5199:"Appraising the proportionality of national rules which pursue a legitimate aim under Community law involves weighing the national interest in attaining that aim against the Community interest in ensuring the free movement of goods. In that regard, in order to verify that the restrictive effects on intra-Community trade of the rules at issue do not exceed what is necessary to achieve the aim in view, it must be considered whether those effects are direct, indirect or purely speculative and whether those effects do not impede the marketing of imported products more than the marketing of national products. is to be interpreted as meaning that the prohibition which it lays down does not apply to national legislation prohibiting retailers from opening their premises on Sundays":
5229:"The right to property, and likewise the freedom to pursue an economic activity, form part of the general principles of Community law. However, those principles are not absolute but must be viewed in relation to their social function. Consequently, the exercise of the right to property and the freedom to pursue an economic activity may be restricted, provided that any restrictions in fact correspond to objectives of general interest pursued by the Community and do not constitute in relation to the aim pursued a disproportionate and intolerable interference, impairing the very substance of the rights guaranteed":
5219:“ on a proper construction of , a Member State is not precluded from taking, on the basis of provisions of its domestic legislation, measures against an advertiser in relation to television advertising, provided that those provisions affect in the same way, in law and in fact, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member States, are necessary for meeting overriding requirements of general public importance or one of the aims laid down in , are proportionate for that purpose, and those aims or overriding requirements could not be met by measures less restrictive of intra-Community trade":
443:
2821:
1933:
2891:
4099:
3508:
2981:
2294:
4051:
3460:
2932:
2009:
2462:
1586:
82:
2501:
1638:
134:
491:
4967:, which predates European Union law. As a general principle in European Union law it means that the law must be certain, in that it is clear and precise, and its legal implications foreseeable, especially when applied to financial obligations. The adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union must have a proper legal basis. Legislation in member states which implements European Union law must be worded so that it is clearly understandable by those who are subject to the law.
4267:
3676:
3149:
2177:
1946:
2670:
1820:
316:
3266:
2795:
5009:, is also a central element of the general principle of legal certainty in European Union law. The legitimate expectation doctrine holds that and that "those who act in good faith on the basis of law as it is or seems to be should not be frustrated in their expectations". This means that a European Union institution, once it has induced a party to take a particular course of action, must not renege on its earlier position if doing so would cause the party to suffer loss.
5087:. According to the misuse of power test a decision by a European Union institution is only a misuse of power if "it appears, on the basis of objective, relevant and consistent evidence, to have been adopted with the exclusive or main purpose of achieving end other than those stated." A rare instance where the European Court of Justice has held that a European Union institution has misused its powers, and therefore violated the general principle of legal uncertainty, is
479:
8160:
4243:
3652:
3125:
2153:
4231:
3640:
3113:
2141:
8174:
4195:
3604:
3077:
2255:
2105:
2644:
1794:
290:
455:
4327:
4063:
3736:
3472:
3209:
2944:
2282:
2213:
4315:
4291:
3724:
3700:
3197:
3173:
2201:
2189:
2631:
1781:
277:
4135:
3544:
3017:
2057:
6013:
4183:
4075:
3592:
3484:
3065:
2956:
2318:
2021:
939:
515:
467:
5143:
excessive effect on the applicant's interests. The general principle of proportionality therefore requires that a measure is both appropriate and necessary, and as such the
European Court of Justice to review both the legality of a measure, but also to some extent the merit of legislative and administrative measures. Therefore, the general principle of European Union law of proportionality is often considered as the most far-reaching ground of
4303:
4123:
4111:
4039:
3712:
3532:
3520:
3448:
3185:
3005:
2993:
2920:
2735:
2475:
2342:
2306:
2045:
1997:
1885:
1599:
431:
381:
95:
2722:
2696:
1872:
1846:
368:
342:
2540:
1677:
173:
4219:
4087:
3628:
3496:
3253:
3101:
2969:
2878:
2782:
2592:
2488:
2129:
2033:
1742:
1729:
1612:
537:
503:
238:
225:
108:
4171:
3580:
3053:
2709:
2527:
2514:
2449:
2093:
1859:
1664:
1651:
1573:
559:
355:
160:
147:
69:
5291:
4576:
2865:
2618:
1768:
1625:
264:
121:
3279:
2808:
2579:
1716:
212:
4255:
4159:
3664:
3568:
3137:
3041:
2165:
2081:
5176:: "the Council must be allowed a wide discretion in an area which, as here, involves the legislature in making social policy choices and requires it to carry out complex assessments. Judicial review of the exercise of that discretion must therefore be limited to examining whether it has been vitiated by manifest error or misuse of powers, or whether the institution concerned has manifestly exceeded the limits of its discretion".
44:
4776:
European Court of
Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states. The European Court of Justice also found that "international treaties for the protection of human rights on which the member states have collaborated or of which they are signatories, can supply guidelines which should be followed within the framework of Community law."
2657:
1807:
303:
4351:
3760:
3233:
2354:
1966:
4279:
3688:
3161:
2566:
2330:
1703:
199:
4147:
3556:
3029:
2069:
2425:
2761:
1911:
407:
4207:
3616:
3089:
2683:
2117:
1833:
329:
2553:
1690:
186:
4339:
3748:
3221:
2225:
2605:
1755:
251:
2748:
1898:
394:
3314:
5131:
whether it was appropriate and necessary to achieve the objectives legitimately pursued by the law in question. When there was a choice between several appropriate measures the least onerous must be adopted, and any disadvantage caused must not be disproportionate to the aims pursued. The principle of proportionality is also recognised in
Article 5 of the
4696:. In formulating general principles, European Union judges draw on a variety of sources, including: public international law and its general principles inherent to all legal systems; national laws of the member states, that is general principles common to the laws of all member states, general principles inferred from European Union law, and
5067:"Although in general the principle of legal certainty precludes a Community measure from taking effect from a point in time before its publication, it may exceptionally be otherwise where the purpose to be achieved so demands and where the legitimate expectations of those concerned are duly respected":
4827:
has become an integral part of
European Union law, codifying the fundamental rights which were previously considered general principles of European Union law. In effect, after the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter and the convention now co-exist under European Union law, though the former is enforced by the
5271:
The national courts have procedural autonomy: "In the absence of
Community rules on this subject, it is for the domestic legal system of each Member State to designate the courts having jurisdiction and to determine the procedural conditions governing actions at law intended to ensure the protection
5162:"In order to establish whether a provision of Community law complies with the principle of proportionality, it must be ascertained whether the means which it employs are suitable for the purpose of achieving the desired objective and whether they do not go beyond what is necessary to achieve it":
4768:
ECR 1125 Case 11/70 when it was held that "Respect for fundamental rights form an integral part of the general principles of law protected by the Court of
Justice. The protection of such rights, whilst inspired by the constitutional traditions common to the member states, must be ensured within the
5158:
the
European Court of Justice explained that "it must be states that in matters concerning the common agricultural policy the Community legislature has the discretionary power which corresponds to the political responsibilities given to it by... the Treaty. Consequently, the legality of a measure
5123:
ECR 1125 Case 11/70 the
European Advocate General provided an early formulation of the general principle of proportionality in stating that "the individual should not have his freedom of action limited beyond the degree necessary in the public interest". The general concept of proportionality has
4822:
explicitly recognised fundamental rights by providing in
Article 6(1) that "The Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 7 December 2000, as adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007, which shall have the same legal
4784:
None of the original treaties establishing the
European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was
4985:
Individuals "should have the benefit of a clear and precise legal situation enabling them to ascertain the full extent of their rights and, where appropriate, to rely on them before the national courts"; this is not the case where a Member State does not transpose a directive correctly, despite
5130:
ECR 1–4023 Case C-331/88 in which a European directive prohibiting the use of certain hormonal substances in livestock farming was challenged. In its ruling the European Court of Justice held that by virtue of the general principle of proportionality the lawfulness of the Directive depended on
5184:"The obligation to purchase at a disproportionate price constituted a discriminatory distribution of the burden of costs between the various agricultural sectors. Nor, moreover, was such an obligation necessary in order to attain the objective in view . It could not therefore be justified ”:
4775:
Case 4/73 the European Court of Justice reiterated that human rights are an integral part of the general principles of European Union law and that as such the European Court of Justice was bound to draw inspiration from the constitutional traditions common to the member states. Therefore, the
5142:
has therefore argued that the general principle in European Union law of proportionality entails a three-part test: 1) is the measure suitable to achieve a legitimate aim, 2) is the measure necessary to achieve that aim or are less restrictive means available, and 3) does the measure have an
4761:
Case 29/69 in relation to a European Community scheme to provide cheap butter to recipients of welfare benefits. When the case was referred to the European Court of Justice the ruling of the German Constitutional Court, the European Community could not "prejudice the fundamental human rights
5019:
ECR 2321 Case 120/86. Where a producer "has been encouraged by a Community measure to suspend the marketing for a limited period in the general interest and against payment of a premium he may legitimately expect not to be subject, upon the expiry of his undertaking, to restrictions which
5209:" prohibition of cold calling by the Member State from which the telephone call is made, with a view to protecting investor confidence in the financial markets of that State, cannot be considered to be inappropriate to achieve the objective of securing the integrity of those markets":
4854:, the right of free speech limited – but did not unjustifiably violate – the free movement of goods. The right to strike and to collective action can constitutes a restriction of freedom of establishment, but it may "be justified by an overriding reason of public interest":
5063:
Regulation did not come into effect until it had been published. Opel had brought the action on the basis that the regulation in question violated the principle of legal certainty because it legally came into effect before it had been notified and the regulation published.
5012:
The European Court of Justice has considered the legitimate expectation doctrine in cases where violation of the general principle of legal certainty was alleged in numerous cases involving agricultural policy and European Council regulations, with the leading case being
4836:
The "question of a possible infringement of fundamental rights by a measure of the institutions can only be judged in the light of law itself"; "the freedom to pursue trade or professional activities" must "be viewed in light of the social function of the activities":
5119:
1386:
4764:
5126:
4797:
recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999 the
5151:
cases. However, because the proportionality concept potentially concerns the merits of a measure, European judges may defer to the choice of the authority which has adopted the measure, or make what are frequently political decisions. In
5407:
In the case of non-contractual liability, the Union shall, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States, make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their
9353:
5030:"The principle of the protection of legitimate expectations may be invoked as against Community rules, only to the extent that the Community itself has previously created a situation which can give rise to a legitimate expectation":
6595:
4802:
set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights, which could form the constitutional basis for the European Union and as such tailored specifically to apply to the European Union and its institutions. The
5082:
The misuse of powers test is another significant element of the general principle of legal certainty in European Union law. It holds that a lawful power must not be exercised for any other purpose than that for which it was
5053:: laws should not take effect before they are published. The general principle also requires that sufficient information must be made public to enable parties to know what the law is and comply with it. For example, in
4654:. General principles of law should be distinguished from rules of law as principles are more general and open-ended in the sense that they need to be honed to be applied to specific cases with correct results.
6605:
4674:
5015:
5272:
of the right which citizens have from the direct effect of Community law, it being understood that such conditions cannot be less favorable than those relating to similar actions of a domestic nature":
3998:
803:
571:
4975:
Legal certainty, part of the EU legal order, "requires that legal rules be clear and precise, and aims to ensure that situations and legal relationships governed by law remain foreseeable":
9797:
4925:
In principle, the scope of EU human rights protection follows the field of EU law. However, even when a state is derogating from a Union obligation, it must respect human rights standards:
6451:
9802:
4808:
9512:
6859:
9217:
1048:
6670:
5159:
adopted in that sphere can be affected only if the measure is manifestly inappropriate having regard to the objective which the competent institution is seeking to pursue...".
994:
951:
943:
6874:
5978:
9807:
8616:
6919:
4463:
6740:
6000:
5093:
ECR 1395 Case 105/75. The general principle of legal certainty is particularly stringently applied when European Union law imposes financial burdens on private parties.
6819:
9485:
6069:
9212:
1079:
447:
9690:
8725:
5089:
5055:
4613:
1034:
4755:
Fundamental rights, as in human rights, were first recognised by the European Court of Justice based on arguments developed by the German Constitutional Court in
4700:. General principles are found and applied to avoid the denial of justice, fill gaps in European Union law and to strengthen the coherence of European Union law.
4828:
European Court of Justice in relation to European Union measures, and the latter by the European Court of Human Rights in relation to measures by member states.
6879:
6441:
6217:
1039:
9524:
9372:
8522:
6849:
5244:
A Member State may rely on the protection of fundamental rights, provided this was proportionate, to justify a restriction on Treaty freedoms: Case C-112/00
4771:
3302:
761:
9202:
6600:
6590:
6899:
6202:
9053:
8877:
8588:
8281:
8276:
8271:
6760:
6132:
5305:
5041:: "economic agents cannot legitimately expect that they will not be subject to restrictions arising out of future rules of market or structural policy".
4901:(C-595/10 P) the Court of Justice, by dismissing the appeal, confirmed the General Court's annulment of restrictive measures directed against Kadi.
4824:
4804:
4762:
enshrined in the general principles of Community law and protected by the Court". This concept was further developed by the European Court of Justice in
4686:
3826:
1150:
6894:
4689:) expressly provides for the application of the "general principles common to the laws of the Member States" in the case of non-contractual liability.
1248:
495:
9424:
9383:
9337:
6446:
5255:. But likewise, a trade union's right to collective action restricting Treaty freedoms is also subject to a review of proportionality: Case C-438/05
1980:
1296:
5617:
6620:
6222:
6042:
1188:
1110:
1004:
8720:
8226:
6904:
5993:
4682:
4457:
1425:
930:
6725:
8782:
8286:
6889:
6715:
6008:
797:
483:
9166:
8635:
8474:
8469:
8464:
6675:
4606:
1243:
891:
5475:
4677:
and as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, shall constitute general principles of the Union's law.
9685:
9301:
8698:
6804:
6655:
4453:
3350:
1095:
1029:
1019:
549:
527:
421:
9495:
9207:
9181:
9080:
8578:
6745:
5986:
5233:
The Queen, on the application of Alliance for Natural Health and Others v Secretary of State for Health and National Assembly for Wales
4475:
1158:
519:
471:
435:
6824:
9817:
8777:
8671:
6796:
4932:. Even when the link between the issue at hand and EU law is tenuous, EU law may still apply and human right standards thus invoked:
4913:
3370:
1524:
1198:
1138:
876:
701:
563:
541:
507:
9613:
9608:
4911:. There is a general principle of law in all European Union member states against discrimination, and in favour of equal treatment:
1511:
9534:
9456:
8291:
8141:
6660:
6645:
6404:
5154:
4638:
and the national courts of the member states when determining the lawfulness of legislative and administrative measures within the
4438:
3947:
3365:
9872:
9706:
9561:
9475:
4599:
4408:
4103:
3991:
25:
5972:
9085:
8998:
8842:
8807:
8676:
8608:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8433:
8266:
6635:
6399:
6074:
6032:
4960:
4373:
4363:
1494:
1430:
1283:
1263:
1253:
1176:
1058:
977:
4586:
9779:
9750:
9635:
9529:
9332:
8681:
8603:
8573:
8424:
6755:
6461:
6059:
5947:
5920:
5860:
5830:
5800:
5773:
5743:
5713:
5681:
5654:
5627:
5600:
5573:
5546:
5485:
5458:
5431:
5135:, stating that "any action by the Community shall not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of this Treaty".
4498:
3891:
3866:
1482:
9675:
9630:
9544:
9092:
8772:
8686:
8666:
8583:
8343:
6945:
6730:
6169:
4503:
4448:
4423:
4403:
4398:
4368:
4271:
3854:
3608:
3335:
3328:
1086:
915:
908:
866:
659:
459:
5850:
5733:
5563:
5448:
5421:
9787:
9745:
9490:
9190:
9063:
8959:
8261:
8219:
6261:
4786:
4443:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4383:
4378:
3881:
1959:
1534:
1469:
5020:
specifically affect him precisely because he availed himself of the possibilities offered by the Community provisions":
9655:
9395:
9390:
9127:
8644:
8598:
8568:
8509:
8401:
8308:
8253:
6414:
4657:
The general principles of European Union law are rules of law which a European Union judge, sitting for example in the
4562:
4493:
4413:
4388:
4023:
4018:
3307:
706:
596:
57:
9792:
9680:
9407:
9358:
9107:
9021:
8993:
8755:
8451:
8348:
7567:
7125:
7024:
6700:
6640:
6579:
6471:
6276:
6047:
5893:
5315:
4540:
4393:
3898:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
1504:
1489:
1193:
1133:
1120:
989:
844:
829:
586:
9400:
9156:
9097:
9016:
8903:
8847:
8691:
8379:
7681:
7550:
6750:
6554:
6479:
5937:
5910:
5820:
5790:
5763:
5703:
5394:
4013:
3360:
2890:
2849:
2366:
2272:
1557:
1529:
1499:
1406:
1291:
1100:
1014:
999:
6834:
5273:
5249:
5230:
5220:
5210:
5200:
5185:
5170:
5163:
5068:
5031:
5021:
4987:
4976:
4933:
4926:
4905:
4879:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4838:
9740:
9645:
9625:
9363:
8563:
8551:
8459:
8136:
7483:
7384:
6685:
6514:
6429:
6181:
6147:
5671:
5644:
5590:
4892:
4247:
3903:
3821:
3512:
8527:
9755:
9670:
9603:
9549:
9539:
9517:
9417:
9231:
9122:
9117:
9058:
8975:
8817:
8212:
7643:
7277:
6630:
6610:
6389:
6137:
6089:
6054:
4790:
4732:
4235:
1544:
1440:
1205:
1143:
715:
610:
34:
4807:
draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the
9832:
9765:
9735:
9598:
9571:
9412:
9139:
9073:
9026:
8926:
8715:
8708:
8244:
6996:
6869:
6720:
6695:
6584:
6358:
4724:
4720:
4331:
4319:
4295:
4067:
3799:
3789:
3345:
1365:
923:
576:
9593:
9480:
9439:
9151:
8931:
8416:
7803:
7282:
6765:
6574:
6534:
6529:
6384:
4307:
4199:
4187:
4163:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4079:
4055:
4043:
3930:
3849:
3844:
3680:
1352:
581:
9316:
9867:
9760:
9665:
9444:
9102:
8406:
8361:
7798:
6780:
6524:
6504:
6159:
4545:
4355:
4283:
4223:
4175:
4151:
4091:
3935:
3806:
2839:
2391:
2371:
765:
9470:
9306:
9068:
8872:
7773:
7272:
6940:
6935:
6569:
6409:
6271:
6164:
5501:
4343:
4259:
4211:
3876:
3811:
1539:
1258:
1230:
1223:
4642:. General principles of European Union law may be derived from common legal principles in the various
9725:
9347:
9161:
8864:
8812:
8621:
8532:
7856:
6775:
6770:
6690:
6519:
6499:
6484:
6176:
6037:
5519:
5376:
5110:
4956:
4794:
4658:
4635:
3816:
1183:
1127:
839:
689:
5676:. Vol. 8 of Ius Gentium Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Springer. pp. 41–42.
9378:
8916:
8911:
8703:
8316:
7651:
7633:
6559:
6539:
4785:
that member states should be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the
4697:
4666:
3340:
1336:
1331:
861:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
7985:
4735:(then Court of First Instance) appeared willing to extrapolate from the limited provision for the
9841:
9620:
9507:
8026:
7813:
7302:
7287:
6710:
6316:
5595:. Vol. 8 of Ius Gentium Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Springer. p. 147.
4895:
decisions were reviewed under EC human rights standards and consequently annulled. In its sequel
4736:
4716:
3886:
3656:
2844:
972:
967:
5649:. Vol. 8 of Ius Gentium Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Springer. p. 38.
9730:
9576:
9465:
9434:
9368:
9311:
8742:
8321:
8081:
8066:
6914:
6839:
6331:
6281:
6207:
5084:
5002:
4557:
3925:
3861:
3644:
2905:
1965:
886:
783:
623:
442:
9846:
9451:
9271:
8837:
8393:
8185:
7778:
7456:
7267:
6958:
6829:
6735:
6625:
6336:
6306:
6301:
6286:
5340:
5335:
5296:
5102:
4757:
4708:
4580:
3942:
3908:
3740:
3728:
3704:
3476:
2386:
1276:
1063:
1043:
881:
9650:
9256:
9246:
9112:
9048:
8936:
8479:
8331:
7906:
7252:
6680:
6580:
Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation
6549:
6256:
6244:
6186:
6155:
4740:
4692:
In practice the European Court of Justice has applied general principles to all aspects of
4534:
3974:
3954:
3784:
3716:
3596:
3572:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3488:
3464:
3452:
2416:
2401:
2396:
1378:
870:
8:
9812:
9640:
9581:
9500:
9291:
9276:
8787:
8767:
8661:
8061:
7201:
7118:
6809:
6596:
Directive on the Promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport
6544:
6374:
6266:
6117:
6107:
6079:
4812:
4487:
4194:
3964:
3959:
3764:
3692:
3632:
3603:
3584:
3560:
3500:
3297:
3081:
3076:
2883:
2411:
2406:
2254:
2109:
2104:
1747:
1073:
1009:
854:
677:
665:
617:
243:
5885:
9660:
9261:
9040:
8954:
8366:
7876:
7535:
7389:
7374:
7352:
7096:
7076:
7029:
7019:
6854:
6665:
6650:
6564:
6456:
6379:
6326:
6311:
6018:
5106:
4952:
4704:
4693:
4662:
4651:
4552:
4483:
3969:
3777:
3752:
3668:
3620:
2424:
1474:
777:
629:
5966:
5622:. Butterworths core text series (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 132.
2834:
8593:
7861:
7783:
7621:
7364:
7359:
7312:
7237:
7231:
7071:
6989:
6494:
6435:
6394:
6296:
6212:
6112:
5943:
5916:
5889:
5856:
5826:
5796:
5769:
5739:
5709:
5677:
5650:
5623:
5596:
5569:
5542:
5481:
5454:
5427:
5320:
5050:
4647:
4631:
3313:
1286:
671:
454:
9588:
9266:
8750:
7866:
7833:
7332:
7196:
7191:
7156:
6705:
6127:
5881:
5139:
5060:
4799:
4643:
2322:
822:
695:
8517:
5276:
Rewe-Zentralfinanz eG and Rewe-Zentral AG v Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland
1114:
9296:
8115:
8088:
8076:
8056:
7990:
7968:
7948:
7943:
7923:
7788:
7768:
7763:
7666:
7626:
7337:
7262:
7186:
7171:
7091:
6509:
6419:
6348:
6321:
6291:
6064:
5330:
5325:
5144:
4948:
4712:
3913:
3355:
2259:
1090:
490:
2334:
9281:
8235:
8192:
8000:
7918:
7507:
7473:
7424:
7409:
7181:
7086:
7066:
7056:
6489:
6424:
6342:
6122:
6097:
6012:
5194:
4675:
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
4639:
4511:
4098:
3918:
3507:
2985:
2980:
2506:
2293:
1951:
1643:
1301:
895:
833:
683:
647:
641:
139:
4769:
framework of the structure and objectives of the Community." Subsequently, in
9861:
9342:
8046:
8005:
7891:
7871:
7843:
7793:
7758:
7732:
7727:
7720:
7671:
7611:
7451:
7441:
7399:
7322:
7317:
7247:
7206:
7130:
6864:
6814:
6615:
6102:
5310:
5113:
since the 1950s. It was first recognised by the European Court of Justice in
4986:
case-law interpreting national legislation in accordance with the directive:
4819:
4005:
3271:
2800:
2439:
2358:
2286:
1104:
653:
5673:
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Declaration to Binding Instrument
5646:
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Declaration to Binding Instrument
5592:
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Declaration to Binding Instrument
8829:
8178:
7928:
7896:
7851:
7589:
7584:
7555:
7468:
7446:
7414:
7347:
7327:
7221:
7161:
7151:
7103:
7061:
7039:
6982:
6884:
6844:
6353:
3793:
2346:
2310:
2298:
1445:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
635:
8204:
4779:
8760:
8653:
8100:
8041:
8031:
7828:
7823:
7661:
7562:
7478:
7437:
7404:
7369:
7292:
7216:
7166:
7081:
6909:
5049:
In European Union law the general principle of legal certainty prohibits
4904:
EU law does not extend to combating discrimination on grounds of health:
4266:
3675:
3153:
3148:
2826:
2675:
2181:
2176:
1938:
1825:
321:
5120:
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle Getreide
9251:
8852:
8164:
8093:
7973:
7911:
7656:
7577:
7572:
7530:
7512:
7500:
7461:
7307:
7297:
7257:
7242:
7226:
7176:
7113:
7108:
6963:
5148:
5006:
4964:
4765:
International Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle Getreide
4242:
3651:
3129:
3124:
2649:
2157:
2152:
1799:
1306:
478:
295:
9719:
8799:
8730:
8071:
8036:
7978:
7953:
7818:
7715:
7703:
7688:
7676:
7604:
7522:
7495:
7379:
5132:
4230:
3639:
3117:
3112:
2636:
2240:
2145:
2140:
1786:
982:
282:
8159:
9429:
9286:
9171:
8120:
8105:
7808:
7693:
7490:
7034:
4326:
4314:
4290:
4062:
3735:
3723:
3699:
3471:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3177:
3172:
2948:
2943:
2740:
2727:
2701:
2480:
2281:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
1987:
1890:
1877:
1851:
1604:
591:
386:
373:
347:
100:
6860:
Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v Inspire Art Ltd
9195:
8010:
7958:
7938:
7886:
7698:
7616:
7432:
7394:
7342:
6800:
6606:
Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources
6249:
4897:
4302:
4182:
4158:
4134:
4122:
4110:
4074:
4050:
4038:
3711:
3591:
3567:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3483:
3459:
3447:
3258:
3189:
3184:
3069:
3064:
3045:
3040:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2960:
2955:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2787:
2714:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2493:
2467:
2454:
2341:
2317:
2305:
2085:
2080:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1864:
1734:
1708:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1617:
1591:
1578:
1387:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
938:
514:
466:
430:
360:
230:
204:
178:
165:
152:
113:
87:
74:
43:
6671:
Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions
5059:
ECR II-39 Case T-115/94 The European Court of Justice held that
8537:
8110:
7963:
7708:
7599:
7594:
7540:
7211:
5127:
R v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ex parte Fedesa
5005:, which has its roots in the principles of legal certainty and
4887:
4468:
4350:
4278:
4218:
4170:
4146:
4086:
3759:
3687:
3627:
3579:
3555:
3495:
3284:
3237:
3232:
3165:
3160:
3105:
3100:
3057:
3052:
3033:
3028:
2973:
2968:
2870:
2813:
2766:
2688:
2623:
2584:
2558:
2353:
2329:
2133:
2128:
2097:
2092:
2073:
2068:
2037:
2032:
1916:
1838:
1773:
1721:
1695:
1630:
558:
536:
502:
412:
334:
269:
217:
191:
126:
8051:
7995:
7901:
7742:
7545:
7044:
6875:
Marleasing SA v La Comercial Internacional de Alimentacion SA
5541:(sixth ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 112–113.
4338:
4254:
4206:
3747:
3663:
3615:
3225:
3220:
3141:
3136:
3093:
3088:
2753:
2662:
2610:
2229:
2224:
2169:
2164:
2121:
2116:
1903:
1812:
1760:
399:
308:
256:
6626:
Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights
5195:
Proportionality in state actions when implementing Union law
4464:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
9176:
7933:
7881:
7737:
7135:
7051:
6741:
European Directive on Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products
6631:
Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely
4744:
1254:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
4703:
Accepted general principles of European Union Law include
9354:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
7005:
4661:, has to find and apply but not create. Particularly for
4516:
4780:
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
8344:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
6974:
6442:
European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances
5973:
European Community and Union Law and International Law
4920:
5975:, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
4951:
has been recognised one of the general principles of
8402:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
6601:
Directive on the re-use of public sector information
5875:
5286:
5115:
Federation Charbonniere de Belgique v High Authority
4831:
8434:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
8349:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
6761:
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
5568:(3rd ed.). Pearson Education. pp. 41–43.
5365:(1st ed.). Europa Law Publishing. p. 418.
5306:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
4979:
Duff and Others v Minister for Agriculture and Food
4825:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
4805:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
4687:
Treaty establishing the European Economic Community
8425:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
6895:Peter Paul and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland
6591:Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications
5179:
5395:"Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union"
9859:
6621:Directive on the energy performance of buildings
1249:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
9798:Largest cities by population within city limits
6905:Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent und Markenamt
5453:(3rd ed.). Pearson Education. p. 41.
5105:is recognised one of the general principles of
4683:Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
1426:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
528:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
8407:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
8362:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
8220:
6990:
6890:Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA
6716:Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
5994:
5536:
4607:
8380:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
6726:Directive on services in the internal market
6676:Directive on the legal protection of designs
8234:
6805:Allonby v Accrington and Rossendale College
6656:Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
6575:Directive 2000/43/EC on Anti-discrimination
6550:Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC)
5942:. Cambridge University Press. p. 450.
5915:. Cambridge University Press. p. 449.
5848:
5825:. Cambridge University Press. p. 448.
5795:. Cambridge University Press. p. 456.
5768:. Cambridge University Press. p. 455.
5731:
5708:. Cambridge University Press. p. 454.
5419:
3351:Political groups of the European Parliament
1422:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
9081:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
8227:
8213:
6997:
6983:
6681:Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
6001:
5987:
5024:Mulder v Minister van Landbouw en Visserij
5016:Mulder v Minister van Landbouw en Visserij
4614:
4600:
5124:since been further developed, notably in
4996:
4673:Fundamental rights, as guaranteed by the
1525:Publications Office of the European Union
9535:European Structural and Investment Funds
9457:European System of Financial Supervision
8322:Western European Union (1954–2011)
8142:History of the American legal profession
6661:Internal Market in Electricity Directive
6646:European units of measurement directives
6535:Copyright Duration Directive (93/98/EEC)
6405:Commission Regulation (EU) No. 1170/2011
5935:
5908:
5844:
5842:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5788:
5761:
5757:
5755:
5727:
5725:
5701:
5615:
4628:general principles of European Union law
3948:European System of Financial Supervision
1244:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
6825:Chacón Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA
6019:Judiciary and law of the European Union
5697:
5695:
5693:
5669:
5642:
5588:
5537:Craig, Paul; de Búrca, Gráinne (2015).
4880:Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P
4823:value as the Treaties." Therefore, the
4454:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2379:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
9860:
8999:European Economic and Social Committee
8808:Court of Justice of the European Union
8332:European Communities (1967–2009)
6540:Copyright Term Directive (2006/116/EC)
6447:Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006
6400:Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2257/94
6033:Court of Justice of the European Union
5939:European Union law: text and materials
5912:European Union law: text and materials
5822:European Union law: text and materials
5792:European Union law: text and materials
5765:European Union law: text and materials
5705:European Union law: text and materials
5502:"EUR-Lex – 62000TJ0074 – EN – EUR-Lex"
5473:
5266:
5034:Kühn v Landwirtschaftskammer Weser-Ems
4961:general principle of international law
4476:United States–European Union relations
1495:European Economic and Social Committee
9636:Stabilisation and Association Process
9333:Area of freedom, security and justice
8208:
6978:
6756:Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive
6746:Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
6462:Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation
6380:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1348/2000
6375:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/2001
5982:
5855:. Taylor & Francis. p. 102.
5839:
5809:
5752:
5738:. Taylor & Francis. p. 232.
5722:
5426:. Taylor & Francis. p. 231.
5173:UK v Council (Working Time Directive)
4914:Kücükdeveci v Swedex GmbH & Co KG
4815:in 1989 and European Union Treaties.
4789:in 1950 and the establishment of the
4750:
4499:European Union and the United Nations
4031:Foreign relations of EU member states
16:Principles applied by European courts
9631:European Union Association Agreement
8367:European Community (1993–2009)
6946:Accountability in the European Union
5690:
5561:
5520:"EUR-Lex – 12008E191 – EN – EUR-Lex"
5446:
5377:"EUR-Lex – 12012M006 – EN – EUR-Lex"
5360:
5203:Stoke-on-Trent and Norwich v B&Q
5044:
4959:since the 1960s. It is an important
4504:European Union Association Agreement
4439:Switzerland–European Union relations
3336:Elections to the European Parliament
8960:European Data Protection Supervisor
8262:Ideas of European unity before 1948
6731:Temporary and Agency Work Directive
6218:Commission and Council acting alone
5971:von Bogdandy, Armin Smrkolj, Maja.
5239:
5231:Joined Cases C-154/04 and C-155/04
5077:
4921:The scope of human rights in the EU
4787:European Convention on Human Rights
4409:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
1960:Nuclear power in the European Union
1535:European Personnel Selection Office
1470:European Data Protection Supervisor
1431:European Public Prosecutor's Office
13:
9656:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
9396:Common Security and Defence Policy
9391:Common Foreign and Security Policy
5539:EU law: text, cases, and materials
5096:
4942:
4747:to a general principle of EU law.
4563:Convention on the Future of Europe
4494:Microstates and the European Union
4374:Australia–European Union relations
4364:Argentina–European Union relations
3312:
3308:Microstates and the European Union
2889:
2857:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2423:
1964:
597:Withdrawal from the European Union
14:
9884:
9425:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
9022:European Union Military Committee
8994:European Committee of the Regions
7126:Restitution and unjust enrichment
6641:European SEA Directive 2001/42/EC
6636:Environmental liability directive
5960:
5886:10.1093/he/9780198714927.001.0001
5878:EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials
5316:Gold-plating (European Union law)
4832:The common standard of protection
4809:Declaration on Fundamental Rights
4646:, or general principles found in
4541:European Coal and Steel Community
1505:European Union Military Committee
1490:European Committee of the Regions
1393:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1121:Member of the European Parliament
792:Abandoned treaties and agreements
9401:Permanent Structured Cooperation
9017:Political and Security Committee
8904:European Atomic Energy Community
8173:
8172:
8158:
6555:Dangerous Preparations Directive
6480:Good Clinical Practice Directive
6011:
5477:Understanding European Union law
5289:
5147:and of particular importance in
4891:), Council regulations based on
4574:
4449:Ukraine–European Union relations
4424:Moldova–European Union relations
4404:Iceland–European Union relations
4399:Georgia–European Union relations
4369:Armenia–European Union relations
4349:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4037:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2876:
2863:
2850:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2564:
2551:
2538:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2280:
2253:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1944:
1931:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1530:European External Action Service
1500:Political and Security Committee
1407:European Supervisory Authorities
937:
784:European Economic Area Agreement
557:
535:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
453:
441:
429:
405:
392:
379:
366:
353:
340:
327:
314:
301:
288:
275:
262:
249:
236:
223:
210:
197:
184:
171:
158:
145:
132:
119:
106:
93:
80:
67:
42:
9803:National parties by affiliation
9646:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
9626:Economic Partnership Agreements
8317:Western Union (1948–1954)
8137:History of the legal profession
6686:Measuring Instruments Directive
6515:Capital Requirements Directives
6430:Regulation on Community designs
5929:
5902:
5869:
5782:
5663:
5636:
5609:
5582:
5555:
5180:Proportionality in Union action
4893:United Nations Security Council
4444:Turkey–European Union relations
4434:Russia–European Union relations
4429:Norway–European Union relations
4419:Mexico–European Union relations
4384:Canada–European Union relations
4379:Brazil–European Union relations
3904:Passports of the European Union
2894:Schengen Area from January 2023
9873:Legal doctrines and principles
9808:Presidents of the institutions
9604:European Higher Education Area
9182:International status and usage
8976:Agencies of the European Union
8709:European political foundations
6900:Procureur du Roi v Dassonville
6611:End of Life Vehicles Directive
6203:Ordinary legislative procedure
5530:
5512:
5494:
5467:
5440:
5413:
5387:
5369:
5354:
4791:European Court of Human Rights
4414:Japan–European Union relations
4389:China–European Union relations
1545:European Administrative School
1441:European Data Protection Board
1326:European Investment Bank Group
35:Politics of the European Union
1:
9599:European Common Aviation Area
9054:Charter of Fundamental Rights
9027:European Union Military Staff
8927:European University Institute
8716:Council of the European Union
6870:Microsoft Corp. v. Commission
6721:Satellite and Cable Directive
6585:Information Society Directive
6415:Regulation on roaming charges
6133:Charter of Fundamental Rights
5876:Craig & de Burca (2015).
5670:Giacomo, Di Federico (2011).
5643:Giacomo, Di Federico (2011).
5589:Giacomo, Di Federico (2011).
5363:Europeanisation of Public Law
5347:
4721:primacy of European Union law
4685:(formerly Article 215 of the
4394:European Union–NATO relations
3440:Elections in EU member states
3371:Referendums related to the EU
1366:European University Institute
1360:European University Institute
587:Germany–Netherlands relations
9594:European Political Community
9440:European Banking Supervision
8932:European Stability Mechanism
6766:Waste Incineration Directive
6701:Pressure Equipment Directive
6530:Conditional Access Directive
6385:Customs Regulation 1383/2003
6322:Principle of legal certainty
5071:Decker v Hauptzollamt Landau
4681:Further, Article 340 of the
3931:European Banking Supervision
1969:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1416:Executive agencies of the EU
1353:European Stability Mechanism
1347:European Stability Mechanism
7:
9666:Union for the Mediterranean
9445:Single Resolution Mechanism
9384:Vehicle registration plates
9338:Migration and asylum policy
9317:Potential superpower status
6751:Universal Service Directive
6587:(first Copyright directive)
6525:Computer Programs Directive
6505:Biocidal Products Directive
6390:Regulation (EC) No 261/2004
5967:Summaries of EU legislation
5849:Kaczorowsky, Alina (2008).
5732:Kaczorowsky, Alina (2008).
5420:Kaczorowsky, Alina (2008).
5282:
4546:European Economic Community
3936:Single Resolution Mechanism
3303:EEA National Identity cards
2840:Schengen Information System
2372:Enlargement of the eurozone
1981:Economic and Monetary Union
1437:Corporate bodies of the EU
1055:Council preparatory bodies
804:UK membership renegotiation
10:
9889:
9609:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
9307:Differentiated integration
8873:European Court of Auditors
8704:European political parties
7804:International legal theory
7283:International slavery laws
7278:International human rights
7273:International criminal law
6941:European Anti-Fraud Office
6410:Customs Regulation 3295/94
6272:European Enforcement Order
5117:ECR 245 Case C8/55 and in
4970:
1519:Inter-institutional bodies
1264:Public Prosecutor's Office
1231:European Court of Auditors
1224:European Court of Auditors
1177:Court of Justice of the EU
9826:
9778:
9726:House of European History
9714:
9705:
9560:
9348:European Judicial Network
9325:
9239:
9230:
9218:Health expense per person
9147:
9138:
9039:
9007:
8984:
8968:
8945:
8892:
8865:Supreme audit institution
8863:
8828:
8798:
8741:
8652:
8643:
8634:
8559:
8550:
8508:
8450:
8415:
8392:
8375:
8357:
8339:
8330:
8307:
8300:
8252:
8243:
8152:
8129:
8019:
7857:Administration of justice
7842:
7751:
7642:
7521:
7423:
7144:
7012:
6954:
6928:
6789:
6776:Water Framework Directive
6771:Waste framework directive
6691:Medical Devices Directive
6520:Clinical Trials Directive
6500:Best available technology
6485:Data Protection Directive
6470:
6367:
6231:
6195:
6146:
6088:
6038:European Court of Justice
6025:
5936:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5909:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5819:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5789:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5762:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5702:Chalmers, Damian (2006).
5616:Horspool, Margot (2006).
5565:Law of the European Union
5480:. Routledge. p. 44.
5450:Law of the European Union
5111:European Court of Justice
4957:European Court of Justice
4795:European Court of Justice
4659:European Court of Justice
4636:European Court of Justice
4634:which are applied by the
4581:European Union portal
1184:European Court of Justice
611:Treaties and Declarations
577:Belgium–Germany relations
8917:European Investment Fund
8912:European Investment Bank
7634:Basic structure doctrine
7484:Natural and legal rights
7365:Public international law
6696:Posted Workers Directive
6560:Data Retention Directive
4698:fundamental human rights
4667:Treaty on European Union
1464:Other independent bodies
909:Legislative institutions
882:College of Commissioners
862:Von der Leyen Commission
582:France–Germany relations
24:This article is part of
9621:European Peace Facility
8848:System of Central Banks
7814:Principle of typicality
7288:International trade law
7004:
6711:Resale Rights Directive
6317:Precautionary principle
6223:Commission acting alone
5562:Kent, Penelope (2001).
5447:Kent, Penelope (2001).
5188:Bela-Mühle v Grows-Farm
5169:. This is confirmed in
5037:. This is confirmed in
4737:precautionary principle
4717:equality before the law
2845:Visa Information System
2273:Other currencies in use
1064:Council Working Parties
9731:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
9577:European Economic Area
9435:European banking union
9312:Privileged partnership
9167:Government procurement
6915:Van Duyn v Home Office
6840:Coleman v Attridge Law
6781:Working Time Directive
6332:Principle of conferral
6208:Consultation procedure
6070:Relationship with ECHR
6060:Civil Service Tribunal
5474:Davies, Karen (2003).
5246:Schmidberger v Austria
5090:Giuffrida v Commission
5056:Opel Austria v Council
5003:legitimate expectation
4997:Legitimate expectation
4665:, Article 6(3) of the
4558:Western European Union
3926:European banking union
3862:European Single Market
3431:2024 (latest election)
3318:
3317:European Economic Area
2906:European Economic Area
2895:
2429:
1970:
1396:Single market agencies
817:Executive institutions
757:Treaties of succession
448:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9676:Free trade agreements
9518:Health Insurance Card
9452:Capital Markets Union
9302:Democratic legitimacy
9272:Optimum currency area
9093:Legislative procedure
8838:European Central Bank
7809:Principle of legality
7568:Delegated legislation
7268:Intellectual property
6959:European Union portal
6736:Trade Marks Directive
6307:Maximum harmonisation
6302:Minimum harmonisation
6287:Home state regulation
5341:Minimum harmonisation
5336:Maximum harmonisation
5297:European Union portal
5101:The legal concept of
4758:Stauder v City of Ulm
3943:Capital Markets Union
3855:Free Trade Agreements
3316:
2893:
2427:
1968:
1277:European Central Bank
1238:Other auditory bodies
1218:Auditory institutions
1171:Judicial institutions
916:Legislative procedure
798:European Constitution
722:Treaties of accession
9788:Books on the subject
9651:EU Gateway Programme
9614:EU/ESA Space Council
9572:Neighbourhood Policy
9530:Regional development
9496:Environmental policy
9486:Educational policies
9413:Neighbourhood Policy
9257:Intergovernmentalism
9247:European integration
9162:Community preference
9113:Enhanced cooperation
9098:Citizens' Initiative
8937:Unified Patent Court
8788:Directorates-General
8579:Environmental issues
8027:Barristers' chambers
7969:Legal representation
7907:Justice of the peace
7253:Financial regulation
6257:Direct applicability
6245:Acquis communautaire
6187:Digital Services Act
4741:environmental policy
4535:European Communities
3975:Enhanced cooperation
3346:European foundations
2963:(provisional member)
1512:EU/ESA Space Council
1379:Unified Patent Court
1373:Unified Patent Court
1159:National parliaments
1049:Directorates-general
9813:Terrorist incidents
9641:Eastern Partnership
9582:EEA Joint Committee
9501:European Green Deal
9471:Agricultural policy
9277:Supranational union
8768:European Commission
8726:General Secretariat
8662:European Parliament
8617:Special territories
8417:Financial stability
8062:Election commission
7774:Expressive function
7303:Landlord–tenant law
7202:Consumer protection
6810:Apostolides v Orams
6545:Cosmetics Directive
6267:European labour law
6170:Framework Directive
6108:Single European Act
6080:European civil code
5361:Jans, J.H. (2007).
5267:Procedural autonomy
4990:Commission v Greece
4813:European Parliament
4772:J Nold v Commission
4014:Ext. Action Service
3999:High Representative
3965:European Federation
3839:Policies and issues
3298:EEA Joint Committee
2428:Eurozone since 2015
1450:Joint undertakings
1074:European Parliament
855:European Commission
678:Treaty of Amsterdam
666:Single European Act
618:Schuman Declaration
572:Special territories
550:Applicant countries
422:Candidate countries
9868:European Union law
9661:Northern Dimension
9408:Enlargement Policy
9350:(criminal matters)
9262:Multi-speed Europe
8955:European Ombudsman
8611:(first-level NUTS)
8594:Larger urban zones
8020:Legal institutions
7887:Lawsuit/Litigation
7877:Dispute resolution
7682:Catholic canon law
7390:State of emergency
7353:Will and testament
7077:Law of obligations
7030:Constitutional law
7020:Administrative law
6666:Landfill Directive
6651:Habitats Directive
6565:Database Directive
6457:Rome II Regulation
6312:Preliminary ruling
5852:European Union law
5735:European Union law
5619:European Union law
5423:European Union law
5259:and Case C-341/05
5213:Alpine Investments
5107:European Union law
4953:European Union law
4908:Sonia Chacon Navas
4751:Fundamental rights
4743:in Article 191(2)
4727:. In Case T-74/00
4705:fundamental rights
4694:European Union law
4663:fundamental rights
4652:European Union law
4553:European Community
4484:Common Travel Area
3970:Multi-speed Europe
3827:Fundamental Rights
3378:European elections
3319:
2896:
2430:
1971:
1475:European Ombudsman
952:July–December 2024
778:Schengen Agreement
690:Berlin Declaration
660:Solemn Declaration
630:Europe Declaration
9855:
9854:
9774:
9773:
9761:Telephone numbers
9701:
9700:
9476:Cultural policies
9226:
9225:
9213:Unemployment rate
9035:
9034:
8895:international-law
8888:
8887:
8878:Secretary-General
8630:
8629:
8589:Geographic centre
8546:
8545:
8446:
8445:
8388:
8387:
8202:
8201:
7862:Constitutionalism
7784:Law and economics
7622:Act of parliament
7360:Product liability
7313:Legal archaeology
7238:Environmental law
7232:Entertainment law
7072:International law
6972:
6971:
6936:Court of Auditors
6495:Battery Directive
6436:Societas Europaea
6395:EU-Eco-regulation
6297:Incidental effect
6213:Consent procedure
6113:Maastricht Treaty
6075:Public Prosecutor
6048:Advocates General
5949:978-0-521-52741-5
5922:978-0-521-52741-5
5862:978-0-415-44797-3
5832:978-0-521-52741-5
5802:978-0-521-52741-5
5775:978-0-521-52741-5
5745:978-0-415-44797-3
5715:978-0-521-52741-5
5683:978-94-007-0155-7
5656:978-94-007-0155-7
5629:978-0-19-928763-5
5602:978-94-007-0155-7
5575:978-0-582-42367-1
5548:978-0-19-871492-7
5524:eur-lex.europa.eu
5506:eur-lex.europa.eu
5487:978-1-85941-848-2
5460:978-0-582-42367-1
5433:978-0-415-44797-3
5381:eur-lex.europa.eu
5321:Incidental effect
5166:Germany v Council
5045:Non-retroactivity
4648:international law
4632:principles of law
4624:
4623:
3992:Foreign relations
1925:Associated states
1540:Anti-Fraud Office
1259:Anti-Fraud Office
1194:Advocates General
1040:Secretary-General
924:Council of the EU
892:Secretary-General
672:Maastricht Treaty
9880:
9835:
9712:
9711:
9589:Energy Community
9508:Fisheries policy
9267:Neofunctionalism
9237:
9236:
9145:
9144:
9087:Official Journal
9074:Citizens' Rights
8813:Court of Justice
8751:European Council
8699:Political groups
8650:
8649:
8641:
8640:
8612:
8557:
8556:
8337:
8336:
8305:
8304:
8250:
8249:
8229:
8222:
8215:
8206:
8205:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8163:
8162:
7986:Question of fact
7867:Criminal justice
7197:Construction law
7192:Conflict of laws
7157:Agricultural law
6999:
6992:
6985:
6976:
6975:
6920:Van Gend en Loos
6706:Rental Directive
6118:Amsterdam Treaty
6017:
6016:
6015:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5954:
5953:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5846:
5837:
5836:
5816:
5807:
5806:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5759:
5750:
5749:
5729:
5720:
5719:
5699:
5688:
5687:
5667:
5661:
5660:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5586:
5580:
5579:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5358:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5240:Horizontal cases
5140:Grainne de Burca
5078:Misuse of powers
5061:European Council
5051:retroactive laws
5001:The doctrine of
4868:. Similarly see
4811:produced by the
4800:European Council
4644:EU member states
4616:
4609:
4602:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4354:
4353:
4342:
4341:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4293:
4282:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4245:
4234:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4162:
4161:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4090:
4089:
4078:
4077:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4042:
4041:
3960:Supranationalism
3867:Area of FS&J
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3655:
3654:
3643:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3571:
3570:
3559:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3341:European parties
3282:
3281:
3280:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3236:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3116:
3115:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2971:
2959:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2923:
2922:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2323:Hungarian forint
2321:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2285:
2284:
2258:
2257:
2228:
2227:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1988:Eurozone members
1949:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1419:Euratom agencies
1044:Thérèse Blanchet
942:
941:
845:List of meetings
823:European Council
696:Treaty of Lisbon
562:
561:
540:
539:
518:
517:
506:
505:
494:
493:
482:
481:
470:
469:
458:
457:
446:
445:
434:
433:
410:
409:
408:
397:
396:
395:
384:
383:
382:
371:
370:
369:
358:
357:
356:
345:
344:
343:
332:
331:
330:
319:
318:
317:
306:
305:
304:
293:
292:
291:
280:
279:
278:
267:
266:
265:
254:
253:
252:
241:
240:
239:
228:
227:
226:
215:
214:
213:
202:
201:
200:
189:
188:
187:
176:
175:
174:
163:
162:
161:
150:
149:
148:
137:
136:
135:
124:
123:
122:
111:
110:
109:
98:
97:
96:
85:
84:
83:
72:
71:
70:
46:
21:
20:
9888:
9887:
9883:
9882:
9881:
9879:
9878:
9877:
9858:
9857:
9856:
9851:
9838:
9831:
9822:
9770:
9751:Public holidays
9697:
9671:Global Strategy
9563:
9556:
9525:Labour mobility
9418:Global Strategy
9379:Driving licence
9321:
9297:Pro-Europeanism
9222:
9134:
9059:Competition law
9031:
9009:
9003:
8986:
8980:
8964:
8947:
8941:
8896:
8894:
8884:
8859:
8824:
8794:
8778:Vice-Presidents
8737:
8672:Vice-Presidents
8626:
8610:
8604:Protected areas
8574:External border
8542:
8504:
8442:
8411:
8384:
8371:
8353:
8326:
8296:
8287:1993–2004
8282:1973–1993
8277:1958–1972
8272:1948–1957
8239:
8233:
8203:
8198:
8171:
8157:
8148:
8125:
8116:Political party
8089:Legal education
8077:Law enforcement
8057:Court of equity
8015:
7991:Question of law
7944:Practice of law
7924:Judicial review
7838:
7789:Legal formalism
7769:Comparative law
7764:Contract theory
7747:
7667:Legal pluralism
7638:
7627:Act of Congress
7551:Executive order
7517:
7419:
7338:Nationality law
7263:Immigration law
7187:Competition law
7140:
7008:
7003:
6973:
6968:
6950:
6924:
6820:Cassis de Dijon
6785:
6510:Birds Directive
6466:
6420:Brussels Regime
6363:
6349:State liability
6337:Proportionality
6292:Indirect effect
6238:
6236:
6227:
6191:
6142:
6084:
6065:European lawyer
6021:
6010:
6009:
6007:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5934:
5930:
5923:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5874:
5870:
5863:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5787:
5783:
5776:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5700:
5691:
5684:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5641:
5637:
5630:
5614:
5610:
5603:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5535:
5531:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5472:
5468:
5461:
5445:
5441:
5434:
5418:
5414:
5400:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5331:Internal Market
5326:Indirect effect
5295:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5269:
5242:
5197:
5182:
5145:judicial review
5103:proportionality
5099:
5097:Proportionality
5080:
5047:
4999:
4973:
4949:legal certainty
4947:The concept of
4945:
4943:Legal certainty
4923:
4834:
4782:
4753:
4713:legal certainty
4709:proportionality
4620:
4591:
4587:Other countries
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4508:
4480:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3914:Pro-Europeanism
3840:
3832:
3831:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
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3541:
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3505:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3380:
3375:
3356:Spitzenkandidat
3331:
3321:
3320:
3294:
3289:
3278:
3276:
3265:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3242:
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3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
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3050:
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3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2835:Prüm Convention
2831:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2760:
2758:
2747:
2745:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2602:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2576:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2513:
2511:
2500:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2381:
2376:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2260:Paschal Donohoe
2252:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1991:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1908:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1793:
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1780:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1726:
1715:
1713:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1687:
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1663:
1661:
1650:
1648:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1564:Euratom members
1560:
1550:
1549:
1521:
1516:
1486:
1483:Advisory bodies
1479:
1466:
1461:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1337:Investment Fund
1332:Investment Bank
1328:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1139:Vice Presidents
1083:
1077:
1070:
1026:
1025:
1024:
962:
957:
956:
955:
948:
936:
934:
927:
920:
911:
901:
900:
877:Vice Presidents
858:
851:
826:
818:
810:
809:
794:
789:
774:
769:
768:
759:
754:
753:
724:
719:
718:
713:
624:Treaty of Paris
613:
603:
602:
601:
568:
556:
553:
546:
534:
531:
524:
512:
500:
496:North Macedonia
488:
476:
464:
452:
440:
428:
425:
418:
417:
406:
404:
393:
391:
380:
378:
367:
365:
354:
352:
341:
339:
328:
326:
315:
313:
302:
300:
289:
287:
276:
274:
263:
261:
250:
248:
237:
235:
224:
222:
211:
209:
198:
196:
185:
183:
172:
170:
159:
157:
146:
144:
133:
131:
120:
118:
107:
105:
94:
92:
81:
79:
68:
66:
61:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9886:
9876:
9875:
9870:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9849:
9844:
9837:
9836:
9828:
9827:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9782:
9776:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9736:Laissez-passer
9733:
9728:
9723:
9715:
9709:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9695:
9694:
9693:
9688:
9686:Current agenda
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9617:
9616:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9585:
9584:
9574:
9568:
9566:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9545:Sport policies
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9521:
9520:
9510:
9505:
9504:
9503:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9459:
9449:
9448:
9447:
9442:
9432:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9404:
9403:
9388:
9387:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9345:
9340:
9329:
9327:
9323:
9322:
9320:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9292:Federalisation
9289:
9284:
9282:Euroscepticism
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9243:
9241:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9185:
9184:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9148:
9142:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9083:
9078:
9077:
9076:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9045:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9013:
9011:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8990:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8972:
8970:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8923:
8922:
8919:
8914:
8906:
8900:
8898:
8890:
8889:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8869:
8867:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8834:
8832:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8815:
8804:
8802:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8747:
8745:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8695:
8694:
8692:Constituencies
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8658:
8656:
8647:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8584:Extreme points
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8560:
8554:
8548:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8514:
8512:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8431:
8421:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8404:
8398:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8346:
8340:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8319:
8313:
8311:
8309:Defence policy
8302:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8256:
8247:
8241:
8240:
8238: articles
8236:European Union
8232:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8209:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8189:
8182:
8168:
8165:Law portal
8153:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8133:
8131:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8023:
8021:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8003:
8001:Trial advocacy
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7909:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7848:
7846:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7648:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7538:
7533:
7531:Ballot measure
7527:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7508:Legal treatise
7505:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7476:
7474:Letters patent
7471:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7425:Sources of law
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7410:Unenforced law
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7182:Commercial law
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7148:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6793:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6570:Database right
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6490:ATEX directive
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6425:CLP Regulation
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6343:Staatenverbund
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6241:
6239:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6182:Recommendation
6179:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6162:
6152:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6006:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5961:External links
5959:
5956:
5955:
5948:
5928:
5921:
5901:
5894:
5868:
5861:
5838:
5831:
5808:
5801:
5781:
5774:
5751:
5744:
5721:
5714:
5689:
5682:
5662:
5655:
5635:
5628:
5608:
5601:
5581:
5574:
5554:
5547:
5529:
5511:
5493:
5486:
5466:
5459:
5439:
5432:
5412:
5386:
5368:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5284:
5281:
5268:
5265:
5241:
5238:
5211:Case C-384/93
5201:Case C-169/91
5196:
5193:
5181:
5178:
5164:Case C-426/93
5098:
5095:
5079:
5076:
5046:
5043:
4998:
4995:
4988:Case C-236/95
4972:
4969:
4944:
4941:
4936:Mary Carpenter
4927:Case C-260/89
4922:
4919:
4863:Case C-341/05
4856:Case C-438/05
4849:Case C-112/00
4839:Case C-159/90
4833:
4830:
4781:
4778:
4752:
4749:
4679:
4678:
4640:European Union
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4531:
4529:Defunct bodies
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4310:
4298:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4142:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4104:Czech Republic
4094:
4082:
4070:
4058:
4046:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4024:Defence Policy
4021:
4019:Foreign Policy
4016:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3919:Euroscepticism
3916:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3822:Recommendation
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3513:Czech Republic
3503:
3491:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Constituencies
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3274:
3261:
3245:Non-EU members
3243:
3241:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2986:Czech Republic
2976:
2964:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2887:
2873:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2774:Non-EU members
2772:
2770:
2769:
2756:
2743:
2730:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2639:
2626:
2613:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2561:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2509:
2507:Czech Republic
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1952:United Kingdom
1941:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1644:Czech Republic
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1492:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:of the Euratom
1454:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1302:Euro banknotes
1299:
1294:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1108:
1096:Largest groups
1093:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
986:
985:
975:
970:
964:
963:
960:Configurations
958:
949:
935:
928:
921:
919:
918:
912:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
889:
884:
879:
874:
864:
852:
850:
849:
848:
847:
842:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
801:
790:
788:
787:
781:
772:Other treaties
770:
760:
755:
725:
720:
714:
712:
711:
710:
709:
704:
693:
687:
684:Treaty of Nice
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
648:Euratom Treaty
645:
642:Treaty of Rome
639:
633:
627:
621:
614:
609:
608:
605:
604:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
567:
566:
547:
545:
544:
525:
523:
522:
510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
419:
416:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
337:
324:
311:
298:
285:
272:
259:
246:
233:
220:
207:
194:
181:
168:
155:
142:
140:Czech Republic
129:
116:
103:
90:
77:
63:
62:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9885:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9865:
9863:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9839:
9834:
9830:
9829:
9825:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9777:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9746:Media freedom
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9717:
9716:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9704:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9559:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9502:
9499:
9498:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9491:Energy policy
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9481:Customs Union
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9466:Single market
9464:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9453:
9450:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9392:
9389:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9370:
9369:identity card
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9343:Schengen Area
9341:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9229:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9149:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9137:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9064:Copyright law
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9038:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9006:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8983:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8944:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8921:EIB Institute
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8891:
8879:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8866:
8862:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8827:
8819:
8818:General Court
8816:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8797:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8783:Commissioners
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8744:
8740:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8714:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8599:Member states
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8549:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8507:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8439:
8437:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8414:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8391:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8374:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8359:
8356:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8303:
8299:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8237:
8230:
8225:
8223:
8218:
8216:
8211:
8210:
8207:
8195:
8194:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8183:
8181:
8180:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8151:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8128:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8047:Civil society
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8006:Trier of fact
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7892:Legal opinion
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7872:Court-martial
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7844:Jurisprudence
7841:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7733:Statutory law
7731:
7729:
7728:Socialist law
7726:
7722:
7721:Byzantine law
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7672:Religious law
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7644:Legal systems
7641:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7612:Statutory law
7610:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7442:Statutory law
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7400:Transport law
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7318:Legal fiction
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7248:Financial law
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7207:Corporate law
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7131:Statutory law
7129:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7013:Core subjects
7011:
7007:
7000:
6995:
6993:
6988:
6986:
6981:
6980:
6977:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6616:CHP Directive
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Four freedoms
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6262:Direct effect
6260:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6128:Lisbon Treaty
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6103:Merger Treaty
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:General Court
6053:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6004:
5999:
5997:
5992:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5951:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5895:9780198714927
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5864:
5858:
5854:
5853:
5845:
5843:
5834:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5815:
5813:
5804:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5785:
5777:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5758:
5756:
5747:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5728:
5726:
5717:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5685:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5666:
5658:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5577:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5489:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5470:
5462:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5416:
5409:
5397:. Article 340
5396:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5364:
5357:
5353:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Direct effect
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5287:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5250:Case C-36/02
5247:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5221:Case C-34/95
5217:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5171:Case C-84/94
5168:
5167:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5017:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4977:Case C-63/93
4968:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4934:Case C-60/00
4931:
4930:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4906:Case C-13/05
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4870:Case C-36/02
4867:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4841:SPUC v Grogan
4829:
4826:
4821:
4820:Lisbon Treaty
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4733:General Court
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:Josep Borrell
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:Customs Union
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:ECJ Case 6/64
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Apportionment
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3286:
3275:
3273:
3272:Liechtenstein
3262:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2874:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2802:
2801:Liechtenstein
2791:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2742:
2731:
2729:
2718:
2716:
2705:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2679:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2560:
2549:
2547:
2536:
2534:
2523:
2521:
2510:
2508:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2482:
2471:
2469:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:Schengen Area
2436:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:Swedish krona
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2287:Bulgarian lev
2283:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1958:
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1402:AFSC agencies
1401:
1399:CFSP agencies
1398:
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1377:
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1341:EIB Institute
1340:
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1206:General Court
1204:
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1132:
1129:
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1119:
1116:
1115:Iratxe García
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:Manfred Weber
1102:
1099:
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1088:
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905:
904:
897:
893:
890:
888:
887:Civil Service
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:Von der Leyen
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
846:
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841:
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837:
835:
831:
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694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:Merger Treaty
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
612:
607:
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423:
414:
403:
401:
390:
388:
377:
375:
364:
362:
351:
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338:
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325:
323:
312:
310:
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286:
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273:
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260:
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221:
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208:
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195:
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182:
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169:
167:
156:
154:
143:
141:
130:
128:
117:
115:
104:
102:
91:
89:
78:
76:
65:
64:
59:
58:Member states
54:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
9718:
9540:Space policy
9208:Average wage
9203:Minimum wage
9086:
8830:Central bank
8645:Institutions
8569:Demographics
8452:Enlargements
8435:
8426:
8394:Central bank
8301:Predecessors
8191:
8184:
8170:
8156:
7929:Jurisdiction
7897:Legal remedy
7852:Adjudication
7752:Legal theory
7590:Ratification
7585:Promulgation
7556:Proclamation
7536:Codification
7469:Human rights
7457:Divine right
7447:Constitution
7415:Women in law
7333:Military law
7328:Marriage law
7323:Maritime law
7222:Election law
7162:Aviation law
7152:Abortion law
7104:Property law
7040:Criminal law
6845:Costa v ENEL
6835:Ciarán Tobin
6434:
6354:Subsidiarity
6341:
6277:Gold-plating
6233:
5938:
5931:
5911:
5904:
5877:
5871:
5851:
5821:
5791:
5784:
5764:
5734:
5704:
5672:
5665:
5645:
5638:
5618:
5611:
5591:
5584:
5564:
5557:
5538:
5532:
5523:
5514:
5505:
5496:
5476:
5469:
5449:
5442:
5422:
5415:
5406:
5399:. Retrieved
5389:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5356:
5275:
5270:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5198:
5187:
5186:Case 114-76
5183:
5172:
5165:
5161:
5153:
5137:
5125:
5118:
5114:
5100:
5088:
5081:
5070:
5066:
5054:
5048:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5022:Case 120/86
5014:
5011:
5000:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4946:
4935:
4928:
4924:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4851:Schmidberger
4850:
4846:
4840:
4835:
4817:
4783:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4754:
4728:
4725:subsidiarity
4702:
4691:
4680:
4656:
4630:are general
4627:
4625:
4537:(1958–1993)
4030:
3997:
3877:Agricultural
3800:Subsidiarity
3439:
3377:
3291:
3244:
2911:
2856:
2773:
2378:
2347:Romanian leu
2335:Polish złoty
2311:Danish krone
2299:Czech koruna
2271:
2266:
2247:
2239:
2234:
1986:
1924:
1563:
1518:
1481:
1463:
1385:
1372:
1359:
1346:
1325:
1321:Other bodies
1237:
1222:
1175:
1157:
1072:
959:
944:
929:
922:
853:
821:
791:
771:
756:
721:
636:Spaak Report
548:
526:
420:
18:
9818:Urban areas
9681:Enlargement
9359:Citizenship
9108:LGBT rights
8946:Independent
8761:Euro summit
8677:Secretariat
8654:Legislature
8510:Withdrawals
8101:Legislature
8032:Bureaucracy
7829:Rule of man
7824:Rule of law
7799:Libertarian
7662:Chinese law
7563:Legislation
7513:Regulations
7501:Law reports
7479:Natural law
7375:Reparations
7370:Refugee law
7293:Jurimetrics
7234:(Media law)
7172:Banking law
7167:Amnesty law
7145:Disciplines
7082:Private law
6910:Tanja Kreil
6797:ECJ Rulings
6368:Regulations
6123:Nice Treaty
6098:Rome Treaty
5401:11 November
5274:Case 33/76
5257:Viking Line
5223:De Agostini
5069:Case 99/78
4858:Viking Line
4272:Netherlands
3955:Integration
3899:Citizenship
3681:Netherlands
3154:Netherlands
2912:EEA members
2827:Switzerland
2676:Netherlands
2182:Netherlands
1939:Switzerland
1826:Netherlands
1130:(2019–2024)
1128:9th session
1035:Secretariat
806:(2015–2016)
322:Netherlands
9862:Categories
9793:Directives
9691:Statistics
9513:Healthcare
9252:Eurosphere
9157:Currencies
9128:Withdrawal
9103:Regulation
8908:EIB Group
8853:Eurosystem
8721:Presidency
8682:Committees
8622:Statistics
8292:Since 2004
8094:Law school
7974:Prosecutor
7912:Magistrate
7699:Jewish law
7657:Common law
7578:Rulemaking
7573:Regulation
7523:Law making
7462:Divine law
7438:Legal code
7385:Sports law
7308:Law of war
7258:Health law
7243:Family law
7227:Energy law
7177:Bankruptcy
7114:Punishment
7109:Public law
6964:Law portal
6855:Francovich
6850:Factortame
6472:Directives
6234:Principles
6196:Procedures
6160:Regulation
5348:References
5149:public law
5007:good faith
4965:public law
4669:provided:
4248:Luxembourg
3807:Regulation
3657:Luxembourg
3130:Luxembourg
2650:Luxembourg
2158:Luxembourg
1800:Luxembourg
1411:SRM bodies
1307:Euro coins
1151:Conference
931:Presidency
707:Article 50
484:Montenegro
296:Luxembourg
9741:Languages
9720:Douzelage
9564:relations
9364:passports
9287:Euromyths
9191:Transport
9069:Directive
8897:EU bodies
8843:President
8800:Judiciary
8773:President
8756:President
8743:Executive
8731:Eurogroup
8687:Elections
8667:President
8564:Geography
8552:Geography
8072:Judiciary
8067:Executive
8042:The bench
7979:Solicitor
7954:Barrister
7834:Sociology
7819:Pseudolaw
7759:Anarchist
7716:Roman law
7704:Parsi law
7689:Hindu law
7677:Canon law
7652:Civil law
7605:Concordat
7496:Precedent
7405:Trust law
7380:Space law
7217:Drugs law
7087:Procedure
7025:Civil law
6359:Supremacy
6327:Recasting
6237:and terms
6165:Directive
6026:Judiciary
5133:EC Treaty
5085:conferred
5032:C-177/90
4818:The 2007
4729:Artegodan
4236:Lithuania
3887:Fisheries
3873:Policies
3812:Directive
3645:Lithuania
3329:Elections
3118:Lithuania
2886:(Opt-out)
2637:Lithuania
2248:President
2241:Eurogroup
2146:Lithuania
1787:Lithuania
1453:of the EU
1284:President
1087:President
983:Eurogroup
896:Juhansone
867:President
830:President
702:Article 7
283:Lithuania
9842:Category
9756:Religion
9562:Foreign
9550:VAT Area
9430:Eurozone
9326:Policies
9240:Concepts
9232:Politics
9172:Eurozone
9123:opt-outs
9118:Treaties
9008:Military
8985:Advisory
8969:Agencies
8609:Regions
8267:Founders
8254:Timeline
8179:Category
8121:Tribunal
8106:Military
7949:Attorney
7919:Judgment
7779:Feminist
7694:Jain law
7491:Case law
7212:Cyberlaw
7119:Corporal
7097:Criminal
7067:Evidence
7057:Doctrine
7035:Contract
6177:Decision
6138:Opt-outs
6090:Treaties
5283:See also
4332:Slovenia
4320:Slovakia
4296:Portugal
4068:Bulgaria
3909:Identity
3892:Regional
3817:Decision
3741:Slovenia
3729:Slovakia
3705:Portugal
3477:Bulgaria
3214:Slovenia
3202:Slovakia
3178:Portugal
2949:Bulgaria
2741:Slovenia
2728:Slovakia
2702:Portugal
2481:Bulgaria
2387:Bulgaria
2218:Slovenia
2206:Slovakia
2194:Portugal
1891:Slovenia
1878:Slovakia
1852:Portugal
1605:Bulgaria
1144:Quaestor
990:AGRIFISH
716:Opt-outs
387:Slovenia
374:Slovakia
348:Portugal
101:Bulgaria
26:a series
9833:Outline
9766:Symbols
9707:Culture
9196:TRACECA
9140:Economy
8948:offices
8245:History
8193:Outline
8130:History
8037:The bar
8011:Verdict
7959:Counsel
7939:Justice
7794:History
7617:Statute
7433:Charter
7395:Tax law
7343:Probate
6885:Nordsee
6801:Caselex
6250:EUR-Lex
6043:members
5408:duties.
5109:by the
4971:Clarity
4955:by the
4898:Kadi II
4488:Ireland
4458:History
4308:Romania
4200:Ireland
4188:Hungary
4164:Germany
4140:Finland
4128:Estonia
4116:Denmark
4080:Croatia
4056:Belgium
4044:Austria
3790:Primacy
3717:Romania
3609:Ireland
3597:Hungary
3573:Germany
3549:Finland
3537:Estonia
3525:Denmark
3489:Croatia
3465:Belgium
3453:Austria
3259:Iceland
3190:Romania
3082:Ireland
3070:Hungary
3046:Germany
3022:Finland
3010:Estonia
2998:Denmark
2961:Croatia
2937:Belgium
2925:Austria
2884:Ireland
2788:Iceland
2715:Romania
2598:Hungary
2572:Germany
2546:Finland
2533:Estonia
2520:Denmark
2494:Croatia
2468:Belgium
2455:Austria
2417:Romania
2402:Hungary
2397:Denmark
2392:Czechia
2110:Ireland
2086:Germany
2062:Finland
2050:Estonia
2026:Croatia
2014:Belgium
2002:Austria
1865:Romania
1748:Ireland
1735:Hungary
1709:Germany
1683:Finland
1670:Estonia
1657:Denmark
1618:Croatia
1592:Belgium
1579:Austria
1558:Euratom
1287:Lagarde
1199:Rulings
1189:Members
1111:S&D
1091:Metsola
1080:Members
1059:COREPER
945:Hungary
840:Parties
836:(ALDE)
698:(2007)
520:Ukraine
472:Moldova
460:Georgia
436:Albania
361:Romania
244:Ireland
231:Hungary
205:Germany
179:Finland
166:Estonia
153:Denmark
114:Croatia
88:Belgium
75:Austria
9847:Portal
9152:Budget
9049:Acquis
9010:bodies
8987:bodies
8636:Bodies
8111:Police
8082:Agency
7964:Lawyer
7709:Sharia
7600:Treaty
7595:Repeal
7541:Decree
7452:Custom
7348:Estate
7298:Labour
7062:Equity
6880:Metock
6865:Kolpak
6815:Bosman
6156:Acquis
5946:
5919:
5892:
5859:
5829:
5799:
5772:
5742:
5712:
5680:
5653:
5626:
5599:
5572:
5545:
5484:
5457:
5430:
5155:Fedesa
5138:Prof.
4888:Kadi I
4793:. The
4731:, the
4469:Brexit
4356:Sweden
4284:Poland
4224:Latvia
4176:Greece
4152:France
4092:Cyprus
3882:Energy
3845:Budget
3785:Acquis
3765:Sweden
3693:Poland
3633:Latvia
3585:Greece
3561:France
3501:Cyprus
3292:Topics
3285:Norway
3283:
3270:
3257:
3238:Sweden
3166:Poland
3106:Latvia
3058:Greece
3034:France
2974:Cyprus
2882:
2871:Cyprus
2869:
2825:
2814:Norway
2812:
2799:
2786:
2767:Sweden
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2689:Poland
2687:
2674:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2624:Latvia
2622:
2609:
2596:
2585:Greece
2583:
2570:
2559:France
2557:
2544:
2531:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2453:
2412:Sweden
2407:Poland
2367:ERM II
2134:Latvia
2098:Greece
2074:France
2038:Cyprus
1950:
1937:
1917:Sweden
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1839:Poland
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1785:
1774:Latvia
1772:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1722:Greece
1720:
1707:
1696:France
1694:
1681:
1668:
1655:
1642:
1631:Cyprus
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1134:Bureau
1030:Voting
1000:COMPET
978:ECOFIN
834:Michel
800:(2004)
786:(1992)
780:(1985)
692:(2007)
686:(2001)
680:(1997)
674:(1992)
668:(1986)
662:(1983)
656:(1965)
650:(1957)
644:(1957)
638:(1956)
632:(1951)
626:(1951)
620:(1950)
564:Kosovo
542:Turkey
508:Serbia
413:Sweden
411:
398:
385:
372:
359:
346:
335:Poland
333:
320:
307:
294:
281:
270:Latvia
268:
255:
242:
229:
218:Greece
216:
203:
192:France
190:
177:
164:
151:
138:
127:Cyprus
125:
112:
99:
86:
73:
9780:Lists
8893:Other
8186:Index
8052:Court
7996:Trial
7902:Judge
7743:Yassa
7546:Edict
7092:Civil
7045:Crime
6929:Fraud
6790:Cases
6452:REACH
5261:Laval
5252:Omega
4872:Omega
4865:Laval
4344:Spain
4260:Malta
4212:Italy
3753:Spain
3669:Malta
3621:Italy
3226:Spain
3142:Malta
3094:Italy
2754:Spain
2663:Malta
2611:Italy
2230:Spain
2170:Malta
2122:Italy
1904:Spain
1813:Malta
1761:Italy
1405:ESFS
995:EPSCO
873:(EPP)
400:Spain
309:Malta
257:Italy
9373:list
9177:Euro
8538:2020
8533:2012
8528:1985
8523:1984
8518:1962
8500:2013
8495:2007
8490:2004
8485:1995
8480:1990
8475:1986
8470:1981
8465:1973
8460:1954
8436:2012
8427:2012
7934:Jury
7882:Fiqh
7738:Xeer
7136:Tort
7052:Deed
6830:Chen
6148:Acts
5944:ISBN
5917:ISBN
5890:ISBN
5857:ISBN
5827:ISBN
5797:ISBN
5770:ISBN
5740:ISBN
5710:ISBN
5678:ISBN
5651:ISBN
5624:ISBN
5597:ISBN
5570:ISBN
5543:ISBN
5482:ISBN
5455:ISBN
5428:ISBN
5403:2017
5248:and
5039:Duff
4963:and
4882:Kadi
4861:and
4745:TFEU
4723:and
4626:The
3426:2019
3421:2014
3416:2009
3411:2004
3406:1999
3401:1994
3396:1989
3391:1984
3386:1979
1292:ESCB
1010:ENVI
766:2020
762:1984
751:2011
747:2005
743:2003
739:1994
735:1985
731:1979
727:1972
592:EU 3
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