History of Ireland (1801–1923)

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the majority language in the country and numerically (given the rise in population) may have had more speakers than ever before. The Famine devastated the Irish speaking areas of the country, which tended also to be rural and poor. As well as causing the deaths of thousands of Irish speakers, the famine also led to sustained and widespread emigration from the Irish-speaking south and west of the country. By 1900, for the first time in perhaps two millennia, Irish was no longer the majority language in Ireland, and continued to decline in importance. By the time of Irish independence, the

1184: 1742: 2682: 1441: 1336: 117: 986: 3544: 3520: 2515: 5661: 891: 2293: 5945: 4043: 1071: 537: 2444: 1933: 1540: 703: 1824:, but neither became law. Gladstone, says his biographer, "totally rejected the widespread English view that the Irish had no taste for justice, common sense, moderation or national prosperity and looked only to perpetual strife and dissension." The problem for Gladstone was his rural supporters in England would not support home rule for Ireland. A large faction of Liberals, led by 2540:) being enacted primarily in the interest of Ulster Unionists. The Act granted (separate) Home Rule to two new institutions, the northeasternmost six counties of Ulster and the remaining twenty-six counties, both territories within the United Kingdom, which partitioned Ireland accordingly into two semi-autonomous regions: 1452:(the word originates in Ireland in this period), where unpopular landlords were ostracised by the local community. Grassroots Land League members used violence against landlords and their property; attempted evictions of tenant farmers regularly turned into armed confrontations. Under the British Prime Minister 2380:

Faced with an impending split between its monarchists and Republicans, a compromise was brokered at the 1917 Ard Fheis (party conference) whereby the party would campaign to create a republic, then let the people decide if they wanted a monarchy or republic, subject to the proviso that if they wanted

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The economic problems of most Irish people were in part the result of the small size of their landholdings and a large increase in the population in the years before the famine. In particular, both the law and social tradition provided for subdivision of land, with all sons inheriting equal shares in

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in Great Britain, who were the backbone of the pro-Home Rule Liberal Party, forced its leader W. E. Gladstone to abandon support for the Irish cause as long as Parnell remained leader of the IPP. Inside Ireland, the Catholic Church turned against him. Parnell fought for control but lost. He died in

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went into steep decline. This process was started in the 1830s, when the first National Schools were set up in the country. These had the advantage of encouraging literacy, but classes were provided only in English and the speaking of Irish was prohibited. However, before the 1840s, Irish was still

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from its provisions. However, the combination of postponement of Home Rule and the involvement of Ireland with Great Britain in the war ("England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity" as an old Republican saying went) provoked some on the radical fringes of Irish nationalism to resort to physical

1918:

but again defeated in the House of Lords (as with the bill of 1893). During the following two years in which the bill was delayed, debates in the Commons were largely dominated by questions surrounding Home Rule and Ulster Unionists' determined resistance to it. By 1914 the situation had escalated

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As the century went on, the UK Parliament and Cabinet took over from the monarch as the legislative and executive branches of government, respectively. For this reason, in Ireland, the Chief Secretary became more important than the Lord Lieutenant, who became of more symbolic than real importance.

2499:(RIC) records later revealed the targeted Protestants unionists to have been non-collaborative and very tight-lipped. The IRA also burned historic stately homes in retaliation for the government policy of destroying the homes of Republicans, suspected or actual. This clash came to be known as the 1843:

and nationalists would discriminate against them and would impose tariffs on trade with Great Britain. (Whilst most of Ireland was primarily agricultural, north-east Ulster was the location of almost all the island's heavy industry and would have been affected by any tariff barriers imposed by a

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Until 1918, the Irish Parliamentary Party, which sought independent self-government for the whole of Ireland through the principles of parliamentary constitutionalism, remained the dominant Irish party. But from the early 20th century, a radical fringe among Home Rulers became associated with

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Emigration was not uncommon in Ireland in the years preceding the Famine. Between 1815 and 1845, Ireland had already established itself as the major supplier of overseas labour to Great Britain and North America. However, emigration reached a peak during the famine, particularly in the years

1371:, who were holding her children as hostages, marking the effective end of the revolt. Although intermittent resistance continued until late 1849, O'Brien and his colleagues were quickly arrested. Originally sentenced to death, this sentence was later commuted to transportation to 2248:

and the Middle East. Between 35,000 and 50,000 Irishmen (in all armies) are believed to have died in the War. Each side believed that, after the war, Great Britain would favour their respective goals of remaining fully part of the United Kingdom or becoming a self-governing

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in 1803. The Acts of Union, which constitutionally made Ireland part of the British state, can largely be seen as an attempt to redress some of the grievances behind the 1798 rising and to prevent it from destabilising Britain or providing a base for foreign invasion.

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a farm, meaning that farms became so small that only one crop, potatoes, could be grown in sufficient amounts to feed a family. Furthermore, many estates, from whom the small farmers rented, were poorly run by absentee landlords and in many cases heavily mortgaged.

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made worse by demand for funds for railways and food imports. The crisis prevented the expending of the loan if the pound was to remain convertible to gold and government funding was slashed in 1847 and the costs of relief transferred to local taxes in Ireland.

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In the wake of the famine, many thousands of Irish peasant farmers and labourers either died or left the country. Those who remained waged a long campaign for better rights for tenant farmers and ultimately for land re-distribution. This period, known as the

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which put the control and running of rural affairs into local hands. However, it did not end support for independent Irish nationalism, as British Governments had hoped. After Independence, Irish governments from 1923 completed a final land settlement under

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and local authorities openly called for the execution of Pearse and the Rising's leadership. However, the government's handling of the aftermath, and the execution of rebels and others in stages, ultimately led to widespread public sympathy for the rebels.

1792:(IPP) as it became known, into a major political force. It came to dominate Irish politics, to the exclusion of the previous Liberal, Conservative and Unionist parties that had existed there. The party's growing electoral strength was first shown in the 2072:

saw a bitter strike (by dockers organized by Larkin) in 1907 in which 10,000 workers went on strike and the police mutinied – a rare instance of non-sectarian mobilization in Ulster. In Dublin, there was an even more vicious dispute – the

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the government, although it had already received large numbers of volunteer soldiers from Ireland, intended to impose conscription on the island linked with implementing Home Rule. An infuriated public turned against Britain during the

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O'Connell's tactics were largely peaceful, using mass rallies to show the popular support for his campaign. While O'Connell failed to gain repeal of the Union, his efforts led to reforms in matters such as local government and the

1410:, had been composed of Protestant settlers, originally from England, who had a British identity. The Irish (Roman Catholic) population widely believed that the land had been unjustly taken from their ancestors and given to this 1229:

economic policy it has been claimed, which maintained that further state intervention would have the whole country dependent on hand-outs, and that what was needed was for economic viability to be encouraged. The government of

1114:. As Prime Minister he used his considerable political power and influence to steer the enabling legislation through the UK Parliament. He then persuaded King George IV to sign the Act into law under threat of resignation. The 93: 2384:

Throughout 1917 and 1918, Sinn Féin and the Irish Parliamentary Party fought a bitter electoral battle; each won some by-elections and lost others. The scales were finally tipped in Sinn Féin's favor when as a result of the

2491:. Both sides engaged in brutal acts; the Black and Tans deliberately burned entire towns and tortured civilians. The IRA killed many civilians it believed to be aiding or giving information to the British (particularly in 2589:

was to be established to work out the final details of the border. In December 1925 the three governments agreed to keep the existing border, and in return, the Irish Free State's treaty liability to pay its share of the

2310:, the Volunteer commander, countermanded orders to units to begin the insurrection. Nevertheless, at Easter 1916, a small band of 1500 republican rebels (Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army) staged a rebellion, called the " 1811:

Parnell's movement also campaigned for the right of Ireland to govern herself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O'Connell who had wanted a complete repeal of the Act of Union. Two home rule bills (in

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of land since the start of the 19th century had also exacerbated the problem, and the extensive grazing of cattle had contributed to the decrease in size in the plots of land available to tenants to raise their crops.

1149:. Elsewhere, tensions between the rapidly growing rural population on one side and their landlords and the state on the other gave rise to much agrarian violence and social unrest. Secret peasant societies such as the 2084:

whereas those in Ulster affiliated themselves to British unions. Mainstream Irish nationalists were deeply opposed to social radicalism but socialist and labor activists found some sympathy among more extreme

2575:. This was more than what was initially offered to Parnell, and somewhat more than had been achieved under the Irish Parliamentary Party's constitutional 'step by step' towards full freedom approach. 2123:

Since early 1914, Ireland seemed to be on the brink of civil war between rival private armies, the Nationalist and Unionist Volunteer groups, over the proposed introduction of Home Rule for Ireland.

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1846–1855. The famine also saw increased emigration to Canada and assisted passages to Australia. Because of ongoing political tensions between the US and the UK, the resulting large and influential

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Collection of pamphlets relating to 19th-century Irish social history, particularly the themes of education, health, famine, poverty, business, and communications. A UCD Digital Library Collection.

1910:

lost its power to veto legislation and could only delay a bill for two years. In 1912, with the Irish Parliamentary Party at its zenith, a new third Home Rule Bill was introduced by Prime Minister

92: 5861: 2536:. This largely followed Unionist MP recommendations, since Dáil MPs boycotting Westminster had no say or input. These deliberations resulted in a new Fourth Home Rule Act (known as the 1855:

split the Irish party, when it became public that Parnell, popularly acclaimed as the 'Uncrowned King of Ireland', had for many years been living in a family relationship with Mrs.

94: 2322:. The Rising was put down after a week's fighting. Initially, their acts were widely condemned by nationalists, who had suffered severe losses in the war as their sons fought at 2189:". The Act was suspended for the duration of the war, expected to last only a year. In order to ensure the implementation of Home Rule after the war, nationalist leaders and the 2348:, then a small monarchist political party with little popular support for the rebellion, even though in reality it had not been involved. Nonetheless, Rising survivors, notably 5628: 551: 2077:– in which over 20,000 workers were fired for belonging to Larkin's Union. Three people died in the rioting that accompanied the lock-out and many more were injured. 330: 4479: 2037:

Although nationalism dominated Irish politics, social and economic issues were far from absent and came to the fore in the first two decades of the 20th century.

1499:. These acts created a very large class of small property owners in the Irish countryside, and dissipated the power of the old Anglo-Irish landed class. The 1908 5576: 4499: 1406:" in Ireland, had a nationalist as well as a social element. The reason for this was that the land-owning class in Ireland, since the period of the 17th century 2142:", with over 470,000 signatories pledging to resist Home Rule. This movement then formed the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in January 1913. In April 1914 30,000 1137:

Despite O'Connell's peaceful methods, there was also a good deal of sporadic violence and rural unrest in the country in the first half of the 19th century. In

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were very successful in attracting members, most of their activists were English speakers and the movement did not halt the decline of the Irish language.

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of the 1840s which started a population decline that continued for almost a century. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a vigorous campaign for

5581: 3825: 1118:, allowed British and Irish Catholics to sit in the Parliament. Daniel O'Connell became the first Catholic MP to be seated since 1689. As head of the 5856: 4592: 2253:

within the union with the United Kingdom. Before the war ended, Britain made two concerted efforts to implement Home Rule, one in May 1916 after the

3612: 5818: 2673:. The civil war cost more lives than the Anglo-Irish War that preceded it and left divisions that are still felt strongly in Irish politics today. 2005: 1612: 3630:

Collection of 19th-century pamphlets, predominantly of Irish interest and covering a broad spectrum of subjects. A UCD Digital Library Collection.

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and its variants. Blurring linguistic structures from older forms of English (notably Elizabethan English) and the Irish language, it is known as

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returning from imprisonment in Great Britain, joined the party in great numbers, radicalized its programme and took control of its leadership.

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showed it would be difficult to use the British Army to coerce Ulster into home rule from Dublin. In response, Irish nationalists created the

5994: 4658: 1896: 1984: 1591: 5798: 5610: 1301:) was founded as a secret society dedicated to armed rebellion against the British. A related organisation formed in New York was known as 1157:

used sabotage and violence to intimidate landlords into better treatment of their tenants. The most sustained outbreak of violence was the

919: 5763: 1433:, were prominent among the leadership of this movement. When they saw its potential for popular mobilisation, nationalist leaders such as 1246:

to England and elsewhere. Public works schemes were set up but proved inadequate, and the situation became catastrophic when epidemics of

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In the background, Britain remained committed to implementing self-government for Ireland in accordance with the (temporarily suspended)

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became assistant secretary to the Treasury, and largely responsible for the British Government's response to the famine in Ireland. When

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Unemployment was high in Ireland and worker's pay and conditions were often very poor. In response to this, socialist activists such as

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came into being in 1921. The institutions of Southern Ireland, however, were boycotted by nationalists and so never became functional.

1991: 1828:, formed a Unionist faction that supported the Conservative party. The Liberals were out of power and home rule proposals languished. 1670:

in the late 19th century, hoping to revive the Irish language and Irish literature and sports. While social organizations such as the

1598: 4545: 4423: 3800: 3795: 1491:, enabling tenant farmers purchase their plots of land from their landlords, the problems of non-existent rural housing resolved by 5866: 5823: 5793: 5443: 4079: 1023:

In this period, the administration of Ireland consisted of authorities appointed by the central British government. These were the

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into militancy on both sides, first unionists then nationalists arming and drilling openly, bringing about a Home Rule crisis.

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against British rule in 1848. This coincided with the worst years of the famine and was contained by British military action.

5989: 5740: 5591: 4622: 3754: 2912: 2670: 5999: 5778: 5493: 4876: 4762: 3453: 2591: 2359:, had campaigned for a form of government championed first by O'Connell, namely that Ireland would become independent as a 1884: 5745: 2949:

Kinealy, Christine. A Death-Dealing Famine: the Great Hunger in Ireland. Page 304. Pluto Press, London and Chicago, 1997;

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Unrest and agitation also resulted in the successful introduction of agricultural co-operatives through the initiative of

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In July 1921, a cease-fire was agreed and negotiations between delegations of the Irish and British sides produced the

2271: 1212: 1079: 810: 748: 743: 738: 299: 5938: 5851: 4453: 4172: 3790: 3749: 3182: 3151: 2861: 2377:, modeled his ideas on the manner in which Hungary had forced Austria to create a dual monarchy linking both states. 2024: 1631: 1360: 1330: 867: 733: 2665:

De Valera led his supporters out of the Dáil and, after a lapse of six months in which the IRA also split, a bloody

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For three years, from 1919 to 1921, acting largely on its own authority and independently of the Dáil assembly, the

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Part of the Union's attraction for many Irish Catholics and Dissenters was the promised abolition of the remaining

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After one failed attempt, the passage of the act in the Irish parliament was finally achieved, albeit, as with the

912: 728: 607: 442: 2459:. It had been in use by the independence movement since its introduction in the middle of the 19th century by the 2261:

the Irish sides (Nationalist, Unionist) were unable to agree on terms for the temporary or permanent exclusion of

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hit the island in 1845, much of the rural population was left without food. At this time, the then Prime Minister

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and the other leaders of the Land League were temporarily imprisoned – being held responsible for the violence.

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Because of divisions among the Volunteer leadership, only a small part of their numbers was mobilized. Indeed,

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to severe economic downturns and a series of famines, the last threatening in 1879. The worst of these was the

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A New History of Ireland. Vol. 8: A Chronology of Irish History to 1976: A Companion to Irish History, Part 1.

1768:, who resisted fiercely any dilution of the Act of Union. In the 1870s a former Conservative barrister turned 1496: 4866: 4575: 4489: 3901: 2699: 1860: 877: 1191:

Ireland underwent major highs and lows economically during the 19th century; from economic booms during the

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de Valera stated in a speech n Killarney in March 1922, that if the Treaty was accepted by the electorate,

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Morgan, V.; Macafee, W. (1984). "Irish Population in the Pre-Famine Period: Evidence from County Antrim".

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who belonged to the main British political parties. The Conservatives, for example, won a majority in the

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took hold. About £2,000,000 was donated all over the world by charities and private donors, including the

5690: 4861: 4234: 2714: 2406: 2391: 2373: 2331: 2241: 2081: 1675: 1476: 1279: 1032: 1028: 963: 905: 872: 814: 683: 5923: 5566: 5205: 4871: 4565: 4023: 3714: 3654: 3452: 2637: 2327: 1805: 1418: 1024: 626:. While legislation enabling Irish Home Rule was eventually passed, militant and armed opposition from 217: 2971: 2413:

refused to sit in the British House of Commons. Instead on 21 January 1919 twenty-seven assembled as '

123: 5273: 5129: 4849: 4663: 4585: 4570: 4555: 4403: 4338: 4300: 4290: 4280: 4140: 3896: 3580: 2704: 2586: 2500: 2438: 2190: 1869: 1817: 1813: 1789: 758: 647: 5291: 3485: 5518: 4648: 4262: 2743: 2633: 2496: 2274:, particularly Irish-American republicanism. It was from the former Irish Volunteer ranks that the 1943: 1888: 1736: 1550: 1364: 1166: 1161:

of the 1830s, over the obligation of the mostly Catholic peasantry to pay tithes to the Protestant

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in 1904, the Irish Party subsequently held the balance of power in the House of Commons after the

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Irish history between the Acts of Union of 1800 and the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922

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blocked emancipation, believing that to grant it would break his coronation oath to defend the

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between republican separatists and British Government forces. Subsequent negotiations between

5896: 5268: 5239: 4772: 3937: 3875: 3870: 3840: 3815: 3647: 2468: 2418: 2410: 2399: 2233: 2229: 2198: 2163: 1865: 1522: 1411: 1083: 1039:

After the abolition of the Irish Parliament, Irish Members of Parliament were elected to the

959: 937: 658:, which resulted in five-sixths of the island seceding from the United Kingdom, becoming the 623: 3547: 3523: 2511:

that they could never expect safeguards from an all-Ireland Sinn Féin government in Dublin.

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Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850.

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between pro- and anti-treaty sides followed, only coming to an end in 1923 accompanied by

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it accepted the partition of the island and failed to create a fully independent republic.

8: 5916: 5891: 5758: 5513: 5415: 5311: 5199: 5044: 4734: 4724: 4634: 4310: 4167: 4148: 4102: 4008: 4003: 3947: 3927: 3759: 2651:

it had abolished the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916, established under the First Dáil,

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However, the labor movement was split into nationalist lines. Southern unions formed the

1903: 1876: 1856: 1832: 1765: 1698: 1460:

was first introduced – a form of martial law – to contain the violence. Parnell, Davitt,

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attempted to raise a loan of £8 million and intended a further loan but this provoked a

5906: 5901: 5540: 5473: 5468: 5395: 5378: 5296: 4983: 4978: 4911: 4540: 4408: 4358: 4295: 4270: 4266: 4184: 4128: 3363: 2930: 2832: 2724: 2694: 2564: 2549: 2529: 2488: 2090: 1845: 1836: 1825: 1753: 1651: 1645: 1461: 1457: 1306: 1196: 1146: 1119: 1013: 1005: 971: 933: 786: 692: 655: 619: 517: 398: 357: 2644: 2349: 1702: 946:. Prisoners were still being deported to Australia and sporadic violence continued in 5881: 5876: 5808: 5571: 5501: 5221: 5083: 4948: 4854: 4804: 4719: 4580: 4494: 3967: 3952: 3699: 3639: 3353: 3221: 3178: 3147: 3123: 2950: 2918: 2908: 2867: 2857: 2778: 2719: 2681: 2568: 2472: 2336: 2167: 2131: 2127: 1769: 1500: 1453: 1162: 967: 639: 478: 212: 84: 5077: 4814: 3407: 3245: 2166:(IRA) – to seek to ensure the passing of Home Rule, arming themselves following the 1804:). Parnell's movement proved to be a broad one, from conservative landowners to the 1654:

underwent a massive change in the course of the 19th century. After the Famine, the

1440: 996:" was added to the earlier Union Flag of Great Britain and counterchanged with the " 5430: 5410: 5231: 5186: 4560: 4241: 4223: 4110: 3957: 3307: 2824: 2582: 2578: 2541: 2508: 2409:, Sinn Féin won 73 out of 105 seats, 25 of which were uncontested. Sinn Féin's new 2258: 2222: 2181:

to establish self-government for Ireland, condemned by the dissident nationalists'

2159: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2114: 2102: 1777: 1732: 1352: 1235: 1199:(1845–1851), in which about one million people died and another million emigrated. 1123: 1074:"Daniel O'Connell: The Champion of Liberty" poster published in Pennsylvania, 1847. 997: 805: 667: 659: 582: 544: 530: 411: 173: 3421:

Companion to Irish History, 1603–1921: From the Submission of Tyrone to Partition.

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bitterly disagreed with the National Volunteers serving with the Irish Divisions.

1800:

it had won 86 seats (including one in the heavily Irish-populated English city of

1335: 634:, opposed it. Proclamation was shelved for the duration following the outbreak of 618:. Ireland underwent considerable difficulties in the 19th century, especially the 5886: 5530: 5458: 5453: 5283: 5161: 5088: 4729: 4413: 4388: 3860: 3335:

Ireland: Land of Troubles: A History from the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.

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Famine, land, and politics : British government and Irish society, 1843-1850

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narrowly passed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December 1921. Under the leadership of

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from 1801 to 1922. For almost all of this period, the island was governed by the

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The Politics of Irish Literature: from Thomas Davis to W.B. Yeats, Malcolm Brown

2414: 2371:, reigned separately in both Austria and Hungary. Indeed, Griffith in his book, 1752:

Until the 1870s, most Irish people elected as their Members of Parliament (MPs)

1421:, was formed to defend the interests of tenant farmers, at first demanding the " 1367:, leader of the Confederates, failed to capture a party of police barricaded in 1263: 5830: 5665: 5561: 5400: 5388: 5166: 4229: 4213: 4163: 3962: 3932: 3775: 3729: 3218:

The Making of Modern Irish History: Revisionism and the Revisionist Controversy

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created, financed and encouraged the Irish independence movement. In 1858, the

1287: 1267: 947: 895: 800: 776: 577: 473: 344: 179: 47: 2922: 2609: 2049:. It also possessed one of the world's biggest "red light districts" known as 5963: 5770: 5722: 5706: 5216: 5049: 4923: 4398: 4383: 4018: 4013: 3998: 3473:

A New History of Ireland. Vol. 6: Ireland under the Union. Part 2: 1870–1921.

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broke out in Belfast in 1886, as the first Home Rule Bill was being debated.

1671: 1492: 1347:, Terence MacManus, and Patrick O'Donoghue receiving their sentence of death. 1310: 1225: 1216: 1055: 985: 371: 190: 2871: 2456: 2422: 1859:, the long-separated wife of a fellow MP. When the scandal broke, religious 1016:, with the mass bribery of members of both houses, who were awarded British 942:

Ireland opened the 19th century still reeling from the after-effects of the

5717: 5370: 5306: 5301: 5211: 5194: 5019: 4958: 4448: 4433: 3922: 3052: 3027: 2902: 2567:. Under the treaty, southern and western Ireland was to be given a form of 2553: 2476: 2209:. The UVF and a majority of the Irish Volunteers who split off to form the 2093:

to defend strikers from the police in 1913. In 1916 it participated in the

2057: 2053:(after its focal point, Montgomery Street, on the north side of the city). 2041:

was a city marked by extremes of poverty and wealth, being home to several

1880: 1376: 1302: 1141:, there were repeated outbreaks of sectarian violence, such as the riot at 970:

which, from 1 January 1801, abolished the Irish legislature and merged the

951: 237: 3633: 3530:

The Great Shame and the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World

3367: 2514: 2394:. The Irish Parliamentary Party demonstratively withdrew its MPs from the 2345: 2042: 1709:. Some nationalists saw the celebration of Hiberno-Irish by predominantly 1031:

appointed by the British Prime Minister. Almost equally important was the

651: 5783: 5507: 5420: 5119: 5063: 5024: 4285: 3845: 3724: 3627: 3341: 2851: 2065: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1091: 1059: 837: 654:, the major Irish party, and the UK government led to the signing of the 635: 1796:, when it won 63 seats (two MPs later defected to the Liberals). By the 1483:, which first gave extensive rights to tenant farmers, then the Wyndham 5601: 5124: 5034: 4998: 4988: 4794: 3942: 3188:"IRA men will have to march over the dead bodies of their own brothers. 2836: 2656:

Oath of Allegiance (to the Irish Free State) and Fidelity (to the King)

1892: 1773: 1694: 1204: 1087: 989: 276: 184: 5245: 3466:

A New History of Ireland. Vol. 5: Ireland under the Union, I, 1801–70.

2620:, it set about establishing the Irish Free State via the transitional 2363:

with Great Britain, under a shared king. Such a system operated under

2292: 1503:

Town Housing Act then advanced the building of urban council housing.

1309:. While the Fenians had a considerable presence in rural Ireland, the 1082:

then in force (which discriminated against them), and the granting of

1070: 5633: 5354: 5138: 4993: 4968: 4943: 4368: 3719: 3704: 1879:

founded in 1898 forced the reunification of the party to stand under

1840: 1801: 1660: 1255: 1187:

Starvation during the Famine-Bridget O'Donnell and two children, 1849

1169:(RIC) was set up to police rural areas in response to this violence. 1158: 1154: 1150: 5319: 5039: 2828: 1932: 1539: 5545: 5478: 5143: 5029: 4973: 4378: 4028: 2581:

was given the right, immediately availed of, to opt out of the new

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a king, they could not choose someone from Britain's Royal Family.

1510:, but the most positive changes came after the introduction of the 1422: 1403: 1393: 1388: 1318: 1290: 1103: 1051: 288: 2443: 1681:

The form of English established in Ireland differed somewhat from

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church. A campaign under the Irish Catholic lawyer and politician

5463: 5448: 5347: 5134: 5114: 4088: 4057: 2532:. The British Cabinet drew up a committee to deal with this, the 2492: 2069: 1449: 1340: 1298: 1259: 1251: 1247: 1017: 595: 232: 159: 5675: 3302:

Hachey, Thomas E., Joseph M. Hernon Jr., Lawrence J. McCaffrey;

2884:

Gray, P. (1995). Ideology and the Famine. In C. Póirtéir (ed.),

2628:

and a new police force, the Civic Guard (quickly renamed as the

1110:, was at the peak of his enormous prestige as the victor of the 5333: 5326: 5171: 5104: 4963: 3555: 3535: 3287:

Vivid Faces: The Revolutionary Generation in Ireland, 1890–1923

2572: 2262: 2126:

Already in April 1912, 100,000 unionists, led by the barrister

2038: 1138: 631: 611: 147: 2429:

and attempted to establish a unilateral system of government.

1902:

The last obstacle to achieving Home Rule was removed with the

1425:" – Fair rent, Free sale and Fixity of tenure. Members of the 1106:. Arthur Wellesley, the Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman and 5383: 4953: 3565:

William Smith O'Brien and the Young Ireland Rebellion of 1848

2624:. The pro-Treaty IRA became part of a fully re-organised new 2147: 2050: 1467:

Ultimately, the land question was settled through successive

1313:

launched in 1867 was a fiasco. Moreover, wider support for

3504:

The Fenians in Context Irish Politics & Society 1848–82

1864:

1891. But the Party and the country remained split between

1839:

mobilized the opposition, warning that a Dublin parliament

3079:, by Michael Doheny, M.H. Gill &Sons, LTD 1951, Pg 182 2904:

The Great Famine in Ireland and Britain's financial crisis

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people in the US, former slaves in the Caribbean, Sultan

3266:

The Longman Handbook of Modern Irish History since 1800.

1784:

and in particular a radical young Protestant landowner,

1282:'s initiatives led to a problem becoming a catastrophe. 4500:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

2425:(a revolutionary Irish parliament). They proclaimed an 2045:

and possessing some of the worst slums anywhere in the

1776:, established a new moderate nationalist movement, the 1305:, which several times organised raids into the British 990:

Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

3669: 3376:

A History of Ireland, 1800–1922: Theatres of Disorder?

2768:

Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition p.28.

1663:

had shrunk to small areas along the western seaboard.

3412:

Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; and Byrne, F. J., eds.

2632:), replacing one of Ireland's two police forces, the 1831:

Home Rule divided Ireland: a significant minority of

1448:

The most effective tactic of the Land League was the

1122:, O'Connell mounted an unsuccessful campaign for the 1062:

establishment until its removal from Dublin in 1922.

1000:" to represent the inclusion of Ireland in the Union. 4230:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

3390:

Women in Ireland, 1800–1918: A Documentary History.

1835:(largely based in Ulster) were opposed. The revived 1689:

and was strongly associated with early 20th century

3228:

From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, 1534–1660

2771: 2162:, part of which later became the forerunner of the 1351:Some members of the Repeal Association, called the 3577:Paddy's Lament Ireland 1846–1847 Prelude to Hatred 2643:However a strong Republican minority group led by 2471:(IRA), the army of the Irish Republic, engaged in 2344:The government and the Irish media wrongly blamed 1102:led to renewed agitation for the abolition of the 4593:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 3634:19th Century Social History Pamphlets Collection. 3573:, T. A. Jackson, Lawrence & Wishart Ltd 1976. 2886:The Great Irish Famine: the Thomas Davis Lectures 2240:suffered crippling losses in the trenches on the 2150:, with the authorities blockaded by the UVF (see 1529: 1242:Despite Ireland producing a net surplus of food, 878:History of the Irish language 5961: 5862:Mathematics, science, technology and engineering 2994:"Irish Famine sparked international fundraising" 2177:broke out, the UK Parliament finally passed the 1705:, and had resonances in the English of Dubliner 1666:In reaction to this, Irish nationalists began a 5439:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 3595:, Thomas, P. O'Neill, Golden Publications 2003. 3455:A letter to the Right Hon. Chichester Fortescue 3397:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 3235:The Cambridge Companion to Modern Irish Culture 2676: 3460:(4 ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 2622:Provisional Government of the Irish Free State 2134:to resist Home Rule. September saw Carson and 1397:Irish Land League poster dating from the 1880s 1126:and the restoration of Irish self-government. 1035:, who headed up the civil service in Ireland. 950:. There was another abortive rebellion led by 5691: 4073: 3655: 3316:(Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2004.) 240 pp. 3009: 3007: 2968:"Multitext – Private Responses to the Famine" 2814: 2736: 913: 3607:, Mike Cronin, Palgrave Publishers Ltd. 2002 3601:, T. Ryle Dwyer, Mercier Press, Ireland 1990 3190:They will have to wade through Irish blood." 3163:Commons statement, 3 December 1925 (Hansard) 3090:The Modernisation of Irish Society 1848–1918 2680: 2146:rifles with 3,000,000 rounds were landed at 1914:, passing its first reading in the Imperial 1820:) were introduced by Liberal Prime Minister 1414:during the English conquest of the country. 1324: 5836:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 4202:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 3494:, Dennis Gwynn, Cork University Press 1949. 3428:Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939. 2640:, merged some years later with the Gardaí. 2257:and again during 1917–1918, but during the 2213:joined in their thousands their respective 1961:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1851:In 1889, the scandal surrounding Parnell's 1568:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1471:by the United Kingdom – beginning with the 980:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 138:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 39: 5698: 5684: 5625:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 4080: 4066: 3662: 3648: 3280:The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. 3252:Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. 3177:, p.71, Gill and Macmillan Dublin (1988), 3004: 2935:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2447:The tricolour was adopted as the national 920: 906: 115: 3500:, Dennis Gwynn, Hutchinson & Co, Ltd. 3321:A Dictionary of Irish History since 1800. 2355:Until 1917, Sinn Féin, under its founder 2025:Learn how and when to remove this message 1632:Learn how and when to remove this message 5444:Association football in Northern Ireland 3599:Michael Collins, The Man Who Won The War 3552:interview with Keneally, January 9, 2000 2647:opposed the treaty on the grounds that: 2513: 2442: 2291: 1788:, turned the home rule movement, or the 1764:. A significant minority also voted for 1740: 1439: 1392: 1334: 1211:In the new Whig government (from 1846), 1182: 1069: 1065: 984: 4640:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 3506:, R. V. Comerford, Wolfhound Press 1998 3447: 3304:The Irish Experience: A Concise History 3254:Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 1084 pp. 3233:Cleary, Joe, and Claire Connolly, eds. 3211:The Princeton History of Modern Ireland 3209:Bourke, Richard, and Ian McBride, eds. 3204:Ireland and the Irish: A Short History. 3175:GREEN against GREEN The Irish Civil War 3122:. Blackstaff Press. pp. 402, 405. 2730: 1723:was marked by rioting at performances. 1278:. However the inadequate nature of the 616:Dublin Castle administration in Ireland 437:84,421 km (32,595 sq mi) 14: 5962: 3907:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848 3567:, Robert Sloan, Four Courts Press 2000 3340: 3312:Hayes, Alan and Urquhart, Diane, eds. 3114: 2654:it imposed the controversial Dominion 2432: 2278:organized an armed rebellion in 1916. 1872:, who fought each other in elections. 1487:won by William O'Brien after the 1902 1473:Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) Act 1870 1444:Irish settlement in Britain as of 1851 1383:Land agitation and agrarian resurgence 1058:" – remained largely dominated by the 1041:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 5679: 4909: 4699: 4520: 4126: 4061: 3755:List of memorials to the Great Famine 3643: 3589:, Thomas Keneally, Anchor Books 1999. 3295:Fry, Peter and Fry, Fiona Somerset. 3242:The Oxford Companion to Irish History 1726: 670:remaining within the United Kingdom. 5995:Modern history of the United Kingdom 3498:Daniel O'Connell The Irish Liberator 3479: 3144:Sovereignty and partition, 1912–1949 2900: 2896: 2894: 2849: 1959:adding citations to reliable sources 1926: 1566:adding citations to reliable sources 1533: 1317:, in the face of harsh laws against 1145:, between Catholics and the nascent 1027:, who represented the King, and the 2108: 1974:"History of Ireland" 1801–1923 1922: 1581:"History of Ireland" 1801–1923 1512:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 1172: 24: 4669:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 4444:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 4242:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 4087: 3671:Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845–1852 3528:interview with Thomas Keneally on 3406:Allen & Unwin, 1983. 330 pp. 3319:Hickey, D. J. and Doherty, J. E. 3213:(Princeton University Press, 2016) 3196: 2710:History of the Republic of Ireland 2064:began to organize Trade Unions on 25: 6016: 5705: 4454:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 3750:National Famine Commemoration Day 3628:19th Century Pamphlet Collection. 3621: 3442:Ireland: An Illustrated History. 3437:Cambridge U. Press, 1983. 272 pp. 3337:Holmes & Meier, 1982. 224 pp. 3323:Barnes & Noble, 1980. 615 pp. 3264:Fleming, N. C. and O'Day, Alan. 3216:Boyce, D. George and Alan O’day. 2891: 1748:, the "uncrowned King of Ireland" 1331:Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848 1048:British Administration in Ireland 5944: 5943: 5659: 4623:Tallest buildings and structures 4042: 4041: 3542: 3518: 3346:Ireland and the Federal Solution 3206:Columbia U. Press, 1982. 301 pp. 2907:. Woodbridge. pp. 131–228. 2856:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 2281: 2197:with the British war effort and 1931: 1798:1885 general election in Ireland 1794:1880 general election in Ireland 1762:1859 general election in Ireland 1720:The Playboy of the Western World 1538: 1485:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 889: 702: 673: 549: 535: 510: 90: 64: 3350:McGill–Queen's University Press 3167: 3156: 3146:, p.32, Edco Publishing (2004) 3136: 3108: 3095: 3082: 3070: 3045: 3020: 2986: 2960: 2524:during the War of Independence. 2334:. Major newspapers such as the 2296:The flag of the Irish Republic, 2221:. A significant section of the 2173:In September 1914, just as the 1887:. After a brief attempt by the 1339:Trial of the Irish patriots at 5975:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 5845:Economy, society and knowledge 4459:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 3892:Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 3710:Chronology of the Great Famine 3690:History of Ireland (1801–1923) 3475:Oxford U. Press, 1996. 957 pp. 3468:Oxford U. Press, 1990. 839 pp. 3444:Oxford U. Press, 1981. 267 pp. 3430:Oxford U. Press, 1994. 536 pp. 3282:Oxford U. Press, 1989. 382 pp. 2943: 2878: 2843: 2808: 2795: 2762: 2725:Great Irish Famine (1845–1849) 2658:on Irish parliamentarians, and 2558:Parliament of Northern Ireland 2538:Government of Ireland Act 1920 2407:December 1918 general election 2298:flown over the GPO during the 2179:Government of Ireland Act 1914 1530:Culture and the Gaelic revival 1497:Labourers (Ireland) Act (1906) 1272:Victoria of the United Kingdom 1116:Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 642:had been eclipsed by militant 13: 1: 4521: 3902:Irish Poor Law Extension Acts 3416:Oxford U. Press, 1982. 591 pp 3261:2d ed. Methuen, 1981. 286 pp. 2700:History of the United Kingdom 2507:. It reinforced the fears of 2205:against the expansion of the 2089:. James Connolly founded the 1321:, was minimal in the period. 638:. By 1918, however, moderate 5990:History of Ireland by period 5857:Economy, industry, and trade 5524:Northern Ireland flags issue 4700: 4475:List of conflicts in Ireland 4219:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 3392:Cork U. Press, 1995. 356 pp. 3053:"Embassy of Ireland, Canada" 2888:(pp. 86-103). Mercier Press. 2803:Ireland: History of a Nation 2677:Population changes 1801–1921 2597: 2276:Irish Republican Brotherhood 2099:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1427:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1295:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1020:and other "encouragements". 193:(until the mid-19th century) 187:(until the mid-19th century) 7: 6000:Former countries in Ireland 4910: 4495:Gaelic clothing and fashion 4127: 3488:, Allen & Unwin, 1973. 3435:A Short History of Ireland. 3423:Facts on File, 1991. 256 pp 2817:The Economic History Review 2715:History of Northern Ireland 2688: 2392:Conscription Crisis of 1918 2374:The Resurrection of Hungary 2082:Irish Trades Union Congress 1717:" caricature. Synge's play 1676:Gaelic Athletic Association 1477:Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 1033:Under Secretary for Ireland 1029:Chief Secretary for Ireland 964:Parliament of Great Britain 72:Flag of the Lord Lieutenant 10: 6021: 4024:Irish National Land League 3745:Legacy of the Great Famine 3715:British Relief Association 3433:Ranelagh, John O'Beirne. 3259:An Atlas of Irish History. 3015:Irish Emigration 1801–1921 2638:Dublin Metropolitan Police 2601: 2436: 2421:in Dublin and established 2367:, where the same monarch, 2285: 2112: 1730: 1643: 1419:Irish National Land League 1386: 1328: 1176: 1124:repeal of the Act of Union 1025:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 931: 176:(official, administrative) 5934: 5844: 5819:The Marquess of Salisbury 5731: 5713: 5655: 5554: 5492: 5429: 5369: 5282: 5230: 5185: 5152: 5097: 5062: 5012: 4931: 4922: 4918: 4905: 4840: 4743: 4712: 4708: 4695: 4605: 4533: 4529: 4516: 4467: 4255: 4139: 4135: 4122: 4098: 4037: 3976: 3915: 3897:Temporary Relief Act 1847 3884: 3768: 3740:Encumbered Estates' Court 3677: 3541: 3517: 3512: 3273:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 3250:Donnelly, James S., ed. 2705:Timeline of Irish history 2587:Irish Boundary Commission 2439:Irish War of Independence 2191:Irish Parliamentary Party 1790:Irish Parliamentary Party 1325:Young Irelander Rebellion 795:Great Britain and Ireland 759:Timeline of Irish history 668:six northeastern counties 565: 489: 466: 462: 452: 448: 441: 433: 426: 422: 408: 395: 385:Government of Ireland Act 381: 368: 354: 350: 340: 336: 324: 314:• 1801–1805 (first) 312: 308: 298: 294: 282: 272:• 1801–1820 (first) 270: 266: 256: 243: 231: 205: 166: 153: 143: 132: 114: 77: 61: 56: 34: 3685:Irish Famine (1740–1741) 3299:Routledge, 1989. 366 pp. 2634:Royal Irish Constabulary 2497:Royal Irish Constabulary 2193:under Redmond supported 1889:Irish Reform Association 1737:Irish Home Rule Movement 1297:(IRB, also known as the 1167:Royal Irish Constabulary 1108:First Duke of Wellington 976:Kingdom of Great Britain 284:• 1910–1922 (last) 5985:20th century in Ireland 5980:19th century in Ireland 5814:William Ewart Gladstone 5804:The Viscount Palmerston 5616:Prostitution (Republic) 3994:European Potato Failure 3831:Marquess of Clanricarde 3796:Marquess of Londonderry 3735:Young Ireland rebellion 3257:Edwards, Ruth Dudley. 3202:Bottigheimer, Karl S. 2571:status, modeled on the 2520:Third Tipperary Brigade 2455:was established by the 2387:German spring offensive 2195:Ireland's participation 2119:Ireland and World War I 1786:Charles Stewart Parnell 1746:Charles Stewart Parnell 1693:and Irish writers like 1481:William Ewart Gladstone 1435:Charles Stewart Parnell 1369:Widow McCormack's house 1244:most of it was exported 944:Irish Rebellion of 1798 251:constitutional monarchy 124:Encyclopædia Britannica 121:Map of Ireland in 1911 85:God Save the King/Queen 5779:The Viscount Melbourne 5733:Politics and diplomacy 4485:List of Irish kingdoms 3989:Highland Potato Famine 3984:National Famine Museum 3492:Young Ireland and 1848 3314:Irish Women's History. 3103:Gladstone: A Biography 2901:Read, Charles (2022). 2685: 2525: 2464: 2328:Landing at Cape Helles 2303: 2272:militant republicanism 2238:36th (Ulster) Division 2183:All-for-Ireland League 2075:Dublin Lockout of 1913 1841:dominated by Catholics 1749: 1713:writers as offensive " 1445: 1408:Plantations of Ireland 1398: 1359:and tried to launch a 1348: 1345:Thomas Francis Meagher 1276:Alexander II of Russia 1188: 1179:Great Famine (Ireland) 1075: 1001: 40: 5592:Mass media (Republic) 5536:National coat of arms 4424:IRA Northern Campaign 3938:Robert Dudley Edwards 3876:William Henry Gregory 3871:Matthew James Higgins 3841:Christopher St George 3826:Marquess of Lansdowne 3816:Nassau William Senior 3617:Quinnipiac University 3471:Vaughan, W. E., ed. 3464:Vaughan, W. E., ed. 3395:McCormack, W. J. ed. 3378:(Anthem Press, 2014). 3297:A History of Ireland. 3240:Connolly, S. J. ed. 3032:Irish Famine Memorial 2684: 2517: 2469:Irish Republican Army 2446: 2295: 2234:16th (Irish) Division 2230:10th (Irish) Division 2164:Irish Republican Army 1897:1910 general election 1885:1900 general election 1744: 1523:Irish Land Commission 1443: 1437:also became involved. 1412:Protestant Ascendancy 1396: 1365:William Smith O'Brien 1338: 1186: 1084:Catholic Emancipation 1073: 1066:Catholic Emancipation 994:Saint Patrick's cross 988: 938:Catholic Emancipation 873:Economic history 868:British monarchs 646:separatism. In 1919, 167:Common languages 5824:The Earl of Rosebery 5799:The Earl of Aberdeen 5514:County coats of arms 5406:List of Irish people 4480:List of Irish tribes 4330:Cromwellian conquest 4316:Plantation of Ulster 4247:Ireland (since 1922) 3851:Lionel de Rothschild 3605:A History of Ireland 3173:Hopkinson, Michael: 3013:Fitzpatrick, David. 2850:Gray, Peter (1999). 2731:Notes and references 1955:improve this section 1844:Dublin parliament.) 1562:improve this section 1517:Free State Land Acts 1375:, where they joined 1223:adhered to a strict 1100:Catholic Association 998:Saint Andrew's cross 858:Gaelic monarchs 771:Peoples and polities 6005:Late Modern Ireland 5867:Society and culture 5629:in Northern Ireland 5620:in Northern Ireland 5361:Legendary creatures 5274:Traditional singing 5110:Saint Patrick's Day 4745:Republic of Ireland 4674:Tourist attractions 4659:ROI–UK border 4644:of Northern Ireland 4597:in Northern Ireland 4429:IRA Border Campaign 4404:War of Independence 4374:Second Great Famine 4359:Act of Union (1800) 4311:Flight of the Earls 4168:Lordship of Ireland 4103:Republic of Ireland 4009:Theories of famines 4004:Economic liberalism 3928:Cecil Woodham-Smith 3856:Stephen Spring Rice 3821:Viscount Palmerston 3306:M. E. Sharpe, 1996 3278:Foster, R. F., ed. 3120:A History of Ulster 2671:multiple executions 2548:, coordinated by a 2501:War of Independence 2483:units known as the 2481:paramilitary police 2433:War of Independence 2314:" in Dublin, under 2211:National Volunteers 1904:Parliament Act 1911 1877:United Irish League 1853:divorce proceedings 1780:. After his death, 1699:George Bernard Shaw 1357:Irish Confederation 1315:Irish republicanism 811:Republic of Ireland 782:Lordship of Ireland 664:Republic of Ireland 573:Republic of Ireland 326:• 1922 (last) 18:Ireland (1801–1922) 5666:Ireland portal 4984:Skirts and kidneys 4490:List of High Kings 4409:Anglo-Irish Treaty 4349:First Great Famine 4334:Settlement of 1652 4306:Tyrone's Rebellion 4296:Desmond Rebellions 4185:Kingdom of Ireland 3801:Marquess Conyngham 3593:James Fintan Lalor 3419:Newman, Peter R. 3328:Ireland: 1798–1998 2801:David Ross (2002) 2695:History of Ireland 2686: 2636:. The second, the 2573:Dominion of Canada 2565:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2550:Council of Ireland 2530:Home Rule Act 1914 2526: 2489:Auxiliary Division 2465: 2451:in 1919, when the 2304: 2091:Irish Citizen Army 1826:Joseph Chamberlain 1750: 1727:Home Rule movement 1652:Culture of Ireland 1646:Conradh na Gaeilge 1458:Irish Coercion Act 1446: 1399: 1349: 1307:Province of Canada 1280:British Government 1274:, and future Tsar 1197:Great Irish Famine 1189: 1120:Repeal Association 1076: 1006:1707 Acts of Union 1002: 992:, 1801–1922. The " 972:Kingdom of Ireland 934:Acts of Union 1800 896:Ireland portal 787:Kingdom of Ireland 656:Anglo-Irish Treaty 630:, particularly in 518:Kingdom of Ireland 399:Anglo-Irish Treaty 157:Dublin (1801–1901) 5957: 5956: 5809:Benjamin Disraeli 5794:The Earl of Derby 5789:Lord John Russell 5673: 5672: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5058: 5057: 4949:Bacon and cabbage 4901: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4768:Foreign relations 4691: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4618:Notable buildings 4512: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4055: 4054: 3968:Christine Kinealy 3953:Diarmaid Ferriter 3836:Charles Trevelyan 3811:Robert Gore-Booth 3760:1879 Irish Famine 3700:Absentee landlord 3561: 3560: 3532:, January 2, 2000 3440:Ranelagh, John. 3426:ÓGráda, Cormac. 3383:Ireland 1912–1985 3226:Canny, Nicholas. 3077:The Felon's Track 2914:978-1-80010-627-7 2748:Britannica Online 2744:"Irish Rebellion" 2720:Act of Union 1800 2473:guerrilla warfare 2369:Emperor Charles I 2337:Irish Independent 2168:Howth gun-running 2132:Ulster Volunteers 2128:Sir Edward Carson 2087:Irish Republicans 2035: 2034: 2027: 2009: 1822:William Gladstone 1642: 1641: 1634: 1616: 1454:Benjamin Disraeli 1373:Van Diemen's Land 1232:Lord John Russell 1221:Lord John Russell 1213:Charles Trevelyan 1163:Church of Ireland 930: 929: 793:United Kingdom of 666:), with only the 640:Irish nationalism 593: 592: 561: 560: 557: 556: 523: 522: 360:came into effect 107: 16:(Redirected from 6012: 5947: 5946: 5775:Prime ministers 5700: 5693: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5341:Tuatha Dé Danann 4929: 4928: 4920: 4919: 4907: 4906: 4842:Northern Ireland 4820: 4810: 4800: 4710: 4709: 4697: 4696: 4531: 4530: 4518: 4517: 4394:Home Rule crisis 4224:Northern Ireland 4137: 4136: 4124: 4123: 4111:Northern Ireland 4082: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4045: 4044: 3866:Paweł Strzelecki 3786:Viscount Halifax 3664: 3657: 3650: 3641: 3640: 3581:Thomas Gallagher 3546: 3545: 3522: 3521: 3510: 3509: 3461: 3459: 3374:Larkin, Hilary. 3371: 3333:Johnson, Paul. 3326:Jackson, Alvin. 3191: 3171: 3165: 3160: 3154: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3116:Bardon, Jonathan 3112: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2970:. Archived from 2964: 2958: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2934: 2926: 2898: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2812: 2806: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2783:. Bookrags. 2008 2780:Daniel O'Connell 2775: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2740: 2583:Irish Free State 2579:Northern Ireland 2546:Southern Ireland 2542:Northern Ireland 2509:Ulster Unionists 2461:Young Irelanders 2396:House of Commons 2259:Irish Convention 2223:Irish Volunteers 2219:New British Army 2160:Irish Volunteers 2156:Curragh Incident 2152:Larne gunrunning 2115:Home Rule Crisis 2109:Home Rule crisis 2103:Irish Volunteers 2101:and part of the 2030: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2008: 1967: 1935: 1927: 1923:Labour conflicts 1916:House of Commons 1870:anti-Parnellites 1857:Katharine O'Shea 1778:Home Rule League 1733:Home Rule League 1637: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1574: 1542: 1534: 1495:under the Bryce 1353:Young Irelanders 1236:financial crisis 1173:The Great Famine 1096:Daniel O'Connell 1086:. However, King 1043:in Westminster. 960:Irish Parliament 922: 915: 908: 894: 893: 892: 815:Northern Ireland 806:Irish Free State 706: 696: 678: 677: 660:Irish Free State 583:Northern Ireland 553: 552: 545:Northern Ireland 539: 538: 531:Irish Free State 527: 526: 514: 513: 507: 506: 491: 490: 412:Irish Free State 345:Imperial Britain 127:eleventh edition 119: 109: 108: 68: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6009: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5930: 5840: 5784:Sir Robert Peel 5727: 5723:Edwardian era → 5709: 5704: 5674: 5669: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5611:outside Ireland 5582:Historic houses 5550: 5531:Irish Wolfhound 5502:Brighid's Cross 5488: 5459:Gaelic handball 5454:Gaelic football 5425: 5396:Hiberno-Normans 5365: 5278: 5226: 5181: 5162:Hiberno-English 5148: 5093: 5054: 5008: 4914: 4893: 4836: 4818: 4808: 4798: 4739: 4730:Ulster loyalism 4704: 4683: 4601: 4525: 4504: 4463: 4389:Dublin lock-out 4325:Confederate War 4276:Norman invasion 4263:Battles of Tara 4251: 4207:1801–1923 4195:1691–1800 4190:1536–1691 4178:1169–1536 4131: 4118: 4094: 4086: 4056: 4051: 4033: 3972: 3911: 3880: 3861:John Abel Smith 3764: 3673: 3668: 3624: 3587:The Great Shame 3583:, Poolbeg 1994. 3571:Ireland Her Own 3543: 3519: 3513:External videos 3482: 3480:Further reading 3388:Luddy, Maria. 3360: 3199: 3197:Further reading 3194: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3157: 3142:Collins, M.E., 3141: 3137: 3130: 3113: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3087: 3083: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3012: 3005: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2974:on 6 April 2013 2966: 2965: 2961: 2948: 2944: 2928: 2927: 2915: 2899: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2864: 2848: 2844: 2829:10.2307/2596880 2813: 2809: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2691: 2679: 2645:Éamon de Valera 2614:Michael Collins 2606: 2604:Irish Civil War 2600: 2523: 2505:Anglo-Irish War 2449:flag of Ireland 2441: 2435: 2417:' (TDs) in the 2365:Austria-Hungary 2357:Arthur Griffith 2350:Éamon de Valera 2297: 2290: 2284: 2215:Irish regiments 2175:First World War 2140:Ulster Covenant 2121: 2113:Main articles: 2111: 2031: 2020: 2014: 2011: 1968: 1966: 1952: 1936: 1925: 1866:pro-Parnellites 1861:non-conformists 1846:Intense rioting 1739: 1731:Main articles: 1729: 1687:Hiberno-English 1683:British English 1648: 1638: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1575: 1573: 1559: 1543: 1532: 1508:Horace Plunkett 1489:Land Conference 1469:Irish Land Acts 1462:William O'Brien 1391: 1385: 1333: 1327: 1193:Napoleonic Wars 1181: 1175: 1112:Napoleonic Wars 1068: 966:each passed an 940: 932:Main articles: 926: 890: 888: 883: 882: 828: 820: 819: 797: 794: 772: 764: 763: 714: 694: 687: 676: 628:Irish unionists 624:Irish Home Rule 589: 550: 536: 511: 485: 481: 455: 418:6 December 1922 415: 404:6 December 1921 401: 388: 374: 361: 331:Edmund FitzAlan 327: 315: 300:Lord Lieutenant 285: 273: 227: 223:Presbyterianism 201: 158: 136:Country of the 128: 110: 91: 88: 82: 73: 70: 69: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6018: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5941: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5831:Queen Victoria 5828: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5748: 5746:British empire 5743: 5737: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5718:← Georgian era 5714: 5711: 5710: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5680: 5671: 5670: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5622: 5613: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5577:Heritage Sites 5574: 5569: 5564: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5401:Irish diaspora 5398: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5389:Gaelic Ireland 5381: 5375: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5288: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5191: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5132: 5130:Rose of Tralee 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5068: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4939:List of dishes 4935: 4933: 4926: 4916: 4915: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4855:D'Hondt method 4846: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4816:Seanad Éireann 4812: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 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4182: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4173:800–1169 4164:Gaelic Ireland 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4133: 4132: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4108: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4070: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3963:Tim Pat Coogan 3960: 3955: 3950: 3948:Cormac Ó Gráda 3945: 3940: 3935: 3933:F. S. L. Lyons 3930: 3925: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3776:Queen Victoria 3772: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3730:Irish diaspora 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3623: 3622:External links 3620: 3609: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3574: 3568: 3559: 3558: 3539: 3538: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3408:online edition 3402:Mokyr, Joel. 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3358: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3310: 3308:online edition 3300: 3293: 3285:Foster, R. F. 3283: 3276: 3271:Foster, R. F. 3269: 3262: 3255: 3248: 3246:online edition 3238: 3231: 3230:(Dublin, 1987) 3224: 3222:online edition 3214: 3207: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3166: 3155: 3135: 3128: 3107: 3094: 3081: 3069: 3057:www.ireland.ie 3044: 3019: 3003: 3000:. 10 May 2010. 2985: 2959: 2942: 2913: 2890: 2877: 2862: 2842: 2823:(2): 182–196. 2807: 2794: 2770: 2761: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2678: 2675: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2652: 2630:Garda Síochána 2618:W. T. Cosgrave 2602:Main article: 2599: 2596: 2592:UK public debt 2534:Long Committee 2485:Black and Tans 2453:Irish Republic 2437:Main article: 2434: 2431: 2427:Irish Republic 2320:James Connolly 2316:Padraig Pearse 2286:Main article: 2283: 2280: 2251:United Ireland 2207:Central Powers 2203:Triple Entente 2187:partition deal 2138:organize the " 2110: 2107: 2097:alongside the 2062:James Connolly 2047:British Empire 2043:tenement areas 2033: 2032: 1939: 1937: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1908:House of Lords 1728: 1725: 1691:Celtic Revival 1668:Gaelic revival 1656:Irish language 1644:Main article: 1640: 1639: 1546: 1544: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1431:Michael Davitt 1387:Main article: 1384: 1381: 1329:Main article: 1326: 1323: 1288:Irish American 1268:Ottoman Empire 1177:Main article: 1174: 1171: 1067: 1064: 978:to create the 948:County Wicklow 928: 927: 925: 924: 917: 910: 902: 899: 898: 885: 884: 881: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 826: 825: 822: 821: 818: 817: 808: 803: 801:Irish Republic 798: 791: 789: 784: 779: 777:Gaelic Ireland 773: 770: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 715: 712: 711: 708: 707: 699: 698: 689: 688: 681: 675: 672: 604:United Kingdom 591: 590: 588: 587: 586: 585: 578:United Kingdom 575: 569: 567: 563: 562: 559: 558: 555: 554: 547: 541: 540: 533: 524: 521: 520: 515: 503: 502: 497: 487: 486: 484: 483: 476: 474:Pound sterling 470: 468: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 439: 438: 435: 431: 430: 424: 423: 420: 419: 416: 409: 406: 405: 402: 396: 393: 392: 389: 382: 379: 378: 375: 369: 366: 365: 364:1 January 1801 362: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 342: 341:Historical era 338: 337: 334: 333: 328: 325: 322: 321: 316: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 296: 295: 292: 291: 286: 283: 280: 279: 274: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 249:Division of a 247: 241: 240: 235: 229: 228: 226: 225: 220: 218:Roman Catholic 215: 209: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 194: 188: 182: 177: 170: 168: 164: 163: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 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2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2522:Flying Column 2521: 2516: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2419:Mansion House 2416: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361:dual monarchy 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2332:Western Front 2330:, and on the 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:Easter Rising 2309: 2308:Eoin MacNeill 2301: 2300:Easter Rising 2294: 2289: 2288:Easter Rising 2282:Easter Rising 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2255:Easter Rising 2252: 2247: 2243: 2242:Western Front 2239: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2185:party as a " 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095:Easter Rising 2092: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2029: 2026: 2018: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1976: – 1975: 1971: 1970:Find sources: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1940:This section 1938: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1912:H. H. Asquith 1909: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1891:to introduce 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:Conservatives 1755: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1672:Gaelic League 1669: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1636: 1633: 1625: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: – 1582: 1578: 1577:Find sources: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1547:This section 1545: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:D. D. Sheehan 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1442: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1390: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1355:, formed the 1354: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Fenian Rising 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1226:laissez-faire 1222: 1218: 1217:potato blight 1214: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1185: 1180: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1072: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1056:Dublin Castle 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 953: 949: 945: 939: 935: 923: 918: 916: 911: 909: 904: 903: 901: 900: 897: 887: 886: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 824: 823: 816: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 796: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 774: 768: 767: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 710: 709: 705: 701: 700: 697: 691: 690: 685: 680: 679: 674:Acts of Union 671: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:war broke out 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608:UK Parliament 605: 601: 597: 584: 581: 580: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 568: 566:Today part of 564: 548: 546: 543: 542: 534: 532: 529: 528: 525: 519: 516: 509: 508: 505: 504: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 488: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 451: 447: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 407: 403: 400: 394: 390: 386: 380: 377:29 April 1916 376: 373: 372:Easter Rising 367: 363: 359: 358:Acts of Union 353: 349: 346: 343: 339: 335: 332: 329: 323: 320: 317: 311: 307: 303: 301: 297: 293: 290: 287: 281: 278: 275: 269: 265: 261: 259: 255: 252: 248: 246: 242: 239: 236: 234: 230: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 208: 204: 198: 195: 192: 189: 186: 183: 181: 178: 175: 172: 171: 169: 165: 161: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 126: 125: 118: 113: 86: 80: 76: 67: 60: 55: 49: 42: 33: 30: 19: 5939:Bibliography 5852:Demographics 5753: 5750:By location 5741:British Army 5657: 5627: / 5618: / 5609: / 5587:Homelessness 5506: 5474:Road bowling 5469:Martial arts 5416:Ulster Scots 5353: 5346: 5339: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5297:Mythological 5244: 5204: 5177:Ulster Scots 5137: / 5076: 5004:Three-in-One 4815: 4806:Dáil Éireann 4805: 4795: 4753:Constitution 4642: / 4613:Architecture 4595: / 4468:Other topics 4449:Celtic Tiger 4434:The Troubles 4332: / 4323: / 4269: / 4265: / 4206: 4166: / 4154:Protohistory 3923:John Mitchel 3806:Lord Farnham 3781:Earl Russell 3689: 3616: 3613:An Gorta Mor 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3549: 3548:Part Two of 3529: 3525: 3524:Part One of 3503: 3497: 3491: 3472: 3465: 3454: 3441: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3403: 3396: 3389: 3382: 3375: 3345: 3342:Kendle, John 3334: 3327: 3320: 3313: 3303: 3296: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3174: 3169: 3158: 3143: 3138: 3119: 3110: 3105:(1997) p 553 3102: 3097: 3089: 3088:Lee Joseph, 3084: 3076: 3072: 3060:. 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J. 3092:2008, p. 85 2610:Second Dáil 2594:was ended. 2400:Westminster 2326:during the 2136:James Craig 2066:syndicalist 1806:Land League 1770:nationalist 1715:stage Irish 1711:Anglo-Irish 1707:Oscar Wilde 1501:J.J. Clancy 1060:Anglo-Irish 1050:– known by 693:History of 636:World War I 495:Preceded by 482:(1801–1826) 479:Irish pound 213:Anglicanism 162:(1901–1922) 5964:Categories 5508:Cláirseach 5411:Travellers 5269:Rock music 5252:Folk music 5187:Literature 4989:Soda bread 4872:Government 4799:parliament 4796:Oireachtas 4773:Government 4713:Ideologies 4344:Penal Laws 4235:since 1922 4149:Prehistory 3943:Joel Mokyr 3916:Historians 3695:Penal Laws 3368:j.ctt80mhv 3359:0773506764 3129:0856404985 2955:0745310753 2923:1365041253 2518:The No. 2 2457:first Dáil 2201:under the 1985:newspapers 1893:devolution 1774:Isaac Butt 1695:J.M. Synge 1661:Gaeltachts 1592:newspapers 1429:, such as 1205:Enclosures 1088:George III 1080:Penal Laws 719:Prehistory 713:Chronology 644:republican 443:Population 391:3 May 1921 277:George III 245:Government 233:Demonym(s) 185:Fingallian 5917:Burlesque 5892:Jewellery 5872:Cosmetics 5639:Squatting 5355:Fomorians 5284:Mythology 5154:Languages 5139:Halloween 5115:Bealtaine 5098:Festivals 5089:Stepdance 4994:Spice Bag 4979:Irish fry 4969:Colcannon 4944:Barmbrack 4867:Education 4825:President 4763:Education 4679:Transport 4654:Provinces 4576:Mountains 4551:Coastline 4523:Geography 4414:Civil War 4369:Tithe War 3720:Souperism 3705:Corn Laws 3550:Booknotes 3526:Booknotes 3028:"History" 2931:cite book 2667:civil war 2598:Civil War 2585:, and an 2346:Sinn Féin 2324:Gallipoli 2246:Gallipoli 1942:does not 1906:when the 1833:Unionists 1802:Liverpool 1766:Unionists 1549:does not 1521:See also 1361:rebellion 1256:dysentery 1159:Tithe War 1155:Ribbonmen 1151:Whiteboys 1132:Poor Laws 833:Conflicts 754:1801–1923 749:1691–1800 744:1536–1691 739:1169–1536 662:(now the 652:Sinn Féin 458:4,390,000 206:Religion 57:1801–1922 5949:Category 5907:Painting 5902:Morality 5764:Scotland 5597:Monastic 5562:Calendar 5546:Shamrock 5541:Red Hand 5479:Rounders 5144:Wren Day 5078:Sean-nós 5030:Guinness 4974:Drisheen 4850:Assembly 4832:Taxation 4735:Unionism 4702:Politics 4635:Counties 4379:Land War 4271:Clontarf 4267:Glenmama 4141:Timeline 4047:Category 4029:Land War 3451:(1868). 3344:(1989). 3118:(1992). 2978:29 March 2872:39800732 2689:See also 2569:dominion 2487:and the 2236:and the 2015:May 2024 1754:Liberals 1674:and the 1622:May 2024 1475:and the 1423:Three Fs 1404:Land War 1389:Land War 1319:sedition 1291:diaspora 1270:, Queen 1153:and the 1104:Test Act 1098:and the 1092:Anglican 1052:metonymy 1018:peerages 1010:Scotland 974:and the 962:and the 848:Kingdoms 734:795–1169 684:a series 682:Part of 467:Currency 387:enacted 289:George V 5912:Theatre 5882:Fashion 5877:Erotica 5754:Ireland 5567:Castles 5494:Symbols 5464:Hurling 5449:Camogie 5348:Firbolg 5334:Immrama 5327:Echtrai 5257:session 5240:Ballads 5217:Theatre 5206:Gaeilge 5200:Fiction 5135:Samhain 5050:Whiskey 4924:Cuisine 4912:Culture 4862:Economy 4758:Economy 4566:Islands 4541:Climate 4534:Natural 4129:History 4089:Ireland 3977:Related 3678:General 3291:excerpt 3289:(2015) 3244:(1998) 2837:2596880 2787:26 June 2552:. 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