708:
722:
1583:
736:
134:
683:
391:
92:
142:
126:
1079:
1201:
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111:
371:) and Muslims considered themselves to be waging holy wars against each other during this era. European and American historical sources bluntly consider these operations to be a form of piracy and that their goal was mostly to seize ships to obtain spoils, money and slaves. Muslim sources, however, sometimes refer to the "Islamic naval jihad"âcasting the conflicts as part of a sacred mission of war under Allah, differing from the more familiar form of jihad only in being waged at sea. Accounts of Andalusian Muslims being persecuted by the notoriously ruthless
1034:
1058:, questioned Davis, saying "His figures sound a bit dodgy and I think he may be exaggerating." He cautioned that the true picture of European slaves is clouded by the fact that the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe and black people from west Africa. He wouldn't "hazard a guess about their total". Professor Ian Blanchard, an expert on African trade and economic history at the University of Edinburgh, said that Davis's work was solid and that a number over a million was in line with his expectations.
974:
452:
574:
890:
530:
6855:
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33:
775:
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288:, Turkish Barbarossa brothers, who took control of Algiers on behalf of the Ottomans in the early 16th century, were also notorious corsairs. The European pirates brought advanced sailing and shipbuilding techniques to the Barbary Coast around 1600, which enabled the corsairs to extend their activities into the
1001:
galley slaves of the
Ottoman Sultan in Constantinople would be permanently confined to their galleys, and often served extremely long terms, averaging around nineteen years in the late seventeenth-century and early eighteenth-century periods. These slaves rarely got off the galley but lived there for
1006:
During this time, rowers were shackled and chained where they sat, and never allowed to leave. Sleeping (which was limited), eating, defecation and urination took place at the seat to which they were shackled. There were usually five or six rowers on each oar. Overseers would walk back and forth and
1070:
The history of Muslim enslavement of white
Europeans has been cited by some as contextualising the importance of subsequent European and American enslavement of blacks. Scholar Robert Davis noted that the larger picture isn't so one-sided: during a "clash of empires... taking slaves was part of the
267:
The raids were such a problem that coastal settlements were seldom undertaken until the 19th century. Between 1580 and 1680 corsairs were said to have captured about 850,000 people as slaves and from 1530 to 1780 as many as 1.25 million people were enslaved. However, these numbers are estimated and
928:
From bases on the
Barbary Coast, North Africa, the Barbary pirates raided ships traveling through the Mediterranean and along the northern and western coasts of Africa, plundering their cargo and enslaving the people they captured. From at least 1500, the pirates also conducted raids along seaside
901:
The
Barbary states had difficulty securing uniform compliance with a total prohibition of slave-raiding, as this had been traditionally of central importance to the North African economy. Slavers continued to take captives by preying on less well-protected peoples. Algiers subsequently renewed its
794:
At the beginning of the 18th century money was collected systematically in all churches, and a so called 'slave fund' (slavekasse) was established by the state in 1715. Funds were brought in through a compulsory insurance sum for seafarers. 165 slaves were ransomed by this institution between 1716
1028:
There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is
664:
More than 20,000 captives were said to be imprisoned in
Algiers alone. The rich were often able to secure release through ransom, but the poor were condemned to slavery. Their masters would on occasion allow them to secure freedom by professing Islam. A long list might be given of people of good
1234:
English corsair Jack, or John, Ward was once called "beyond doubt the greatest scoundrel that ever sailed from
England" by the English ambassador to Venice. Ward was a privateer for Queen Elizabeth during her war with Spain; after the end of the war, he became a corsair. With some associates he
314:
The scope of corsair activity began to diminish in the latter part of the 17th century, as the more powerful
European navies started to compel the Barbary states to make peace and cease attacking their shipping. However, the ships and coasts of Christian states without such effective protection
1074:
As Dr. John Callow at
University of Suffolk notes, the experience of enslavement by the Barbary pirates preceded the Atlantic slave trade and "the memory of slavery, and the methodology of slaving, that was burned into the British consciousness was first and foremost rooted in a North African
494:, commanding great fleets and conducting war operations for political ends. They were slave-hunters and their methods were ferocious. After 1587, the sole object of their successors became plunder, on land and sea. The maritime operations were conducted by the captains, or
462:
From 1559, the North
African cities of Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, although nominally part of the Ottoman Empire, were in fact military republics that chose their own rulers and lived by war booty captured from the Spanish and Portuguese. There are several cases of
1211:
Oruç, based mainly on land, was not the best-known of the
Barbarossas. His youngest brother Hızır (later called Hayreddin or Kheir ed-Din) was a more traditional corsair. After capturing many crucial coastal areas, Hayreddin was appointed admiral-in-chief of the
1107:, and who moved to the Barbary Coast during peacetime to pursue their trade. These outcasts, who had converted to Islam, brought up-to-date naval expertise to the piracy business, and enabled the corsairs to make long-distance slave-catching raids as far away as
1029:
thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbersâabout 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000.
1061:
Davis notes that his calculations were based on observers reports of approximately 35,000 European Christian slaves on the Barbary Coast at any one time during the late 1500s and early 1600s, held in Tripoli, Tunis and, mostly, Algiers.
1049:
Historians welcomed Davis's attempt to quantify the number of European slaves, but were divided as to the accuracy of the unorthodox methodology which he relied on in the absence of written records. The historian David Earle, author of
735:
707:
1281:, and launched pirate expeditions against Spain and Portugal to avenge the Reconquista, protect Morocco from Christian pirates, and seek riches and glory. Sayyida al-Hurra became wealthy and renowned enough for the Sultan of Morocco,
407:, a religious order, were founded to collect ransoms and even to exchange themselves as ransom for those captured and pressed into slavery in North Africa. In the 14th century, Tunisian corsairs became enough of a threat to provoke a
721:
866:
in March 1794. While the United States did secure peace treaties with the Barbary states, it was obliged to pay tribute for protection from attack. The burden was substantial: from 1795, the annual tribute paid to the
232:
in the 710s, the terms "Barbary pirates" and "Barbary corsairs" are normally applied to the raiders active from the 16th century onwards, when the frequency and range of the slavers' attacks increased. In that period,
812:
issued a declaration recognizing America as an independent country, and stating that American merchant ships could enjoy safe passage into the Mediterranean and along the coast. The relations were formalized with the
633:
and took away almost 500 Muslim captives. Between 1568 and 1634 the Knights of Saint Stephen may have captured about 14,000 Muslims, with perhaps one-third taken in land raids and two-thirds taken on captured ships.
2511:
Articles of peace & commerce between ... Charles II ... and the ... Lords the Bashaw, Dey, Aga, Divan, and governours of the ... kingdom of Tripoli concluded by Sir John Narbrough ... the first day of May,
1952:
1015:
The number of slaves captured by Barbary pirates are difficult to quantify. According to Robert Davis, between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in
648:
and took them away to a life of slavery in North Africa. The prisoners were destined for a variety of fatesâsome lived out their days chained to the oars as galley slaves, while women spent long years as
997:
slaves. Most Barbary galleys were at sea for around eighty to a hundred days a year, but when the slaves assigned to them were on land, they were forced to do hard manual labor. There were exceptions:
264:
Barbary corsairs captured thousands of merchant ships and repeatedly raided coastal towns. As a result, residents abandoned their former villages of long stretches of coast in Spain and Italy.
1024:
between the 16th and 19th centuries. However, to extrapolate his numbers, Davis assumes the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates were constant for a 250-year period, stating:
1216:. Under his command the Ottoman Empire was able to gain and keep control of the Mediterranean for over thirty years. Barbaros Hızır Hayreddin Pasha died in 1546 of a fever, possibly the
1119:, who was initially a lawyer and pirate-hunter, later returned home to a royal pardon. Mainwaring later wrote a book about the practise of piracy in the Mediterranean, aptly titled the
387:
necessity of binding their (hitherto-divided) territories together, and hence adopted a militantly Christian national identityâprovided more than enough justification, in Muslim eyes.
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1178:
intended to replace the Spanish vassal ruler of Algiers that he executed with his son along with everybody he suspected would oppose him in favor of his Spanish foes, including local
682:
3224:
959:, inspired by the Turks' use of Roman baths at Constantinople as prisons), which were often hot and overcrowded. Bagnios had chapels, hospitals, shops and bars run by captives.
2555:
The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783â1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History
6916:
862:, in 1784 became the first Barbary power to seize an American vessel after the nation achieved independence. The Barbary threat led directly to the United States founding the
1150:. They, and two less well-known brothers all became Barbary corsairs in the service of the Ottoman Empire who later became "Kings" when they established a new state in the
640:
was subject to a similar attack. In June 1631 Murat Reis, with corsairs from Algiers and armed troops of the Ottoman Empire, stormed ashore at the little harbor village of
5811:
339:
in 1814â15, European powers agreed upon the need to suppress the Barbary corsairs entirely. The remainder of the threat was finally subdued for Europeans by the
199:. Slaves in Barbary could be of many ethnicities, and of many different religions, such as Christian, Jewish, or Muslim. Their predation extended throughout the
5801:
1602:
937:
were abandoned following the raid, only being resettled many years later. Between 1609 and 1616, England alone had 466 merchant ships lost to Barbary pirates.
2150:
1243:, used instead of galleys, to the North African area, a major reason for the Barbary's future dominance of the Mediterranean. He died of plague in 1622.
2400:
1582:
929:
towns of Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, England and as far away as Iceland, capturing men, women and children. On some occasions, settlements such as
2198:
2536:
800:
Between 1716 and 1754 nineteen ships from Denmark-Norway were captured with 208 men; piracy was thus a serious problem for the Danish merchant fleet.
268:
provided by only one historian, Robert Davis, and have been questioned by others like David Earle. Some of these corsairs were European outcasts and
1170:
in 1512 he lost his left arm to a cannonball. The eldest Barbarossa also went to capture Algiers in 1516. Well aided by his Berber allies from the
1071:
conflict," and at the same time 2 million Europeans were enslaved by Muslims in North Africa and the Near East, 1 million Muslim slaves in Europe.
6048:
4017:
1747:
of Algiers, and reflected his experience in some of his fictional (but not directly autobiographical) writings, including the Captive's tale in
2446:
2386:
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1851:
3189:
4118:
2864:
6520:
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2251:
249:, either as directly administered provinces or as autonomous dependencies known as the Barbary states. Similar raids were undertaken from
225:, raids on European coastal towns and villages, mainly in Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, but also in the British Isles, and Iceland.
6906:
4300:
4053:
3879:
3188:
Gawalt, Gerard W. "America and the Barbary pirates: An international battle against an unconventional foe." (Library of Congress, 2011)
1346:. His biography is relatively well known because the French archivist Albert Devoulx has found important documents, including a precious
2285:
6768:
4376:
3814:
3448:
3209:
Sofka, James R. "The Jeffersonian idea of national security: commerce, the Atlantic balance of power, and the Barbary war, 1786â1805."
859:
814:
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133:
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in 1502 or 1503. He often attacked Spanish coasts and their territories on the coast of North Africa; during one failed attempt in
1293:, of which she was governor. This was the first and only time in history that a Moroccan monarch married away from their capital.
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3915:
872:
1158:. They were called the Barbarossas (Italian for Redbeards) after the red beard of Oruç, the eldest. Oruç captured the island of
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1841:
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1935:
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social position, not only Italians or Spaniards, but German or English travelers in the south, who were captives for a time.
491:
6679:
4719:
4435:
4318:
839:
1971:
The EncyclopĂŠdia of Geography: Comprising a Complete Description of the Earth, Physical, Statistical, Civil, and Political
1667:
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4822:
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4170:
4094:
2114:
Chaney, Eric (2015-10-01). "Measuring the military decline of the Western Islamic World: Evidence from Barbary ransoms".
1866:
4041:
1969:
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4164:
4129:
1350:
opened by the authorities of the Deylik in 1765. Songs and legends have also taken hold of this charismatic character.
903:
315:
continued to suffer until the early 19th century. Between 1801 and 1815, occasional incidents occurred, including two
4736:
4482:
4294:
3382:
3324:
3280:
3131:
3040:
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was also subject to pirate raids; in 1640 sixty men, women and children were enslaved by Algerian pirates who raided
75:
6705:
6527:
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5219:
4817:
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4252:
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Christian slaves, Muslim masters : white slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500â1800
601:
in Algeria, killing 470 and taking 1,464 captives. This victory is commemorated by a series of frescoes painted by
1770:
6896:
6809:
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42:
17:
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5209:
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Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500â1800.
2777:
2665:
1991:
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4194:
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Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation.
1901:
1435:
1087:
982:
808:, the pirates attacked American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean. However, on December 20, 1777, Sultan
3410:
2792:
2739:
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500â1800
2644:
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500â1800
6492:
6373:
5567:
4743:
4706:
4507:
4420:
3418::An online exhibit on the Barbary Wars with images and transcriptions of primary documents from the period.
2753:"When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed"
653:
in harems or within the walls of the sultan's palace. Only two of these captives ever returned to Ireland.
5966:
3584:
2528:
1441:
911:
6135:
5781:
5374:
4430:
4240:
3969:
3909:
3143:
Silverstein, Paul A. 2005. "The New Barbarians: Piracy and Terrorism on the North African Frontier." CR:
1343:
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negotiated a lasting peace with Tunis and, after bombarding the city to induce compliance, with Tripoli.
3219:
Turner, Robert F. "President Thomas Jefferson and the Barbary Pirates." in Bruce A Elleman, et al. eds.
3157:
1454:
390:
6819:
6208:
6022:
5776:
4882:
4776:
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4382:
4264:
4235:
4153:
3999:
3844:
3834:
3829:
805:
376:
340:
299:-driven vessels in favor of sailing ships carrying tons of powerful cannon, many Barbary warships were
91:
3049:
Le raïs Hamidou: notice biographique sur le plus célÚbre corsaire algérien du XIIIe siÚcle de l'hégire
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in 1487 that the Barbary corsairs became a true menace to shipping from European Christian nations.
141:
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White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and North Africa's One Million European Slaves
2619:
The Boisterous Sea of Liberty A Documentary History of America from Discovery through the Civil War
2047:
1846:
1778:), two European ladies are discovered in a Turkish harem, presumably captured by Barbary corsairs.
843:
790:
Piracy was enough of a problem that some states entered into the redemption business. In Denmark:
125:
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1628:
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3981:
3809:
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3509:
2593:"Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History"
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Pirates of Barbary: Corsairs, Conquests and Captivity in the Seventeenth-Century Mediterranean,
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46:
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Geography, Technology, and WarStudies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean, 649â1571.
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The pirate coast : Thomas Jefferson, the first marines and the secret mission of 1805
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bombarded Algiers. Corsair activity based in Algiers did not entirely cease until France
907:
602:
372:
149:
121:, shows the coast of North Africa, an area known in the 17th century as Barbaria, c. 1650
4959:
4877:
4847:
3519:
1896:
1123:. In the book, Mainwaring outlined potential methods to hunt down and eliminate piracy.
307:
and small arms. The Barbary navies were not battle fleets. When they sighted a European
250:
6783:
6773:
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6393:
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5089:
5029:
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4135:
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3395:
2845:
2440:
2380:
2351:
2073:
1906:
1891:
1886:
1672:
1540:
1372:
1338:. He captured up to 200 ships during his career. Hamidou ensured the prosperity of the
1270:
1179:
1155:
868:
863:
779:
769:
637:
380:
336:
212:
5404:
3299:
Piracy, Slavery and Redemption: Barbary Captivity Narratives from Early Modern England
1033:
993:
Although the conditions in bagnios were harsh, they were better than those endured by
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3624:
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3307:
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3127:
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2699:
The Prisoners of Algiers: An Account of the Forgotten American-Algerian War 1785-1797
2648:
2623:
2559:
2465:
2307:
2204:
2055:
1931:
1826:
1411:
1339:
1103:, the most notorious corsairs were European renegades who had learned their trade as
1100:
765:
692:
645:
626:
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618:
455:
412:
408:
328:
229:
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1928:
US Foreign Policy in the Middle East From American Missionaries to the Islamic State
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1385:
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1235:
captured a ship in about 1603 and sailed it to Tunis; he and his crew converted to
1116:
847:
594:
215:, but they primarily operated in the western Mediterranean. In addition to seizing
99:
3933:
3096:
The End of Barbary Terror: America's 1815 War against the Pirates of North Africa.
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2752:
1497:
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in 1818 discussed possible retaliation. In 1824 a British fleet under Admiral Sir
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to make her his queen. Notably, however, she refused to marry in his capital of
1090:
in 1526, showing the turbaned heads of three Barbary pirates floating in the sea
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5424:
5399:
5359:
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5034:
4989:
4934:
4929:
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4522:
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3400:
2947:
de Courcy, J. (1974). "RAĂS HAMIDOU: THE LAST OF THE GREAT ALGERIAN CORSAIRS".
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184:
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3421:
3115:
Matar, Nabil. 2001. "The Barbary Corsairs, King Charles I and the Civil War."
2165:
2127:
1142:
The most famous of the corsairs in North Africa were the Barbarossa brothers,
254:
6885:
6859:
6643:
6363:
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6318:
5627:
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4842:
4807:
4659:
4440:
3489:
3345:
2968:
2841:
2274:
2059:
1712:
1677:
851:
746:
Dutch ships bomb Tripoli in a punitive expedition against the Barbary pirates
610:
534:
403:
In 1198 the problem of Barbary piracy and slave-taking was so great that the
320:
216:
200:
192:
3609:
573:
394:
British captain witnessing the miseries of Christian slaves in Algiers, 1815
292:. The effects of the Barbary raids peaked in the early-to-mid-17th century.
6723:
6648:
6438:
6388:
6328:
6323:
6313:
5919:
5846:
5725:
5676:
5662:
5577:
5539:
5514:
5469:
5454:
5434:
5354:
5254:
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5159:
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5064:
4924:
4832:
4724:
4639:
4592:
4445:
4071:
3670:
2247:
2230:
1881:
1702:
1692:
1662:
1643:
1618:
1593:
1563:
1478:
1286:
1213:
1017:
986:
968:
889:
714:
Battle of a French ship of the line and two galleys of the Barbary corsairs
578:
529:
451:
404:
368:
316:
5384:
1326:
in American literature, born around 1770, and died on June 17, 1815, near
1273:, but was forced to flee to Morocco when she was very young to escape the
1143:
1137:
1075:
context, where Britons were more likely to be slaves than slave masters."
285:
6638:
6613:
6601:
6463:
5449:
5379:
5174:
5154:
5104:
5019:
5009:
4786:
3752:
3700:
3639:
3619:
3349:
1788:
is based on the capture of several slaves by Barbary corsairs led by the
1749:
1503:
1429:
1274:
1217:
1167:
832:
550:
428:
384:
204:
3214:
817:
signed in 1786, which stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship
435:
pirates added to the numbers, but it was not until the expansion of the
53:
6735:
6669:
6433:
6293:
6213:
6156:
5876:
5557:
5519:
5484:
5279:
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5049:
5044:
5004:
4949:
4887:
4867:
4852:
4664:
4622:
4188:
3747:
3649:
3629:
3604:
3594:
3182:
2866:
Causes and Consequences of Human Migration: An Evolutionary Perspective
2742:
2370:
1732:
1459:
1417:
1359:
1240:
669:
650:
545:, taking 4,000 prisoners, and enslaved some 2,000â7,000 inhabitants of
468:
440:
2300:
Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (2011-09-14).
2278:
1290:
1262:
894:
6618:
5697:
5309:
5214:
5084:
5054:
4627:
4582:
3757:
3710:
3695:
3499:
3396:
Knights Hospitaller of St. John â Order of St John of Jerusalem Malta
3024:
Clissold, Stephen. 1976. "Christian Renegades and Barbary Corsairs."
2329:
King Henry the Eighth Volume 10 Part V Foreign Correspondence 1544-45
1775:
1423:
1327:
1229:
1104:
728:
An action between an English ship and vessels of the Barbary Corsairs
487:
273:
177:
860:
the first independent nation to publicly recognize the United States
774:
6596:
6443:
6423:
6288:
5274:
5224:
5129:
5014:
4597:
3589:
3426:
3342:
The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power
3337:
3304:
1741:, the Spanish author, was captive for five years as a slave in the
879:
658:
614:
533:
The Barbary pirates frequently attacked Corsica, resulting in many
208:
3329:
Oren, Michael. "Early American Encounters in the Middle East", in
2101:
The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume I: To 1877
1611:. They were featured in a number of other noted novels, including
5732:
5339:
4674:
4654:
3524:
3504:
3494:
3305:
The Stolen Village: Baltimore and the Barbary Pirates by Des Ekin
3163:
To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines.
2580:
Thomas Barclay (1728â1793): Consul in France, Diplomat in Barbary
1861:
1793:
1779:
1761:(The Baths of Algiers), and episodes in a number of other works.
1266:
1239:. He was successful and became rich. He introduced heavily armed
1151:
1108:
1038:
934:
855:
654:
630:
565:, beheaded 5,000 of its inhabitants, and abducted another 6,000.
499:
432:
424:
308:
304:
258:
196:
3375:
To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines
3177:
Clark, G. N. "The Barbary Corsairs in the Seventeenth Century."
1925:
6730:
6628:
5607:
5489:
4974:
4669:
4644:
4491:
4425:
3654:
3484:
2683:
Definition of "bagnio" from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2615:
2609:
1919:
1765:
1743:
1258:
1159:
994:
947:
818:
598:
562:
546:
542:
416:
324:
300:
188:
173:
5748:
3288:
by Robert C. Davis. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
6458:
5474:
5414:
4857:
4684:
3514:
3221:
Piracy and Maritime Crime: Historical and Modern Case Studies
3103:
The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World
3075:
The Barbary Corsairs: Warfare in the Mediterranean, 1480â1580
2147:
EuropÀische Geschichte Online (EGO) / European History Online
1331:
1278:
1236:
1182:
rulers. He was finally captured and killed by the Spanish in
978:
507:
2401:"Curator's comments on a draft study by Bernardino Poccetti"
2326:
2048:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe"
379:, who (though inaugurating what would later become Spain's "
5059:
3569:
902:
slave-raiding, though on a smaller scale. Europeans at the
886:, and more than 900 inhabitants were taken away as slaves.
554:
3406:
New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe
2940:
6922:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
4460:
2982:
BEAUCARNOT, Jean-Louis; DUMOULIN, Frédéric (2015-06-11).
2669:
1789:
783:
522:
516:
506:. Ten percent of the value of the prizes was paid to the
296:
581:
was in ransoming Christian slaves held in Muslim hands,
553:
enslaved the entire population of the Maltese island of
228:
While such raids began after the Muslim conquest of the
3108:
Lloyd, Christopher. 1979. "Captain John Ward: Pirate."
2485:
British Captives from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic
2793:"Why is a 16-year-old book on slavery so popular now?"
2715:
The Stolen Village â Baltimore and the Barbary Pirates
2462:
The Stolen Village â Baltimore and the Barbary Pirates
1007:
whip slaves considered not to be working hard enough.
6917:
History of the foreign relations of the United States
2899:. Univ of Minnesota Press. pp. 18â19, 115, 193.
829:
Bombardment of Algiers by Lord Exmouth in August 1816
211:
seaboard and into the North Atlantic as far north as
2746:
2045:
1277:. In Morocco, she gathered a crew largely of exiled
589:
A notable counter action occurred in 1607, when the
3136:Severn, Derek. "The Bombardment of Algiers, 1816."
3002:
2433:
Lords of the Sea: A History of the Barbary Corsairs
2046:Carroll, Rory; correspondent, Africa (2004-03-11).
347:by the French during the mid-to-late 19th century.
303:carrying a hundred or more fighting men armed with
3165:Annapolis, MD : Naval Institute Press, 2001
2981:
945:At night the slaves were put into prisons called '
502:were fitted out by investors and commanded by the
3317:Skeletons on the Zahara: A True Story of Survival
2373:War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
6883:
3301:by D. J. Vikus (Columbia University Press, 2001)
2371:John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger (2003).
2299:
2196:
1353:
3199:New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.
2327:Her Majesty's Commission, State Papers (1849).
362:
2578:Roberts, Priscilla H. and Richard S. Roberts,
1852:List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings
4476:
3442:
3126:Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1988.
2818:"British captives and slaves in North Africa"
2582:, Lehigh University Press, 2008, pp. 206â223.
2229:
1189:
439:and the arrival of the privateer and admiral
6521:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
2913:
2695:
2289:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1989:
1010:
561:. In 1554 corsairs under Turgut Reis sacked
498:, who formed a class or even a corporation.
3252:Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean
2869:. Cambridge University Press. p. 180.
1985:
1983:
1981:
1957:(in Arabic). ۯۧ۱ ۧÙÙÙ۱ ۧÙŰŰŻÙŰ« ÙÙŰ·ŰšŰč ÙۧÙÙێ۱.
557:, between 5,000 and 6,000, sending them to
4483:
4469:
3449:
3435:
3154:Tempus Publishing, Gloucestershire. 2007.
2689:
2445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2385:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2356:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2190:
510:or his successors, who bore the titles of
331:against the Barbary states. Following the
180:who operated from the largely independent
56:. Please do not remove this message until
6152:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
3028:26, no. 8: 508â515. Historical Abstracts.
2946:
2926:. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 317.
2920:Park, Thomas Kerlin; Boum, Aomar (2006).
2790:
2524:
2522:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
1926:Geoffrey F. Gresh, Tugrul Keskin (2018).
893:French bombardment of Algiers by Admiral
850:states protected American ships from the
541:In 1544 Hayreddin captured the island of
486:During the first period (1518â1587), the
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
6779:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
4018:Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands
3416:The Barbary Wars at the Clements Library
2919:
2889:
2883:
2862:
2622:. Oxford University Press. p. 222.
2616:David Brion Davis, Steven Mintz (2000).
2533:Islam in European Literature Conference,
2529:Peter Madsen, "Danish slaves in Barbary"
2515:. University of Michigan. 6 August 1677.
2430:
2273:
1978:
1581:
1342:, and gave it its last glory before the
1199:
1077:
1032:
972:
888:
823:
773:
583:Histoire de Barbarie et de ses Corsaires
572:
528:
450:
389:
140:
132:
124:
109:
90:
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3098:Oxford University Press, Oxford. 2006.
3045:
3008:
2341:
2041:
2039:
2037:
172:(in Muslim sources) were mainly Muslim
14:
6884:
3815:MoroccanâAmerican Treaty of Friendship
2815:
2809:
2551:
2519:
2426:
2424:
2344:Saggi di storia e letteratura, vol. II
2260:
2140:
2113:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1967:
1842:History of slavery in the Muslim world
1265:, and later the wife of the sultan of
1126:
917:
815:MoroccanâAmerican Treaty of Friendship
759:
383:") were initially faced with the post-
355:The Barbary corsairs were active from
5938:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
4464:
4404:
3861:
3793:
3551:
3468:
3430:
2778:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"
2775:
2675:
2666:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"
2223:
2197:Kritzler, Edward (November 3, 2009).
2107:
1992:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast"
1950:
1600:Barbary corsairs are protagonists in
6680:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
4436:Monte della Redenzione degli Schiavi
3880:Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands
3456:
3336:
3035:Palgrave Macmillan, New York. 2003.
2985:Dictionnaire étonnant des célébrités
2712:
2459:
2157:
2034:
1223:
840:American Declaration of Independence
621:, accompanied by the galleys of the
483:'s shipping under the Ottoman flag.
375:âwillingly abetted by the so-called
26:
4377:Austrian expedition against Morocco
3254:(Stanford University Press, 2017).
2863:Crawford, Michael H. (2012-11-08).
2769:
2421:
2364:
2335:
2320:
2006:
1319:
1289:, and would not get married but in
1246:
1094:
295:Long after Europeans had abandoned
24:
6907:History of international relations
5747:
3170:
2955:(2). Informa UK Limited: 187â196.
2776:Davis, Robert (17 February 2011).
2499:. Adrian Tinniswood. Random House.
2163:
2098:
1951:۳۱ÙÙÙ, ۧÙÙ
Ù۱ ŰŁÙŰ§Ù Ű„ŰłÙ
ۧŰčÙÙ (1988).
1944:
1269:. She was born around 1485 in the
1131:
398:
245:came under the sovereignty of the
25:
6938:
6570:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
3389:
3140:28, no. 1 (1978); pp. 31â39.
2552:Tucker, Spencer C. (2014-06-11).
2235:"Putting the Oy Back into 'Ahoy'"
951:' (derived from the Italian word
940:
689:A French Ship and Barbary Pirates
646:captured almost all the villagers
96:A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs
6927:Wars involving the United States
6866:
6865:
6853:
6706:A General History of the Pyrates
6528:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
6049:Operation Enduring Freedom â HOA
4042:Sieges of Oran and Mers El KĂ©bir
3370:. New York: Hill and Wang, 2005.
2923:Historical dictionary of Morocco
2153:from the original on 2024-05-27.
2116:Explorations in Economic History
1753:, his two plays set in Algiers,
962:
873:United States federal government
734:
720:
706:
681:
31:
6912:Early modern history of Morocco
4207:Battle of the Oinousses Islands
3469:
3268:by Giles Milton (Sceptre, 2005)
3236:343 pp. Riverhead Books, 2010.
2975:
2856:
2784:
2731:
2706:
2658:
2636:
2585:
2572:
2545:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2453:
2407:
2393:
2293:
2200:Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean
2181:
1867:MoroccoâUnited States relations
1296:
617:. In 1611 Spanish galleys from
568:
446:
6064:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
6059:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
5812:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
4289:Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
3552:
2961:10.1080/00253359.1974.10657964
2791:Grabmeier, Jeff (2020-03-21).
2134:
2092:
1961:
1261:cleric, merchant, governor of
1257:Sayyida al-Hurra was a female
13:
1:
5920:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
4148:Raid on Ceriale and Borghetto
3862:
3845:US Treaty with Morocco (1836)
3835:US Treaty with Algiers (1815)
3830:US Treaty with Tripoli (1805)
3820:US Treaty with Tripoli (1796)
3794:
3017:
2896:The Forgotten Queens of Islam
2834:10.1080/0268117X.2016.1250227
2702:. Oxford U.P. pp. 45â52.
2647:. Robert Davis (2004). p.45.
2167:ŰȘۧ۱ÙŰź ۧÙŰŻÙÙŰ© ۧÙŰčÙÙŰ© ۧÙŰčŰ«Ù
ۧÙÙŰ©
2141:Weller, Thomas (2024-09-11).
1902:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
1771:Die EntfĂŒhrung aus dem Serail
1577:
1567:
1554:
1531:
1524:
1507:
1482:
1463:
1445:
1402:
1389:
1376:
1363:
1354:Other Famous Barbary corsairs
749:
696:
137:A man from the Barbary states
103:
88:Pirates based in North Africa
6493:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
5743:Pirate battles and incidents
4421:Slavery on the Barbary Coast
3179:Cambridge Historical Journal
3119:16, no. 2; pp. 239â258.
1757:(The Treaty of Algiers) and
1082:Coat of arms of the town of
985:and liberation of Christian
419:in 1390 (also known as the "
363:Muslim Historical Narratives
7:
5892:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
5375:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
4405:
4130:Dutch expedition to Algiers
4054:Rebellion of the Alpujarras
3970:Ottoman wintering in Toulon
3916:Capture of Peñón of Algiers
3840:US Treaty with Tunis (1824)
3825:US Treaty with Tunis (1797)
3147:5, no. 1; pp. 179â212.
2816:Callow, John (2017-01-02).
2686:. Accessed 23 February 2015
2306:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.
1990:Robert Davis (2011-02-17).
1930:. Routledge. p. 1985.
1799:
1566:or Murat Reis the Younger (
1056:Barbary and The Pirate Wars
912:conquered the state in 1830
904:Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
58:conditions to do so are met
10:
6943:
6769:Pirate films and TV series
6209:African Slave Trade Patrol
5777:Action of 11 November 2008
4566:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
4490:
4236:Action of 28 November 1751
3377:. Bluejacket Books, 1991.
3331:Power, Faith, and Fantasy.
2797:Ohio State University News
2539:November 10, 2014, at the
2203:. Anchor. pp. 59â60.
1330:off the coast of southern
1300:
1250:
1227:
1193:
1190:Hızır Hayreddin Barbarossa
1135:
966:
921:
806:American Revolutionary War
763:
350:
341:French conquest of Algeria
6847:
6797:
6756:
6749:
6697:
6662:
6579:
6477:
6279:
6266:
6258:Trans-Saharan slave trade
6194:
6125:
5857:Battle off Minicoy Island
5832:Battle of Cape Fear River
5802:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
5772:Action of 28 October 2007
5767:Action of 9 November 1822
5742:
5640:
5548:
4912:
4905:
4831:
4795:
4752:
4705:
4698:
4543:
4498:
4411:
4400:
4339:
4216:
4089:Expulsion of the Moriscos
4081:
3872:
3868:
3857:
3800:
3789:
3740:
3719:
3663:
3585:KurtoÄlu Muslihiddin Reis
3562:
3558:
3547:
3475:
3464:
3145:The New Centennial Review
3105:. Hill & Wang, 2005.
3077:. Greenhill Books. 2003.
2487:, 1563-1760. Nabil Matar.
2128:10.1016/j.eeh.2015.03.002
1624:The Count of Monte Cristo
1605:(the panthers of Algiers)
1442:KurtoÄlu Muslihiddin Reis
1065:
1011:Number of people enslaved
742:Lieve Pietersz Verschuier
367:Both Europeans (e.g. the
187:. This area was known in
6253:Indian Ocean slave trade
6142:International piracy law
6079:Pirate attacks in Borneo
5951:Capture of the schooner
5943:Capture of the schooner
5877:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
5603:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
4325:2nd Swedish-Algerian War
4319:1st Swedish-Algerian War
4230:Spanish conquest of Oran
4125:Action of 3 October 1624
4030:Expedition to Mostaganem
3112:29, no. 11; p. 751.
3087:Kristensen, Jens Riise.
3046:Devoulx, Albert (1859).
2597:U.S. Department of State
2342:Mercati, Angelo (1982).
2303:Concise History of Islam
1913:
1847:Islamic views on slavery
1099:According to historian,
875:'s annual expenditures.
591:Knights of Saint Stephen
479:turned to attacking the
345:so-called "pacification"
6712:Captain Charles Johnson
6136:1717â1718 Acts of Grace
5847:Battle of Mandab Strait
5827:Battle of Boca Teacapan
5822:Balanguingui Expedition
5787:Action of 23 March 2010
4301:Portuguese Algerian War
4277:Bombardments of Tunisia
4171:French-Tripolitania War
4024:Battle of Wadi al-Laban
3810:Anglo-Moroccan alliance
3805:Franco-Ottoman alliance
3773:Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
3333:New York: Norton, 2007.
3091:Ărby Publishing. 2005.
2822:The Seventeenth Century
2766:, Ohio State University
2717:. OBrien. p. 187.
2431:Jamieson, Alan (2012).
2286:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2280:"Barbary Pirates"
1634:The Wind in the Willows
1541:Ivan-Dirkie de Veenboer
878:In 1798, an islet near
810:Mohammed III of Morocco
129:An Algerine pirate ship
6897:19th-century conflicts
6069:Operation Ocean Shield
5897:Battle of Tonkin River
5842:Battle of Doro Passage
5797:Action of 5 April 2010
5792:Action of 1 April 2010
5782:Action of 9 April 2009
5762:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
5752:
5588:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
5573:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
4720:British Virgin Islands
4371:Bombardment of Tripoli
4359:Bombardment of Algiers
4313:Bombardment of Tangier
4283:Bombardment of Algiers
4271:Bombardment of Algiers
4195:Bombardment of Algiers
4183:Bombardment of Algiers
4177:Bombardment of Algiers
3213:21.4 (1997): 519â544.
3070:. Random House. 1953.
3063:. Thomas Dunne. 2003.
1954:ŰȘۧ۱ÙŰź ۧÙŰŻÙÙŰ© ۧÙŰčŰ«Ù
ۧÙÙŰ©
1877:Ottoman Imperial Harem
1597:
1214:Ottoman sultan's fleet
1208:
1186:, and put on display.
1091:
1046:
1031:
1004:
990:
898:
835:
821:with a foreign power.
802:
797:
787:
782:paying tribute to the
642:Baltimore, County Cork
586:
538:
459:
395:
195:, in reference to the
153:
138:
130:
122:
107:
6685:Pirates versus Ninjas
6112:Slave raid of SuĂ°uroy
6074:Persian Gulf Campaign
5959:Capture of the sloop
5887:Battle of the Leotung
5872:Battle of New Orleans
5751:
5613:Richard Avery Hornsby
5365:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
5325:Moses Cohen Henriques
5295:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
5040:Christina Anna Skytte
4578:Brethren of the Coast
4561:Baltic Slavic pirates
4508:Ancient Mediterranean
4331:Action of 16 May 1797
4295:American-Algerian War
3422:American Barbary Wars
3094:Leiner, Frederick C.
3084:. Lyons Press. 1999.
2696:H. G. Barnby (1966).
2403:. The British Museum.
2143:"The Spanish Century"
1968:Murray, Hugh (1841).
1872:OttomanâHabsburg wars
1629:Alexandre Dumas, pĂšre
1585:
1203:
1154:known as the Ottoman
1081:
1052:The Corsairs of Malta
1036:
1026:
999:
976:
892:
827:
798:
792:
777:
576:
532:
490:were admirals of the
454:
393:
257:) and other ports in
144:
136:
128:
113:
94:
6607:skull and crossbones
6563:Mistress of the Seas
6245:Capture of the brig
6222:Atlantic slave trade
5983:Falklands Expedition
5837:Battle of Cape Lopez
5757:1582 Cagayan battles
5684:Queen Anne's Revenge
5235:José Joaquim Almeida
5220:John Newland Maffitt
5140:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4980:Bartolomeu PortuguĂȘs
4970:Artemisia I of Caria
4965:Alexandre Exquemelin
4803:Baltic Slavic piracy
4556:Anglo-Turkish piracy
4241:Battle of Cape Palos
4160:Action of March 1665
4107:Battle of Cape Corvo
4048:Great Siege of Malta
3952:Siege of Castelnuovo
3910:Battle of Formentera
3681:Anglo-Turkish piracy
3600:Murat Reis the Elder
3575:Hayreddin Barbarossa
3082:A History of Pirates
2949:The Mariner's Mirror
2233:(October 15, 2008).
2187:Pryor (1988), p. 192
1974:. Lea and Blanchard.
1812:Anglo-Turkish piracy
1785:L'italiana in Algeri
1728:Angélique in Barbary
1723:Edgar Rice Burroughs
1668:Master and Commander
1658:The Algerine Captive
1603:Le pantere di Algeri
1551:Murat Reis the Elder
1206:Hayreddin Barbarossa
1196:Hayreddin Barbarossa
1121:Discourse of Pirates
882:was attacked by the
858:, which in 1777 was
672:squadron led by Sir
559:Ottoman Tripolitania
282:Hayreddin Barbarossa
6624:No purchase, no pay
6592:Davy Jones's locker
6535:The Angel's Command
6379:Guybrush Threepwood
6227:Barbary slave trade
6204:African slave trade
6001:Jiajing wokou raids
5902:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
5125:François l'Olonnais
4985:Bartholomew Roberts
4873:Republic of Pirates
4416:Barbary slave trade
4383:Invasion of Algiers
4265:Invasion of Algiers
4247:DanishâAlgerian War
4095:Franco-Algerian War
4000:Invasion of Corsica
3401:The Barbary Pirates
3181:8#1 (1944): 22â35.
3152:Pirates: A History.
3117:Seventeenth Century
3068:The Barbary Pirates
2988:(in French). edi8.
2029:The New York Times,
1832:Corsairs of Algiers
1817:Barbary slave trade
1739:Miguel de Cervantes
1718:Tanar of Pellucidar
1455:KurtoÄlu Hızır Reis
1426:(died 1554 or 1555)
1241:square-rigged ships
1127:Barbarossa brothers
1115:. Infamous corsair
924:Barbary slave trade
918:Barbary slave trade
908:Harry Burrard Neale
871:amounted to 20% of
786:of Algiers, c. 1800
760:18thâ19th centuries
603:Bernardino Poccetti
377:"Catholic Monarchs"
373:Spanish Inquisition
272:(renegade) such as
150:Pier Francesco Mola
45:of this article is
6784:Timeline of piracy
6741:Piracy kidnappings
6394:Jacquotte Delahaye
6349:Charlotte de Berry
6339:Captain Sabertooth
6232:Blockade of Africa
6187:Piracy Law of 1820
6117:Turkish Abductions
6054:Operation Atalanta
5988:Great Lakes Patrol
5867:Battle of Nam Quan
5817:Attack on Veracruz
5753:
5335:Nicholas van Hoorn
5320:Michel de Grammont
5185:Jacquotte Delahaye
5170:Hippolyte Bouchard
5090:Elise Eskilsdotter
5030:Charlotte de Berry
4995:Benjamin Hornigold
4353:Second Barbary War
4259:DutchâMoroccan War
4224:DutchâAlgerian War
4165:Anglo-Algerian War
4136:Turkish Abductions
4119:Anglo-Algerian War
4066:Conquest of Tunis
3976:Capture of Mahdiye
3886:Capture of Algiers
3530:Regency of Tripoli
3480:Regency of Algiers
3373:Whipple, A. B. C.
3223:(2010): 157â172.
3211:Diplomatic History
3195:London, Joshua E.
3089:Barbary To and Fro
3031:Davis, Robert C.,
2758:2011-07-25 at the
2713:Ekin, Des (2006).
2497:Pirates of Barbary
2460:Ekin, Des (2006).
2254:2013-11-10 at the
2164:Fareed, Muhammad.
2099:Conlin, Joseph R.
2084:has generic name (
2024:Pirates of Barbary
1907:Turkish Abductions
1892:Regency of Algiers
1887:Piracy in Scotland
1759:Los Baños de Argel
1598:
1592:("Four Moors") by
1373:Mohamed Ben Hassan
1348:register of prizes
1334:, was an Algerian
1271:Emirate of Granada
1209:
1176:Spanish expedition
1174:, he vanquished a
1156:Regency of Algiers
1092:
1086:, granted by King
1047:
991:
899:
869:Regency of Algiers
864:United States Navy
846:treaties with the
836:
788:
780:William Bainbridge
770:Second Barbary War
587:
539:
460:
396:
337:Congress of Vienna
219:, they engaged in
154:
139:
131:
123:
108:
6879:
6878:
6860:Piracy portal
6843:
6842:
6820:Fictional pirates
6719:Truce of Ratisbon
6693:
6692:
6654:Walking the plank
6514:On Stranger Tides
6454:Tony Tony Chopper
6344:Captain Stingaree
6281:Fictional pirates
6097:Sack of Baltimore
6092:Raid on Cartagena
6034:Moscow University
5913:Beluga Nomination
5882:Battle of Pianosa
5807:Antelope incident
5698:Marquis of Havana
5636:
5635:
5345:Olivier Levasseur
5285:Louis-Michel Aury
5250:Klaus Störtebeker
5200:Jeanne de Clisson
5120:François Le Clerc
4955:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
4901:
4900:
4818:South China Coast
4782:Strait of Malacca
4458:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4365:Battle of Tripoli
4347:First Barbary War
4142:Sack of Baltimore
4113:DutchâBarbary War
4060:Battle of Lepanto
4006:Capture of Bougie
3958:Battle of Alboran
3946:Battle of Preveza
3928:Conquest of Tunis
3922:Conquest of Tunis
3898:Battle of Pianosa
3853:
3852:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3763:Mohamed Kharnadji
3625:Muhammad Kurdogli
3543:
3542:
3359:978-0-465-00720-2
3312:978-0-86278-955-8
3294:978-0-333-71966-4
3260:978-1-50360-252-6
3242:978-1-59448-774-3
3230:Adrian Tinniswood
3205:978-0-471-44415-2
2995:978-2-7540-7767-5
2933:978-0-8108-5341-6
2906:978-0-8166-2439-3
2893:(July 30, 1997).
2876:978-1-107-01286-8
2724:978-0-86278-955-8
2629:978-0-19-511669-4
2471:978-0-86278-955-8
2210:978-0-7679-1952-4
1937:978-1-351-16962-2
1827:Circassian beauty
1755:El Trato de Argel
1412:Gedik Ahmed Pasha
1340:Deylik of Algiers
1224:Captain Jack Ward
1101:Adrian Tinniswood
766:First Barbary War
629:off the coast of
627:Kerkennah Islands
456:Battle of Preveza
329:Kingdom of Sicily
230:Iberian Peninsula
86:
85:
78:
16:(Redirected from
6934:
6869:
6868:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6754:
6753:
6556:Pirate Latitudes
6549:Long John Silver
6542:Voyage of Slaves
6409:Long John Silver
6304:Captain Birdseye
6277:
6276:
6147:Letter of marque
6107:Salvador Pirates
6102:Sack of Campeche
5925:Chepo Expedition
5907:Battle of Tysami
5862:Battle off Mukah
5852:Battle of Manila
5691:Quedagh Merchant
5649:Adventure Galley
5495:Victual Brothers
5480:Thomas Cavendish
5445:Sayyida al Hurra
5430:Samuel Hall Lord
5410:Roche Braziliano
5395:Robert Culliford
5330:Nathaniel Gordon
5300:Martin Frobisher
5260:Laurens de Graaf
5230:JĂžrgen JĂžrgensen
5165:Henry Strangways
5145:Hendrick Lucifer
5095:Eustace the Monk
4960:AntĂłnio de Faria
4910:
4909:
4878:Republic of Salé
4848:Ăle Sainte-Marie
4703:
4702:
4680:Victual Brothers
4588:Cilician pirates
4485:
4478:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4402:
4401:
4253:Siege of Melilla
4036:Battle of Djerba
3988:Siege of Tripoli
3982:Invasion of Gozo
3870:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3791:
3790:
3691:Ahmed el Inglizi
3645:Hassan Veneziano
3615:Muhammad I Pasha
3580:Sayyida al Hurra
3560:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3535:Regency of Tunis
3520:Republic of Salé
3466:
3465:
3458:Barbary Corsairs
3451:
3444:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3368:The Barbary Wars
3366:Lambert, Frank.
3363:
3275:Hyperion, 2005.
3271:Zacks, Richard.
3250:White, Joshua M.
3122:Pryor, John H.,
3101:Lambert, Frank.
3080:Konstam, Angus.
3073:Heers, Jacques.
3066:Forester, C. S.
3056:
3054:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2891:Mernissi, Fatima
2887:
2881:
2880:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2767:
2750:
2744:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2549:
2543:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2375:. Boydell Press.
2368:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2271:
2258:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2043:
2032:
2027:by Ian W. Toll,
2019:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1897:Republic of Salé
1857:Mathurin Romegas
1822:Barbary treaties
1688:The Walking Drum
1596:; Livorno, Italy
1572:
1569:
1559:
1556:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1512:
1509:
1487:
1484:
1468:
1465:
1450:
1447:
1407:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1386:Muhammad I Pasha
1381:
1378:
1368:
1365:
1321:
1283:Ahmad al-Wattasi
1253:Sayyida al Hurra
1247:Sayyida al-Hurra
1204:Ottoman admiral
1117:Henry Mainwaring
1095:Barbary corsairs
1037:Slave market in
754:
751:
738:
724:
710:
701:
698:
685:
623:Knights of Malta
595:Jacopo Inghirami
577:The work of the
170:naval mujahideen
166:Ottoman corsairs
162:Barbary corsairs
146:A Barbary pirate
105:
100:Laureys a Castro
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
35:
34:
27:
21:
6942:
6941:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6854:
6852:
6839:
6805:Barbary pirates
6793:
6789:Women in piracy
6745:
6689:
6658:
6587:Buried treasure
6575:
6507:Facing the Flag
6500:Treasure Island
6473:
6419:Vaas Montenegro
6414:Monkey D. Luffy
6384:Hector Barbossa
6369:Elizabeth Swann
6334:Captain Pugwash
6271:
6269:
6262:
6239:Veloz Passagera
6237:Capture of the
6190:
6121:
5930:Capture of the
5738:
5670:Flying Dutchman
5632:
5598:Miguel EnrĂquez
5550:
5544:
5510:William Dampier
5465:Simon Mascarino
5460:Shirahama Kenki
5440:Samuel Pallache
5405:Roberto CofresĂ
5315:Mary Wolverston
5290:Mansel Alcantra
5265:Lawrence Prince
4945:Albert W. Hicks
4897:
4835:
4827:
4791:
4748:
4694:
4690:Women in piracy
4655:Sindhi corsairs
4608:French corsairs
4598:Cossack pirates
4551:Albanian piracy
4544:Types of pirate
4539:
4494:
4489:
4459:
4450:
4407:
4388:
4335:
4212:
4201:Sieges of Ceuta
4077:
3994:Battle of Ponza
3904:Siege of Rhodes
3892:Fall of Tlemcen
3864:
3849:
3796:
3777:
3736:
3732:Yusuf Karamanli
3727:Ahmed Karamanli
3715:
3659:
3554:
3539:
3471:
3460:
3455:
3411:Barbary Warfare
3392:
3387:
3360:
3246:NY Times review
3173:
3171:Further reading
3168:
3061:The Pirate Wars
3055:. Dubos FrĂšres.
3052:
3020:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2861:
2857:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2760:Wayback Machine
2751:
2747:
2737:Davis, Robert.
2736:
2732:
2725:
2711:
2707:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2541:Wayback Machine
2527:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2458:
2454:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2422:
2415:"Palazzo Pitti"
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2272:
2261:
2256:Wayback Machine
2239:
2237:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2139:
2135:
2112:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2081:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2044:
2035:
2020:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1837:Ghazi (warrior)
1807:Albanian piracy
1802:
1698:Doctor Dolittle
1683:Neal Stephenson
1673:Patrick O'Brian
1653:Rafael Sabatini
1639:Kenneth Grahame
1614:Robinson Crusoe
1580:
1570:
1557:
1534:
1527:
1517:Simon de Danser
1510:
1485:
1466:
1448:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1366:
1356:
1344:French invasion
1308:Hamidou ben Ali
1305:
1299:
1255:
1249:
1232:
1226:
1198:
1192:
1184:Tlemcen in 1518
1172:Kingdom of Kuku
1140:
1134:
1132:Oruç Barbarossa
1129:
1097:
1068:
1043:Ottoman Algeria
1013:
971:
965:
943:
926:
920:
772:
762:
755:
752:
739:
730:
725:
716:
711:
702:
699:
686:
674:John Narborough
571:
473:Samuel Pallache
449:
421:Barbary Crusade
401:
399:The Middle Ages
365:
353:
333:Napoleonic Wars
158:Barbary pirates
89:
82:
71:
65:
62:
51:
36:
32:
23:
22:
18:Barbary corsair
15:
12:
11:
5:
6940:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6892:Barbary piracy
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6863:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6830:Piracy by year
6827:
6822:
6817:
6815:Female pirates
6812:
6810:By nationality
6807:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6404:Joshamee Gibbs
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6274:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6242:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6184:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
6007:Maersk Alabama
6003:
5998:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5972:
5964:
5956:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5618:Robert Maynard
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5500:Vincenzo Gambi
5497:
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5477:
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5467:
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5425:Samuel Bellamy
5422:
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5400:Robert Surcouf
5397:
5392:
5390:Richard Glover
5387:
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5360:Pierre Lafitte
5357:
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5135:Grace O'Malley
5132:
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5075:Edward England
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5035:Cheung Po Tsai
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4990:Benito de Soto
4987:
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4935:Abraham Samuel
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4930:Adam Baldridge
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4907:
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4779:
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4760:Horn of Africa
4756:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4744:Gulf of Guinea
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4730:Lake Nicaragua
4722:
4711:
4709:
4707:Atlantic World
4700:
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4101:Raid on ƻejtun
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3408:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3390:External links
3388:
3386:
3385:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3334:
3327:
3319:by Dean King,
3314:
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3150:Travers, Tim,
3148:
3141:
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3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3059:Earle, Peter.
3057:
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2828:(1): 103â107.
2808:
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2420:
2406:
2392:
2363:
2334:
2319:
2312:
2292:
2277:, ed. (1911).
2275:Chisholm, Hugh
2259:
2222:
2209:
2189:
2180:
2156:
2133:
2106:
2103:. p. 206.
2091:
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1649:Sword of Islam
1609:Emilio Salgari
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1561:
1548:
1538:
1514:
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1495:
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1473:Seydi Ali Reis
1470:
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1452:
1439:
1433:
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1409:
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1370:
1355:
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1301:Main article:
1298:
1295:
1251:Main article:
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1228:Main article:
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1194:Main article:
1191:
1188:
1136:Main article:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1096:
1093:
1067:
1064:
1022:Ottoman Empire
1012:
1009:
964:
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942:
941:Slave quarters
939:
922:Main article:
919:
916:
897:, 13 June 1830
761:
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726:
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712:
705:
703:
693:Aert Anthonisz
687:
680:
607:"Sala di Bona"
570:
567:
537:being erected.
535:Genoese towers
481:Spanish Empire
477:fleeing Iberia
465:Sephardic Jews
448:
445:
437:Ottoman Empire
427:exiles of the
400:
397:
364:
361:
359:to the 1800s.
357:medieval times
352:
349:
290:Atlantic Ocean
278:Zymen Danseker
247:Ottoman Empire
217:merchant ships
203:, south along
185:Barbary states
119:Jan Janssonius
87:
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83:
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6698:Miscellaneous
6696:
6686:
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6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6663:Miscellaneous
6661:
6655:
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6650:
6647:
6645:
6644:Pirate utopia
6642:
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6370:
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6364:Elaine Marley
6362:
6360:
6359:Edward Kenway
6357:
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6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
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6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Captain Flint
6317:
6315:
6314:Captain Crook
6312:
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6309:Captain Blood
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6132:Acts of grace
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6025:Orkim Harmony
6021:
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6008:
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6002:
5999:
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5995:
5991:
5989:
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5969:
5968:Carré d'As IV
5965:
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5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:Ambrose Light
5928:
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5908:
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5712:Royal Fortune
5709:
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5699:
5695:
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5685:
5681:
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5665:
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5660:
5658:
5657:
5656:Ambrose Light
5653:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5629:
5628:Woodes Rogers
5626:
5624:
5623:Thomas Warren
5621:
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5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
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5584:
5583:Julius Caesar
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:Chaloner Ogle
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:Zheng Zhilong
5533:
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5463:
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5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:Sadie Farrell
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Princess Sela
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Pedro Gilbert
5348:
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5343:
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5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Liang Daoming
5268:
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5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5115:Francis Drake
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:Dominique You
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5025:Charles Gibbs
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
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4981:
4978:
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4958:
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4953:
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4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4920:Abduwali Muse
4918:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:Major figures
4904:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Barataria Bay
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4833:Pirate havens
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Barbary Coast
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
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4683:
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4668:
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4660:Timber pirate
4658:
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4447:
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4441:Redemptorists
4439:
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4308:
4307:Siege of Oran
4305:
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4299:
4296:
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4281:
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4275:
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4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4012:Siege of Oran
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3964:Siege of Nice
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3934:Sack of MahĂłn
3932:
3929:
3926:
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3917:
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3911:
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3702:
3699:
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3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Sulayman Reis
3684:
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3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:Barbary coast
3488:
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3474:
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3459:
3452:
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3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3394:
3393:
3384:
3383:1-55750-966-2
3380:
3376:
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3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:0-316-15935-2
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:1-4013-0849-X
3278:
3274:
3270:
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3264:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3239:
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3208:
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3198:
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3180:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:History Today
3135:
3133:
3132:0-521-34424-7
3129:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:History Today
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
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3079:
3076:
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3069:
3065:
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3058:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3041:0-333-71966-2
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:History Today
3023:
3022:
3010:
3005:
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2991:
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2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2764:Research News
2761:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2672:, 1 July 2003
2671:
2667:
2664:Rees Davies,
2661:
2654:
2653:1-4039-4551-9
2650:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2565:9781598841572
2561:
2557:
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2323:
2315:
2313:9789382573470
2309:
2305:
2304:
2296:
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2276:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2232:
2231:Plaut, Steven
2226:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2184:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2075:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1905:
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1900:
1898:
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1825:
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1818:
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1797:
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1767:
1762:
1760:
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1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1713:Clive Cussler
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:Baroque Cycle
1674:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1565:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:Sulayman Reis
1542:
1539:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:Uluç Ali Reis
1496:
1493:
1490:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1400:
1397:
1387:
1384:
1374:
1371:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:
988:
987:galley slaves
984:
980:
975:
970:
963:Galley slaves
960:
958:
954:
950:
949:
938:
936:
932:
925:
915:
913:
909:
905:
896:
891:
887:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:North African
845:
841:
834:
830:
826:
822:
820:
816:
811:
807:
801:
796:
791:
785:
781:
776:
771:
767:
747:
743:
737:
732:
729:
723:
718:
715:
709:
704:
694:
690:
684:
679:
678:
677:
675:
671:
666:
662:
660:
656:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:, raided the
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:Palazzo Pitti
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
580:
575:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
536:
531:
527:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
457:
453:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
392:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
360:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:United States
319:waged by the
318:
312:
311:, they fled.
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
265:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
231:
226:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:Mediterranean
198:
194:
193:Barbary Coast
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
147:
143:
135:
127:
120:
116:
112:
101:
97:
93:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
44:
38:
29:
28:
19:
6902:Barbary Wars
6851:
6724:Pirate Round
6704:
6675:Space pirate
6649:Treasure map
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6439:Roronoa Zoro
6389:Jack Sparrow
6329:Captain Nemo
6324:Captain Hook
6246:
6238:
6214:
6084:
6041:
6033:
6024:
6015:
6006:
5993:
5976:Dai Hong Dan
5975:
5967:
5960:
5952:
5944:
5931:
5912:
5731:
5726:Whydah Gally
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5677:Ganj-i-Sawai
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5641:Pirate ships
5593:Luis Fajardo
5578:James Brooke
5568:David Porter
5540:Zheng Yi Sao
5515:William Kidd
5470:Stede Bonnet
5455:Shap-ng-tsai
5435:Samuel Mason
5355:Peter Easton
5305:Mary Lindsey
5255:Lai Choi San
5245:Joseph Barss
5240:Joseph Baker
5210:John Hawkins
5205:Johanna HĂ„rd
5195:Jean Lafitte
5190:Jan Janszoon
5180:Israel Hands
5160:Henry Morgan
5150:Henri Caesar
5065:Dirk Chivers
5000:Black Caesar
4925:Abshir Boyah
4796:Other waters
4777:Persian Gulf
4765:Somali Coast
4753:Indian Ocean
4725:Spanish Main
4640:River pirate
4618:Moro pirates
4593:Child pirate
4565:
4518:21st century
4446:Trinitarians
4340:19th century
4217:18th century
4082:17th century
4072:Sack of Sori
3873:16th century
3741:19th century
3720:18th century
3671:Jan Janszoon
3664:17th century
3563:16th century
3374:
3367:
3341:
3330:
3316:
3298:
3285:
3272:
3265:
3251:
3233:
3220:
3210:
3196:
3178:
3162:
3158:World Navies
3151:
3144:
3137:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3048:
3032:
3025:
3009:Devoulx 1859
3004:
2984:
2977:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2922:
2915:
2895:
2885:
2865:
2858:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:
2786:
2771:
2763:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2714:
2708:
2698:
2691:
2682:
2677:
2660:
2642:
2638:
2618:
2611:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2587:
2579:
2574:
2558:. Abc-Clio.
2554:
2547:
2532:
2510:
2504:
2492:
2480:
2461:
2455:
2432:
2409:
2395:
2372:
2366:
2343:
2337:
2328:
2322:
2302:
2295:
2284:
2238:. Retrieved
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2199:
2192:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2166:
2159:
2146:
2136:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2082:|last2=
2063:. Retrieved
2052:The Guardian
2051:
2031:12 Dec. 2010
2028:
2023:
1996:. Retrieved
1970:
1963:
1953:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1882:Ottoman Navy
1783:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1737:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1703:Hugh Lofting
1696:
1693:Louis Lamour
1686:
1676:
1666:
1663:Royall Tyler
1656:
1648:
1644:The Sea Hawk
1642:
1632:
1622:
1619:Daniel Defoe
1612:
1601:
1599:
1594:Pietro Tacca
1589:Quattro Mori
1587:
1573:âafter 1641)
1564:Jan Janszoon
1544:
1520:
1492:RaĂŻs Hamidou
1479:Piyale Pasha
1347:
1323:
1320:ۧÙ۱ۧÙŰł ŰÙ
ÙŰŻÙ
1312:RaĂŻs Hamidou
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:RaĂŻs Hamidou
1297:RaĂŻs Hamidou
1256:
1233:
1210:
1148:Khayr al-Din
1141:
1120:
1113:Newfoundland
1098:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1027:
1018:North Africa
1014:
1005:
1000:
992:
977:Conquest of
969:Galley slave
956:
952:
946:
944:
927:
900:
877:
837:
828:
803:
799:
793:
789:
745:
727:
713:
688:
667:
663:
636:
606:
588:
582:
579:Mercedarians
569:17th century
540:
521:
515:
511:
503:
495:
485:
467:, including
461:
447:16th century
405:Trinitarians
402:
369:Dum Diversas
366:
354:
343:in 1830 and
317:Barbary Wars
313:
294:
266:
263:
227:
220:
169:
165:
161:
157:
155:
145:
114:
95:
72:
63:
41:
6639:Pirate code
6614:Keelhauling
6602:Jolly Roger
6464:Will Turner
6399:José Gaspar
6299:Barbe Rouge
6196:Slave trade
5450:Sister Ping
5380:Rachel Wall
5175:Huang Bamei
5155:Henry Every
5110:FĆ«ma KotarĆ
5105:Flying Gang
5020:Calico Jack
5010:Bully Hayes
4813:Falcon Lake
4787:Nosy Boraha
4645:Sea Beggars
4633:Confederate
4603:Filibusters
4327:(1796-1802)
4309:(1790â1792)
4303:(1790â1813)
4203:(1694â1727)
4121:(1620â1621)
3972:(1543-1544)
3753:Hussein Dey
3701:Ali Bitchin
3676:Salé Rovers
3640:Arnaut Mami
3635:Hasan Pasha
3620:Hasan Corso
3470:Territories
3350:Basic Books
2122:: 107â124.
1750:Don Quixote
1571: 1570
1558: 1534
1547:(died 1620)
1535: 1611
1528: 1579
1511: 1560
1504:Ali Bitchin
1500:(1519â1587)
1494:(1773â1815)
1486: 1515
1475:(1498â1563)
1467: 1488
1449: 1535
1438:(died 1553)
1436:Sinan Pasha
1432:(1485â1565)
1430:Turgut Reis
1420:(died 1546)
1414:(died 1482)
1406: 1517
1399:Hasan Pasha
1393: 1688
1380: 1688
1367: 1451
1310:, known as
1275:Reconquista
957:public bath
833:Thomas Luny
804:During the
753: 1670
700: 1615
551:Turgut Reis
475:, who upon
429:Reconquista
385:Reconquista
255:Salé Rovers
205:West Africa
6886:Categories
6798:Categories
6774:Privateers
6736:Matelotage
6670:Air pirate
6634:Pet parrot
6486:The Pirate
6434:Nico Robin
6354:Davy Jones
6294:Tom Ayrton
6268:Pirates in
6157:Piracy Act
6126:Piracy law
6042:North Star
5705:My Revenge
5558:Angelo Emo
5520:Zheng Jing
5485:Thomas Tew
5280:Lo Hon-cho
5100:Flora Burn
5080:Edward Low
5050:Dan Seavey
5045:Chui A-poo
5005:Blackbeard
4950:Anne Bonny
4888:Saint-Malo
4868:Port Royal
4853:Libertatia
4665:Ushkuyniks
4628:Privateers
4623:Narentines
4583:Buccaneers
4513:Golden Age
4189:Morean War
4154:Cretan War
3748:Ali Khodja
3711:Yusuf Reis
3706:Simon Reis
3650:Sinan Reis
3630:Hasan Agha
3610:Aydın Reis
3605:Kemal Reis
3595:Salah Rais
3553:Commanders
3018:References
2802:2022-10-24
2602:2007-12-17
2464:. OBrien.
2240:2010-04-27
2216:2010-05-02
2065:2017-12-11
2022:Review of
1733:Anne Golon
1578:In fiction
1521:Simon Reis
1460:Salih Reis
1418:Sinan Reis
1360:Kemal Reis
1105:privateers
967:See also:
854:corsairs.
838:Until the
764:See also:
670:Royal Navy
668:In 1675 a
651:concubines
549:. In 1551
488:beylerbeys
469:Sinan Reis
441:Kemal Reis
415:attack on
381:Golden Age
178:privateers
43:neutrality
6619:Marooning
6247:Brillante
6036:hijacking
6027:hijacking
6018:hijacking
6009:hijacking
5310:Mary Read
5215:John Hoar
5085:Eli Boggs
5055:Diabolito
4836:and bases
4772:Indonesia
4737:Venezuela
4715:Caribbean
4431:Lazarists
4379:(1829â30)
4349:(1801â05)
4321:(1791â92)
4297:(1785â95)
4279:(1784â92)
4261:(1775â77)
4255:(1774â75)
4249:(1769â72)
4226:(1715â26)
4191:(1684â99)
4173:(1681â85)
4167:(1677â82)
4156:(1645â69)
4115:(1618â22)
4097:(1609â28)
4056:(1568â71)
3863:Conflicts
3795:Diplomacy
3758:Omar Agha
3696:Omar Agha
3500:Cherchell
3338:Boot, Max
2969:0025-3359
2850:164633295
2842:0268-117X
2441:cite book
2435:. London.
2381:cite book
2352:cite book
2331:. London.
2074:cite news
2060:0261-3077
1782:'s opera
1776:Singspiel
1768:'s opera
1424:Piri Reis
1328:Cape Gata
1230:Jack Ward
1138:Oruç Reis
1088:Charles V
1084:Almuñécar
983:Charles V
931:Baltimore
884:Tunisians
842:in 1776,
795:and 1736.
597:) sacked
305:cutlasses
286:Oruç Reis
274:John Ward
66:July 2024
54:talk page
6871:Category
6597:Eyepatch
6469:Zanzibar
6444:Sandokan
6424:Mr. Smee
6289:Askeladd
6217:Incident
6087:incident
5996:incident
5978:incident
5970:incident
5915:incident
5530:Zheng Yi
5525:Zheng Qi
5505:Wang Zhi
5385:Redbeard
5275:Limahong
5225:John Pro
5130:Gan Ning
5015:Cai Qian
4823:Sulu Sea
4650:Sea Dogs
3768:Haji Ali
3590:Occhiali
3346:New York
3340:(2002).
2756:Archived
2537:Archived
2535:Denmark
2252:Archived
2151:Archived
1998:27 March
1800:See also
1647:and the
1180:Zayyanid
1162:for the
880:Sardinia
778:Captain
659:Penzance
615:Florence
500:Cruisers
335:and the
327:and the
270:converts
209:Atlantic
115:Barbaria
47:disputed
6835:Pirates
6764:Pirates
6272:culture
6270:popular
6215:Amistad
6016:Zafirah
5719:Saladin
5551:hunters
5340:Ng Akew
4940:Alfhild
4913:Pirates
4893:Tortuga
4675:Vikings
4571:Algiers
4500:Periods
4406:Slavery
3525:Tetouan
3505:Mahdiya
3495:Bizerte
2346:. Rome.
2173:28 July
1862:Morisco
1794:Algiers
1780:Rossini
1725:, and
1708:Corsair
1382:â 1724)
1336:corsair
1291:TĂ©touan
1267:Morocco
1263:TĂ©touan
1164:Hafsids
1152:Maghreb
1109:Iceland
1039:Algiers
989:in 1535
953:"bagno"
948:bagnios
935:Ireland
895:Dupperé
856:Morocco
852:Barbary
844:British
655:England
644:. They
638:Ireland
631:Tunisia
605:in the
593:(under
433:Maghreb
425:Morisco
413:Genoese
351:History
309:frigate
301:galleys
259:Morocco
243:Tripoli
235:Algiers
222:razzias
213:Iceland
197:Berbers
191:as the
182:Ottoman
174:pirates
6825:Piracy
6731:Mutiny
6629:Pegleg
6580:Tropes
6478:Novels
6374:Franky
6044:affair
5608:Pompey
5549:Pirate
5490:Veborg
4975:Awilda
4863:Mamora
4670:Uskoks
4492:Piracy
4426:Bagnio
4385:(1830)
4373:(1828)
4367:(1825)
4361:(1816)
4355:(1815)
4315:(1791)
4291:(1784)
4285:(1784)
4273:(1783)
4267:(1775)
4243:(1758)
4232:(1732)
4209:(1695)
4197:(1688)
4185:(1683)
4179:(1682)
4150:(1637)
4144:(1631)
4138:(1627)
4132:(1624)
4109:(1615)
4103:(1614)
4091:(1609)
4074:(1584)
4068:(1574)
4062:(1571)
4050:(1565)
4044:(1563)
4038:(1560)
4032:(1558)
4026:(1558)
4020:(1558)
4014:(1556)
4008:(1555)
4002:(1553)
3996:(1552)
3990:(1551)
3984:(1551)
3978:(1550)
3966:(1543)
3960:(1540)
3954:(1539)
3948:(1538)
3942:(1537)
3936:(1535)
3930:(1535)
3924:(1534)
3918:(1529)
3912:(1529)
3906:(1522)
3900:(1519)
3894:(1518)
3888:(1516)
3882:(1501)
3655:Dragut
3485:Annaba
3381:
3356:
3323:
3310:
3292:
3279:
3258:
3240:
3225:online
3215:online
3203:
3190:online
3183:online
3130:
3039:
2992:
2967:
2930:
2903:
2873:
2848:
2840:
2780:. BBC.
2721:
2651:
2626:
2562:
2468:
2310:
2207:
2058:
1934:
1766:Mozart
1744:bagnio
1675:, the
1560:â1638)
1513:â1645)
1488:â1578)
1469:â1568)
1444:(1487â
1408:â1572)
1395:â1784)
1369:â1511)
1324:Amidon
1322:), or
1316:Arabic
1259:Muslim
1218:plague
1168:BĂ©jaia
1160:Djerba
1066:Legacy
1045:, 1684
1002:years.
995:galley
819:treaty
619:Naples
585:, 1637
563:Vieste
547:Lipari
543:Ischia
504:reises
496:reises
492:sultan
458:, 1538
417:Mahdia
409:Franco
325:Sweden
189:Europe
152:, 1650
6757:Lists
6459:Usopp
6449:Sanji
6085:Quest
5994:Irene
5953:Fancy
5945:Bravo
5663:Fancy
5475:Teuta
5415:Rusla
4858:Lundy
4699:Areas
4685:Wokou
3515:Rabat
3053:(PDF)
2846:S2CID
1994:. BBC
1914:Notes
1332:Spain
1279:Moors
1237:Islam
979:Tunis
508:pasha
253:(see
239:Tunis
168:, or
6750:Meta
6429:Nami
6181:1850
6177:1837
6173:1721
6169:1717
6165:1698
6161:1536
5961:Anne
5733:York
5060:Dido
4533:2024
4528:2023
4523:2022
3570:Aruj
3510:Oran
3379:ISBN
3354:ISBN
3321:ISBN
3308:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3277:ISBN
3256:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3201:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3037:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2965:ISSN
2928:ISBN
2901:ISBN
2871:ISBN
2838:ISSN
2719:ISBN
2649:ISBN
2624:ISBN
2560:ISBN
2512:1676
2466:ISBN
2447:link
2387:link
2358:link
2308:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2175:2024
2086:help
2056:ISSN
2000:2019
1932:ISBN
1586:The
1146:and
1144:Aruj
1111:and
1054:and
1020:and
955:for
768:and
599:Bona
555:Gozo
512:agha
471:and
431:and
423:").
284:and
276:and
251:Salé
241:and
176:and
156:The
106:1681
40:The
6032:MV
6023:MT
6014:MT
2957:doi
2830:doi
2670:BBC
2124:doi
1792:of
1790:bey
1774:(a
1764:In
1731:by
1721:by
1711:by
1701:by
1691:by
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1661:by
1651:by
1637:by
1627:by
1617:by
1607:by
1543:or
1519:or
1287:Fez
981:by
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691:by
609:of
523:bey
520:or
517:dey
514:or
297:oar
207:'s
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98:by
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2836:.
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1568:c.
1555:c.
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1525:c.
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