
1593:
5058:
4349:
1935:
1550:
1010:
4907:
2977:, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church in England, pointed out that Prince William (later the Duke of Cambridge) "can marry by law a
5123:
5118:
5063:
4709:
5108:
4923:
4702:
The act received royal assent in 1701. However, it is formally dated as 1700 in official use, such as the listing for the act in the
3252:
2887:
2833:
2725:
1318:
17:
5103:
4712:
came into force are dated by the year in which the relevant parliamentary session began, which, in this case, was 6 February 1700 (
4194:
3340:
2732:
223:
208:
4234:
3808:
5053:
2946:
2900:
2767:
2126:
1973:
5043:
4372:
3618:
3478:
3187:
2882:, a Canadian civic politician, took issue with the provisions that exclude Roman Catholics from the throne, and which make the
1003:
77:
3737:
734:
4876:
4145:
3522:
2359:
2333:
3202:
said at the time to the media that it "supports amending the Act of Settlement in order to modernize the succession rules."
2362:
in 1978; he was fifteenth in the line of succession at the time. He was restored to the line of succession in 2015 when the
715:
5128:
4009:
3121:
2321:
2959:
830:
The act contained eight additional provisions that were to only come into effect upon the death of both William and Anne:
4726:
4704:
3060:
2526:
2317:
1584:
4088:
904:
early in Queen Anne's reign, as many councillors ceased to offer advice and some stopped attending meetings altogether.
4762:
Naamani Tarkow, I. (December 1943). "The Significance of the Act of Settlement in the Evolution of English Democracy".
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1939:
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782:
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342:
31:
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1995:
986:
408:
191:
4693:, section 19(2). The short title of this Act is unusual in that it does not contain the year in which it was passed.
3097:
does not include bishops or archbishops.) Hilton said a Roman Catholic monarch would be unable to be crowned by the
2369:
The next most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who had been ineligible to succeed on this ground is
2201:(more truly, its implications), the Act of Settlement is probably the most significant statute in English history".
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3301:
3259:
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2011:
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Challenges have been made against the Act of Settlement, especially its provisions regarding Roman Catholics and
2027:
4636:
3996:
3140:
were revealed that would end the exclusion of Catholics from the throne and end the doctrine of male-preference
3072:
As the Convention nowhere lists the right to succeed to the Crown as a human right, the challenge was rejected.
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5002:
2417:
2413:
2303:) or Roman Catholic, Parliament's choice was limited to Sophia of Hanover, the Protestant daughter of the late
2106:
2076:
1977:
378:
3109:; and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.
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4713:
3195:
3172:
2522:
675:
353:
253:(1910–31; became a separate law of the Union of South Africa as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster)
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2300:
2226:
2136:
1768:
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An Act for the further Limitation of the Crown and better securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject.
190:
Canada (1867–1931; became a separate law of Canada as a consequence of Order in Council P.C. 3144 and the
5083:
4764:
4310:
4295:
3543:
3291:
3199:
2974:
2908:" with the convention of symmetry that preserves the personal unity of the British and Dominion Crowns".
2750:
2687:
2473:
2468:. However, changing the act is a complex process, since the act governs the shared succession of all the
2448:
2431:
2374:
2265:
1775:
803:
3036:
from which England in the 16th century finally and decisively declared its national independence as the
5133:
4866:
Official text of the "Act of Settlement 1700" as currently in force in the Australian Capital Territory
4845:
3654:
2682:
2647:
2481:. This raised the question of what would happen if he were to produce first a daughter and then a son.
2427:
2325:
2146:
1907:
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heirs. Sophia died less than two months before Queen Anne, and Sophia's son succeeded to the throne as
540:
267:(1922–31; became a separate law of the Irish Free State as a consequence of the Statute of Westminster)
3198:, said he supported the idea and it was reported that the government of New Zealand did, as well. The
3089:, a Roman Catholic monarch who abided by their faith's doctrine would be obliged to view Anglican and
2281:
495:
482:
3281:
2792:
2329:
1782:
1445:
881:
710:. The Act of Settlement cannot be altered in any realm except by that realm's own parliament and, by
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458:
318:
204:
2248:, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of
5098:
5078:
4977:
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3168:
3098:
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and the relevant jurisdictions within those realms. In accordance with established convention, the
2214:
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1789:
1097:
900:
667:
236:
231:
146:
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526:
4855:
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3129:
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had already lost his place in the line of succession when he married the Roman Catholic Canadian
2782:
2657:
2572:
2534:
2506:
2141:
2061:
1966:
1203:
932:
4689:, section 1 and first schedule. Due to the repeal of that provision it is now authorised by the
4257:
3105:; the Netherlands, which has a constitution requiring its monarchs be members of the Protestant
896:; because of this, and also for personal reasons, he wished to visit Hanover from time to time.
711:
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3420:
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criticized the lack of a proposal to remove the ban on Catholics sitting on the throne, as did
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exempted early on before Anne's death in order to continue some degree of royal patronage, but
770:
723:
679:
641:
574:
4831:
4129:
2264:, who died a few months after the Act received royal assent, and his Roman Catholic children,
4967:
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to have survived childhood. Elizabeth had borne nine children who reached adulthood, of whom
2131:
2041:
1559:
982:
959:
880:", without the consent of Parliament. This provision was repealed in 1716, at the request of
819:
617:
562:
468:
398:
388:
250:
67:
59:
2389:, also converted to Catholicism and was removed from the line of succession. More recently,
889:
5073:
4972:
4962:
3578:
2905:
2697:
2394:
2304:
2292:
2277:
2046:
2036:
1423:
1188:
967:
811:
594:
582:
533:
4865:
4397:
8:
4987:
4982:
3493:
3094:
3050:
3006:
2772:
2632:
2386:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2056:
1566:
1082:
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873:
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since 1603, they had remained separately governed countries, with the Act catalysing the
671:
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629:
566:
512:
438:
3132:
gained a majority of seats in the House of Commons, but the election was won by Blair's
2408:
Excluding those princesses who have married into Roman Catholic royal families, such as
714:, only with the consent of all the other realms, as it touches on the succession to the
694:, the Act of Settlement remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the
4997:
4849:
4781:
3947:
3560:
3473:
3369:
3090:
2994:
2929:
2923:, a Roman Catholic and a Canadian, discussion about the Act of Settlement was revived.
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2444:
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877:
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132:
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82:
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3164:
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The legal process required at the federal level remains, theoretically, unclear. The
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292:
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Is There a Canadian Law of Succession and Is There a Canadian Process of Amendment?
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842:
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478:
363:
264:
222:
New Zealand (1907–47; became a separate law of New Zealand as a consequence of the
4880:
4453:
3258:
The disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic was removed by the
2225:
in 1704, through which Scotland reserved the right to choose its own successor to
781:
Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry. In 1700,
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had not been consulted about the Act of Settlement, and, in response, passed the
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under the English monarch. One of the principal factors which contributed to the
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from his most junior surviving line, with the crowns descending only to her non-
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3421:"House of Lords Journal Volume 16: 12 June 1701 | British History Online"
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
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682:
was more reluctant to abandon the House of Stuart, members of which had been
543:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
4562:"PM welcomes proposal to amend rules governing the royal line of succession"
4161:
135:(1701–1800; extended by the Parliament of England to the Kingdom of Ireland)
5022:
4481:
4262:
4229:
4189:
3859:
3833:
3596:
3468:
3446:
3248:
3243:
3137:
3055:
3029:
2986:
2920:
2398:
2190:
2091:
850:
785:, who was Anne's only child to survive infancy, died of what may have been
625:
282:
3167:
Member of Parliament, introduced to the House of Commons at Westminster a
4900:
4682:
4587:
4506:
4425:
3541:
Henriques, H. S. (January 1907). "The Political Rights of English Jews".
3102:
3014:
2402:
2198:
2110:
651:
636:, a Roman Catholic, who was deposed in favour of his Protestant daughter
4870:
2295:
either childless (in the case of his two grand-daughters the late Queen
4785:
4035:
3564:
3271:
3206:
3117:
3041:
2912:
2823:
2762:
2652:
2494:
2426:) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the Act: the
1980: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1931:
908:
845:
ascended the British throne, as he would retain the territories of the
762:
707:
578:
4559:
3205:
Later the same year, the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
3059:
challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the
2401:; Kelly had been brought up as a Roman Catholic, but she converted to
3160:
2485:
2344:
2249:
862:
474:
The European Communities (Employment in the Civil Service) Order 1991
207:(1901–42; became a separate law of Australia as a consequence of the
199:
4877:"British Parliament Debates Change To The Act of Settlement of 1701"
4777:
3655:
https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol16/pp698-699#h3-0009
3556:
2818:
1955:
3445:(Summer 1998). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from
3179:. Vaz sought support for his project from the Canadian Cabinet and
2982:
2970:
1835:
940:
861:
ascended the throne, because she did not inherit Hanover under the
815:
786:
753:, the line of succession to the English throne was governed by the
602:
418:
3406:
Professor Anne Twomey – Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada?
3028:
wrote that "the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased
2985:, anyone, but not a Roman Catholic." Opponents of repeal, such as
3943:"Why Canada must take on Britain over the 1701 Act of Settlement"
3116:—was introduced in the House of Lords. The government, headed by
2339:
2296:
2237:
802:
The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the
766:
637:
632:
was the perceived assaults made on the Church of England by King
4010:"Changing the Rules of Succession and the Problem of the Realms"
2209:
The Act of Settlement was, in many ways, the major cause of the
4800:. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing. pp. 1–13.
4536:"Commonwealth leaders agree to change archaic succession rules"
3582:
3128:
promised to work towards having the prohibition removed if the
3087:
does not recognise the Church of England as an apostolic church
185:
178:
3404:
3375:(5th ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p.
899:
Fourth, all government matters within the jurisdiction of the
492:
Sovereign's Power to go Abroad (Restriction Repeated) Act 1715
4888:
Image of original act from the Parliamentary Archives website
3684:
3672:
3517:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 99.
3339:, Canadian Royal Heritage Trust, pp. 3–4, archived from
3219:
2978:
2420:, one member of the Royal Family (that is, with the style of
2284:, Queen of Sardinia, a Roman Catholic, from whom descend all
4373:"Brit asks Canada for help rewriting the rules of the Crown"
2280:, the youngest sister of James II. Henrietta's daughter was
761:
from England to France during the revolution amounted to an
4611:"Royal succession gender equality approved by Commonwealth"
2204:
4818:(2011). "Changing the Rules of Succession to the Throne".
4560:
Office of the Prime Minister of Canada (28 October 2011).
4034:. On procedure and politics. 27 April 2011. Archived from
3515:
Epidemics and Society: From the Black Death to the Present
2530:
statutes concerning the royal succession remain in force.
2548:
of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new
2193:
called the Act "the seal of our constitutional laws" and
919:
913:
4477:"Harper 'supportive' of updating royal succession rules"
4426:"Royal succession reform is being discussed, Clegg says"
3307:
Alternative successions of the English and British crown
4911:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 706–707.
4311:"End of the Anglican crown – 300 year bar to be lifted"
4225:"Catholics still barred from throne despite law change"
3660:
3005:
to the realm and "in the literal sense, foreign to the
3000:
When in December 1978 there was media speculation that
2232:
It used a combination of exclusionary legislation (the
833:
Firstly, the monarch "shall join in communion with the
160:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
4258:"A Challenge to the Crown: now is the time for change"
2543:
reviews three possible interpretations of the clause.
2525:
was reported to have reached an agreement with all of
4945:
4454:"David Cameron proposes changes to royal succession"
4079:
Bowden, James; Philippe, Lagassé (6 December 2012),
3216:
that year's Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2276:, the Act also excluded the descendants of Princess
171:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
4879:. TheRoyalist.net. 21 February 2007. Archived from
4661:
Succession to the Crown Act 2013, Explanatory Notes
3802:
3800:
3409:(Digital video). London: University College London.
745:, whose death in 1700 was the predicate for the Act
589:, as the next Protestant in line to the throne was
4871:British Monarchy web page on the Act of Settlement
4856:Text of the Act of Settlement as originally passed
3653:House of Lords Journal Volume 16: 22 May 1701, in
3368:
2571:However, Twomey expresses confidence that, if the
2334:Benedicta Henrietta, Duchess of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
666:The act played a key role in the formation of the
27:United Kingdom law disqualifying Catholic monarchs
3905:"Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900"
2969:, who was leader of the Roman Catholic Church in
384:Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act 1881
374:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914
5069:Acts of the Parliament of England still in force
5035:
5008:His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936
3797:
3715:"What do the new royal succession changes mean?"
3363:
2862:Monarchy of Canada § Succession and regency
4634:
4219:
4217:
4215:
2898:that argued the Act of Settlement violated the
2213:of Scotland with England and Wales to form the
239:(1907–49; Dominion became a province of Canada)
4820:Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper
4761:
4078:
4058:"Royal Succession rules: view from the Realms"
3809:"Leaders abandon rule on male heir succession"
3690:
3678:
3605:
3112:In December 2004, a private member's bill—the
2960:Succession to the British throne § Reform
2397:, and eleventh in line to the throne, married
2340:Removal from the succession due to Catholicism
868:Third, no monarch may leave "the dominions of
4931:
4862:: vol X: 1696/7–1703 (1764), pp. 357–60.
4342:"St Lucia backs change to laws of succession"
3783:"Queen backs historic change to who may rule"
3738:"Catholics hail Duchess of Kent's conversion"
3227:2011 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
2841:
2240:to achieve this within three years under the
2166:
1011:
414:Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010
4826:(71). University of Sydney, Faculty of Law.
4564:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
4212:
3858:
3840:. Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer
3832:
3707:
3230:changes would only first take effect if the
4198:. London: Phoenix Giant. pp. 810–812.
3122:British general election the following year
2973:, called the act an "insult" to Catholics.
966:was used prior to 1701 but did not prevent
4938:
4924:
4710:Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793
4588:"Girls equal in British throne succession"
4507:"Girls equal in British throne succession"
3936:
3934:
3498:. London: Isaac Pitman and Sons. pp.
2848:
2834:
2366:came into force, and became 34th in line.
2255:
2173:
2159:
1018:
1004:
585:, other than his Protestant granddaughter
4060:. Constitution Unit Blog. 20 October 2011
3883:
3881:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3436:
2888:Supreme Governor of the Church of England
1996:Learn how and when to remove this message
1025: Family tree of the shift from the
825:
5114:Law about religion in the United Kingdom
4742:
4195:Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell
4130:"Reforming the Succession to the Throne"
3899:
3666:
3491:
3485:
2866:In Canada, where the Act of Settlement (
2343:
2205:Union of Scotland with England and Wales
857:. This provision has been dormant since
765:of the throne and that James's daughter
733:
650:
30:For other acts with similar titles, see
4792:
4533:
4474:
4446:
4390:
4370:
4308:
4127:
3940:
3931:
3512:
3495:The First George in Hanover and England
3329:
2901:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2322:Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans
954:Seventh, judges' commissions are valid
14:
5036:
4501:
4499:
4321:from the original on 26 September 2008
4309:Wintour, Patrick (25 September 2008).
4283:
4188:
3878:
3806:
3531:
3432:
3430:
3234:were to have a daughter before a son.
3188:Office of the Prime Minister of Canada
3136:. Four years later, plans drawn up by
2683:British North America Acts (1867–1975)
2459:
2320:, and their descendants, who included
620:had confirmed the independence of the
4919:
4637:"Royal succession: Queen and country"
4339:
3735:
2911:With the announcement in 2007 of the
2456:changed many provisions of this Act.
2360:Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz
1906:
1904:
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1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
527:Text of statute as originally enacted
444:Northern Ireland (Elections) Act 1998
369:HM Declaration of Abdication Act 1936
4846:Text of the Act of Settlement (1700)
4729:had died as a 9-year-old boy in 1641
4608:
4255:
3838:"Imperial Acts Application Act 1969"
3148:
2189:have praised the Act of Settlement:
1978:adding citations to reliable sources
1949:
757:, which declared that the flight of
670:as, though England and Scotland had
541:Text of the Act of Settlement (1700)
4745:Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion
4727:Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate
4705:Chronological Table of the Statutes
4635:Editorial Board (28 October 2011).
4496:
4081:"Succeeding to the Canadian throne"
3807:Coorey, Phillip (29 October 2011).
3748:from the original on 8 October 2021
3736:Brown, Andrew (18 September 2011).
3626:House of Commons Information Office
3427:
3061:European Convention on Human Rights
2693:Succession to the Throne Act (1937)
2318:Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate
2291:With the legitimate descendants of
917:] or Military, or to [
224:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act
209:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act
24:
5059:Constitution of the United Kingdom
4609:Watt, Nicholas (28 October 2011).
4475:Cheadle, Bruce (14 October 2011).
4398:"Fresh bid to reform monarchy law"
4371:Boswell, Randy (21 January 2011).
4284:Hilton, Adrian (8 November 2003).
3941:Spector, Norman (30 August 2007).
3866:. 6. Melbourne: Government Printer
3009:... Between Roman Catholicism and
2713:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
2607:
2371:George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews
981:Eighth, that "no Pardon under the
783:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
743:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
718:. On 26 March 2015, following the
534:Revised text of statute as amended
343:Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
32:Act of Settlement (disambiguation)
25:
5145:
5124:History of Catholicism in England
5119:History of Christianity in Canada
5064:Acts of the Parliament of England
4839:
4708:, because acts passed before the
4681:The citation of this act by this
4534:Kennedy, Mark (29 October 2011).
4233:. 28 October 2011. Archived from
4134:The Crown and Canadian Federalism
3907:. 2. Westminster: Queen's Printer
3469:"The Statute of Westminster 1931"
3330:Toffoli, Gary (9 February 2013),
2953:
2489:reported on 6 November 1995 that
2437:
2377:, who married the Roman Catholic
2330:Anne Henriette, Princess of Condé
1930:administration that replaced the
409:Electoral Administration Act 2006
337:Succession to the Throne Act 2015
192:Succession to the Throne Act 1937
5109:Succession to the Canadian Crown
5018:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
4947:Succession to the British throne
4340:Cecil, Nicholas (8 March 2011).
4109:Vatican Insider, 23 January 2013
4032:"A few thoughts on the monarchy"
3302:Succession to the British throne
3260:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
2890:, requiring him or her to be an
2817:
2805:
2454:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
2364:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
2087:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
2018:
2012:Succession to the British throne
1954:
331:Succession to the Crown Act 2015
325:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
257:
243:
230:
215:
198:
184:
177:
164:
153:
139:
125:
111:
53:
5104:Succession to the British crown
4736:
4654:
4628:
4602:
4580:
4553:
4527:
4468:
4418:
4364:
4333:
4302:
4277:
4256:Dyer, Clare (6 December 2000).
4249:
4182:
4154:
4121:
4102:
4072:
4050:
4024:
4002:
3984:
3962:
3919:
3893:
3852:
3826:
3775:
3760:
3729:
3696:
3647:
3611:
3571:
3506:
3297:Royal Succession Bills and Acts
3040:, the "other empire", of which
2580:the Commonwealth of Australia.
2185:For different reasons, various
1965:needs additional citations for
865:of the German-speaking states.
5054:Constitutional laws of England
5003:Accession Declaration Act 1910
4719:
4696:
4675:
4162:"Let monarchy marry Catholics"
3717:. Royal Central. 26 March 2015
3461:
3413:
3393:
3357:
3323:
2768:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
2505:, Junior Home Office Minister
2418:Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh
2414:Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
2077:Accession Declaration Act 1910
992:
933:had to stand for a by-election
706:, whether by assumption or by
379:Accession Declaration Act 1910
13:
1:
5044:Australian constitutional law
3628:. 1 June 2008. Archived from
3608:, pp. 537–561 at p. 547.
3312:
3196:Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
2688:Statute of Westminster (1931)
2523:Australian federal government
1921:
729:
676:Union of England and Scotland
597:, she was a granddaughter of
354:Statute Law Revision Act 1950
4128:Jackson, D. Michael (2013).
3785:. BBC News. 27 February 1998
3317:
3287:List of New Zealand monarchs
3114:Succession to the Crown Bill
2516:
2503:Succession to the Crown Bill
2349:Sophia, Electress of Hanover
2137:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
976:Chief Baron of the Exchequer
925:British Nationality Act 1981
853:(Germany), then part of the
702:, but to those of the other
700:throne of the United Kingdom
449:Government of Wales Act 1998
359:British Nationality Act 1948
349:British Nationality Act 1981
7:
5129:Anti-Catholicism in England
4814:
4765:Political Science Quarterly
4590:. BBC News. 28 October 2011
4012:. University College London
3925:
3887:
3657:. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
3544:The Jewish Quarterly Review
3437:Toporoski, Richard (1998).
3292:List of Australian monarchs
3265:
3200:Monarchist League of Canada
2876:Canadian constitutional law
2479:Prince William was to marry
2474:Statute of Westminster 1931
2449:Statute of Westminster 1931
2432:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
2375:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
2127:Princess Charlotte of Wales
1776:James Francis Edward Stuart
1448:Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg
806: – a granddaughter of
804:Electress Sophia of Hanover
429:Aliens’ Employment Act 1955
404:Army and Air Force Act 1961
10:
5150:
4902:"Settlement, Act of"
3513:Snowden, Frank M. (2019).
3152:
2957:
2859:
2326:Louis Otto, Prince of Salm
2307:, the only other child of
2147:Princess Lilibet of Sussex
2100:Current line of succession
1596:Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
937:prohibition on resignation
797:
39:United Kingdom legislation
29:
4953:
4725:Her only younger sibling
3979:Superior Court of Justice
3282:List of Canadian monarchs
2793:Canadian Human Rights Act
2658:Constitutional Act (1791)
2648:Royal Proclamation (1763)
2583:
2260:In addition to excluding
1945:
1938:, his brother-in-law the
1863:
1853:
1849:
1826:
1824:
1786:
1758:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1702:
1700:
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1692:
1690:
1688:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1609:
1581:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1239:
1213:
1211:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1125:
1123:
989:by the House of Commons.
956:quamdiu se bene gesserint
561:. c. 2) is an act of the
539:
532:
525:
518:
508:
459:Northern Ireland Act 1998
319:Royal Succession Act 2013
306:
301:
291:
281:
276:
205:Commonwealth of Australia
89:
76:
66:
52:
47:
18:Act of Settlement of 1701
4978:Coronation Oath Act 1688
4668:
3864:"Imperial Acts Act 1980"
3579:"Act of Settlement 1700"
3492:Melville, Lewis (1908).
3371:The Government of Canada
3365:Macgregor Dawson, Robert
3277:List of British monarchs
3099:Archbishop of Canterbury
2975:Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor
2673:Supreme Court Act (1875)
2638:Act of Settlement (1701)
2493:had said on that day to
2299:and her successor Queen
2215:Kingdom of Great Britain
2117:William, Prince of Wales
2052:Coronation Oath Act 1688
1619:(No legitimate children)
1098:Christian III of Denmark
769:and her husband/cousin,
668:Kingdom of Great Britain
147:Kingdom of Great Britain
91:Territorial extent
5094:Monarchy of New Zealand
4908:Encyclopædia Britannica
4893:8 November 2021 at the
4743:Somerset, Anne (2012).
4716:) (6 February 1701 NS).
4691:Interpretation Act 1978
4346:London Evening Standard
4114:24 January 2013 at the
3619:"The Chiltern Hundreds"
2947:Sylvana Palma Tomaselli
2783:Canadian Bill of Rights
2738:Unsuccessful amendments
2678:Constitution Act (1886)
2668:Constitution Act (1867)
2573:High Court of Australia
2535:Australian constitution
2507:Lord Williams of Mostyn
2379:Sylvana Palma Tomaselli
2256:Succession to the Crown
2142:Prince Archie of Sussex
2062:Claim of Right Act 1689
1204:Frederick II of Denmark
5049:Constitution of Canada
4993:Act of Settlement 1701
4685:was authorised by the
4456:. BBC. 12 October 2011
4286:"The price of liberty"
4118:. Retrieved 2013-01-23
3070:
3047:
2871:
2788:Implied bill of rights
2708:Constitution Act, 1982
2643:Treaty of Paris (1763)
2628:Implied bill of rights
2621:Constitutional history
2612:
2601:Constitution of Canada
2550:sovereign of Australia
2356:Prince Michael of Kent
2351:
2219:Parliament of Scotland
2122:Prince George of Wales
2067:Act of Settlement 1701
1893:Predeceased his mother
826:Conditional provisions
746:
724:absolute primogeniture
680:Parliament of Scotland
663:
5089:Monarchy of Australia
4883:on 26 September 2007.
4860:The Statutes at Large
4687:Short Titles Act 1896
3981:(Ontario, Canada)
3977: (26 June 2003),
3813:Sydney Morning Herald
3479:The National Archives
3439:"The Invisible Crown"
3403:(18 September 2014).
3169:private member's bill
3065:
3022:
2758:Constitutional debate
2698:Letters Patent (1947)
2633:Bill of Rights (1689)
2611:
2347:
2132:Prince Louis of Wales
983:Great Seal of England
960:judicial independence
847:Electorate of Hanover
737:
654:
618:Act of Supremacy 1558
563:Parliament of England
469:Armed Forces Act 2006
434:Armed Forces Act 1966
399:South Africa Act 1962
389:Short Titles Act 1896
251:Union of South Africa
60:Parliament of England
5013:Perth Agreement 2011
3999: (16 March 2005)
2906:Parliament of Canada
2872:Acte d'Ă©tablissement
2560:, by Australian law.
2521:In October 2011 the
2466:preference for males
2395:Anne, Princess Royal
2305:Elizabeth of Bohemia
2082:Perth Agreement 2011
1974:improve this article
1189:Mary, Queen of Scots
595:House of Wittelsbach
4988:Claim of Right 1689
4983:Bill of Rights 1689
4973:Succession Act 1543
4968:Succession Act 1536
4963:Succession Act 1533
3992:O'Donohue v. Canada
3970:O’Donohue v. Canada
3691:Naamani Tarkow 1943
3679:Naamani Tarkow 1943
3606:Naamani Tarkow 1943
3346:on 27 November 2013
3253:head of that Church
3095:Presbyterian polity
3051:Scottish Parliament
3013:there is, as Saint
3007:Crown-in-Parliament
2874:) is now a part of
2773:Canadian federalism
2663:Act of Union (1840)
2470:Commonwealth realms
2460:Amendment proposals
2445:Commonwealth realms
2387:Lady Marina Windsor
2373:, the elder son of
2286:Jacobite pretenders
2057:Bill of Rights 1689
2047:Succession Act 1543
2042:Succession Act 1536
2037:Succession Act 1533
1319:Dorothea of Denmark
949:Manor of Northstead
755:Bill of Rights 1689
751:Glorious Revolution
704:Commonwealth realms
692:Bill of Rights 1689
630:Glorious Revolution
559:12 & 13 Will. 3
513:Bill of Rights 1689
439:Solicitors Act 1974
83:12 & 13 Will. 3
44:
5084:Monarchy of Canada
4850:legislation.gov.uk
4798:The English Judges
4568:on 30 October 2011
4091:on 10 January 2013
4038:on 11 October 2011
3948:The Globe and Mail
3474:legislation.gov.uk
3449:on 9 February 2008
3237:The British group
3130:Conservative Party
3091:Church of Scotland
3063:, which provides,
2995:Anglican Communion
2930:The Globe and Mail
2751:Constitutional law
2613:
2565:Australia Act 1986
2558:Australia Act 1986
2410:Marie of Edinburgh
2381:in 1988. His son,
2352:
2195:David Lindsay Keir
2187:constitutionalists
1936:Earl of Huntingdon
1889:Duke of Gloucester
1587:Elector of Hanover
970:from removing Sir
890:Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
886:Elector of Hanover
747:
664:
659:sent to Electress
611:Hanoverian dynasty
545:legislation.gov.uk
424:Air Force Act 1955
133:Kingdom of Ireland
119:Kingdom of England
42:
5134:Sophia of Hanover
5031:
5030:
4998:Act of Union 1706
4515:. 28 October 2011
4406:. 21 January 2009
4147:978-1-4597-0988-1
3975:2003 CanLII 41404
3771:, 6 November 1995
3635:on 3 October 2008
3524:978-0-300-19221-6
3232:Duke of Cambridge
3177:absolute cognatic
3149:Across the realms
2884:monarch of Canada
2858:
2857:
2812:Canada portal
2703:Canada Act (1982)
2653:Quebec Act (1774)
2328:, and his aunts;
2270:The Old Pretender
2242:Act of Union 1707
2236:), politics, and
2183:
2182:
2072:Act of Union 1706
2006:
2005:
1998:
1940:Earl of Scarsdale
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
945:Chiltern Hundreds
894:Holy Roman Empire
884:who was also the
855:Holy Roman Empire
835:Church of England
684:Scottish monarchs
661:Sophia of Hanover
657:Act of Settlement
655:Facsimile of the
626:Roman Catholicism
622:Church of England
591:Sophia of Hanover
565:that settled the
555:Act of Settlement
551:
550:
454:Scotland Act 1998
302:Other legislation
48:Act of Parliament
43:Act of Settlement
16:(Redirected from
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4359:
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2008:
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1994:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1958:
1950:
1585:Ernest Augustus,
1567:James VII and II
1431:Elizabeth Stuart
1038:
1037:
1031:House of Hanover
1020:
1013:
1006:
997:
996:
843:House of Hanover
698:not only to the
672:shared a monarch
640:and her husband
593:. Born into the
479:Regency Act 1705
364:Regency Act 1937
327:(United Kingdom)
265:Irish Free State
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5079:1701 in England
5034:
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4944:
4899:
4895:Wayback Machine
4875:
4842:
4808:
4794:Stevens, Robert
4778:10.2307/2144947
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4434:. 16 April 2011
4431:BBC News Online
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4403:BBC News Online
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3173:male-preference
3157:
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3151:
3107:House of Orange
3011:royal supremacy
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2428:Duchess of Kent
2342:
2258:
2246:Treaty of Union
2223:Act of Security
2207:
2179:
2019:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1971:
1959:
1948:
1924:
1891:
1888:
1887:Prince William,
1791:
1790:Sophia Dorothea
1595:
1594:George William,
1586:
1576:
1552:
1447:
1311:
1027:House of Stuart
1024:
995:
939:by obtaining a
849:in what is now
828:
810:and a niece of
800:
732:
720:Perth Agreement
690:Along with the
678:. However, the
646:House of Stuart
609:, starting the
577:crowns to only
521:
520:Status: Amended
504:
503:
502:
488:1 Geo. 1. St. 2
464:Courts Act 2003
394:Aliens Act 1844
313:
297:6 February 1701
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4772:(4): 537–561.
4759:
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4389:
4363:
4352:on 28 May 2011
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4237:on 30 May 2013
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4085:Ottawa Citizen
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3184:Stephen Harper
3181:Prime Minister
3159:In early 2011
3153:Main article:
3150:
3147:
3126:Michael Howard
3038:alter imperium
3020:He continued:
3002:Prince Charles
2955:
2954:United Kingdom
2952:
2938:Stephen Harper
2935:Prime Minister
2925:Norman Spector
2917:Peter Phillips
2896:a court action
2880:Tony O'Donohue
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2391:Peter Phillips
2358:, who married
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1197:
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1191:
1186:
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1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
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1120:
1118:
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1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1093:
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1087:
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1080:
1078:
1076:
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1068:
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1055:
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1045:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1000:
994:
991:
859:Queen Victoria
827:
824:
820:Church of Rome
812:King Charles I
808:James VI and I
799:
796:
749:Following the
731:
728:
599:James VI and I
549:
548:
537:
536:
530:
529:
523:
522:
519:
516:
515:
510:
506:
505:
501:
500:
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484:
476:
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451:
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431:
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396:
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371:
366:
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328:
322:
315:
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311:
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299:
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289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
274:
273:
269:
268:
254:
240:
227:
212:
195:
174:
173:(1922–present)
161:
150:
136:
122:
107:
106:
96:
95:
93:
87:
86:
80:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
58:
50:
49:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5146:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
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5087:
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5067:
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4989:
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4909:
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4889:
4886:
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4878:
4874:
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4861:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4807:1-84113-495-3
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4746:
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4722:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4706:
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4692:
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4684:
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4605:
4589:
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4563:
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4530:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4471:
4455:
4449:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4378:
4377:Vancouver Sun
4374:
4367:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4291:The Spectator
4287:
4280:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4252:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4205:0-7538-0820-X
4201:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4190:Heffer, Simon
4185:
4170:. 2 June 2002
4169:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4138:Dundurn Press
4135:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4059:
4053:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4011:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3839:
3835:
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3814:
3810:
3803:
3801:
3784:
3778:
3770:
3763:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3667:Somerset 2012
3663:
3656:
3650:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3566:
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3558:
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3550:
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3509:
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3497:
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3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3422:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3386:9780802020468
3382:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3211:David Cameron
3208:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3142:primogeniture
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:The Spectator
3078:, writing in
3077:
3076:Adrian Hilton
3073:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3026:Thomas Hobbes
3021:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:Adrian Hilton
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2903:
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2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Law of Canada
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:Document list
2722:
2721:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
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2631:
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2617:
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2606:
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2566:
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2559:
2554:
2551:
2546:
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2544:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2509:informed the
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:Paddy Ashdown
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:, the son of
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2346:
2337:
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2251:
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2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
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2125:
2123:
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2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
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2078:
2075:
2073:
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2065:
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2055:
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2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2000:
1997:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1963:This section
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1912:
1909:
1894:
1890:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1814:
1813:(No children)
1806:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1684:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1620:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1475:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1432:
1425:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1296:
1276:
1274:
1220:
1218:
1205:
1190:
1170:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1084:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
990:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
905:
902:
901:Privy Council
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
838:
836:
831:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
795:
791:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
740:
739:Princess Anne
736:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
662:
658:
653:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
607:King George I
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
528:
524:
517:
514:
511:
507:
498:
496:
494:c. 51 (1715)
493:
489:
485:
483:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
419:Army Act 1955
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
321:(New Zealand)
320:
317:
316:
309:
305:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
275:
266:
255:
252:
241:
238:
233:
228:
225:
213:
210:
206:
201:
196:
193:
187:
180:
175:
172:
167:
162:
151:
148:
137:
134:
123:
120:
109:
108:
103:
99:
94:
88:
84:
81:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
61:
51:
46:
37:
33:
19:
5023:Regency Acts
4992:
4906:
4881:the original
4859:
4823:
4819:
4816:Twomey, Anne
4797:
4769:
4763:
4744:
4737:Bibliography
4721:
4703:
4698:
4677:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4641:The Guardian
4640:
4630:
4618:. Retrieved
4615:The Guardian
4614:
4604:
4592:. Retrieved
4582:
4570:. Retrieved
4566:the original
4555:
4543:. Retrieved
4539:
4529:
4517:. Retrieved
4510:
4486:. Retrieved
4482:Toronto Star
4480:
4470:
4458:. Retrieved
4448:
4438:19 September
4436:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4401:
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4376:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4350:the original
4345:
4335:
4325:25 September
4323:. Retrieved
4315:The Guardian
4314:
4304:
4296:the original
4289:
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4263:The Guardian
4261:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4235:the original
4230:The Scotsman
4228:
4193:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4165:
4156:
4133:
4123:
4104:
4093:, retrieved
4089:the original
4084:
4074:
4062:. Retrieved
4052:
4040:. Retrieved
4036:the original
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
4004:
3990:
3986:
3968:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3946:
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3895:
3868:. Retrieved
3860:Elizabeth II
3854:
3842:. Retrieved
3834:Elizabeth II
3828:
3816:. Retrieved
3812:
3787:. Retrieved
3777:
3768:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3741:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3709:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3630:the original
3625:
3613:
3586:. Retrieved
3573:
3548:
3542:
3514:
3508:
3494:
3487:
3472:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3447:the original
3442:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3370:
3359:
3348:, retrieved
3341:the original
3332:
3325:
3257:
3249:Alex Salmond
3244:The Guardian
3242:
3236:
3224:
3204:
3158:
3138:Chris Bryant
3134:Labour Party
3111:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3056:The Guardian
3054:
3048:
3037:
3033:
3030:Roman Empire
3023:
3019:
2999:
2987:Enoch Powell
2963:
2950:succession.
2928:
2921:Autumn Kelly
2910:
2899:
2865:
2803:
2637:
2578:
2570:
2539:
2532:
2520:
2484:
2483:
2463:
2441:
2421:
2407:
2399:Autumn Kelly
2368:
2353:
2309:King James I
2290:
2288:after 1807.
2269:
2266:Prince James
2259:
2231:
2208:
2191:Henry Hallam
2184:
2105:
2092:Regency Acts
2066:
1992:
1986:January 2011
1983:
1972:Please help
1967:verification
1964:
1925:
1892:
1833:
1812:
1713:
1618:
1573:
1057:
980:
955:
953:
929:
918:
912:
906:
898:
888:and Duke of
867:
851:Lower Saxony
839:
832:
829:
801:
792:
780:
748:
716:shared crown
689:
665:
656:
615:
613:in Britain.
554:
552:
293:Commencement
287:12 June 1701
283:Royal assent
237:Newfoundland
36:
5074:1701 in law
4955:Legislation
4683:short title
4136:. Toronto:
3928:, pp. 14–16
3767:"Article",
3481:, 1931 c. 4
3401:Anne Twomey
3350:12 February
3218:(CHOGM) in
3015:Thomas More
2541:Anne Twomey
2403:Anglicanism
2199:Magna Carta
2111:Charles III
2028:Legislation
1755:William III
993:Family tree
972:John Walter
947:and of the
892:within the
771:William III
642:William III
579:Protestants
333:(Australia)
149:(1707–1800)
121:(1701–1707)
5038:Categories
4747:. Harper.
4646:29 October
4620:29 October
4594:28 October
4572:29 October
4545:29 October
4519:28 October
4488:14 October
4460:14 October
4410:29 October
4382:22 January
4269:16 January
4241:29 October
4095:6 December
3954:29 October
3911:31 October
3870:30 October
3844:30 October
3818:29 October
3588:20 October
3313:References
3272:Jacobitism
3207:Nick Clegg
3186:, but the
3118:Tony Blair
3042:Henry VIII
2958:See also:
2927:called in
2913:engagement
2860:See also:
2763:Patriation
2733:Amendments
2527:the states
2495:Tony Blair
2430:, wife of
2272:) and the
2227:Queen Anne
1932:Whig Junto
1922:Opposition
1577:of Hanover
1560:Charles II
1312:of Denmark
863:Salic Laws
763:abdication
730:Background
712:convention
708:patriation
696:succession
567:succession
509:Relates to
499:and others
339:(Barbados)
307:Amended by
68:Long title
4064:9 January
4042:9 January
4016:9 January
3890:, pp. 8–9
3769:The Times
3318:Citations
3161:Keith Vaz
3103:Lutherans
2517:Australia
2486:The Times
2293:Charles I
2278:Henrietta
2252:as well.
2250:Scots law
1908:George II
1424:Charles I
987:impeached
968:Charles I
583:Charles I
104:initially
4891:Archived
4796:(2002).
4356:14 March
4319:Archived
4192:(1999).
4174:30 March
4112:Archived
3903:(1901).
3901:Victoria
3862:(1980).
3836:(1969).
3752:12 March
3746:Archived
3721:30 March
3367:(1970).
3266:See also
3239:Republic
3034:imperium
2983:Buddhist
2971:Scotland
2892:Anglican
2593:a series
2591:Part of
2262:James II
1836:Claimant
1792:of Celle
1783:George I
941:sinecure
882:George I
874:Scotland
787:smallpox
759:James II
634:James II
603:Catholic
481:, s. 27
345:(Canada)
78:Citation
4832:1943287
4786:2144947
3995:,
3973:,
3639:12 June
3565:1451130
3225:At the
3068:status.
3045:nation.
2297:Mary II
2238:bribery
2107:Monarch
1762:Mary II
1714:HANOVER
1446:George,
1083:James V
1029:to the
962:. This
909:denizen
878:Ireland
870:England
798:The act
767:Mary II
638:Mary II
571:English
569:to the
312:Various
102:Ireland
98:England
4830:
4804:
4784:
4751:
4202:
4144:
3926:Twomey
3888:Twomey
3789:5 July
3583:BAILII
3563:
3521:
3453:16 May
3383:
3165:Labour
2868:French
2595:on the
2584:Canada
2472:. The
2332:, and
2313:Sophia
2217:. The
1946:Legacy
1575:Sophia
1058:STUART
964:patent
262:
248:
220:
158:
144:
130:
116:
85:. c. 2
4782:JSTOR
4669:Notes
3633:(PDF)
3622:(PDF)
3561:JSTOR
3502:–131.
3344:(PDF)
3337:(PDF)
3220:Perth
3024:When
2979:Hindu
2211:union
1551:Mary,
876:, or
741:with
624:from
575:Irish
277:Dates
4828:SSRN
4802:ISBN
4749:ISBN
4648:2011
4622:2011
4596:2011
4574:2011
4547:2011
4521:2011
4490:2011
4462:2011
4440:2011
4412:2011
4384:2011
4358:2011
4327:2008
4271:2010
4243:2011
4200:ISBN
4176:2010
4142:ISBN
4097:2012
4066:2012
4044:2012
4018:2012
3956:2011
3913:2011
3872:2011
3846:2011
3820:2011
3791:2011
3754:2021
3723:2015
3641:2008
3590:2011
3519:ISBN
3455:2009
3381:ISBN
3352:2013
3163:, a
3049:The
2989:and
2981:, a
2933:for
2886:the
2497:and
2416:and
2301:Anne
2282:Anne
1928:Tory
1926:The
1769:Anne
1310:Anne
775:Anne
616:The
587:Anne
573:and
553:The
486:Act
100:and
4774:doi
3553:doi
3500:130
3255:."
3175:to
2919:to
2915:of
1976:by
974:as
920:sic
914:sic
818:or
816:See
5040::
4905:.
4858:,
4824:11
4822:.
4780:.
4770:58
4768:.
4714:OS
4639:.
4613:.
4538:.
4509:.
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4479:.
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4375:.
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4288:.
4260:.
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4083:,
3945:.
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3880:^
3811:.
3799:^
3744:.
3740:.
3624:.
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3581:.
3559:.
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3547:.
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3477:,
3471:,
3441:.
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3379:.
3377:63
3262:.
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3124:,
2878:,
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1988:)
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1970:.
1838:)
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