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self-esteem and use cosmetic surgery to rectify the issues they have with their body image. Numerous studies have focused on the final outcome of cosmetic procedures and the level of satisfaction which patients have with their results showing a large portion of patients look for additional surgeries to rectify the issue. Cosmetic surgery in a lot of cases will enhances the problems patients have with their self-esteem issues instead of depressing them as first desired. Studies show that patients who undergo cosmetic surgery who have been made aware of the risks involved along with the technical side of the procedure, have higher levels of satisfaction with their outcome post-surgery.
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373:(PIP). The silicone being used was found to be suitable for uses within the production of mattresses. In 2011, it was reported that in twelve years of production, more than 300,000 PIP implants were sold globally. In the case of rupture the dispute around safety risks arose with parties debating the increase cancer risks due to the poor grade materials. To date there has been no scientific evidence proving the implants should cause safety concerns linking to toxicity or cancer. The debate surrounds whether the removal of the implants is required due to safety concerns around rupture and toxicity.
294:. These issues are the cause of many women turning to cosmetic surgery. In today's world viewers are flooded with images and advertisements, showing generally, naturally unobtainable faces and bodies. There is a growing trend of reality television shows broadcasting makeovers of ordinary civilians undergoing cosmetic surgery to enhance their aesthetic image. Viewpoints grow around the link between the climbing figures of cosmetic surgery and the constantly changing world of media. There is a constant stream of connection developed via social media outlets such as Facebook and
29:, the difference being, cosmetic surgery is an elective surgery with the sole purpose to enhance the physical features of one's appearance. Plastic surgery is performed in order to rectify defects to reinstate normality to function and appearance. Cosmetic surgical procedures are generally performed on healthy functioning body parts, with the procedure being optional not medically necessary. The inevitable aim of cosmetic surgery is to enhance one's image, encompassing reducing the signs of
342:
310:(BDD) is a condition of which people find their own image immensely flawed. It effects both men and women equally, with the average onset age of thirteen years of age. The condition is treatable although there is an alarmingly high rate of suicide within BDD sufferers, one in every three hundred and thirty diagnosed will end their own lives. Patients of BDD will commonly turn to cosmetic surgery to rectify these flaws resulting in unsatisfactory results due to their condition.
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The non-invasive treatments also come with a level of risk although lower than invasive methods. This common impression can be linked to the controversies surrounding the trade as critics struggle to see the link between the benefits and the risk facts. Surgeries are generally linked to, although not restricted to, risk factors affecting the area in which the surgery is performed. Some of the common risks are the development of a
203:. Nine percent of the Australian population have undergone a non-invasive form of cosmetic surgery. Numerous surgeries are now performed using these techniques as opposed to open surgery methods which have been used in the past. This adaptation has led to a reduction in cost, time, scarring and pain involved with these procedures. Through the development of aiding surgical instruments such as a viewing scope or
326:
have been made in regards to the need for screening before cosmetic surgeries are performed on patients who suffer from disorders such as histrionic personality disorder as the level of satisfaction which is felt by individuals post-surgery is low, triggering the desire for additional treatments. The surgery impacts on their self-esteem leaving them higher levels of distressed post-op.
134:, England. The Queen Mary Hospital opened in 1917 was a six hundred bed hospital which focused solely on plastic surgery. It was here that Gillies trained not only Australian plastic surgeons but surgeons from all over the globe. The return of these surgeons to their home countries such as Australia, saw the spread of the plastic surgery trade across the globe.
166:
was founded in 1970 with the aim to uphold the integrity of the plastic surgery field (inclusive of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery) within
Australia. Today, the deliverance of the highest quality surgeries is at the forefront of their work. They govern the AMC accredited Surgical Education and Training (SET) Program within Australia.
389:
Concerns are sparked within
Australia around the level of regulation which exists around the implementation of laser and IPL treatments. The practice has little federal regulated with inconsistencies existing between the states within Australia. It is largely debated around the level of regulation in
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due to a catastrophic life event or birth defects, in turn patients seek cosmetic surgery to rectify the issue. The debate around whether this is ethically correct exists with the viewpoint that this is unethical and the surgeries are for the purpose of vanity. Other sides of the debate argue for the
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Medical conditions can impact on the level of risk involved with cosmetic surgery as there can be underlying effects caused by different medications. For example, blood thinning medication can cause excessive bleeding due to the bloods ability to clot being lowered by the medication. All medications
165:
which was the first plastic surgery unit within
Australia. It was in 1956 that plastic surgery was acknowledged by the Royal Australia College of Surgeons as a separate specialty trade of plastic surgery. Today, the Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons Inc. founded in 1917, commonly known as ASPS,
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along with instability emotionally. Immense discomfort is felt by the individual when they do not feel they are the epicenter of a group or one on one environment and often struggle when it comes to relationships with others, being both on a level of friendship and sexual relationships. Suggestions
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Due to cosmetic surgery being an elective surgical procedure it is of common assumption that the risk factors around these surgeries are lower than that of other surgeries. The invasive procedures have numerous risk factors as it is still a medical procedure, all of which come with a level of risk.
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which hold a high level of importance within people lives. Other viewpoints circle the growth of public awareness of the topic is increasing becoming a direct link to this growth spurt in popularity of surgery. Many of the patients who undergo cosmetic surgery have been found to have low levels of
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prompting an increase in the number of surgeries being performed. But with this heroic status and development of techniques came the taboo ideology cast upon cosmetic surgery as the trade filtered into the population, with civilians un-pleased with their aesthetic appearance undergoing surgery. In
227:(IPL). IPL differs from laser treatment as unlike laser treatments, IPL will perform multiple treatments at once but only a few are capable of doing so with the same potency as a laser. IPL is predominantly used for mild skin issues in comparison to laser being used for the more extreme cases.
96:
adopt the method of using upper arm tissue to reconstruct the nose during rhinoplasty, granting him the nickname 'the father of plastic surgery'. Although
Tagliacozzi's approach left patients required to have their arm raised to their nose for several months, requiring numerous surgeries, with
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Most surgeons will suggest to patients electing to undergo cosmetic surgery to cease smoking for a period before and after their alterations. Generally a period of four weeks pre-operative and post operative, to aid in the recovery time and the healing of the wound. Just like other surgeries,
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cosmetic surgery may require incisions to be made to the skin, in one or more places of the body. These wounds will be required to heal post operation, therefore leaving the patient at risk of poor wound healing which may be due to numerous causes such as infection requiring
354:
The age limitations around cosmetic surgery within
Australia is eighteen years of age until one is eligible to opt to undergo cosmetic surgery. There is numerous discussions occurring around the use of cosmetic surgery within children which have undergone extensive
368:
In 2011, concerns were expressed as information arose in regards to the quality of the material being used in silicone breast implants. Industrial grade silicone was being used in the replacement of medical grade supplies by a French firm by the name of
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such as Botox or
Dysport. Many rally for the investigation into the uses of these techniques, claiming long term damage can be a result of mistreatment. The authority involved in the monitoring these regulations within Australia is the
146:
turn the need for secrecy arose as people felt the need to hide the truth about their surgical endeavours. From here a surgeon by the name of Henry Junius
Schireson, acquired his license to practice throughout multiple states of
25:, is a surgical procedure which endeavours to improve the physical aspects of one's appearance to become more aesthetically pleasing. The continuously growing field of cosmetic surgery is closely linked with
104:
England was exposed to the Hindu techniques of rhinoplasty by a practitioner in 1815, who clearly defined the use for the surgery, limited to those who were physically affected by the horrors of
360:
lasting impacts on the children during adolescent years due to the dis-figuration causing prejudice and view the surgical procedures will attribute to the child's mental health in later years.
207:(see below), this shift has been made possible, reducing the incision site resulting in a faster recovery time for patients. Examples of non-invasive surgeries are as muscle relaxants, such as
69:
The history of cosmetic surgery can be linked back to that of plastic surgery, as the debate persists, around the blurred lines of the two. Plastic surgery originated in 600 BC when
286:
The most common reason behind one's choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is due to dissatisfaction with their body image. Body image issues are commonly allied with lower levels of
137:
The war gave the dishonoured trade a respected name through the treatment and resurrection of returned war veterans, with shattered physical traits. The century gave rise to
108:. Towards the end of the century in the 1880s John Orlando Roe, a New York surgeon, developed a technique which prevented scarring by operating from inside the nostrils.
809:
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The controversies surrounding cosmetic surgery are plentiful. The stigma that exists around the practice has been evident since its introduction into the
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37:. Although the implementation of cosmetic surgery within Australian society is growing, the trade has struggled to find its place within the
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to rectify the ill shaped nose, a prominent feature of
Syphilis sufferers. The sixteenth century saw an Italian by the name of
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338:. The taboo stigma around these types of surgery is beginning to fade as we see the trend of cosmetic surgery growing.
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can be categorised as a person who thrives on being the center of attention in all social settings. They show signs of
720:
Ericksen, William Leif; Billick, Stephen Bates (18 January 2012). "Psychiatric Issues in
Cosmetic Plastic Surgery".
252:(optical), blindness (optical), obstruction of airways (nasal), loss of sensation, excessive scarring (including of
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118:. The brutality sparked the generation of plastic surgery within Australia introduced by a man by the name of
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in her New York apartment, giving birth to the booming trade of cosmetic surgery for everyday civilians.
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prescribed to a patient are noted and discussed by the surgeons to reduce the chance of issues arising.
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McHale, Jean V (8 February 2012). "Regulating cosmetic surgery: a scalpel where it is needed".
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The development of different techniques within the field of cosmetic surgery has led to the
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Benjamin Rank was an
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453:"Cosmetic Surgery vs. Plastic Surgery |American Board of Cosmetic Surgery"
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615:. Pyrmont, NSW: Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited. pp. 89–90.
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531:"Before & After | American History Lives at American Heritage"
663:"Preconditions and Risks of Cosmetic Surgery – Gorgeous Getaways"
889:"Implants: France recommends removal but UK does not – BBC News"
506:"About Plastic Surgery – Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons"
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691:"Healthy body image: Tips for guiding girls – Mayo Clinic"
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comparison to the heavy controls placed around the use of
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Ill shaped nose of a young girl suffering from syphilis.
810:"Enhance Plastic Surgery: With Dr Andrew Broadhurst"
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Laser being used within the field of tattoo removal.
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114:was the most costly war to Australia in regards to
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88:was prevalent, came the introduction of debatable
53:term Kosmetike, meaning the "art of beautifying".
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126:of the war. This led to the relocation of the
561:Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
557:"A chronologic history of cosmetic surgery"
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789:"Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms"
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130:to the Queen Mary Hospital in
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323:attention seeking behaviour
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637:"Cosmetic Surgery Options"
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510:www.plasticsurgery.org.au
173:Walter Yoe, a patient of
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308:Body dysmorphic disorder
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242:deep vein thrombosis
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917:Beauty's New Normal
94:Gaspare Tagliacozzi
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695:www.mayoclinic.org
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432:"cosmetic surgery"
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768:bddfoundation.org
667:Gorgeous Getaways
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128:Red Cross
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407:See also
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