278:
ball, H K. Opposite to the extremity G place a pivot, L M, resting on the lid C D; and let the ball contain two bent pipes, communicating with it at the opposite extremities of a diameter, and bent in opposite directions, the bends being at right angles and across the lines F G, L M. As the cauldron gets hot it will be found that the steam, entering the ball through E F G, passes out through the bent tubes towards the lid, and causes the ball to revolve, as in the case of the dancing figures.
29:
166:
341:. It is proposed that de Garay used Hero's aeolipile and combined it with the technology used in Roman boats and late medieval galleys. Here, de Garay's invention introduced an innovation where the aeolipile had practical usage, which was to generate motion to the paddlewheels, demonstrating the feasibility of steam-driven boats. This claim was denied by Spanish authorities.
277:
No. 50. The Steam-Engine. PLACE a cauldron over a fire: a ball shall revolve on a pivot. A fire is ignited under a cauldron, A B, (fig. 50), containing water, and covered at the mouth by the lid C D; with this the bent tube E F G communicates, the extremity of the tube being fitted into a hollow
263:
Aeolipilae are hollow brazen vessels, which have an opening or mouth of small size, by means of which they can be filled with water. Prior to the water being heated over the fire, but little wind is emitted. As soon, however, as the water begins to boil, a violent wind issues
156:
Due to its use of steam as the medium for performing work, the
Aeolipile (in profile view) was adopted as the symbol for the U.S. Navy's Boiler Technician Rate - which had formed out of the Watertender, Boilermaker, and Boilerman ratings (that used the same symbol).
216:
for the chamber. Alternatively the rotating chamber may itself serve as the boiler, and this arrangement greatly simplifies the pivot/bearing arrangements, as they then do not need to pass steam. This can be seen in the illustration of a classroom model shown here.
336:
and a committee of high officials an invention he claimed could propel large ships in the absence of wind using an apparatus consisted of copper boiler and moving wheels on either side of the ship. This account was preserved by the royal
Spanish archives at
295:
It is not known whether the aeolipile was put to any practical use in ancient times, and if it was seen as a pragmatic device, a whimsical novelty, an object of reverence, or some other thing. A source described it as a mere
226:
300:
for the ancient Greeks, or a "party trick". Hero's drawing shows a standalone device, and was presumably intended as a "temple wonder", like many of the other devices described in
177:
projecting outwards. It is designed to rotate on its axis. When the vessel is pressurised with steam, the gas is expelled out of the nozzles, which generates thrust due to the
288:
212:
which forms part of a stand for the rotating vessel. Where this is the case, the boiler is connected to the rotating chamber by a pair of pipes that also serve as the
467:"This toy was not the forerunner of any real steam engine, then or later. Such devices represent technical ingenuity but not technological progress." See
197:, causing the vessel to spin about its axis. Aerodynamic drag and frictional forces in the bearings build up quickly with increasing rotational speed (
316:
brazen æolipylæ, which clearly shew that an attentive examination of human inventions often leads to a knowledge of the general laws of nature.
324:
Thus a simple experiment enables us to ascertain and determine the causes and effects of the great operations of the heavens and the winds.
302:
407:
185:. When the nozzles, pointing in different directions, produce forces along different lines of action perpendicular to the axis of the
312:, on the other hand, mentions use of the aeolipile for demonstrating the physical properties of the weather. He describes them as:
458:
Kirk, William. "The geographical significance of
Vitruvius’ de architectura." Scottish Geographical Magazine 69.1 (1953): 1-10.
626:
716:
126:, but it is neither a practical source of power nor a direct predecessor of the type of steam engine invented during the
681:
597:
569:
701:
726:
541:
333:
98:
described the device in the 1st century AD, and many sources give him the credit for its invention. However,
721:
711:
696:
505:
351:
182:
441:
656:
273:
Hero (c. 10–70 AD) takes a more practical approach, in that he gives instructions how to make one:
173:
The aeolipile usually consists of a spherical or cylindrical vessel with oppositely bent or curved
706:
691:
686:
198:
484:
448:(in Greek and German). Wilhelm Schmidt (translator). Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. pp. 228–232.
423:
127:
240:(285–222 BC), also known as KtÄ“sĂbios or Tesibius, who was an inventor and mathematician in
415:
186:
8:
612:
Museo Naval, Catálogo guia del Museo Naval de Madrid, IX edición, Madrid, 1945, page 128.
590:
Floating
Palaces of the Great Lakes: A History of Passenger Steamships on the Inland Seas
419:
648:
437:
248:. He wrote the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps.
190:
95:
19:"Hero engine" redirects here. For the game engine and server technology platform, see
593:
565:
537:
245:
371:
332:, a scientist and a captain in the Spanish navy, allegedly demonstrated before the
562:
Innovation and
Technological Diffusion: An economic history of early steam engines
536:. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. p. 1.
468:
329:
150:
104:
85:
201:) and consume the accelerating torque, eventually cancelling it and achieving a
77:
225:
675:
529:
356:
208:
Typically, and as Hero described the device, the water is heated in a simple
178:
134:
123:
88:
213:
376:
366:
361:
202:
119:
28:
241:
20:
501:
414:, translated by Bennet Woodcroft, London: Taylor Walton and Maberly,
320:
After describing the device's construction (see above) he concludes:
309:
297:
256:
237:
99:
631:
338:
189:, the thrusts combine to result in a rotational moment (mechanical
165:
92:
510:. Ten Books on Architecture. Chapter VI, paragraph 2 (pages 24–25)
381:
534:
Blazing the Trail: The Early
History of Spacecraft and Rocketry
209:
194:
174:
146:
81:
138:
287:
627:"Making a Modern Version of a Steam Engine From Antiquity"
236:
Both Hero and
Vitruvius draw on the much earlier work by
80:
which spins when the central water container is heated.
426:
592:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 9.
446:
Herons von
Alexandria Druckwerke und Automatentheater
118:
The aeolipile is considered to be the first recorded
259:(c. 80 BC – c. 15 BC) mentions aeolipiles by name:
84:is produced by steam jets exiting the turbine. The
401:
399:
397:
181:principle as a consequence of the 2nd and 3rd of
673:
102:was the first to describe this appliance in his
394:
559:
496:
494:
492:
49:
606:
251:
500:
528:
489:
286:
224:
164:
27:
674:
649:"A New Look at Heron's "Steam Engine""
16:Simple, bladeless radial steam turbine
587:
291:A modern replica of Hero's aeolipile.
268:
583:
581:
555:
553:
436:
412:The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria
405:
32:An illustration of Hero's aeolipile
13:
618:
282:
14:
738:
578:
550:
442:"Pneumatika, Book II, Chapter XI"
169:A classroom model of an aeolipile
48:, from the Greek "Αἰόλου πύλη,"
625:Maloney, Dan (6 October 2020).
408:"Section 50 – The Steam Engine"
564:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 5.
522:
478:
461:
452:
430:
1:
560:Kitsikopoulos, Harry (2015).
388:
334:Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V
145:– translates to "the ball of
109:
647:Keyser, Paul (1 June 1992).
133:The name – derived from the
7:
717:Ancient Egyptian technology
344:
10:
743:
473:The Classical Civilization
352:Catherine wheel (firework)
220:
160:
18:
682:History of thermodynamics
229:Illustration from Hero's
76:, is a simple, bladeless
657:University of Notre Dame
702:Hellenistic engineering
507:De Architectura, book 1
252:Vitruvius's description
183:Newton's laws of motion
326:
318:
292:
280:
266:
233:
170:
33:
727:History of technology
322:
314:
290:
275:
261:
228:
168:
153:of the air and wind.
128:Industrial Revolution
31:
149:", Aeolus being the
78:radial steam turbine
722:Egyptian inventions
588:Stone, Joe (2015).
420:1851phal.book.....W
712:Ancient inventions
293:
269:Hero's description
234:
171:
96:Hero of Alexandria
64:, also known as a
34:
697:Industrial design
734:
668:
666:
664:
653:
643:
641:
639:
613:
610:
604:
603:
585:
576:
575:
557:
548:
547:
526:
520:
519:
517:
515:
498:
487:
482:
476:
465:
459:
456:
450:
449:
434:
428:
427:
422:, archived from
403:
372:Steam locomotive
137:word Αἴολος and
114:
111:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
742:
741:
737:
736:
735:
733:
732:
731:
672:
671:
662:
660:
651:
646:
637:
635:
624:
621:
619:Further reading
616:
611:
607:
600:
586:
579:
572:
558:
551:
544:
527:
523:
513:
511:
504:(17 May 2008).
499:
490:
483:
479:
469:A. G. Drachmann
466:
462:
457:
453:
435:
431:
404:
395:
391:
386:
347:
330:Blasco de Garay
285:
283:Practical usage
271:
254:
246:Ptolemaic Egypt
223:
163:
113: 30-20 BC
112:
105:De architectura
61:
58:
55:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
740:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
707:Early rocketry
704:
699:
694:
692:Rocket engines
689:
684:
670:
669:
644:
620:
617:
615:
614:
605:
598:
577:
570:
549:
542:
530:Gruntman, Mike
521:
488:
477:
460:
451:
429:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
348:
346:
343:
284:
281:
270:
267:
253:
250:
222:
219:
162:
159:
86:Greek-Egyptian
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
739:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Steam engines
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
659:
658:
650:
645:
634:
633:
628:
623:
622:
609:
601:
599:9780472071753
595:
591:
584:
582:
573:
571:9781138948112
567:
563:
556:
554:
545:
539:
535:
531:
525:
509:
508:
503:
497:
495:
493:
486:
481:
474:
470:
464:
455:
447:
443:
439:
433:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:Hero (1851),
402:
400:
398:
393:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Rocket engine
355:
353:
350:
349:
342:
340:
335:
331:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
307:
305:
304:
299:
289:
279:
274:
265:
260:
258:
249:
247:
243:
239:
232:
227:
218:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
167:
158:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:steam turbine
121:
116:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
90:
89:mathematician
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
47:
43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
661:. Retrieved
655:
636:. Retrieved
630:
608:
589:
561:
533:
524:
512:. Retrieved
506:
480:
475:, pp. 55–56.
472:
463:
454:
445:
432:
424:the original
411:
377:Steam rocket
367:Steam engine
362:Segner wheel
327:
323:
319:
315:
308:
301:
294:
276:
272:
262:
255:
235:
230:
207:
203:steady state
172:
155:
142:
132:
122:or reaction
120:steam engine
117:
103:
73:
69:
65:
45:
41:
37:
35:
25:
59:Aeolus gate
676:Categories
543:156347705X
514:9 December
389:References
303:Pneumatica
242:Alexandria
231:Pneumatica
21:HeroEngine
638:6 October
502:Vitruvius
485:Aeolipile
328:In 1543,
310:Vitruvius
298:curiosity
257:Vitruvius
238:Ctesibius
151:Greek god
100:Vitruvius
42:aeolipyle
38:aeolipile
663:25 March
632:Hackaday
532:(2004).
440:(1899).
345:See also
339:Simancas
187:bearings
93:engineer
46:eolipile
416:Bibcode
382:Tip jet
221:History
205:speed.
175:nozzles
161:Physics
70:Heron's
53:
596:
568:
540:
264:forth.
214:pivots
210:boiler
195:torque
193:), or
191:couple
179:rocket
147:Aeolus
82:Torque
74:engine
66:Hero's
652:(PDF)
141:word
139:Latin
135:Greek
44:, or
665:2023
640:2020
594:ISBN
566:ISBN
538:ISBN
516:2021
438:Hero
143:pila
91:and
68:(or
50:lit.
199:rpm
115:).
36:An
678::
654:.
629:.
580:^
552:^
491:^
471:,
444:.
410:,
396:^
306:.
244:,
130:.
110:c.
72:)
40:,
667:.
642:.
602:.
574:.
546:.
518:.
418::
108:(
62:'
56:'
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)