Battle of the Ancre

2428:, through sleet and the right-hand battalion was soon stopped by machine-gun fire. The right flank of the centre right battalion was also stopped but further left the advance reached Munich and Frankfort trenches, where the British were cut off and captured. Troops on the left were stopped at a strongpoint in Munich Trench and held on in no-man's-land until dark. Further left the junction of Lager Alley was captured and down the hill, touch was gained with the 14th Brigade. The 14th Brigade was to capture Ten Tree Alley 500 yd (460 m) forward and form a defensive flank. One battalion began early, advanced down Lager Alley, with its left on Serre Trench and descended the valley towards the village which some troops reached, although most were captured or killed during the day. The next battalion on the left was quickly stopped by German machine-gun fire, after the British barrage fell 600 yd (550 m) too far forward and attempts to bomb forward failed, the battalions of 97th Brigade rallying in Wagon Road and New Munich Trench. German artillery fire was more effective, cutting communication apart from pigeons and runners. The only gain for the brigade was on the left flank near the 1266:

battlefield. On the II Corps front, artillery fire was to simulate an attack on the ground east of the old German second line (Grandcourt line) as would XIII Corps artillery on the German approaches to the northern flank. Slow progress on the south bank by II Corps, attempting to occupy Regina Trench, caused by a serious deterioration in the weather and determined defence by the Germans of the remainder of their positions on the ridge north of Courcelette and Thiepval, caused numerous postponements of the general attack on both sides of the Ancre. Haig's plans of late September were reduced to achieving as much as could be done in periods of better weather. Conditions on the battlefield by mid-October, were "so bad as to make mere existence a severe trial of body and spirit". On 12 November, Beaumont Hamel was subjected to a gas bombardment, similar to one on 28 October, when "sk" (lachrymatory) mortar bombs were fired into the village at midday, to wear out the German garrison's respirators and then in the evening Phosgene was fired by

2404:(270 m), into the south-west part of Grandcourt. The 56th Brigade advanced on the St Pierre Divion–Grandcourt road and along the railway to meet V Corps at Beaucourt. On the right, where the ground to the right of Hansa Road was firm, the attack reached the west end of Grandcourt and the attackers bombed their way to the 57th Brigade troops already there. The left battalions moved forward up the embankment (which was on the north bank of the Ancre where the advance began but was on the south bank between Beaucourt and Grandcourt) parallel to a platoon across the river at Beaucourt Mill and passed north around the west end of Grandcourt. The ground on the railway and the road at the edge of Grandcourt was consolidated by Royal Engineers. The left battalion of the division was to capture Baillescourt Farm on the north bank of the Ancre but one company was stopped by machine-gun fire from Grandcourt, as the other advanced along the railway embankment and sent out a patrol which met one from V Corps. 1286:, the main effort coming from V Corps with the 63rd, 51st, 2nd and 3rd divisions, against positions north of the Ancre, which had not been seriously attacked since 1 July. It was hoped that the intervening nineteen weeks of trench warfare, had substantially reduced German fighting power. Three objective lines were set, the first running from Beaucourt Station (opposite St Pierre Divion)–up Beaumont Hamel valley–eastern outskirts of Beaumont Hamel–Redan Ridge–west of Serre, requiring an advance of 800 yd (730 m) over three German trench lines and four trench lines in places. The second line was 600–1,000 yd (550–910 m) further forward, running west of Beaucourt–east slope of Redan Ridge–east of Serre–west to the boundary of V and XIII Corps, which would be advanced towards Star Wood. The final objective (third line) was set at Beaucourt–the Puisieux road valley–second line. II Corps with the 4th Canadian, 18th, 19th and 39th divisions was to advance from Stuff trench and 167: 2729:

German divisions to the Romanian front, discourage criticism of France and Britain by pro-German opinion in Russia and would give him a success to take to the forthcoming Chantilly Conference, although he stressed that an attack should not be pursued at too great a risk. Prior and Wilson claimed that a small success on the Somme was unlikely to make much difference to Romania and Russia and was "sophistry". In 2009, Philpott called the "shock" that the Fifth Army gave to the Germans on the Ancre, an attack which demonstrated who had won the Battle of the Somme. Philpott described the grounds that historians have given for calling the battle unnecessary and politically motivated in a paragraph, then compared the battle with the attack of 1 July and quoted Ludendorff describing it as "a heavy blow".

1380:, reported that he expected an attack between the Ancre and Gommecourt and that there were signs that British attacks further east were over for the year. On 21 October, Rupprecht favoured withdrawal from St Pierre Divion and Beaumont Hamel but the 1st Army commander took a tactical view, pointing out that withdrawal would forfeit observation from the high ground and that no positions behind the line were better placed. The 12th Division was brought in between the 38th Division at Beaucourt and the 52nd Division at Serre on 22 October. The French attack at Verdun on 24 October, dislocated reliefs on the Somme but British pressure forced the replacement of the seven divisions from Le Transloy to the Ancre from 24 October to 10 November, then the relief of one of the replacement divisions. 1532: 1198:

returned on 24 October. The main attack was postponed until 25 October and then cancelled; Gough was given discretion to continue with postponements by Haig. On 27 October, Gough set 1 November as the provisional date, postponed it again on 29 October to 5 November and on 3 November, Haig gave Gough the choice of cancelling the attack and resuming operations when the weather improved. On 5 November, Haig suggested a subsidiary attack, if the state of the ground justified the effort. Gough proposed an attack on 9 November but preferred to delay the main effort. Haig agreed that there should be no attack until the ground was dry enough for infantry to move freely and there was a forecast of two days of fair weather; another postponement followed.

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Beaumont Hamel behind them and a line of German troops were seen in the mist, guarded by British troops. The mist lifted a little and many lines and waves of British troops were seen on the right flank advancing unopposed. A defensive flank was formed and fire opened on the British, causing many casualties, before a machine-gun began firing at them from behind and to the left, forcing them under cover. A machine-gun began enfilade fire from the right, causing many casualties. An unarmed German officer appeared and announced that he was a prisoner and that the British were through the support and reserve positions and in Beaumont Hamel. The Germans discussed their prospects and surrendered when British troops began bombing along the trench.

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relieved on the left by the 51st Division. The 39th Division was transferred to the command of II Corps on 2 October and then took over the area south of the Ancre on 5 October, by extending its right boundary to relieve the 18th Division at Thiepval. By 7 October XIII Corps had the 51st and 19th Divisions in line and on 8 October, V Corps relieved the 2nd Division with the 3rd and 63rd divisions. Gough issued instructions for the attack on the north bank from 4 to 12 October and arranged for the 1st and 3rd Cavalry divisions to move close to the front line. The artillery of V Corps and XIII Corps steadily bombarded the German defences on the south bank where II Corps operations against

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were eventually recaptured. After a quiet night, the 23rd Division troops from Infantry Regiment 62 at Beaumont Hamel, stood to at dawn in the fog and were surprised by the arrival of the post, which reduced tension; sentries then reported many footfalls in no man's land. The northern flank was devastated by the mine explosion and the front line was simultaneously deluged by shrapnel and mortar fire. The German troops followed the drill for meeting an attack, each man throwing a grenade as they lined the parapet and machine-gunners fired into no-man's-land. The British arrived at intervals in scattered groups, many smoking cigarettes and with their rifles slung.

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by bombing forward and building a strong point in the Quadrilateral, near the top of Redan Ridge, as two tanks in support bogged down early. After dark, the 37th Division in the V Corps area, pushed up Ancre Trench and set up posts in Bois d'Hollande and at Railway and Muck trenches. The 32nd Division, from II Corps reserve, took over from the 2nd Division on the northern defensive flank, where there was considerable confusion over the location of the front line. During the night the right linked up with the 51st Division at New Munich Trench and Leave Avenue. During 17 November, the 32nd Division extended to the right to relieve the 51st Division.

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severely depleted and confusion reigned when some German troops wanted to surrender and others refused. On the left flank, Lager Alley was crossed unrecognised, because of the bombardment and the troops extended the British hold on Serre Trench. Troops withdrew from Munich Trench later in the morning to Wagon Road where they were joined by part of a reserve battalion. On the left flank of the attack, a battalion took over the defensive flank south of the Quadrilateral–Lager Alley, which was linked to the British trench by Cat Street tunnel. Believing that Munich Trench had been captured, two battalions were ordered to attack Frankfort Trench at

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machine-gunners moved into the gap and annihilated two companies and seven runners sent towards the missing battalions were killed. The battalions had been badly hit by German shellfire and the Germans held on to Point 66 on the Courcelette–Grandcourt road, before bombing attacks westwards along Desire Trench until night fell, which allowed the left flanking battalion to reach part of its objective. Posts west of Point 66 were withdrawn and Point 66 was connected to Regina Trench. Next morning more patrols moved west along the trench and by last light it was found that the Germans had withdrawn from the trench as far as Stump Road.

1225:, the French Sixth Army began to consolidate for the winter. After another discussion on 8 November, at the Fifth Army headquarters by Lieutenant-General Launcelot Kiggell, Haig's Chief of the General Staff and Gough, a meeting between Gough and the corps commanders, decided that the attack should begin on 13 November, if the weather stayed dry. Opinion among divisional and brigade commanders varied on the possibility of an attack and that it should go ahead or be cancelled rather than be postponed again; patrols were sent out frequently to report on the state of the ground. On 10 November, Gough set the attack for 182: 65: 2421:, established posts from Bois d'Hollonde west to the Puisieux road and south to Ancre Trench. At dawn both brigades held Muck Trench and were ready to advance, once the 32nd Division on the left captured Frankfort Trench. At zero hour, patrols found German troops in Railway Trench; further to the left British troops bombed their way to the junction of Leave Avenue and Frankfort Trench, where the meeting with the 32nd Division was expected. Puisieux Trench was entered with difficulty and captured down to the Ancre and a patrol met the 19th Division troops on the railway. 1355: 153: 2362:

Frankfort Trenches were still held by the Germans and that casualties had been more severe than hoped. Attacks against Serre were abandoned and the main effort was made on 18 November by II Corps pushing down towards the south bank of the Ancre. V Corps, on the north bank, was to provide flank support by capturing Frankfort Trench, advancing along Ancre Trench and taking Bois d'Hollande. The attack was delayed until 18 November, to be certain that preparations were complete.

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During the writing of the Official History volume in 1938, Kiggell recounted that he had suggested the attack and had remarked that a "cheap" success would counter rumoured hostility from Lloyd George, just before the conference due on 15 November, as "an afterthought". Kiggell asked that Haig's later mentioning of his remark to Gough be omitted, to deny an opportunity for Haig's critics to criticise his motives.

1121:(15–22 September) the Anglo-French armies tried to press their advantage with smaller attacks in quick succession, rather than pausing to regroup and give the Germans time to recover. Subsequent writers gave discrete dates for the Anglo-French battles but there were considerable overlaps and continuities of operations until the weather and supply difficulties in mid-November ended the battle until the new-year. 2707:(drumfire); the German defensive barrage failed to have much effect, due to visibility being nil in the fog, leaving the infantry unsupported. The 12th Division was blamed for lacking solidity and discipline and the divisional headquarters was severely criticised for inertia, which had only been remedied when the 1st Army headquarters took over. Edmund Blunden called the battle "a feat of arms vieing [ 1221:. Haig explained that the Fourth Army would be attacking at other points on 5 November and Cavan agreed to make certain that the French left flank was protected. On 6 November, Rawlinson announced that the Fifth Army operation due in the Ancre valley had been reduced and that the Fourth Army would conduct "modified operations", intended to stop the Germans moving troops from France. Apart from attacks near 1571:

from the 6th Brigade area, where the advance had been held up by fog and mud, then fire from "The Quadrilateral" in the middle of the 6th Brigade area, where some troops on the right managed to reach the first objective. The junction of Beaumont Trench and Lager Alley was blocked; some troops veered north-east after finding stray troops from the 3rd Division and assuming that they had lost direction. By

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prisoners praising their treatment, although mud, icy winds, sleet and driving rain may have had more effect. Illness and exposure became common among German troops and at the end of 1916 was almost universal, leading to numerous reports warning that the German troops in the area, were unlikely to be able to resist further attacks. British attacks resumed in the

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Division. A battalion from the 58th Brigade made no progress against Stump Road; the 56th Brigade attacked on the right by assembling in no man's land before Stuff Trench, with a machine-gun company attached and followed up by Engineer and Pioneer parties, ready to help consolidate captured ground. The mist helped conceal the British troops, who by

2306:(300 m), hitting coaches, wagons in sidings and two station buildings. Other squadrons raided supply dumps at Courselles and Logeast Wood. Air fighting on 16 November began when six British aircraft intercepted three German two-seaters, which had been sent to attack British artillery observation aircraft and shot them down. A new 2740:

that in October the battle "still had potential". Philpott described a conference at Boulogne, where Lloyd George failed to challenge the strategic consensus, was "maybe too pusillanimous" and should have resigned if he really opposed the battle. Philpott made the fate of Rumania the main concern of French and British politicians.

2315:. On 17 November fewer combats with German aircraft occurred, three aircraft being lost and three German aircraft being shot down. On 18 November, the final day of the ground operation, a thaw set in and rain and snow reduced visibility, making it impossible for British troops to be seen, even at low level. 2739:

and Arthur Waterhouse, who took part, had written on the success of the battle and that the British had matched the Germans, who had defeated them at Beaumont Hamel on 1 July. Philpott contradicted Prior and Wilson and their claim that the War Committee had ignored Haig's "flights of fancy" and wrote

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to Lesbœufs, captured the north corner and western fringe of St Pierre Vaast Wood but were repulsed along the rest of the attack front; French counter-attacks made progress on the northern spur of St Pierre Vaast Wood. On the morning of 16 November, the Germans entered Saillisel and Presssoir further

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On 15 November, Gough was visited again by Kiggell to discuss the end of the offensive. After consultations with his subordinates, Gough asked for permission to continue for two more days, weather permitting, which was given that evening. By the morning of 16 November, Gough had heard that Munich and

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the 5th Brigade was ready to advance on the second objective and reached Frankfort Trench so depleted, that the troops fell back to Munich trench, Wagon Road then Crater Lane in the German front line. The reserve brigade moved forward at the same time and two battalions were sent to reinforce the 5th

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Both brigades of the 51st Division attacked the first objective (green line) at Station Road and Beaumont Hamel and then the final objective (yellow line) at Frankfort Trench with three battalions, while the fourth provided carrying parties. Six minutes before zero, the leading battalion of the right

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armies were to attack on 23 October and the reduced Reserve Army attack on both sides of the Ancre was to begin on 25 October. Gough issued a new operation order on 15 October and began another reorganisation on the north side of the Ancre. The II Corps operation on 21 October succeeded but the rains

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On 19 November troops of the 19th Division defeated a German counter-attack at the west end of Grandcourt. Another defensive position was dug from the Ancre to Battery Alley 500 yd (460 m) away from the Grandcourt line, from which the British retired, as they were overlooked from the south

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early on 14 November. On the south bank, the 38th Division was being relieved by part of the 223rd Division, which having been formed a month earlier from youths and returning wounded, was of limited efficiency. The British barrage here was accurate and St Pierre Divion was captured with the loss of

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and were caught in their barrage, some troops reaching Frankfort Trench then returning to New Munich Trench. A 2nd Division attack with two battalions of the 37th Division lost direction in the mist and fell back to Wagon Road with many casualties, while a third battalion strengthened the left flank

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and digging in around the eastern outskirts. Beaucourt Trench was captured on the left and troops began to bomb down it towards Leave Avenue but no troops of the 51st Division were found. Two tanks were sent forward to help mop up German troops holding out in the front line, one bogged but the other

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another battalion reinforced the attack. Troops skirted the ravine to the north and early in the afternoon a battalion from the reserve brigade attacked Beaumont Hamel from the south, joined by troops in the vicinity. The left brigade was held up in places by uncut wire, south of Hawthorn Crater and

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The German (1st and 2nd), French (Sixth and Tenth) and British (Fourth and Reserve/Fifth) armies, settled down to endure winter on the Somme. The British kept pressure on the German defenders with artillery fire, air attacks during bright spells and propaganda leaflets, purporting to be from German

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In 2005, Prior and Wilson claimed that Gough had been put in an invidious position and that having the meeting recorded by his Chief of Staff Neil Malcolm, was "unprecedented". Haig had arrived later and described to Gough some of his strategic thinking, that an attack would prevent the transfer of

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many British soldiers being captured as they tried to withdraw and their prisoners liberated. In the Ancre valley the 58th Division on the south bank, was being relieved by the 56th Division when the British attack began. The German positions began 980 ft (300 m) north of Regina Trench at

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the British were consolidating the village. Part of the 26th Reserve Division was hurried south from near Cambrai by lorry and forced march, then sent to join the remnants of the 12th Division around Beaumont Hamel. Ground to a depth of 6,600 ft (2,000 m) had been lost in the Ancre valley

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Signal rockets were fired for the artillery but in the fog went unseen and the rest were thrown into no-man's-land to illuminate the British as they drew close, many of them falling into German trenches as they were shot. After about two hours, the British attack abated, when cheers were heard from

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began the defence of the village, which lasted for several days. Troops of the division had detected British digging in no-man's-land despite the fog and a patrol reported the British approach. Confusion caused by the mist allowed the British to get into the first two trenches north of Serre, which

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Air observation for the infantry attack which began on 13 November was not possible, because of dense white fog during the day. On the morning of 14 November the mist cleared and 4 and 15 Squadrons flew contact patrols, which revealed the capture of Beaucourt and ground to the north-west. Artillery

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The 2nd Division advanced along Redan Ridge. The 5th Brigade on the right formed up in no man's land, hugged the barrage and got into the German front line easily. Two battalions reached Beaumont Trench on schedule and the other two formed a defensive flank facing north and repelled bombing attacks

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would go some way to redeem the failure of 1 July and obtain ground on which the British would have a tactical advantage. The attack was the largest in the British sector since September and had a seven-day preliminary bombardment, which was twice as heavy as that of 1 July. The capture of Beaumont

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20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m) wide, 3–4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) deep and flowing through marshes 200–300 yd (180–270 m) wide. North of the Somme are successive spurs of chalk downs which rise to the north, with villages and substantial woods in the dips and crests. Folds run parallel

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and Ablaincourt were captured by the Tenth Army. Numerous German counter-attacks, including a big attack, after a two-day bombardment, at Bois Kratz and Pressoir on 15 November were defeated, after the Germans had gained a foothold at the east end of Pressoir and then been pushed out. North of the

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Redoubt to the south and early on had success in confused fighting, when the headquarters of III Battalion, Infantry Regiment 77 in Serre was captured. In a costly defensive success, which owed much to the great assistance from German artillery, the British attack was defeated by the evening, with

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was captured and four more German aircraft were shot down by offensive patrols, which lost two aircraft. During the night bombing and machine-gun attacks resumed on German railheads, supply dumps and an airfield near Flesquières, while German night bombers raided a French airfield at Cachy and hit

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them. Two battalions of infantry were caught on the road near Achiet le Petit and heavily bombarded. During the night ten aircraft from 18 Squadron made low attacks on railway stations, trains and road transport with bombs and machine-guns. A German aircraft followed two of the British aircraft to

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advanced to the edge of Beaucourt, before withdrawing slightly and digging-in under artillery fire, before gaining touch with troops from the 39th Division from across the river. The German strong point on Beaumont Hamel spur was attacked many times but little ground was gained. As night fell, the

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Constant shelling and wet weather exhausted the German troops and cut off the flow of supplies until 11 November, when the British shellfire eased. On 6 November, Below and Lossberg the 1st Army Chief of Staff, concluded that the Ancre–Serre salient was too dangerous to hold, due to artillery fire

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Division to be strengthened to make a possible British attack from Miraumont to Pys a slow and costly advance. Below also ordered an unyielding defence of the German positions north of the Ancre, even in positions enfiladed from the south. After the German recapture of La Maisonette on 29 October,

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on the first objective and the 19th Division would then attack Grandcourt and Baillescourt Farm. The 4th Canadian and 18th divisions would then advance and take Grandcourt Trench to link with the 19th Division at the east end of Grandcourt. II Corps was then to cross the Ancre to take Baillescourt

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No man's land 50 yd (46 m) back from the front trench was to be bombarded by 25 percent of the 18-pounders, to cover the infantry as it advanced from the British line. After six minutes the bombardment would creep forward at 100 yd (91 m) in five minutes, pausing on the reserve

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The V Corps bombardment was intended to create tactical surprise, by the heavy artillery firing on the German front line thirty minutes before dawn each morning, for an hour of intense fire joined by the field artillery. It was hoped that the German garrisons would become accustomed to the routine

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guns, fifty-six 6-inch howitzers and sixteen 8-inch, twenty-eight 9.2-inch, one 12-inch and two 15-inch howitzers. II Corps: thirty 13-pounder guns, four hundred and five 18-pounder guns and nine heavy and siege artillery groups with a hundred 4.5-inch howitzers and four 4.7-inch guns, sixty-six

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A dispute exists among historians as to the motives for the attack. Gough was visited by Kiggell on 12 November and told that a tactical success would be helpful at the forthcoming conference at Chantilly, although he emphasised that Gough was not to begin a battle under unfavourable conditions.

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Attempts to reinforce the troops on both banks of the Ancre began immediately. Infantry Regiment 144 (IR144) of the 223rd Division was rushed to Beaucourt and Ancre Trench behind the village. A battalion moved up on the south bank of the river then crossed an improvised bridge to occupy Puisieux

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and began digging in behind Desire Support Trench, before losses from flanking fire forced them to retreat to Regina Trench. The 11th Brigade attacked in "blinding sleet"; the 75th Battalion lost direction and veered west, crossing the Courcelette–Pys road but the brigade reached the rest of its

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at Beaumont Hamel found that the weeks of bombardment, lately from the flank and rear, had destroyed the German trenches and wire, although in the front line, most dugouts, 20–26 ft (6–8 m) deep, survived. Each morning the British simulated an attack, which sapped the alertness of the

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was to attack Desire and Desire Support trenches south of Grandcourt, roughly parallel to the Ancre. On the extreme right of the attack, east of the road towards Pys the 10th Brigade attacked to form the eastern flank of the attack and was obstructed by a new German trench; on the far right the

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batteries firing in the area being silenced. Contact patrols found the location of British troops easily, although one aircraft was shot down and two observers returned wounded. The railway junction at Hirson 90 mi (140 km) away, was bombed by 27 Squadron, attacking from 1,000 ft

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Before the Somme offensive, the ground was divided into zones to enable the rapid engagement of sudden targets. Zones were based on the lettered squares of the army 1:40,000 map; each map square was divided into four sections 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) square. The observer used a

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by advancing an hour before zero but had many casualties from an inaccurate British barrage. Many troops got lost in the mist and some strayed into Leave Avenue in the 51st Division area, thinking that it was Munich Trench, where they were pinned down. Troops which did reach Munich Trench were

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and a full moon illuminated the landscape. Towards dawn on 13 November, a mist developed which reduced visibility to nil. The mist helped the British advance by reducing visibility but caused many units to lose the barrage as they struggled through mud. II Corps attacked on the right with 19th

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was moved in on the left of the 39th Division to hold the ground from Redan Ridge to the army boundary. On 4 October the XIII Corps headquarters was brought out of reserve, to control 1,500 yd (1,400 m) of the front line up to the junction with the Third Army and the 2nd Division was

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Air reconnaissance reports late in the afternoon of 17 November, indicated that the Germans had abandoned Puisieux Trench and the Grandcourt line south of the river. Gough ordered both corps commanders to send patrols and occupy the trenches if possible. New orders were issued, extending the

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The British front line north of the Ancre had been moved forward across no-man's-land, until the average width was less than 250 yd (230 m). It was intended to isolate the battlefield with artillery and bombard Pys, Irles, Miraumont and Puisieux and the main trenches leading to the

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Desire Trench on the right flank next to the Canadians was captured and a gap between the two right-hand battalions was closed by converging grenade attacks. The two battalions on the left flank disappeared into a gap where the 19th Division had lost direction and veered to the left. German

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brigades advanced with all four battalions forward and with two in support from the reserve brigade. On the right, the advance met much German machine-gun fire from the start but captured the German front trenches, then advanced on time to capture Beaucourt Station and Station Road, taking

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troops managing to escape much later on. Further west, the British lost direction in the snow, then found it again but were stopped by uncut wire on the right, with many casualties. On the left, troops got into the Grandcourt line and pushed across Battery Valley on a front of 300 yd

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massed machine-gun fire north of the Auchonvillers–Beaumont Hamel road. Two tanks were sent up, one bogging between the German front and support lines and the other north of the village. Consolidation began and three battalions were withdrawn to the German reserve line and reinforced at

2627:, were ordered to retire there in the evening of 18 November. Further east the German defence of the Pys–Courcelette road was forced back, until a counter-attack stopped the British advance. By the evening, German defenders held ground either side of the road, in an arc between 3009:

troops went to ground 300 yd (270 m) behind the German front line and were not noticed until 23 November, capturing German soldiers who strayed too close. Two German attacks on 24 November failed and the British survivors surrendered to stormtroops who attacked on 25

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the remainder of the 6th Brigade was ordered back to the British front line to reorganise and two attacks by the reserve brigade were ordered then cancelled. Overnight the ground was consolidated and two 37th Division battalions were sent up from corps reserve next morning.

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To be ready for the big attack intended for 12 October, Gough began to concentrate more troops in the area north of the Ancre. In early October the north bank was held by the 39th Division of V Corps up to the boundary with the Third Army at Hébuterne. On 1 October, the

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In II Corps, the 19th Division raided Stump Road and Lucky Way and began the relief of the 39th Division by extending its front to the Ancre, which was completed in the early hours of 15 November. In V Corps the 63rd Division continued an attack on Beaucourt Trench at

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The 39th Division attacked to the west of the 19th Division, with the 118th Brigade on its right flank. The brigade formed up on tapes laid without the German sentries noticing and one battalion advanced north about 1,100 yd (1,000 m) to the Hansa line by

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to reach the first objective and then move on after a pause of an hour. After five minutes of silence a lifting bombardment, beginning with intense fire, would signal the infantry to begin their advance. The attack by the 63rd Division on Beaucourt was to begin

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The British attack was to fulfil complementary objectives. Political discontent in London would be muted by a big victory, as would doubts of British commitment by its allies and British loyalty to the Chantilly strategy of 1915 would be upheld. The capture of

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but British attacks were costly failures. South and east of Grandcourt, British attacks from Stump Road during the morning were repulsed. The German command believed that the British offensive had ended on 14 November and the German 2nd Army commander General

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forcing the infantry out into shell-holes. A company tried to bomb down Leave Avenue with no effect and during the night the digging of New Munich Trench began, in ignorance of the German evacuation of Munich Trench. The 2nd Division attacked Munich Trench at

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Battalion 120th Reserve Regiment was destroyed by an attack from behind. The 144th and 29th Regiments defended Grandcourt, where the 29th Regiment was defeated and the survivors pushed into the area of the 144th Regiment further east. South of Grandcourt, at

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was to fight for every piece of ground and where there were enough men, ground was to be recaptured and fortified. Work was ordered to build new defensive strongpoints to shelter troops in reserve and then connect them into lines, the rear of the 5th

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brigade was hampered by a British smoke barrage. Fire from numerous machine-guns, forced survivors from the 46th Battalion to retire. The 50th Battalion companies found little German resistance, lost touch with the 11th Brigade to the left, took

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Further south, Infantry Regiment 55 (IR55) of the 38th Division was forced to withdraw to avoid being surrounded after the breakthrough at Beaumont Hamel, allowing the British to advance around St Pierre Divion and Beaucourt; the British taking

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call-sign of the map square letter then the zone letter to signal to the artillery, which was fired on by all guns and howitzers up to 6 in (150 mm) able to bear on the target, using corrections of aim from the air observer as normal.

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and the German first line was easily occupied. The advance to the support trench was contested all morning, with German bombers counter-attacking towards Star Wood. Carrying parties were held up in no man's land by German artillery fire and at

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division had linked with the 51st Division on the left, in the German support trench. Reinforcements from the reserve brigade and an extra battalion reached Beaucourt and extended the position to the left as far as Beaucourt Alley by

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counter-attacks against the French at Sailly-Saillisel and elsewhere were cancelled, yet there were no reinforcements for the 12th Division in the Ancre sector. A "fresh" regiment of the 12th Division took over at Beaumont Hamel from

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The British attack got forward 600 yd (550 m) beyond Beaucourt, despite many casualties caused by massed German machine-gun fire and local counter-attacks. On the south bank the front of the 106th Regiment was broken and

2398:

The 19th Division attacked with two brigades. On the right the 57th Brigade advance reached German positions west of Stump road on the boundary of the 18th Division and pressed on before being cut off and taken prisoner;

1509:

reached the first objective. On the extreme left, only isolated groups managed to advance, where they met troops from the 51st Division. The left brigade began bombing attacks and the reserve brigade was sent forward. By

1446:

The seven-day bombardment cut the wire on most of the attack front and destroyed many German defensive positions, except the dugouts built deep below the villages near the front-line. The rain stopped on the night of

1262:(Regina Trench to the Canadians at the east end and Stuff Trench to the British at the western end, north of Thiepval) and conducted a simulated offensive with artillery bombardments, wire-cutting and smoke screens. 2620:

the 173rd regiment had been overrun by the time they emerged from their dugouts. The 8th North Staffordshire pressed on and was cut off and eventually surrendered. German troops who had not been pushed back into

4243:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (repr. Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: 2333:

In V Corps, the 37th Division relieved the 63rd Division and linked with the 51st Division to the north. Bombing attacks began up Beaucourt Trench towards Munich Trench, which reached the 51st Division around

4098:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. 1476:

The battalion cleared dugouts in the side of the river bank and along the top, then met some of the troops of 118th Brigade who were lost and combined to attack St Pierre Divion, which was captured around

2189:

was to attack with the 92nd Brigade on a 500 yd (460 m) front to form a defensive flank. Two battalions advanced at midnight with snipers and Lewis gunners in support. The main attack began at

1514:

troops were digging in along the German reserve line in the south, while three battalions were held up along the German front line, although some of their troops appeared on the Beaumont Hamel spur. At

1325:

after zero, preceded by a bombardment from all available artillery. A few tanks were available and the bombardment was twice the weight of that before 1 July. A machine-gun barrage (first tried at the

2842:

end of the Grandcourt line, where it was still held by the Germans. Puisieux trench was abandoned, when the 19th Division was withdrawn from Grandcourt that night. The Battle of the Somme lasted from

2242:

when the 37th Division brigade, attached to the 63rd Division advanced but the orders were late and only strong patrols could be organised in time, which were forced back by the Germans. At

2850:

in St Pierre Vaast Wood. On 22 November, part of the 96th Brigade tried to rescue infantry of the 16th Battalion, Highland Light Infantry, who were trapped in Frankfort Trench south of the

2277:

troops spotted in a ravine north of Beaucourt were heavily bombarded by British heavy artillery after a "zone call". Another observer directing fire from a siege battery saw approximately

2286:

their base and bombed the aerodrome, leaving craters in the landing-ground. A dummy landing-ground was illuminated as a ruse and was machine-gunned by a German aircraft later that night.

2199:

a German attack from Star Wood in the open was "destroyed" by British machine-gun fire from the flank. Due to the failure of the 3rd Division attack, the brigade was ordered to retire at

2174:. Waist-deep mud caused a fiasco; some troops from the 8th Brigade reached the German support line, then fell back and some lost direction. The 76th Brigade had the same trouble and at 599: 6176: 6191: 2170:

attacked Serre with two brigades, the 8th Brigade on the right using all four battalions and the 76th Brigade on the left attacking with two battalions and two in support, with

2508:(Old Württemberg Redoubt) from which, with part of the 223rd Division, they devastated two British battalions advancing closer to the river; its reserve regiment was rushed to 6375: 2383:

objectives, taking most of Desire Support Trench. Patrols went forward to Grandcourt Trench, found a few Germans, then took prisoner a German detachment near Coulee Trench,

6828: 1481:

Three tanks were to advance from Thiepval to assist but one was bogged on the drive to the village, the second broke down and the third reached the German front line at

6803: 2527:

and German troops fought hard to contain the British advance around Beaucourt and Grandcourt. On the morning of 14 November, British artillery cut the link between the

2424:

The 32nd Division was to attack Munich and Frankfort trenches, between Leave Avenue and Lager Alley. On the right the 97th Brigade advanced with all four battalions at

1346:

the II Corps commander protested against the plan and was over-ruled, despite patrols from the 19th Division finding Germans repairing the wire of the Grandcourt line.

2214:

advancing from Station Road and losing direction in the mist. Some troops got to within 200 yd (180 m) of Beaucourt Trench and waited for the attack due at

1217:

Rawlinson informed Haig that he was going to limit the next attack, which led to a conference at Fourth Army headquarters on 4 November, attended by Haig and General

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on 13 November. After studying the Fifth Army plans, Haig allowed the attack to go ahead and Gough later arranged with the corps commanders, that operations towards

5910: 5081: 6352: 1472:

the 117th Brigade attacked from Mill Road up the Ancre valley next to the river, with one battalion and achieved surprise, despite a special barrage from twelve

6380: 4894: 362: 1148:] with any recorded. The enemy was surprised and beaten". Four German divisions had to be relieved due to the number of casualties they suffered and over 6568: 6295: 5987: 4952: 592: 2846:

on the British reckoning. In the southern sector, the Fourth Army ended operations on 16 November and on the French sector, the final action took place on

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French night bombers dropped 1.5 long tons (1.5 t) of bombs on a railway station and aviation park. Preparations began for an advance to a line from

6818: 6583: 6338: 1342:

Farm. V Corps was to synchronise its advance to Pusieux Trench and River Trench up to Artillery Alley on the north bank of the Ancre. Lieutenant-General

6578: 6268: 6219: 6134: 2924: 6823: 6422: 2889:

60-pounder guns, four 6-inch guns, seventy-eight 6-inch howitzers, twenty-eight 8-inch, thirty-six 9.2-inch, three 12-inch and two 15-inch howitzers.

2880:

V Corps: three hundred and sixty-four 18-pounder guns, a hundred and eight 4.5-inch howitzers and eight Heavy and Siege Artillery Groups with eight

829: 585: 288: 6263: 5628: 2861: 891: 566: 34: 4465: 2297:

aircraft led to "devastating" fire on trenches full of German infantry. An artillery battery was destroyed, seven gun-pits were demolished and

5059: 2996:

After the battle of Boom Ravine on 17 February 1917, the ground was searched and fifty British dead were found, preserved by the cold weather.

1485:

then fell into a dug-out, where it was attacked by the Germans. A messenger pigeon was sent by the tank crew for help but infantry arrived at

5121: 6808: 6323: 6253: 5892: 5111: 5022: 2496:

prisoners, including all of I Battalion, 23rd Regiment and its headquarters. On the north bank, the survivors of IR55 made a stand in the

6347: 5245: 4699: 524: 158: 4577: 1456:

had reached their objective, partly along Lucky Way, a sunken road leading into Grandcourt. No German counter-attacks were encountered.

100: 4922: 1282:

river, which flowed between Thiepval and Beaumont Hamel. Gough intended to reduce the head of the German salient between Thiepval and

5252: 1174: 812: 4904: 2235:

German troops were seen massing near Baillescourt Farm and dispersed by artillery; the captured ground was consolidated overnight.

6573: 2417:

V Corps attacked with two divisions north of the Ancre river. The 37th Division moved on its right through Beaucourt and at about

1554:

with a stray party from the 63rd Division. The battalion pushed on then withdrew slightly to Station Road. On the left, fire from

6505: 6343: 6330: 6287: 6196: 5922: 5731: 5638: 5540: 5298: 4945: 2522:

Trench but no counter-attack could be organised amid the chaos. Some German troops in Beaucourt were attacked from behind and by

6697: 6687: 6555: 2470: 2167: 1252: 6469: 6403: 6240: 6119: 5792: 4818: 4674: 4622: 4558: 4519: 4411: 4392: 4373: 4351: 4332: 4311: 4292: 4271: 4252: 4229: 4203: 4182: 4163: 4144: 4125: 4103: 4084: 2721:, the official historian, amended Miles' text to make Kiggell the origin of the political calculation, give due emphasis to 2338:

Patrols to Muck and Railway trenches found them empty (except for mud). Companies of the 51st and 2nd divisions attacked at

2293:

and frost which improved the going for the infantry. Artillery co-operation worked well on 16 November when area calls from

6644: 6064: 4856: 4638: 2927:

lay on the south bank of the Ancre in the valley between Thiepval and Beaumont Hamel and was still held by the German army.

1189:

attack of 18 October, caused another revision of the plan. The Reserve Army was to capture the rest of Thiepval Ridge with

1166: 281: 4553:. Foreign Military Studies. Translated by Zabecki, D. T.; Biedekarken, D. J. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 2651:

south, by the evening they had been forced out; three German divisions had suffered many casualties. French airmen fought

6415: 5374: 4879: 2390:

West of the Canadians the 18th Division attacked with the 55th Brigade, which assembled in no man's land on the snow. By

1567:, while one battalion formed a defensive flank to the south, as the positions reached by the 63rd Division were unknown. 1304:

Redoubt–St Pierre Divion, as far back as Beaucourt, securing the road bridges by Beaucourt station and Beaucourt mill by

1202: 534: 470: 6629: 1364:

Agents had warned the German command by 12 October, that an offensive was looming on the Ancre and in diary entries for

6614: 5904: 5313: 5071: 1531: 1369: 4585:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery. 1464:

while three battalions attacked north-west to Mill Trench and then reached the station crossing and Beaucourt Mill by

677: 6489: 6183: 5999: 5278: 4749: 630: 213: 1185:

attack was reduced from a converging attack towards the Ancre river, to an attack up the valley. The failure of the

5741: 5676: 4714: 1046: 350: 2469:

began on the German front line and a mine went off in the 1 July mine crater on Hawthorn Ridge. Around Serre, the

1505:

The two battalions on the left were severely depleted by machine-gun fire, as was the left brigade although about

6740: 6545: 6525: 6312: 6248: 6071: 5940: 4851: 4771: 4709: 2953: 1542:

brigade moved beyond the British wire and advanced when the new 30,000 lb (13 long tons; 14 t) mine at

1118: 748: 460: 416: 274: 5412: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6520: 6214: 4866: 4841: 4739: 4096:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras

2186: 2936:

The 38th, 222nd, Bavarian Ersatz, 4th Guard, 58th, 1st Guard Reserve, 23rd Reserve and 24th Reserve divisions.

1436: 6838: 6515: 6510: 6474: 6408: 6300: 6146: 5736: 5588: 5126: 5054: 4985: 4754: 4724: 4719: 4344:

Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

1182: 1110: 770: 2273:

batteries, many of which were silenced by counter-battery fire. German infantry were harassed from the air;

2218:

The 190th Brigade advanced on time, linked with the troops near the objective and entered Beaucourt, taking

694: 6813: 6464: 6091: 6031: 5928: 5833: 5603: 5389: 5093: 4932: 4831: 1337:

objectives for the attack planned for 18 November. The new plan for 18 November allowed II Corps a halt of

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had been renamed the Fifth Army on 30 October. The battle was the last of the big British attacks of the

6702: 6139: 6124: 5982: 5934: 5706: 5257: 5131: 5044: 5039: 4808: 4796: 4791: 1528:

Two battalions reached the first objective by midnight and a battalion took over the British front line.

1493: 1178: 1170: 1091: 1069: 1041: 1021: 854: 609: 482: 477: 200: 20: 5318: 2260:

and were surprised by German machine-gun fire from Munich Trench; the survivors withdrew to Wagon Road.

711: 6682: 6639: 5916: 5681: 5666: 5568: 5437: 5005: 4917: 4874: 4361: 4198:. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 1206: 1114: 1016: 1006: 984: 918: 834: 824: 797: 625: 27: 6624: 6392: 5976: 5964: 5726: 5711: 5432: 5323: 5017: 4995: 4744: 4734: 4667: 1431: 1237:

would begin if the attack on 13 November went well but avoided detail, due to the uncertain weather.

1190: 1064: 1036: 991: 974: 930: 844: 765: 721: 716: 504: 5578: 4458: 2748: 2481: 2407: 2351: 367: 6833: 6599: 6086: 6076: 6005: 5958: 5946: 5886: 5701: 5696: 5618: 5027: 5000: 4704: 4241:

Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

2920: 2722: 1377: 1333:

September) was to be laid on the German machine-guns dug in along the ridge behind Beaumont Hamel.

1326: 1135: 1102: 1031: 969: 945: 849: 775: 492: 487: 450: 357: 6798: 6670: 6662: 6604: 6364: 6059: 5822: 5656: 5651: 5583: 5442: 5427: 5422: 5402: 5283: 5160: 2946: 2433: 996: 957: 935: 785: 726: 652: 389: 345: 340: 315: 204: 5623: 6437: 6161: 6096: 5952: 5686: 5613: 5563: 5548: 5530: 5503: 5417: 5384: 5049: 5010: 4990: 4801: 4694: 4647: 2641:

French operations south of the Somme were delayed by bad weather until 7 November. Bois Kratz,

1543: 1427: 1011: 979: 940: 908: 839: 807: 780: 753: 662: 549: 443: 421: 399: 320: 4195:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

4156:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

2601:, which the Germans were able partly to wire before 18 November. The last line of defence was 790: 519: 438: 6427: 6081: 5970: 5746: 5716: 5646: 5593: 5515: 5483: 5457: 5407: 5338: 5240: 5193: 4977: 4846: 4729: 4594: 2466: 2374: 1026: 1001: 859: 741: 645: 455: 172: 2356:

Field kitchen of the 2nd Battalion, Manchester Regiment near St Pierre Divion, November 1916

2281:

infantry sheltering in trenches, brought immediate artillery fire on them and then the crew

1283: 1278:

Gough planned to attack on 13 November, with five divisions from II and V Corps astride the

1130: 394: 6777: 6692: 5379: 5353: 5303: 4660: 2718: 2642: 913: 406: 382: 325: 5328: 4284:

Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I

2907:

behind the original German front line, forming a ridge which culminates at the village of

2486:

A Padre helping a wounded German prisoner along (13 November 1916, near Aveluy Wood) Q4505

8: 6759: 5898: 5762: 5721: 5598: 5558: 5553: 5498: 5181: 5175: 5076: 4642: 4421: 2647: 1194: 923: 879: 874: 689: 667: 377: 372: 335: 298: 52: 6712: 6719: 6634: 5993: 5857: 5839: 5804: 5768: 5608: 5573: 5525: 5510: 5397: 5348: 5187: 5146: 4826: 4573: 4446: 2660: 1095: 896: 736: 657: 465: 433: 64: 635: 6752: 6746: 6707: 6609: 6442: 6025: 5880: 5863: 5671: 5493: 5473: 5308: 5293: 5223: 5211: 4912: 4889: 4836: 4618: 4586: 4554: 4537: 4515: 4480: 4474: 4427: 4407: 4388: 4369: 4347: 4328: 4307: 4288: 4282: 4267: 4248: 4225: 4199: 4193: 4178: 4159: 4140: 4121: 4099: 4080: 4072: 4060: 4036: 4030: 962: 903: 706: 561: 330: 2725:

considerations and deference to the tactical judgement of Gough by Haig and Kiggell

2432:

where a slight advance was made and consolidated. Ninety men of the 16th Battalion,

2412:

Water refilling point on the Ancre at the causeway of Mill Road, November 1916 Q4578

5810: 5780: 5774: 5691: 5520: 5488: 5478: 5217: 5141: 5136: 5064: 4884: 4784: 4120:. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. 2949: 2571:(Desire Support Trench), the main line of defence 490 ft (150 m) back in 2541: 1267: 1222: 864: 640: 428: 411: 217: 4304:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

2911:. Thiepval had been captured by 28 September, from which observers could see from 2373:

began in sleet, which later turned to rain, visibility being nil. In II Corps the

1354: 6619: 6459: 5798: 5358: 5333: 5032: 4940: 4779: 4113: 2977:

in the 22nd Royal Fusiliers, was killed by a German sniper during this operation.

2178:

an attempt was made to collect exhausted men scattered around in shell-holes. At

1373: 1106: 1059: 731: 556: 221: 56: 6452: 6432: 6103: 5816: 5661: 5452: 5343: 5199: 5103: 5086: 4507: 2974: 2957: 2916: 2736: 2440:) were cut off in Frankfort Trench, where they held out until 21 November when 2437: 1218: 1139: 1126: 802: 672: 539: 208: 6792: 6563: 5851: 5845: 5288: 5205: 5116: 4590: 4484: 4137:

Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories 1915–1948

4064: 4040: 2307: 684: 187: 115: 102: 4541: 6013: 5447: 4529: 1098: 4431: 4322: 1316:

line of the German front trench system before moving on. The infantry had

6224: 6129: 5827: 5262: 4683: 4536:(repr. Cedric Chivers, London ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. 3019:

Military units after the first one mentioned are French unless specified.

2903: 2766:, more than 50 percent being "missing". Losses in the 37th Division from 1408:

from the flank and rear and Below contemplated a withdrawal to Lesbœufs.

1343: 1210: 2595:(Boom Ravine). About 330 ft (100 m) behind these defences lay 2246:

Munich Trench was occupied but British artillery began to bombard it at

2323:

On 15 November, the 39th Division of II Corps completed the capture of

1606: 544: 2461:

was quiet, then near dawn a mist formed and cut visibility to nil. At

1209:

commander, wrote to Rawlinson, objecting to the renewal of attacks on

6019: 5786: 2899: 2774:

sickness as well as casualties. In the 51st (Highland) Division from

2822:, that two divisions were relieved twice, in what Ludendorff called 1536:

51st (Highland) Division objectives at Beaumont Hamel, November 1916

1311:

and not react, when the opening bombardment for the attack began at

6279: 2912: 2908: 2544:

and Crown Prince Rupprecht requested leave (Gallwitz had to wait).

4551:

Lossberg's War: The World War I Memoirs of a German Chief of Staff

3904: 2753:

Prisoners taken by the 51st (Highland) Division, 13 November 1916.

1383:

On 22 October, Below ordered that on the south side of the Ancre,

266: 4224:(Arms & Armour Press ed.). London: Weidenfeld Military. 2919:

on the rising ground of the north side of the Ancre valley, with

2664: 4569:

1914–1918 (Berlin, Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn 1939)

577: 26:

This article is about the 1916 battle. For the 1918 battle, see

4404:

Fighting the Somme: German Challenges, Dilemmas & Solutions

3778: 2565:(Desire Trench) which was held by patrols as a decoy away from 2282: 4652: 4287:(Bison Books ed.). London: University of Nebraska Press. 3894: 3892: 3865: 2713:] with any recorded. The enemy was surprised and beaten". 6447: 2607:(Grandcourt Trench) and machine-gun nests along Boom Ravine. 1279: 1234: 1359:

Map of the Beaumont-Hamel area (commune FR insee code 80753)

4244: 4177:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Hutchinson. 3889: 3568: 3544: 3469: 3409: 3373: 3349: 3337: 3301: 3289: 3185: 3175: 3173: 2970: 4266:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. 3877: 3853: 3831: 3829: 3754: 3718: 3667: 3585: 3583: 3532: 3520: 3486: 3484: 3361: 3253: 3134: 3098: 3064: 3062: 3037: 3035: 2856:

Redoubt; the effort failed and the survivors surrendered.

2227:

surrendered. Dugouts towards Station Road yielded another

4387:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 3984: 3982: 3643: 3631: 2709: 1230: 1144: 3994: 3931: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3766: 3595: 3508: 3496: 3457: 3445: 3433: 3421: 3170: 3158: 2680: 1399:

despite being under strength, its companies only having

4079:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3967: 3921: 3919: 3826: 3696: 3694: 3580: 3481: 3397: 3385: 3277: 3265: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3202: 3200: 3122: 3086: 3059: 3047: 3032: 2646:

Somme, German attacks on the Sixth Army, from south of

1372:

anticipated the British attack. On 2 November, General

1165:

After meeting on 17 October between Lieutenant-General

4514:(Penguin ed.). London: Richard Cobden-Sanderson. 4032:

The History of the 51st (Highland) Division, 1914–1918

4006: 3979: 3955: 3730: 3619: 3556: 3325: 3313: 3241: 3212: 3110: 1298:

line to force the Germans out of their defences, from

1181:

operation planned in September and on 23 October, the

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Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

4368:(BCA ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 4077:

Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

3841: 2552:The British tried again to capture Serre by taking 2238:The 51st Division was supposed to have attacked at 1468:; the other two battalions got lost in the fog. At 1138:threatened the German hold on Serre further north. 2806:The British Fifth Army had 23,274 casualties from 1142:called the battle "a feat of arms vieing [ 4648:The Somme Day by Day, 11–18 November 1917 and map 1368:October, the army group commander, Field Marshal 1169:the Fourth Army commander and Gough, General Sir 6790: 149: 5629:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4479:. Vol. I. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. 4360: 3910: 3871: 2502:on the west side of Beaucourt, running towards 6804:Battle honours of the King's Royal Rifle Corps 4366:Douglas Haig War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918 4668: 4476:The History of the Second Division, 1914–1918 593: 282: 69:Battle of the Somme 1 July – 18 November 1916 2851: 2702: 2691: 2628: 2622: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2553: 2534: 2528: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2324: 1384: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1257: 91: 6112: 4320: 3883: 3859: 6819:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 4675: 4661: 2269:observation flights gave the positions of 600: 586: 289: 275: 4572: 4420: 4035:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. 3796: 1403:; by 10 November it had suffered another 178: 6824:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5911:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 4548: 4301: 4219: 4112: 4054: 3973: 3961: 3898: 3835: 3589: 3574: 3550: 3490: 3475: 3415: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3355: 3343: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3191: 3116: 2836: 2747: 2679: 2655:with German aeroplanes; on the night of 2589:was 2,130 ft (650 m) south of 2577:(Little Gully), an eastern extension of 2480: 2406: 2350: 1530: 1441:2nd Division positions, 14 November 1916 1435: 1353: 1160: 163: 6288:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4506: 4464:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4401: 4382: 4280: 4261: 4172: 4153: 4028: 3988: 3784: 3760: 3736: 3724: 3673: 3625: 3562: 3538: 3526: 3367: 3331: 3319: 3259: 3247: 3218: 3140: 2798:. The 63rd Division lost approximately 2697:defenders. The real attack began after 1245: 6791: 4579:Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919 4472: 4406:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 4385:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 4341: 3649: 3637: 3080: 2884:guns, forty-six 60-pounder guns, four 2444:(thirty of them wounded) surrendered. 1349: 6241:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5584:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4656: 4612: 4528: 4238: 4191: 4134: 4093: 4071: 4012: 4000: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3847: 3820: 3808: 3772: 3748: 3712: 3700: 3685: 3661: 3613: 3601: 3514: 3502: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3427: 3235: 3206: 3179: 3164: 3152: 3128: 3104: 3092: 3068: 3053: 3041: 2969:The short story writer H. H. Munro (" 2758:Casualties in the 32nd Division from 1193:on 21 October, the Fourth and French 581: 270: 6645:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 2960:, despite being wounded three times. 2365:The first snow fell on the night of 6809:Battle honours of the Rifle Brigade 6574:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5375:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4426:. Vol. XI. London. 1914–1921. 2790:and those of the 3rd Division from 2633:and the east end of Regina Trench. 2452: 2289:There was good flying weather from 2223:helped take The Strongpoint, where 1576:Brigade at the first objective. At 1550:and reached the first objective at 296: 13: 5314:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4500: 4264:The 18th Division in the Great War 2826:. In 1919, J. H. Boraston claimed 2810:and inflicted so many casualties ( 2447: 1546:was blown, passed the east end of 1370:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria 14: 6850: 4632: 4222:The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account 2318: 2263: 1421: 607: 214:Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria 16:Battle during the First World War 5677:Second Battle of the Piave River 5299:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2782:Losses in the 2nd Division from 2690:A 1st Army investigation of the 2667:, ready for a spring offensive. 2636: 2568:Dessauer Riegel–Leipziger Riegel 2547: 180: 165: 151: 63: 6741:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5941:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4682: 3013: 2999: 2990: 2980: 2963: 2954:Governor-General of New Zealand 2939: 2930: 2892: 2182:all operations were cancelled. 1273: 6564:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6423:Deportations from East Prussia 6220:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4321:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 4059:(2nd ed.). London: Dent. 2874: 2346: 1583: 1: 6475:Ukrainian Canadian internment 4567:Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkriege 4057:Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches 4021: 2743: 1416: 1201:On 3 November, Major-General 1155: 255: 246: 6630:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5929:Estonian War of Independence 5604:Southern Palestine offensive 4549:Lossberg, Fritz von (2017). 4423:The Times History of the War 3026: 2685:British cavalry on the Ancre 2670: 2436:(the "Glasgow Boys Brigade" 1152:troops were taken prisoner. 1134:Hamel, St Pierre Divion and 7: 6584:USA against Austria-Hungary 5983:Turkish War of Independence 5935:Latvian War of Independence 5667:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5258:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 4262:Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) . 3911:Sheffield & Bourne 2005 3872:Sheffield & Bourne 2005 2675: 1558:held up the advance and at 1175:British Expeditionary Force 1119:Battle of Flers–Courcelette 1070:Western Front tactics, 1917 21:Battle of the Ancre Heights 10: 6855: 6667:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6215:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5682:Second Battle of the Marne 5569:Second battle of the Aisne 5438:Second Battle of Champagne 5279:German invasion of Belgium 4158:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2329:Redoubt, which took until 1489:and the Germans withdrew. 1425: 1240: 1090:was fought by the British 311:Battles of the Somme, 1916 261:including 7,000 prisoners. 32: 28:Battle of the Ancre (1918) 25: 18: 6773: 6732: 6653: 6592: 6554: 6498: 6487: 6448:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 6391: 6363: 6311: 6233: 6207: 6159: 6052: 6045: 5977:Irish War of Independence 5873: 5755: 5727:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5712:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5637: 5539: 5466: 5367: 5324:First Battle of the Marne 5271: 5233: 5168: 5159: 5102: 4976: 4965: 4931: 4903: 4865: 4817: 4770: 4763: 4690: 4306:. London: Little, Brown. 4055:Boraston, J. H. (1920) . 2824:a particularly heavy blow 2778:there were approximately 2203:which was carried out by 1432:Capture of Beaumont-Hamel 1411: 617: 308: 240: 227: 194: 143: 73: 62: 50: 45: 6600:Constantinople Agreement 5893:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5756:Co-belligerent conflicts 5732:Second Romanian campaign 5702:Third Transjordan attack 5413:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5319:Battle of Grand Couronné 4342:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 4175:The Royal Naval Division 3787:, pp. 384–385, 388. 2867: 1327:Battle of Thiepval Ridge 19:Not to be confused with 6663:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6615:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5923:Greater Poland Uprising 5823:National Protection War 5707:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5657:German spring offensive 5652:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5428:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5403:Second Battle of Artois 5284:Battle of the Frontiers 4029:Bewsher, F. W. (1921). 3884:Prior & Wilson 2005 3860:Prior & Wilson 2005 2945:During this engagement 2862:Operations on the Ancre 2434:Highland Light Infantry 2387:being captured in all. 1173:, the commander of the 958:German spring offensive 233:12 divisions, 1 brigade 6688:Paris Peace Conference 6676:Ukraine–Central Powers 6470:Massacres of Albanians 6438:Late Ottoman genocides 6245:Bulgarian occupations 5953:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5917:Hungarian–Romanian War 5742:Naval Victory Bulletin 5737:Armistice with Germany 5687:Hundred Days Offensive 5614:Battle of La Malmaison 5564:Second battle of Arras 5531:Battle of Transylvania 5385:Second Battle of Ypres 5253:Sarajevo assassination 5142:South African Republic 4641:, Film archive of the 4639:La Bataille de l'Ancre 4220:McCarthy, C. (1995) . 4192:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 4139:. London: Frank Cass. 3107:, pp. 478 to 479. 2923:upstream to the east. 2852: 2755: 2732:The British had taken 2703: 2692: 2687: 2629: 2623: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2554: 2535: 2529: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2488: 2414: 2358: 2325: 1538: 1443: 1428:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt 1385: 1361: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1258: 1213:, having already lost 1101:), against the German 1088:(13–18 November 1916), 195:Commanders and leaders 92: 6698:Treaty of St. Germain 6671:Russia–Central Powers 6625:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6453:Pontic Greek genocide 6428:Destruction of Kalisz 6404:Eastern Mediterranean 5965:Polish–Lithuanian War 5747:Armistice of Belgrade 5717:Armistice of Salonica 5647:Operation Faustschlag 5594:Third Battle of Oituz 5516:Baranovichi offensive 5484:Lake Naroch offensive 5458:Battle of Robat Karim 5433:Vistula–Bug offensive 5408:Battles of the Isonzo 5339:First Battle of Ypres 4383:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 4364:; Bourne, J. (2005). 4302:Philpott, W. (2009). 4281:Palazzo, A. (2003) . 4173:Jerrold, D. (2009) . 4118:Western Front 1914–18 2921:Beaucourt-sur-l'Ancre 2844:1 July to 18 November 2837:Subsequent operations 2830:prisoners, including 2751: 2683: 2562:Alter Dessauer Riegel 2484: 2467:hurricane bombardment 2410: 2375:4th Canadian Division 2354: 1534: 1439: 1357: 1161:Tactical developments 241:Casualties and losses 6839:November 1916 events 6693:Treaty of Versailles 6409:Mount Lebanon famine 6324:in the United States 6292:Russian occupations 6006:Turkish–Armenian War 5947:Polish–Ukrainian War 5887:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5834:Central Asian Revolt 5624:Armistice of Focșani 5354:Battle of Sarikamish 5304:Battle of Tannenberg 4700:Military engagements 4402:Sheldon, J. (2017). 4346:. Solihull: Helion. 4154:Gliddon, G. (1987). 2663:to Happlincourt and 2536:Alt-Wurttemburgfeste 2505:Alt-Wurttemburgfeste 2295:4, 7 and 15 Squadron 1246:British preparations 1177:(BEF) cancelled the 1065:French Army mutinies 1060:1914 Christmas truce 830:Hohenzollern Redoubt 471:Butte de Warlencourt 90:North central Somme 6814:Battle of the Somme 6760:They shall not pass 6683:Treaty of Bucharest 6640:Treaty of Bucharest 6579:USA against Germany 6556:Declarations of war 6260:German occupations 6173:British casualties 6032:Soviet–Georgian War 5959:Egyptian Revolution 5899:Armeno-Georgian War 5763:Somaliland campaign 5722:Armistice of Mudros 5599:Battle of Caporetto 5589:Battle of Mărășești 5559:Zimmermann telegram 5554:February Revolution 5499:Battle of the Somme 5423:Bug-Narew Offensive 5398:Battle of Gallipoli 5390:Sinking of the RMS 5182:Scramble for Africa 5176:Franco-Prussian War 4832:Sinai and Palestine 4643:Imperial War Museum 4617:. London: Cassell. 4615:The First World War 4574:Nicholson, G. W. L. 4473:Wyrall, E. (1921). 4239:Miles, W. (1992) . 4094:Falls, C. (1992) . 4003:, pp. 526–529. 3940:, pp. 512–513. 3913:, pp. 240–250. 3901:, pp. 414–421. 3823:, pp. 256–257. 3811:, pp. 474–475. 3775:, pp. 263–264. 3763:, pp. 384–385. 3727:, pp. 376–377. 3676:, pp. 372–376. 3652:, pp. 138–139. 3640:, pp. 136–137. 3604:, pp. 510–523. 3577:, pp. 160–161. 3553:, pp. 159–160. 3541:, pp. 134–135. 3529:, pp. 133–134. 3517:, pp. 514–515. 3505:, pp. 511–512. 3478:, pp. 158–159. 3466:, pp. 322–323. 3454:, pp. 320–322. 3442:, pp. 319–320. 3430:, pp. 175–176. 3418:, pp. 157–158. 3382:, pp. 155–156. 3370:, pp. 423–424. 3358:, pp. 154–155. 3346:, pp. 152–153. 3310:, pp. 148–152. 3298:, pp. 148–159. 3262:, pp. 370–372. 3194:, pp. 414–415. 3182:, pp. 478–479. 3167:, pp. 477–478. 3143:, pp. 104–105. 3131:, pp. 456–457. 3095:, pp. 447–449. 3071:, pp. 476–477. 3056:, pp. 470–474. 3044:, pp. 457–462. 2185:In XIII Corps, the 1593: 1376:, commander of the 1350:German preparations 1167:Sir Henry Rawlinson 1115:Battle of the Somme 1085:Battle of the Ancre 1054:Associated articles 771:Hartmannswillerkopf 631:Invasion of Belgium 514:Associated articles 112: / 81:13–18 November 1916 53:Battle of the Somme 46:Battle of the Ancre 6720:Treaty of Lausanne 6635:Paris Economy Pact 6569:UK against Germany 6499:Entry into the war 6465:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6184:Ottoman casualties 5994:Franco-Turkish War 5874:Post-War conflicts 5858:Russian Revolution 5840:Invasion of Darfur 5805:Kelantan rebellion 5793:Kurdish rebellions 5769:Mexican Revolution 5609:October Revolution 5574:Kerensky offensive 5549:Capture of Baghdad 5526:Monastir offensive 5511:Brusilov offensive 5349:Battle of Kolubara 5188:Russo-Japanese War 4613:Prior, R. (1999). 4530:Gough, H. de la P. 4135:Green, A. (2003). 2947:Lieutenant Colonel 2804:13 to 15 November. 2784:13 to 16 November, 2776:13 to 17 November, 2760:18 to 24 November, 2756: 2688: 2489: 2415: 2369:and the attack at 2359: 1584: 1539: 1444: 1362: 1096:Lieutenant-General 6786: 6785: 6769: 6768: 6753:The Golden Virgin 6747:Mutilated victory 6728: 6727: 6708:Treaty of Trianon 6703:Treaty of Neuilly 6610:Damascus Protocol 6483: 6482: 6443:Armenian genocide 6400:Allied blockades 6372:Belgian refugees 6155: 6154: 6065:Strategic bombing 6041: 6040: 6026:Franco-Syrian War 6000:Greco-Turkish War 5988:Anglo-Turkish War 5971:Polish–Soviet War 5905:German Revolution 5881:Russian Civil War 5864:Finnish Civil War 5697:Battle of Megiddo 5672:Battle of Goychay 5619:Battle of Cambrai 5579:Battle of Mărăști 5494:Battle of Jutland 5474:Erzurum offensive 5329:Siege of Przemyśl 5309:Siege of Tsingtao 5294:Battle of Galicia 5224:Second Balkan War 5212:Italo-Turkish War 5169:Pre-War conflicts 5155: 5154: 5045:Portuguese Empire 4961: 4960: 4923:German New Guinea 4905:Asian and Pacific 4624:978-0-304-35984-4 4600:on 26 August 2011 4560:978-0-8131-6980-4 4521:978-0-14-000082-5 4512:Undertones of War 4413:978-1-47388-199-0 4394:978-1-84415-269-8 4375:978-0-297-84702-1 4353:978-1-906033-76-7 4334:978-0-300-10694-7 4313:978-1-4087-0108-9 4294:978-0-8032-8774-7 4273:978-1-84342-866-4 4254:978-0-901627-76-6 4231:978-1-85409-330-1 4205:978-1-84342-413-0 4184:978-1-84342-261-7 4165:978-0-947893-02-6 4146:978-0-7146-8430-7 4127:978-1-870114-00-4 4105:978-0-89839-180-0 4086:978-0-7538-2202-9 4015:, pp. 65–82. 2864:in January 1917. 2820:1 to 18 November) 2808:11 to 24 November 2800:3,500 casualties, 2792:13 to 15 November 2768:13 to 24 November 2624:Grandcourt Riegel 2604:Grandcourt Riegel 2583:(Little Hollow). 2291:16 to 17 November 2164: 2163: 1592:18 November 1916 1591: 1215:5,320 casualties. 1078: 1077: 904:Nivelle offensive 678:Trouée de Charmes 575: 574: 562:Thiepval Memorial 417:Flers–Courcelette 265: 264: 139: 138: 6846: 6713:Treaty of Sèvres 6605:Treaty of London 6496: 6495: 6274:Northeast France 6205: 6204: 6177:Parliamentarians 6110: 6109: 6072:Chemical weapons 6050: 6049: 5811:Senussi campaign 5781:Muscat rebellion 5775:Maritz rebellion 5692:Vardar offensive 5521:Battle of Romani 5489:Battle of Asiago 5479:Battle of Verdun 5443:Kosovo offensive 5218:First Balkan War 5166: 5165: 5065:Russian Republic 4974: 4973: 4768: 4767: 4710:Economic history 4677: 4670: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4628: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4593:. 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3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2967: 2961: 2950:Bernard Freyberg 2943: 2937: 2934: 2928: 2925:St Pierre Divion 2915:in the south to 2896: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2855: 2849: 2845: 2833: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2735: 2734:7,000 prisoners; 2706: 2700: 2695: 2658: 2654: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2557: 2542:Max von Gallwitz 2538: 2532: 2530:Schloss-stellung 2525: 2518: 2517:1,380 prisoners. 2513: 2507: 2501: 2499:Schloss-stellung 2495: 2464: 2460: 2443: 2427: 2420: 2402: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2372: 2368: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2314: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2181: 2177: 2173: 1594: 1589: 1579: 1574: 1566: 1561: 1553: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1492:In V Corps, two 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1455: 1450: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397:26 to 27 October 1388: 1367: 1340: 1332: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1268:Livens Projector 1261: 1228: 1216: 1151: 1089: 1017:St Quentin Canal 612: 602: 595: 588: 579: 578: 520:Hébuterne (1915) 483:Schwaben Redoubt 303: 301: 291: 284: 277: 268: 267: 260: 257: 251: 248: 218:Max von Gallwitz 190: 186: 184: 183: 175: 171: 169: 168: 161: 157: 155: 154: 127: 126: 124: 123: 122: 117: 116:50.067°N 2.700°E 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 95: 75: 74: 67: 43: 42: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6834:Battles in 1916 6789: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6765: 6724: 6656: 6649: 6620:Treaty of Darin 6588: 6550: 6506:Austria-Hungary 6492: 6479: 6460:Rape of Belgium 6387: 6359: 6307: 6301:Western Armenia 6296:Eastern Galicia 6229: 6203: 6167: 6166:Civilian impact 6165: 6151: 6108: 6037: 5869: 5799:Ovambo Uprising 5751: 5633: 5535: 5462: 5380:Battle of Łomża 5363: 5359:Christmas truce 5334:Race to the Sea 5267: 5229: 5151: 5122:Austria-Hungary 5098: 5033:Empire of Japan 4970: 4968: 4957: 4941:U-boat campaign 4927: 4899: 4861: 4813: 4759: 4740:Popular culture 4686: 4681: 4635: 4625: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4582: 4565:Translation of 4561: 4522: 4503: 4501:Further reading 4498: 4489: 4487: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4436: 4434: 4414: 4395: 4376: 4354: 4335: 4314: 4295: 4274: 4255: 4232: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4185: 4166: 4147: 4128: 4106: 4087: 4045: 4043: 4024: 4019: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3628:, pp. 379. 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3482: 3474: 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2370: 2366: 2357: 2349: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2179: 2175: 2172:36 machine-guns 2171: 2131: 2059: 1959: 1887: 1857: 1841: 1769: 1753: 1737: 1679: 1603: 1601: 1588: 1577: 1572: 1564: 1559: 1551: 1544:Hawthorn Crater 1537: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1434: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1405:175 casualties. 1404: 1400: 1396: 1374:Fritz von Below 1365: 1360: 1352: 1338: 1330: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1305: 1292:Redoubt to the 1276: 1248: 1243: 1226: 1214: 1163: 1158: 1149: 1107:Fritz von Below 1087: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1051: 855:Vimy Ridge 1916 732:Race to the Sea 700:1st St. Quentin 622: 613: 608: 606: 576: 571: 557:Leipzig Salient 525:Order of Battle 511: 304: 300:Somme Offensive 299: 297: 295: 258: 254:1–18 November, 249: 222:Fritz von Below 220: 216: 207: 203: 181: 179: 166: 164: 162: 152: 150: 135:British victory 120: 118: 114: 111: 106: 103: 101: 99: 98: 97: 68: 57:First World War 37: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6852: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6799:1916 in France 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6744: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6685: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6665: 6659: 6657: 6655:Peace treaties 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6560: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6541:United Kingdom 6538: 6533: 6531:Ottoman Empire 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6493: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6435: 6433:Sack of Dinant 6430: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6397: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6381:United Kingdom 6378: 6369: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6341: 6335:POW locations 6333: 6328: 6327: 6326: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6186: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6170: 6168: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6135:United Kingdom 6132: 6130:Ottoman Empire 6127: 6122: 6116: 6114: 6107: 6106: 6104:Trench warfare 6101: 6100: 6099: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6054: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5991: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5820: 5817:Volta-Bani War 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5662:Zeebrugge Raid 5659: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5453:Battle of Loos 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5344:Black Sea raid 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5246:Historiography 5237: 5235: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5200:Bosnian Crisis 5197: 5194:Tangier Crisis 5191: 5185: 5179: 5172: 5170: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5127:Ottoman Empire 5124: 5119: 5114: 5108: 5106: 5104:Central Powers 5100: 5099: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5087:British Empire 5082:United Kingdom 5079: 5074: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5060:Russian Empire 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4978:Entente Powers 4971: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4948: 4946:North Atlantic 4937: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4857:Central Arabia 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4823: 4821: 4819:Middle Eastern 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4787: 4776: 4774: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4720:Historiography 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4634: 4633:External links 4631: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4610: 4570: 4559: 4546: 4534:The Fifth Army 4526: 4520: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4470: 4418: 4412: 4399: 4393: 4380: 4374: 4358: 4352: 4339: 4333: 4318: 4312: 4299: 4293: 4278: 4272: 4259: 4253: 4236: 4230: 4217: 4204: 4189: 4183: 4170: 4164: 4151: 4145: 4132: 4126: 4110: 4104: 4091: 4085: 4069: 4052: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3991:, p. 390. 3978: 3976:, p. 162. 3966: 3954: 3952:, p. 510. 3942: 3930: 3928:, p. 523. 3915: 3903: 3888: 3886:, p. 294. 3876: 3874:, p. 254. 3864: 3862:, p. 293. 3852: 3840: 3838:, p. 416. 3825: 3813: 3801: 3799:, p. 425. 3797:The Times 1917 3789: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3751:, p. 263. 3741: 3739:, p. 383. 3729: 3717: 3715:, p. 503. 3705: 3703:, p. 262. 3690: 3688:, p. 261. 3678: 3666: 3664:, p. 258. 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3616:, p. 256. 3606: 3594: 3592:, p. 161. 3579: 3567: 3565:, p. 136. 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507: 3495: 3493:, p. 159. 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3408: 3406:, p. 157. 3396: 3394:, p. 156. 3384: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3334:, p. 100. 3324: 3322:, p. 205. 3312: 3300: 3288: 3286:, p. 148. 3276: 3274:, p. 415. 3264: 3252: 3250:, p. 184. 3240: 3238:, p. 475. 3223: 3221:, p. 183. 3211: 3209:, p. 513. 3196: 3184: 3169: 3157: 3155:, p. 478. 3145: 3133: 3121: 3119:, p. 154. 3109: 3097: 3085: 3083:, p. 302. 3073: 3058: 3046: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3012: 2998: 2989: 2979: 2975:Lance sergeant 2962: 2958:Victoria Cross 2938: 2929: 2917:Beaumont Hamel 2891: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2848:14–15 November 2838: 2835: 2752: 2745: 2742: 2737:Edmund Blunden 2684: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2653:54 engagements 2638: 2635: 2549: 2546: 2485: 2459:12/13 November 2454: 2453:13–15 November 2451: 2449: 2446: 2438:Pals battalion 2411: 2367:17/18 November 2355: 2348: 2345: 2320: 2319:15–17 November 2317: 2301:, many of the 2265: 2264:Air operations 2262: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1598: 1535: 1449:11/12 November 1440: 1423: 1422:13–15 November 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1358: 1351: 1348: 1275: 1272: 1270:to kill them. 1259:Staufen Riegel 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1219:Ferdinand Foch 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1140:Edmund Blunden 1127:Beaumont Hamel 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1050: 1049: 1047:Lys and Escaut 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 988: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 949: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 927: 926: 921: 916: 911: 901: 894: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 794: 793: 783: 778: 776:Neuve Chapelle 773: 768: 757: 756: 751: 749:Winter actions 746: 745: 744: 739: 729: 724: 719: 714: 712:Grand Couronné 709: 704: 703: 702: 697: 692: 682: 681: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 650: 649: 648: 643: 638: 628: 618: 615: 614: 605: 604: 597: 590: 582: 573: 572: 570: 569: 564: 559: 554: 553: 552: 550:Hawthorn Ridge 547: 542: 532: 527: 522: 510: 509: 508: 507: 505:Beaumont-Hamel 497: 496: 495: 490: 485: 475: 474: 473: 468: 463: 453: 451:Thiepval Ridge 448: 447: 446: 441: 436: 426: 425: 424: 414: 409: 404: 403: 402: 392: 387: 386: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 358:Bazentin Ridge 355: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 309: 306: 305: 294: 293: 286: 279: 271: 263: 262: 252: 243: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 225: 224: 211: 209:Ferdinand Foch 197: 196: 192: 191: 176: 159:United Kingdom 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 60: 59: 48: 47: 41: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6851: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6762: 6761: 6757: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6547: 6546:United States 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6486: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6158: 6148: 6147:United States 6145: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6097:Convoy system 6095: 6094: 6093: 6092:Naval warfare 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5852:Kaocen revolt 5850: 5847: 5846:Easter Rising 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5418:Great Retreat 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:Battle of Cer 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5206:Agadir Crisis 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5094:United States 5092: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5011:French Empire 5009: 5008: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4964: 4954: 4953:Mediterranean 4951: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4933:Naval warfare 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4809:Italian Front 4807: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4797:Eastern Front 4795: 4793: 4792:Western Front 4790: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4750:Puppet states 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4448: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4362:Sheffield, G. 4359: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4014: 4009: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3974:McCarthy 1995 3970: 3964:, p. 50. 3963: 3962:Boraston 1920 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3899:Philpott 2009 3895: 3893: 3885: 3880: 3873: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3850:, p. 64. 3849: 3844: 3837: 3836:Philpott 2009 3832: 3830: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3757: 3750: 3745: 3738: 3733: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3709: 3702: 3697: 3695: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3670: 3663: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3590:McCarthy 1995 3586: 3584: 3576: 3575:McCarthy 1995 3571: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3551:McCarthy 1995 3547: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3491:McCarthy 1995 3487: 3485: 3477: 3476:McCarthy 1995 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3417: 3416:McCarthy 1995 3412: 3405: 3404:McCarthy 1995 3400: 3393: 3392:McCarthy 1995 3388: 3381: 3380:McCarthy 1995 3376: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3356:McCarthy 1995 3352: 3345: 3344:McCarthy 1995 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3308:McCarthy 1995 3304: 3297: 3296:McCarthy 1995 3292: 3285: 3284:McCarthy 1995 3280: 3273: 3272:Philpott 2009 3268: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3193: 3192:Philpott 2009 3188: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3117:Farndale 1986 3113: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3031: 3016: 3002: 2993: 2983: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2952:, who became 2951: 2948: 2942: 2933: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2834: 2832:149 officers. 2825: 2780:2,200 losses. 2750: 2741: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2719:James Edmonds 2714: 2712: 2711: 2705: 2694: 2682: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2649: 2644: 2637:French armies 2634: 2631: 2625: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2556: 2545: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2519: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2471:52nd Division 2468: 2457:The night of 2445: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2430:Quadrilateral 2422: 2409: 2405: 2396: 2388: 2380:100 prisoners 2376: 2363: 2353: 2344: 2327: 2316: 2309: 2287: 2284: 2261: 2236: 2229:200 prisoners 2220:500 prisoners 2207: 2188: 2187:31st Division 2183: 2169: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1582: 1568: 1557: 1549: 1545: 1533: 1529: 1499:400 prisoners 1495: 1494:63rd Division 1490: 1457: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1409: 1393: 1387: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1356: 1347: 1345: 1334: 1328: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1271: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1203:Rudolph Cavan 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1086: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1022:Meuse-Argonne 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 965: 961: 960: 959: 956: 955: 954: 953: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 936:Passchendaele 934: 932: 929: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 906: 905: 902: 900: 899: 895: 893: 890: 889: 888: 887: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 822: 821: 820: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 798:2nd Champagne 796: 792: 789: 788: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 766:1st Champagne 764: 763: 762: 761: 755: 752: 750: 747: 743: 740: 738: 735: 734: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 708: 705: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 687: 686: 685:Great Retreat 683: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 654: 651: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 621: 616: 611: 610:Western Front 603: 598: 596: 591: 589: 584: 583: 580: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 536: 535:Mines, 1 July 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 516: 515: 506: 503: 502: 501: 498: 494: 493:Regina Trench 491: 489: 488:Stuff Redoubt 486: 484: 481: 480: 479: 478:Ancre Heights 476: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 457: 454: 452: 449: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 430: 427: 423: 420: 419: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 401: 398: 397: 396: 393: 391: 390:Delville Wood 388: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 360: 359: 356: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 317: 314: 313: 312: 307: 302: 292: 287: 285: 280: 278: 273: 272: 269: 259: 45,000 253: 250: 22,000 245: 244: 239: 235: 232: 231: 226: 223: 219: 215: 212: 210: 206: 202: 199: 198: 193: 189: 177: 174: 160: 148: 147: 142: 134: 131: 130: 125: 121:50.067; 2.700 94: 88: 85: 84: 80: 77: 76: 72: 66: 61: 58: 54: 49: 44: 39: 36: 29: 22: 6758: 6751: 6739: 6346: / 6278: 6113:Conscription 6077:Cryptography 6014:Iraqi Revolt 5448:Siege of Kut 5391: 4969:participants 4918:German Samoa 4852:South Arabia 4614: 4602:. Retrieved 4595:the original 4578: 4566: 4550: 4533: 4511: 4488:. Retrieved 4475: 4435:. Retrieved 4422: 4403: 4384: 4365: 4343: 4323: 4303: 4283: 4263: 4240: 4221: 4209:. Retrieved 4194: 4174: 4155: 4136: 4117: 4114:Farndale, M. 4095: 4076: 4056: 4044:. Retrieved 4031: 4008: 3996: 3989:Sheldon 2006 3969: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3906: 3879: 3867: 3855: 3843: 3816: 3804: 3792: 3785:Sheldon 2006 3780: 3768: 3761:Sheldon 2006 3756: 3744: 3737:Sheldon 2006 3732: 3725:Sheldon 2006 3720: 3708: 3681: 3674:Sheldon 2006 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3626:Sheldon 2006 3621: 3609: 3597: 3570: 3563:Nichols 2004 3558: 3546: 3539:Nichols 2004 3534: 3527:Nichols 2004 3522: 3510: 3498: 3471: 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3375: 3368:Gliddon 1987 3363: 3351: 3339: 3332:Bewsher 1921 3327: 3320:Jerrold 2009 3315: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3260:Sheldon 2006 3255: 3248:Sheldon 2017 3243: 3219:Sheldon 2017 3214: 3187: 3160: 3148: 3141:Palazzo 2003 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3049: 3015: 3001: 2992: 2982: 2965: 2941: 2932: 2894: 2876: 2858: 2840: 2823: 2757: 2731: 2727: 2715: 2708: 2704:Trommelfeuer 2689: 2648:Bouchavesnes 2640: 2612: 2609: 2574:Kleine Mulde 2551: 2520: 2511:Serre Riegel 2490: 2476: 2456: 2442:45 survivors 2429: 2423: 2416: 2397: 2389: 2364: 2360: 2322: 2288: 2267: 2237: 2208: 2184: 2168:3rd Division 2165: 1585: 1569: 1555: 1547: 1540: 1491: 1474:18-pounders. 1458: 1445: 1391: 1386:Gruppe Fuchs 1382: 1363: 1335: 1309: 1277: 1274:British plan 1264: 1253:2nd Division 1249: 1200: 1183:Reserve Army 1171:Douglas Haig 1164: 1150:7,000 German 1143: 1123: 1117:. After the 1111:Reserve Army 1099:Hubert Gough 1084: 1082: 1053: 1052: 1012:Saint-Mihiel 980:Belleau Wood 963: 951: 950: 941:La Malmaison 897: 885: 884: 850:Kink Salient 818: 817: 813:Gas: Wieltje 759: 758: 619: 513: 512: 499: 400:Mouquet Farm 346:La Boisselle 341:Contalmaison 310: 205:Hubert Gough 201:Douglas Haig 144:Belligerents 51:Part of the 38: 6376:Netherlands 6353:Switzerland 6234:Occupations 6225:Spanish flu 6002:(1919–1922) 5996:(1918–1921) 5990:(1918–1923) 5979:(1919–1921) 5973:(1919–1921) 5967:(1919–1920) 5943:(1918–1920) 5937:(1918–1920) 5931:(1918–1920) 5913:(1918–1920) 5895:(1918–1920) 5889:(1917–1921) 5883:(1917–1921) 5830:(1916-1918) 5828:Arab Revolt 5819:(1915–1917) 5813:(1915–1917) 5801:(1914-1917) 5795:(1914–1917) 5789:(1914–1921) 5783:(1913–1920) 5771:(1910–1920) 5765:(1900–1920) 5263:July Crisis 5184:(1880–1914) 4847:Mesopotamia 4725:Home fronts 4684:World War I 4508:Blunden, E. 4455:|work= 4437:12 November 4211:27 December 3650:Rogers 2010 3638:Rogers 2010 3081:Wyrall 1921 3007:165 British 2904:Somme river 2786:were about 2723:operational 2548:18 November 2385:620 Germans 2347:18 November 2313:21 aircraft 2225:400 Germans 1590:12 October 1344:Claud Jacob 1323:200 minutes 1211:Le Transloy 1187:Fourth Army 1032:2nd Cambrai 870:Boar's Head 860:Mont Sorrel 567:Ancre, 1917 530:Boar's Head 456:Le Transloy 444:Gueudecourt 422:Martinpuich 368:Trônes Wood 236:4 divisions 119: / 93:Département 6793:Categories 6593:Agreements 6393:War crimes 6269:Luxembourg 6162:Casualties 5040:Montenegro 4875:South West 4755:Technology 4745:Propaganda 4735:Opposition 4022:References 4013:Falls 1992 4001:Miles 1992 3950:Miles 1992 3938:Miles 1992 3926:Miles 1992 3848:Green 2003 3821:Duffy 2007 3809:Miles 1992 3773:Duffy 2007 3749:Duffy 2007 3713:Miles 1992 3701:Duffy 2007 3686:Duffy 2007 3662:Duffy 2007 3614:Duffy 2007 3602:Miles 1992 3515:Miles 1992 3503:Miles 1992 3464:Jones 2002 3452:Jones 2002 3440:Jones 2002 3428:Jones 2002 3236:Miles 1992 3207:Miles 1992 3180:Miles 1992 3165:Miles 1992 3153:Miles 1992 3129:Miles 1992 3105:Miles 1992 3093:Miles 1992 3069:Miles 1992 3054:Miles 1992 3042:Miles 1992 2814:including 2744:Casualties 2699:15 minutes 2661:Mazancourt 2592:Baum Mulde 2586:Stallmulde 2580:Stallmulde 2524:10:30 a.m. 2401:70 British 2336:10:00 a.m. 2331:11:00 p.m. 2299:19 damaged 2279:250 German 2275:300 German 2271:157 German 2248:11:00 a.m. 1552:6:45 a.m., 1517:7:45 a.m., 1512:7:40 a.m., 1466:10:00 a.m. 1462:7:30 a.m., 1426:See also: 1417:Fifth Army 1339:90 minutes 1318:56 minutes 1179:Third Army 1156:Background 1092:Fifth Army 845:Wulverghem 808:3rd Artois 786:2nd Artois 754:1st Artois 407:Guillemont 351:Gommecourt 35:Ancre 1917 33:See also: 6490:Diplomacy 6197:Olympians 6120:Australia 6087:Logistics 6020:Vlora War 5949:(1918–19) 5925:(1918–19) 5919:(1918–19) 5907:(1918–19) 5854:(1916–17) 5836:(1916–17) 5787:Zaian War 5777:(1914–15) 5504:first day 5392:Lusitania 5220:(1912–13) 5214:(1911–12) 5202:(1908–09) 5196:(1905–06) 5178:(1870–71) 4967:Principal 4827:Gallipoli 4730:Memorials 4715:Geography 4705:Aftermath 4591:557523890 4532:(1968) . 4510:(1984) . 4485:869415401 4457:ignored ( 4447:cite book 4324:The Somme 4075:(2007) . 4073:Duffy, C. 4065:633614212 4041:855123826 3027:Footnotes 3010:November. 2900:tributary 2796:2,400 men 2671:Aftermath 2618:6:30 a.m. 2463:6:45 a.m. 2426:6:10 a.m. 2419:1:00 a.m. 2392:8:10 a.m. 2371:6:10 a.m. 2340:9:00 a.m. 2303:57 German 2258:2:45 p.m. 2253:6:20 a.m. 2244:8:30 a.m. 2240:6:20 a.m. 2233:1:00 p.m. 2216:7:45 a.m. 2212:6:20 a.m. 2205:9:30 p.m. 2201:5:25 p.m. 2197:9:30 a.m. 2192:5:45 a.m. 2180:4:30 p.m. 2176:6:30 a.m. 1578:9:00 a.m. 1573:7:30 a.m. 1565:9:00 p.m. 1560:7:00 a.m. 1526:9:30 p.m. 1503:6:45 a.m. 1487:9:00 a.m. 1483:7:00 a.m. 1479:7:40 a.m. 1470:6:15 a.m. 1454:8:15 a.m. 1401:80–90 men 1366:18 and 28 1313:5:45 a.m. 1306:7:25 a.m. 1227:5:45 a.m. 1223:Saillisel 1207:XIV Corps 1136:Beaucourt 1105:(General 1027:5th Ypres 1007:2nd Somme 985:2nd Marne 975:3rd Aisne 924:The Hills 919:2nd Aisne 880:Fromelles 875:1st Somme 825:The Bluff 791:Hébuterne 781:2nd Ypres 742:1st Ypres 722:1st Aisne 717:1st Marne 690:Le Cateau 668:Charleroi 653:Frontiers 540:Lochnagar 383:High Wood 378:Fromelles 363:Longueval 326:Montauban 321:First day 6778:Category 6365:Refugees 6331:Italians 6320:Germans 6280:Ober Ost 6060:Aviation 5161:Timeline 5132:Bulgaria 4913:Tsingtao 4890:Togoland 4837:Caucasus 4772:European 4764:Theatres 4576:(1962). 4542:59766599 4116:(1986). 2956:won the 2913:Fricourt 2909:Thiepval 2882:4.7-inch 2676:Analysis 2643:Pressoir 2326:Schwaben 2308:Albatros 1556:Y Ravine 1548:Y Ravine 1378:1st Army 1301:Schwaben 1289:Schwaben 1191:II Corps 1103:1st Army 1037:Courtrai 992:Soissons 931:Messines 898:Alberich 707:Maubeuge 663:Ardennes 658:Lorraine 626:Moresnet 461:Eaucourt 439:Lesbœufs 395:Pozières 373:Ovillers 336:Fricourt 228:Strength 96:, France 86:Location 6516:Germany 6416:Germany 6344:Germany 6264:Belgium 6249:Albania 6208:Disease 6188:Sports 6140:Ireland 6053:Warfare 6046:Aspects 5241:Origins 5234:Prelude 5137:Senussi 5117:Germany 5112:Leaders 5050:Romania 4991:Belgium 4986:Leaders 4885:Kamerun 4867:African 4802:Romania 4780:Balkans 4695:Outline 4604:31 July 4046:31 July 2902:of the 2693:débâcle 2665:Biaches 2283:strafed 2157:54°–36° 2143:37°–25° 2127:46°–37° 2113:46°–36° 2099:55°–36° 2085:54°–46° 2071:50°–48° 2055:55°–32° 2041:50°–30° 2027:54°–30° 2013:57°–43° 1999:55°–45° 1985:57°–45° 1971:59°–48° 1955:64°–52° 1941:59°–48° 1927:59°–48° 1913:59°–46° 1899:63°–46° 1883:61°–48° 1869:53°–45° 1853:55°–41° 1837:55°–43° 1823:55°–39° 1809:52°–45° 1795:54°–45° 1781:55°–43° 1749:45°–28° 1733:48°–28° 1719:57°–37° 1705:57°–48° 1691:55°–43° 1675:54°–36° 1661:57°–41° 1647:61°–50° 1633:61°–50° 1619:61°–55° 1586:Weather 1521:450 men 1507:100 men 1241:Prelude 1109:). The 1002:Ailette 970:The Lys 964:Michael 946:Cambrai 840:Hulluch 835:St Eloi 727:Antwerp 466:Le Sars 434:Combles 188:Germany 55:of the 6536:Russia 6511:France 6339:Canada 6254:Serbia 6125:Canada 6082:Horses 6034:(1921) 6028:(1920) 6022:(1920) 6016:(1920) 6008:(1920) 5961:(1919) 5955:(1919) 5901:(1918) 5866:(1918) 5860:(1917) 5848:(1916) 5842:(1916) 5807:(1915) 5226:(1913) 5208:(1911) 5190:(1905) 5147:Darfur 5072:Serbia 5055:Russia 5018:Greece 5006:France 4996:Brazil 4842:Persia 4785:Serbia 4621: 4589: 4557: 4540: 4518: 4490:26 May 4483: 4432:642276 4430: 4410: 4391: 4372: 4350: 4331: 4310: 4291: 4270: 4251: 4228: 4202: 4181: 4162: 4143: 4124: 4102: 4083: 4063: 4039: 3005:About 2973:"), a 2886:6-inch 2812:45,000 1519:about 1412:Battle 1392:Ersatz 1042:Sambre 997:Amiens 865:Verdun 695:Étreux 641:Dinant 429:Morval 412:Ginchy 331:Mametz 316:Albert 185: 173:France 170: 156: 132:Result 107:2°42′E 104:50°4′N 6733:Other 6526:Japan 6521:Italy 6348:camps 6192:Rugby 5028:Japan 5023:Italy 5001:China 4895:North 4598:(PDF) 4583:(PDF) 2868:Notes 2853:Soden 2828:7,200 2818:from 2802:from 2794:were 2788:3,000 2770:were 2764:2,524 2762:were 2555:Soden 2494:2,000 2231:. At 2146:fine 2132:cold 2102:dull 2074:dull 2060:cold 2030:fine 1988:dull 1974:fine 1960:dull 1888:cold 1858:cold 1842:cold 1826:rain 1812:rain 1798:rain 1784:dull 1770:cold 1765:/°–/° 1754:cold 1738:cold 1722:rain 1708:rain 1694:fine 1680:cold 1664:rain 1650:dull 1636:dull 1622:dull 1597:Date 1331:26–30 1295:Hansa 1284:Serre 1280:Ancre 1235:Irles 1195:Sixth 1131:Serre 909:Arras 892:Ancre 646:Namur 636:Liège 545:Y Sap 500:Ancre 6313:POWs 5639:1918 5541:1917 5467:1916 5368:1915 5272:1914 5077:Siam 4880:East 4619:ISBN 4606:2014 4587:OCLC 4555:ISBN 4538:OCLC 4516:ISBN 4492:2017 4481:OCLC 4466:link 4459:help 4439:2013 4428:OCLC 4408:ISBN 4389:ISBN 4370:ISBN 4348:ISBN 4329:ISBN 4308:ISBN 4289:ISBN 4268:ISBN 4249:ISBN 4245:HMSO 4226:ISBN 4213:2014 4200:ISBN 4179:ISBN 4160:ISBN 4141:ISBN 4122:ISBN 4100:ISBN 4081:ISBN 4061:OCLC 4048:2014 4037:OCLC 2971:Saki 2533:and 2166:The 2130:fine 2088:fog 2058:mist 1872:wet 1840:rain 1768:fine 1752:fine 1736:fine 1600:Rain 1430:and 1233:and 1205:the 1129:and 1083:The 952:1918 914:Vimy 886:1917 819:1916 803:Loos 760:1915 737:Yser 673:Mons 620:1914 78:Date 2710:sic 2701:of 2068:0.1 2052:0.1 1958:wet 1886:wet 1856:wet 1678:sun 1672:0.1 1501:by 1231:Pys 1145:sic 6795:: 4451:: 4449:}} 4445:{{ 4247:. 3981:^ 3918:^ 3891:^ 3828:^ 3693:^ 3582:^ 3483:^ 3226:^ 3199:^ 3172:^ 3061:^ 3034:^ 2898:a 2465:a 2160:– 2151:18 2137:17 2121:16 2116:– 2107:15 2093:14 2079:13 2065:12 2049:11 2044:– 2035:10 2016:– 2002:– 1996:12 1944:– 1930:– 1916:– 1902:– 1893:31 1877:30 1863:29 1847:28 1831:27 1817:26 1803:25 1789:24 1775:23 1759:22 1743:21 1727:20 1713:19 1699:18 1685:17 1669:16 1655:15 1641:14 1627:13 1613:12 1607:°F 1602:mm 1329:, 256:c. 247:c. 6164:/ 4676:e 4669:t 4662:v 4627:. 4608:. 4563:. 4544:. 4524:. 4494:. 4468:) 4461:) 4441:. 4416:. 4397:. 4378:. 4356:. 4337:. 4316:. 4297:. 4276:. 4257:. 4234:. 4215:. 4187:. 4168:. 4149:. 4130:. 4108:. 4089:. 4067:. 4050:. 2613:I 2154:8 2140:2 2124:0 2110:0 2096:0 2082:0 2038:0 2024:0 2021:9 2010:2 2007:8 1993:7 1982:0 1979:6 1968:0 1965:5 1952:2 1949:4 1938:1 1935:3 1924:3 1921:2 1910:3 1907:1 1896:0 1880:7 1866:7 1850:8 1834:1 1820:1 1806:2 1792:3 1778:3 1762:0 1746:0 1730:0 1716:4 1702:4 1688:3 1658:3 1644:0 1630:0 1616:0 1094:( 601:e 594:t 587:v 290:e 283:t 276:v 30:. 23:.

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Knowledge

Battle of the Ancre

Index