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German Australians

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imprisoned, but it was only after the war criminals of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were discovered that Germans and Italians were sent to the internment camps. This was especially true for those living in northern Australia, because that was where the enemy was expected to invade. More than 20 percent of Italians in Australia were held in internment camps as well as a total of 7,000 people with connections to the enemy, 1,500 of which who were British nationals. 8,000 people from overseas were detained in Australian camps and in 1942, the camps were at their largest, with a total of 12,000 internees in the country. In addition to British people of German origin, Australian fascists could not escape imprisonment: leading members of the
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the enemy. The camp was opened in August 1915 and at its peak contained as many as 580 men. The internees were held in solitary cells within the prison, with the exception of those with a high social or military rank, who were kept in cabins on the bay. The prisoners were free to swim, fish, and sunbathe on the beach or play tennis in the prison yard on a court they had built themselves. In 1916 they held a theatre performance of the comedy
27: 3027:: "Settler arrivals by birthplace data not available prior to 1959. For the period July 1949 to June 1959, Permanent and Long Term Arrivals by Country of Last Residence have been included as a proxy for this data. When interpreting this data for some countries, in the period immediately after World War II, there were large numbers of displaced persons whose country of last residence was not necessarily the same as their birthplace." 494:– or both. The persecution of German Australians also included the closure of German schools, the banning of the German language in government schools, and the renaming of many German place names. To avoid persecution and/or to demonstrate that they commit themselves to their new home, many German Australians changed their names into Anglicised or Francophone variants. During WWII, Australia was also place of incarceration of 557: 532:. In the 1950s and 1960s, German immigration continued under assisted migration programs promoted by the Australian Government. By July 2000, Germany was the fifth most common birthplace for settler arrivals in Australia after United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy and New Zealand. By 1991, there were 112,000 German-born persons in Australia. 654:(World on Monday), which was published once a week. In memory of the four Germans who died in the camp, the internees built a monument on the hill at Trial Bay. The internees were transferred in 1918 due to fears that German warships would be able to land in the bay. They were moved to the Holsworthy internment camp near Sydney, now 639:
from the warzones in the Pacific, in China and in Southeast Asia, was the Trial Bay Gaol. Among those interned were German and Austrian business people who had been captured on ships, as well as wealthy, high-standing Germans and Austrians living in Australia who were assumed to be sympathising with
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By 1900, Germans were the fourth-largest European ethnic group on the continent, behind the English, Irish and Scots. By 1914, the number of German-Australians (including the descendants of German-born migrants of the second and third generation who had become Australians by birth) was estimated at
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In World War I, the majority of internees were of German heritage. However, in World War II, a large number of Italians and Japanese were also imprisoned. The internees, which included women and children, had come from more than 30 different countries, including Finland, Hungary, Portugal and also
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organisation, there were a total of 7,000 people interned over the course of World War I, including roughly 4,500 Germans and British people of German background who had already been living in Australia for a long time. This meant approximately 4.5% of the German-Australian population were held in
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deported from Britain, composed of many of the Austrian and German nationals who were expelled in a blanket deportation, and numerous Italian citizens. Notorious for the inhumane treatment present during the voyage, the 2,053 anti-Nazis, 451 prisoners of war, and approximately 55 Nazi sympathisers
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The internment camps in WWII were constructed for three reasons: residents could not be allowed to support Australia's enemies, the public needed to be placated, and those who had been captured overseas and transported to Australia had to be housed somewhere. All Japanese people were immediately
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with German ancestry. German Australians constitute one of the largest ancestry groups in Australia, and German is the fifth most identified European ancestry in Australia behind English, Irish, Scottish and Italian. German Australians are one of the largest groups within the global
627:, Western Australia. The camp on Rottnest Island, which operated from the end of 1914 until the end of 1915, housed 989 people in September 1915. Among this group were 841 Australian and Austrian internees, as well as 148 prisoners of war. According to a statement by the 806:. At the 2021 census, 1,026,135 respondents stated that they had German ancestry (whether alone or in combination with another ancestry), representing 4% of the total Australian population. At the 2021 census, there were 101,255 Australian residents who were born in 801:
German Australians constitute one of the largest ancestry groups in Australia, and German is the fifth most identified European ancestry in Australia behind English, Irish, Scottish and Italian. German Australians are one of the largest groups within the global
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Some Australians believed that the prisoners were being treated too well. However, they were under constant surveillance, their post was censored and contact with the outside world (as well as contact with internees from other camps) was not allowed.
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After the war ended, the camps were shut down and most of the occupants were deported, but German immigration was only made legal again in 1925. The German population increased slowly as a result and eventually came to a halt in 1933 with
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the Soviet Union. In addition to the Australian residents who were imprisoned, there were also people of German and Japanese descent who were captured overseas and brought to Australia. These people came from England,
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airs a German-language radio program on SBS Radio 2 every weekday from 7 PM to 8 PM. They also air German broadcaster Deutsche-Welle's Der Tag news program every morning as part of its WorldWatch programming block.
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in their own language and translating texts. Later Samuel Klose joined them. Their work provided the basis for a language revival in the 21st century, after the language was all but extinct.
2935:(1955/6–1985), was run by Thomas Bachmair (1872–1918). Considered an "enlightened" mission, there was a strong emphasis on enculturation and respect for traditional customs and obligations. 862:
In 2001, the German language was spoken at home by 76,400 persons in Australia. German is the eighth most widely spoken language in the country after English, Chinese, Italian,
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in Germany had been vandalised, the internees' monument was destroyed. It was once again constructed in 1960 and now leads the way to the memorial site on the hill.
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Germans have been in Australia since the commencement of European settlement in 1788. At least seventy-three Germans arrived in Australia as convicts.
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People with German ancestry as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2016 census.
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Homeyer, Uta v. (1994). "The Employment of Scientific and Technical Enemy Aliens (Estea) Scheme in Australia: A Reparation for World War II?".
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Historically, German newspapers were set up by early settlers, with many being forced to close or merge due to labour shortages caused by the
525:. A number of German scientists were recruited soon after the War through the ESTEA scheme some of them coming by migrant ships such as the 6390: 416:
emigrated in response to the 1817 Prussian Union and organized churches both among themselves and with other German speakers, such as the
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Lehmann, Hartmut. "South Australian German Lutherans in the second half of the nineteenth century: A case of rejected assimilation?"
463: 3673: 5370: 3644: 837: 428: 91: 3206:, edited by Wilfrid Prest, Kerrie Round and Carol Fort (Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2001). Edited lightly and references updated" 604: 63: 4085:
Tolley, Julie Holbrook. "A social and cultural investigation of women in the wine industry of South Australia" (thesis, 2004)
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Many internees from Western Australia were transported to camps in New South Wales, including the 193 German marines from the
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Seitz, Anne, and Lois Foster. "Dilemmas of immigration—Australian expectations, migrant responses: Germans in Melbourne."
70: 5030: 4631: 4590: 3089: 901: 189: 44: 924: 5000: 4752: 4300: 4158: 3979: 3841: 3329: 3234: 1897: 624: 522: 110: 833:(78,337). German Australians are therefore overrepresented on a per capita basis in Queensland and South Australia. 77: 5128: 4116: 3898: 2902: 1109: 3356: 986:(1851–1862) – Adelaide: this was also the first German language newspaper to publish an entertainment supplement, 3506: 3121: 3005: 2847: 844: 813:
At the 2021 census, states and territories with the largest numbers of residents nominating German ancestry were
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province), and were trying to preserve their traditional faith. They emigrated with the financial assistance of
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during World War I. At the time, they were also described as concentration camps. Old prison buildings in
3378: 3528: 2855: 994: 462:. Many emigrated as a result of those revolutions. In particular, following the ultimate failure of the 6270: 5309: 4777: 4458: 1237: 1083: 982: 588: 378: 1422: 905: 5617: 5314: 4649: 4257: 3598: 3056: 929: 3815: 5887: 4086: 4012: 3950: 3738: 2995: 2980: 976: 767: 647: 573: 361: 4104: 6323: 6306: 6174: 6034: 5810: 5647: 5512: 5507: 5182: 4901: 4463: 1112:(1877 – 1982?): Founded by A. Hermann Kemp (sometimes spelt Kempe) and Wilhelm F. Schwarz of the 1070: 628: 592: 432: 166: 37: 1026:(1870–1874) – Tanunda/Adelaide: a Melbourne edition of the newspaper was also printed 1870–1872. 84: 6049: 6024: 6019: 5934: 5852: 5815: 5679: 5455: 5445: 5405: 5339: 5177: 5169: 4521: 4356: 4343: 3120:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs. October 2001. p. 25. Archived from 2843: 443:
and the Emigration Fund. Not all subsequent arrivals shared this religious motivation, but the
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Also known as: NÎtre Dame du Sacré Coeur (1890-1901), Sacred Heart Mission, Herz Jesu Mission.
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Although a few individuals had emigrated earlier, the first large group of Germans arrived in
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G. Leitner, Australia's Many Voices: Australian English – The National Language, 2004, p. 181
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Germans formed the largest non-English-speaking group in Australia up to the 20th century.
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Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
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Lehmann, Hartmut (1985). "Conflicting Linds of Loyalty: The Political Outlook of the
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using the search term "Dunera". It is also possible to search using passenger names.
6119: 6094: 5837: 5010: 4990: 4968: 4872: 4782: 4767: 4757: 4740: 4695: 4687: 4659: 4563: 4516: 4501: 4435: 4403: 4376: 4371: 4281: 4144: 4031: 3476: 3300: 3168: 2566: 2433: 1460: 875: 775: 615:, South Australia. Smaller and temporary internment camps were also established on 514: 507: 486:
Australians of German ancestry were considered an "enemy within" and a number were
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remained at the centre of the German settlers' lives right into the 20th century.
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One of the largest internment camps for imprisoned officers and soldiers of the
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South Australia on German TV – article about Sophie SchĂŒtt travel documentary
2878: 2623: 2547: 2509: 2414: 2376: 2357: 2338: 2319: 2300: 2281: 2030: 1916: 1878: 1251: 748: 650:. They had their own orchestra and in 1917 created their own newspaper named 413: 3469:"Trial Bay, South West Rocks Detention Barracks 1914–1918 [Germany]" 2838:
There were many German missionaries who emigrated to Australia, established
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Zivil Lager (Internment Camp): World War One Prisoners Of War At Trial Bay
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estimated that there were 15,000 Australian citizens resident in Germany.
5161: 5102: 4550: 3624:"Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021" 2890: 2775: 2718: 2125: 2087: 2011: 1764: 1707: 1498: 1327: 1270: 744: 552:
Group of interned Germans playing zithers and guitars in the Berrima camp
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industry was the creation of German settlers in the nineteenth century.
4906: 4126: 3868: 2932: 1536: 1289: 1190: 1171: 1139: 814: 752: 712: 620: 526: 500: 487: 193: 4843: 4267: 3638:"Estimates of Australian Citizens Living Overseas as at December 2001" 4664: 4197: 2917: 2905:(also known as Finke River), renowned for its artists, with his wife 1209: 1063:(1960–1962) – Adelaide: South Australian edition of the Sydney-based 740: 732: 670: 483: 409:
German settlement in Australia § The Skjold_Group – October 1841
3229:. Australian ethnic heritage series. Melbourne: AE Press. p. . 897:
is active in Australia, there are branches in Melbourne and Sydney.
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Some Personal Stories of German Immigration to Australia since 1945
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There are the following German international schools in Australia:
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German Images in Australian Literature from the 1940s to the 1980s
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The Forgotten Australians: Non-Anglo or Celtic Convicts and Exiles
718:. He was interned until 1942 and later joined the Australian Army. 4983: 4978: 4973: 4940: 4167: 948:
newspapers were printed primarily in German, and these included:
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Interview with Sophie SchĂŒtt about South Australian Documentary
3169:"09/06/1837-16/10/1837: Solway [Hamburg to Nepean Bay]" 2871: 2422:
Politician (Australian Labor Party) and mining company director
466:, a substantial number of Germans immigrated to Australia. See 4105:
The Enemy At Home: German Internees in World War One Australia
3935:. Evangelical History Association of Australia. Archived from 4882: 2920:
missionaries took over the running of the mission station at
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Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
364:, the first German settlement in Australia (now a suburb of 5078: 4945: 728: 544:
Plaque commemorating the internment camp on Torrens Island
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is a term for those who participated in or supported the
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List of Australian place names changed from German names
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Born in Kathmandu, Nepal, to a German-Australian father
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Politician (Premier of New South Wales, later a senator)
1043:(1875–1916) – Tanunda/Adelaide: formed by the merger of 591:, located west of Sydney. There were camps in Berrima; 3036:
Note this period covers 11 years rather than a decade.
517:, Australia received a large influx of ethnic German 3115:"Immigration: Federation to Century's End 1901–2000" 847:
in 2004, German Australians are, by religion, 32.8%
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The Wakefield companion to South Australian history
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Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
758:from England in 1940 and their destination was the 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3529:"Arakoon State Recreation Area Plan of Management" 1943:Television presenter, media personality and dancer 595:; Holsworthy and Trial Bay (all New South Wales); 6377: 3581:The complete passenger list can be retrieved at 3404:"Military Functions – Rottnest Island Authority" 2909:. They were the parents of noted anthropologist 2057:Film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor 1032:(1875–1876) – Adelaide: opposition newspaper to 954:Die Deutsche Post fĂŒr die Australischen Colonien 3224: 3057:"2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats" 1506:Politician (Deputy Prime Minister of Australia) 3929:"Strehlow, Carl Friedrich Theodor (1871–1922)" 1851:Immigrated to Australia from the United States 1097: 580:were initially used as locations for camps in 388:(1850) depicts German settlers with Aborigines 5136: 4804: 4152: 3869:"A web-directory of intercultural encounters" 3109: 3107: 2561:Born in Estonia to ethnically-German parents 944:of the 1850s-1860s. A number of the earliest 859:, 24.8% No Religion and 4.2 Other Religions. 5100: 4272: 4204: 4188: 4181: 3980:"La Grange Mission (Bidyadanga) (1924–1985)" 3317: 1182:Immigrated to Australia from Germany in 1961 5150: 5110:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950) 3866: 3139: 3082:"Welcome to the Department of Home Affairs" 2976:History of the Lutheran Church of Australia 1373:Anglican bishop and social justice activist 1004:(1862–1916) – Tanunda: a supplement to the 751:. The first of these groups arrived on the 658:. After it became known that graves of the 587:The largest internment camp in WWI was the 5143: 5129: 4159: 4145: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3104: 2846:, in some cases helping to preserve their 2751:Born in Chile to ethnically-German father 1126:Rev. Arthur Richter and his wife Elisabeth 405:Klemzig, South Australia § Background 138: 3842:"Bathurst Island Mission 1911-1938-1978)" 3193: 961:: Australia's first non-English newspaper 843:According to census data released by the 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 3899:"Piltawodli Native Location (1838–1845)" 3225:Harmstorf, Ian; Cigler, Michael (1985). 2901:from 1892, and then, from October 1894, 1057:(1927–1929) – Tanunda: attempted revival 838:Australian Department of Foreign Affairs 793: 785: 702: 555: 547: 539: 4690:(including German, Swiss and Austrians) 4684:(including German, Swiss and Austrians) 3926: 3647:data). 14 February 2001. Archived from 3599:"Wartime internment camps in Australia" 3456: 3349:"Wartime internment camps in Australia" 3290: 499:and others departed from Liverpool via 429:British colonisation of South Australia 6378: 4122:German Australian Aliens of Militarism 3555: 3343: 3341: 2833: 1147:Notable Australians of German ancestry 605:Fyshwick, Australian Capital Territory 5124: 4140: 3260: 3258: 2897:(also known as Bethesda) in northern 2893:who served on two Lutheran missions, 2669:Politician (Australian Liberal Party) 1017:(1863–1869) – Tanunda; later renamed 521:who were a significant proportion of 327:Percentage of immigrants from Germany 5366:Caribbean and West Indian Australian 3318:Muenstermann, Ingrid (30 May 2015). 2862:(1807–1893) established and ran the 2177:German (Jewish) mother (daughter of 183:Regions with significant populations 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 6391:Australian people of German descent 3536:NSW Environment, Energy and Science 3338: 2612:Politician (Liberal National Party) 1639:Politician (Australian Labor Party) 1392:Politician (Australian Labor Party) 973:Deutsche Zeitung fĂŒr SĂŒd-Australien 902:South Australian German Association 190:states and territories of Australia 13: 4001: 3255: 925:German International School Sydney 431:. These "Old Lutherans" were from 14: 6402: 4166: 4092: 3896: 3788: 3762: 3434:"Civilian internees in Australia" 2251:First Governor of New South Wales 2171:Actress, singer, and humanitarian 2114:Botanist, geologist and physician 1259:Sexologist and critic of feminism 450: 5191: 4127:German missionaries in Australia 4024:Journal of Intercultural Studies 4009:Journal of Intercultural Studies 3984:German missionaries in Australia 3955:German missionaries in Australia 3903:German Missionaries in Australia 3873:German Missionaries in Australia 3846:German missionaries in Australia 3820:German missionaries in Australia 2903:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory 1772:17th Prime Minister of Australia 1335:Politician (Premier of Victoria) 1110:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory 1002:Australisches Unterhaltungsblatt 904:has held the annual traditional 398: 377: 354: 25: 4072:. University of New South Wales 3972: 3943: 3920: 3890: 3860: 3834: 3808: 3791:"LibGuides: SA Newspapers: A-B" 3782: 3765:"LibGuides: SA Newspapers: C-E" 3756: 3731: 3717: 3692: 3666: 3630: 3616: 3591: 3575: 3549: 3521: 3491: 3426: 3396: 3371: 3311: 3284: 3243: 3218: 3061:Australian Bureau of Statistics 2327:Australian actress and producer 845:Australian Bureau of Statistics 781: 698: 523:Australia's post war immigrants 473: 345: 36:needs additional citations for 3603:National Archives of Australia 3585:National Archives of Australia 3503:National Archives of Australia 3383:National Archives of Australia 3379:"World War I internment camps" 3353:National Archives of Australia 3194:Harmstorf, Ian (5 June 2015). 3187: 3161: 3152: 3074: 3049: 3030: 3018: 2966:German settlement in Australia 1601:Businessman and philanthropist 998:(1860–1874) – Tanunda/Adelaide 535: 1: 4036:10.1080/07256868.1985.9963275 3043: 2860:Christian Gottlob Teichelmann 1965:Raised in Adelaide, Australia 1924:Zoologist and palaeontologist 1049:Australische Deutsche Zeitung 1024:Australische Deutsche Zeitung 1019:Australische Deutsche Zeitung 711:who came to Australia on the 464:"March Revolution" in Germany 6386:German diaspora in Australia 3867:Ganter, Regina (2009–2018). 3700:"Goethe-Institut Australien" 3499:"Trial Bay, New South Wales" 3268:. naa.gov.au. Archived from 2991:Lutheran Church of Australia 1566:Works and lives in Australia 1091:Special Broadcasting Service 988:BlĂ€tter fĂŒr Ernst und Scherz 915: 460:European Revolutions of 1848 7: 5371:Hispanic and Latin American 4591:Alsatians and Lotharingians 3006:Australia–Germany relations 2939: 2745:Prime Minister of Australia 2707:Australian rules footballer 2346:Australian rules footballer 2333:Mother has German ancestry 2308:Australian rules footballer 2289:Australian rules footballer 2133:Australian rules footballer 2038:Australian rules footballer 1677:Australian rules footballer 1449:Australian rules footballer 1098:Missions founded by Germans 676:which had been defeated by 468:Forty-Eighters in Australia 335: 332: 329: 321: 318: 315: 307: 304: 301: 10: 6407: 5468:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 4020:Australischer Christenbote 2213:39th Premier of Queensland 1262:Born in the United Kingdom 1238:Chief Justice of Australia 1132:(1911 – 1978), founded by 983:Adelaider Deutsche Zeitung 881: 589:Holsworthy Internment Camp 402: 386:A Scene in South Australia 275: 6359: 6294: 6108: 5873: 5476: 5348: 5200: 5189: 5168: 5158: 5093: 5039: 4961: 4819: 4630: 4610: 4574: 4494: 4446: 4309: 4233: 4226: 4217: 4174: 4022:, Melbourne, 1867–1910". 3927:Scherer, Paul E. (2004). 3305:10.1080/08109029408629379 1246:German maternal ancestry 930:Deutsche Schule Melbourne 770:were interned, including 611:, Western Australia; and 427:1838, not long after the 228: 223: 208: 203: 187: 182: 151: 146: 137: 5160:Ancestral background of 3951:"Beagle Bay (1890–2000)" 3643:. Southern Cross Group ( 3562:The Dictionary of Sydney 3227:The Germans in Australia 3011: 2996:Temple Society Australia 2981:Immigration to Australia 2856:Clamor Wilhelm SchĂŒrmann 2498:Football (soccer) player 2441:Football (soccer) player 2101:German (Jewish) parents 1045:SĂŒd Australische Zeitung 1015:Tanunda Deutsche Zeitung 1006:SĂŒd Australische Zeitung 995:SĂŒd Australische Zeitung 966:Suedaustralische Zeitung 935: 768:Australia First Movement 648:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing 313:Total immigrant arrivals 5183:Torres Strait Islanders 5152:Ancestry of Australians 4611:Multinational dimension 4062:Tampke, Jurgen (2008). 3556:Tampke, Jurgen (2008). 3438:Australian War Memorial 3324:. Xlibris Corporation. 2805:Immigrated to Australia 2748:Immigrated to Australia 2691:Immigrated to Australia 2634:Immigrated to Australia 2577:Immigrated to Australia 2558:Immigrated to Australia 2444:Immigrated to Australia 2387:Immigrated to Australia 2273:Immigrated to Australia 2254:Served in NSW 1788–1792 2174:Immigrated to Australia 2117:Immigrated to Australia 2079:Immigrated to Australia 2022:Immigrated to Australia 1984:Immigrated to Australia 1927:Immigrated to Australia 1832:Immigrated to Australia 1718:Immigrated to Australia 1642:Immigrated to Australia 1585:Immigrated to Australia 1547:Immigrated to Australia 1423:George Savin De ChanĂ©et 1414:Immigrated to Australia 1281:Immigrated to Australia 1163:Connection to Australia 1130:Bathurst Island Mission 1066:Die Woche in Australien 707:Georg Auer, a Jew from 629:Australian War Memorial 623:, South Australia; and 603:; the Molonglo camp at 568:were maintained by the 479:approximately 100,000. 433:Province of Brandenburg 5178:Aboriginal Australians 5101: 4805: 4532:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4273: 4205: 4189: 4182: 4055:21.3 (1985): 414–430. 3816:"Aurukun (1904–1913))" 3475:. 2016. Archived from 3410:. 2005. Archived from 3202:. "First published in 2844:Aboriginal Australians 2194:Cyclist and politician 2076:Socialist and feminist 1166:Connection to Germany 1080:Neue Australische Post 969:(1850–1851) – Adelaide 836:In December 2001, the 798: 791: 719: 561: 553: 545: 294:July 1959 – June 1970 260: 4132:Deutsch Krone Project 4042:Petersson, Irmtraud. 3986:. Griffith University 3957:. Griffith University 3933:webjournals.ac.edu.au 3848:. Griffith University 3822:. Griffith University 3795:guides.slsa.sa.gov.au 3769:guides.slsa.sa.gov.au 3173:Passengers in History 3145:Donohoe, J.H. (1988) 2961:German New Zealanders 2931:La Grange Mission at 2895:Killalpaninna Mission 2206:Annastacia Palaszczuk 2107:Ferdinand von Mueller 1138:La Grange Mission at 1104:Killalpaninna Mission 1030:Neue Deutsche Zeitung 906:Adelaide SchĂŒtzenfest 797: 789: 706: 559: 551: 543: 418:Kavel-Fritzsche Synod 291:July 1940 – June 1959 288:July 1949 – June 2000 167:Australian population 5031:United Arab Emirates 4339:Transylvanian Saxons 4069:Dictionary of Sydney 4052:Journal of Sociology 3509:on 12 September 2017 3266:"Wartime internment" 2951:European Australians 1962:Actress and producer 1905:Television presenter 1480:Andrew Ettingshausen 1134:Francis Xavier Gsell 1114:Hermannsburg Mission 1055:Australische Zeitung 1040:Australische Zeitung 1034:Australische Zeitung 1010:Australische Zeitung 762:in New South Wales. 637:Imperial German Navy 601:Langwarrin, Victoria 597:Enoggera, Queensland 496:2,542 "enemy aliens" 384:Alexander Schramm's 60:"German Australians" 45:improve this article 5162:Australian citizens 4618:Central and Eastern 4522:Italy (South Tyrol) 4107:(online exhibition) 4101:(online exhibition) 4082:(Germans in Sydney) 4011:2.2 (1981): 24–42. 3907:Griffith University 3877:Griffith University 3739:"Schutzenfest 2021" 3444:on 1 September 2017 3359:on 4 September 2017 2834:German missionaries 2764:Rugby League player 2631:Lutheran missionary 2605:Lawrence Springborg 2403:Rugby league player 2384:Lutheran theologian 1886:Rugby league player 1803:Moritz Heuzenroeder 1525:Rugby League player 1487:Rugby League player 1468:Rugby League player 1404:Wolfgang Degenhardt 1316:Rugby League player 1198:Australian composer 1051:; closed due to WWI 942:Victorian gold rush 760:Hay Internment Camp 656:Holsworthy Barracks 370:George French Angas 134: 6346:South Sea Islander 4763:Pennsylvania Dutch 3479:on 3 February 2017 3127:on 4 December 2010 2922:Beagle Bay Mission 2586:Christian Sprenger 2536:Rugby league coach 2164:Olivia Newton-John 2095:Australian General 1689:Christian Helleman 1575:Gotthard Fritzsche 1236:Judge and retired 1179:Australian senator 799: 792: 720: 643:Minna von Barnhelm 632:internment camps. 562: 554: 546: 506:shortly after the 261:Deutsch-Australier 251:German Australians 210:Australian English 131:Deutsch-Australier 127:German Australians 126: 6373: 6372: 6336:Papua New Guinean 5118: 5117: 5089: 5088: 4626: 4625: 4426:Russian Mennonite 3725:"The German Club" 3473:Auspostal History 3414:on 21 August 2006 3175:. 22 January 2016 2926:Western Australia 2831: 2830: 2824:Born in Australia 2767:Born in Australia 2729:Born in Australia 2710:Born in Australia 2681:Matthias Ungemach 2672:Born in Australia 2653:Born in Australia 2615:Born in Australia 2596:Born in Australia 2539:Born in Australia 2520:Born in Australia 2501:Born in Australia 2482:Born in Australia 2472:Melanie Schlanger 2463:Born in Australia 2453:Jessicah Schipper 2425:Born in Australia 2406:Born in Australia 2368:Born in Australia 2349:Born in Australia 2330:Born in Australia 2311:Born in Australia 2292:Born in Australia 2225:Raimund Pechotsch 2216:Born in Australia 2197:Born in Australia 2155:Born in Australia 2136:Born in Australia 2098:Born in Australia 2060:Born in Australia 2041:Born in Australia 2003:Born in Australia 1974:Ludwig Leichhardt 1946:Born in Australia 1908:Born in Australia 1889:Born in Australia 1870:Born in Australia 1841:Kristina Keneally 1794:Born in Australia 1775:Born in Australia 1756:Born in Australia 1737:Born in Australia 1699:Born in Australia 1680:Born in Australia 1661:Born in Australia 1651:Heinrich Haussler 1623:Born in Australia 1604:Born in Australia 1556:Johannes Fritzsch 1528:Born in Australia 1509:Born in Australia 1490:Born in Australia 1471:Born in Australia 1452:Born in Australia 1395:Born in Australia 1385:Meredith Burgmann 1376:Born in Australia 1357:Born in Australia 1338:Born in Australia 1319:Born in Australia 1300:Born to Australia 1243:Born in Australia 1220:Born in Australia 831:Western Australia 519:displaced persons 441:George Fife Angas 340: 339: 248: 247: 121: 120: 113: 95: 6398: 5195: 5145: 5138: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5106: 5057:Papua New Guinea 4895:KapitaĂŻ and Koba 4861:KapitaĂŻ and Koba 4810: 4688:Los Lagos Region 4670:British Columbia 4278: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4210: 4194: 4185: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4039: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3939:on 6 April 2015. 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3789:Laube, Anthony. 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3763:Laube, Anthony. 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3676:. 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Archived from 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3053: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3022: 2858:(1815–1893) and 2842:and worked with 2840:mission stations 2827:German ancestry 2808:Born in Germany 2789:Born in Germany 2770:German ancestry 2713:German ancestry 2694:Born in Germany 2675:German ancestry 2656:German ancestry 2637:Born in Germany 2618:German ancestry 2599:German ancestry 2580:Born in Germany 2567:Wolfgang Sievers 2542:German ancestry 2523:German ancestry 2504:German ancestry 2485:German ancestry 2466:German ancestry 2447:Born in Germany 2434:Manfred Schaefer 2428:German ancestry 2409:German ancestry 2390:Born in Germany 2371:German ancestry 2352:German ancestry 2314:German ancestry 2295:German ancestry 2276:Born in Germany 2270:Soap opera actor 2238:Born in Germany 2219:German ancestry 2200:German ancestry 2158:German ancestry 2139:German ancestry 2120:Born in Germany 2082:Born in Germany 2063:German ancestry 2044:German ancestry 2025:Born in Germany 2006:German ancestry 1987:Born in Germany 1949:German ancestry 1930:Born in Germany 1911:German ancestry 1892:German ancestry 1867:Badminton Player 1854:German ancestry 1835:Born in Germany 1816:Born in Germany 1797:German ancestry 1778:German ancestry 1759:German ancestry 1740:German ancestry 1721:Born in Germany 1715:Landscape artist 1702:German ancestry 1683:German ancestry 1664:German ancestry 1645:Born in Germany 1626:German ancestry 1607:German ancestry 1588:Born in Germany 1569:Born in Germany 1550:Born in Germany 1531:German ancestry 1512:German ancestry 1493:German ancestry 1474:German ancestry 1461:Scott Drinkwater 1455:German ancestry 1436:Born in Germany 1417:Born in Germany 1398:German ancestry 1379:German ancestry 1360:German ancestry 1354:Soap opera actor 1341:German ancestry 1322:German ancestry 1303:German ancestry 1284:Born in Germany 1217:Australian actor 1204:Born in Germany 1185:Born in Germany 1151: 1150: 1074: 946:South Australian 776:P. R. Stephensen 566:internment camps 515:Second World War 482:Throughout both 381: 358: 280: 279: 258: 192:, in particular 147:Total population 142: 135: 133: 125: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6355: 6290: 6112: 6110: 6104: 5869: 5472: 5344: 5196: 5187: 5164: 5154: 5149: 5119: 5114: 5085: 5035: 4957: 4815: 4682:Los RĂ­os Region 4622: 4606: 4570: 4495:Southern Europe 4490: 4464:North Schleswig 4447:Northern Europe 4442: 4305: 4246:Sudeten Germans 4213: 4170: 4165: 4095: 4075: 4073: 4061: 4046:(P. Lang, 1990) 4017: 4004: 4002:Further reading 3999: 3989: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3960: 3958: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3897:Amery, Robert. 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3727:. 27 July 2021. 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3680:on 7 April 2014 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3654:on 20 July 2008 3651: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3583:RecordSearch | 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3408:Rottnest Island 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3316: 3312: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3125:(pdf, 64 pages) 3124: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3092:on 7 March 2014 3086:www.immi.gov.au 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3001:German diaspora 2971:Goethe-Institut 2942: 2907:Frieda Strehlow 2899:South Australia 2870:, teaching the 2868:Kaurna language 2836: 2783:music professor 2662:Reginald Swartz 2593:Olympic swimmer 2529:Anthony Seibold 2517:Olympic swimmer 2479:Olympic swimmer 2460:Olympic swimmer 2263:Ingo Rademacher 2187:Hubert Opperman 2152:Olympic swimmer 2069:Bertha McNamara 1829:Lutheran pastor 1784:Hermann Homburg 1632:Andre Haermeyer 1620:Olympic cyclist 1582:Lutheran pastor 1366:Ernest Burgmann 1149: 1120:Aurukun Mission 1100: 1068: 938: 918: 895:Goethe-Institut 888:Australian wine 884: 874:, Spanish, and 827:South Australia 819:New South Wales 804:German diaspora 784: 772:Adela Pankhurst 701: 609:Rottnest Island 582:New South Wales 570:Australian Army 538: 476: 453: 445:Lutheran Church 425:South Australia 411: 401: 393: 392: 391: 390: 389: 382: 374: 373: 359: 348: 287: 286:No. of arrivals 278: 270:German diaspora 254: 198:South Australia 170: 160: 129: 128: 124: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6404: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6371: 6370: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6271:South Sudanese 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6116: 6114: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5908:Northern Irish 5905: 5900: 5895: 5885: 5879: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 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2491:Mark Schwarzer 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2257:German father 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2244:Arthur Phillip 2240: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2145:Nadine Neumann 2141: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1993:Darren Lehmann 1989: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1955:Dichen Lachman 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1873:German father 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1860:Verdet Kessler 1856: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1727:Ben Hilfenhaus 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1613:Michael Grenda 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1442:Carl Ditterich 1438: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1347:Dieter Brummer 1343: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1309:Shaun Berrigan 1305: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1265:German father 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1229:Gerard Brennan 1225: 1224: 1223:German mother 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1127: 1117: 1107: 1099: 1096: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1061:Adelaider Post 1058: 1052: 1036: 1027: 1021: 1012: 999: 991: 979: 970: 962: 957:(1848–1850) – 937: 934: 933: 932: 927: 917: 914: 883: 880: 829:(135,225) and 783: 780: 731:, present-day 700: 697: 652:Welt am Montag 613:Torrens Island 578:Trial Bay Gaol 560:Trial Bay Gaol 537: 534: 508:Fall of France 475: 472: 456:Forty-Eighters 452: 451:Forty-Eighters 449: 400: 397: 383: 376: 375: 368:), painted by 360: 353: 352: 351: 350: 349: 347: 344: 338: 337: 334: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 310: 309: 306: 303: 300: 296: 295: 292: 289: 284: 277: 274: 246: 245: 226: 225: 221: 220: 218:Barossa German 206: 205: 201: 200: 185: 184: 180: 179: 155:(by ancestry, 149: 148: 144: 143: 122: 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6403: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6368: 6364: 6361:according to 6358: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6324:New Zealander 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6107: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5618:East Timorese 5616: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315:South African 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5157: 5153: 5146: 5141: 5139: 5134: 5132: 5127: 5126: 5123: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4924:Dar es Salaam 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4809: 4808: 4807:Colonia Tovar 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4758:United States 4756: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4454:Baltic states 4452: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4208: 4207:Volksdeutsche 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4168:German people 4162: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3923: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3744: 3743:Weekend Notes 3740: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3705: 3704:www.goethe.de 3701: 3695: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3625: 3619: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3586: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3333: 3331:9781503503137 3327: 3323: 3322: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3246: 3238: 3236:0-86787-203-9 3232: 3228: 3221: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3155: 3148: 3142: 3123: 3116: 3110: 3108: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3048: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2916:1901: German 2915: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2879:Carl Strehlow 2876: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850:and culture. 2849: 2845: 2841: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2802:Olympic rower 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2688:Olympic rower 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2624:Carl Strehlow 2622: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2548:Gert Sellheim 2546: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2510:Emily Seebohm 2508: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2415:Chris Schacht 2413: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2377:Hermann Sasse 2375: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2358:Geoffrey Rush 2356: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2339:Michael Rolfe 2337: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320:Margot Robbie 2318: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2301:Nick Riewoldt 2299: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2282:Jack Riewoldt 2280: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2031:Stewart Loewe 2029: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1917:Gerard Krefft 1915: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1879:David Klemmer 1877: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1252:Bettina Arndt 1250: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1142:(1955/6–1985) 1141: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1092: 1085: 1082:(1984–1993), 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 989: 985: 984: 980: 978: 974: 971: 968: 967: 963: 960: 956: 955: 951: 950: 949: 947: 943: 931: 928: 926: 923: 922: 921: 913: 911: 910:Brooklyn Park 907: 903: 898: 896: 891: 889: 879: 877: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 805: 796: 788: 779: 777: 773: 769: 763: 761: 757: 756: 750: 749:New Caledonia 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 717: 716: 710: 705: 696: 694: 693:rise to power 690: 684: 682: 681: 675: 674: 667: 663: 661: 660:Allied forces 657: 653: 649: 645: 644: 638: 633: 630: 626: 625:Garden Island 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 558: 550: 542: 533: 531: 530: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 505: 504: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 414:Old Lutherans 410: 406: 399:Old Lutherans 396: 387: 380: 371: 367: 363: 357: 343: 326: 325: 312: 311: 298: 297: 293: 290: 285: 282: 281: 273: 271: 266: 262: 257: 252: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 199: 195: 191: 186: 181: 177: 173: 168: 164: 158: 154: 150: 145: 141: 136: 132: 115: 112: 104: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 62: â€“  61: 57: 56:Find sources: 50: 46: 40: 39: 34:This article 32: 28: 23: 22: 19: 6113:North Africa 5989: 5888:Anglo-Celtic 5441:Puerto Rican 5046: 4902:South Africa 4275:Walddeutsche 4074:. 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