537:
356:
713:(1848–50) to meet a demand for domestic servants. Some settlers greeted them with hostility and some were exploited or abused by employers and others. Although a number eventually died in poverty, others made upwardly mobile marriages, often surviving older husbands to experience long widowhoods. The Catholic Church only became involved in the 1870s, when its relief agencies in England were overwhelmed with Irish immigration. Even so, only about 10% of the resettlements were through Catholic agencies until after World War II. Australian Catholic groups began importing children in the 1920s to increase the Catholic population, and became heavily engaged in placing and educating them after World War II. The practice quietly died out during the 1950s.
935:, for disloyalty. In general, Protestants, armed with the authority of tradition, championed the idea of Australia as an integral part of the Empire; and Catholics, freed from that authority by their Irish origins and their working-class affiliations, looked to the future by placing Australia first and the Empire second. There was no simple correlation between Catholicism, Protestantism and conscription, but the idea of an anti-conscription Catholic-Labor alliance stuck for many years. Immediately after the War, Mannix's outspoken support for the cause of Irish independence caused further division, culminating in his arrest on the high seas by the
722:
914:, the main liberal leader, and free trade, since both represented Protestant, English landholding and wealthy business interests. In the great strike of 1890 Cardinal Moran, the head of the church, was sympathetic toward unions, but Catholic newspapers were critical of organised labour throughout the decade. After 1900, Catholics joined the Labor Party because its stress on equality and social welfare appealed to people who were workers and small farmers. In the 1910 elections Labor gained in areas where the concentration of Catholics was above average, and the number of Catholics in Labor's parliamentary ranks rose.
348:
368:
153:
3393:
578:
554:
2353:
3888:
2367:
1518:
1274:
435:
27:
413:, 2,410,833 residents identified themselves as having Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry. This nominated ancestry was third behind English and Australian in terms of the largest number of responses and represents 9.5% of the total population of Australia. However this figure does not include Australians with an Irish background who chose to nominate themselves as 'Australian' or other ancestries. The
1205:
responsible for 24 primary schools, five secondary schools, and two orphanages. In
Australia they carried on the Irish tradition of the Sisters of Mercy and lived a monastic lifestyle. Their sparsely furnished bedrooms were referred to as cells. There was little or no heating. The sisters' spiritual practices reflected the 17th-century school of spirituality.
397:. They came to Australia from the late eighteenth century as convicts and free settlers wanting to immigrate from their homeland. Some of those who were transported to Australia were prisoners of war, many of whom had fought in the 1798 Irish rebellion for independence, whereas others were settlers who struggled to establish their lives during the
746:, an example being private Patrick Geary, who in 1808 acted as court interpreter for Patrick Henchan, a convict accused of theft. An account from 1800 refers to convicts speaking Irish among themselves (this being regarded as evidence of conspiracy), and it was acknowledged in the 1820s that priests could not perform their duties in the colony of
1102:
political, was ecumenical and was subordinate to the wider recognition of
Britain. It is first recorded as celebrated in the colony in 1795. In a series of letters, a P. Cunningham, stated that a St Patrick's Day "jubilee" Ball was being held in Sydney in 1826. The situation changed, however, in the 1830s with the growth of wealthy
1123:, its main model. Three alternative explanations are discussed for its appeal outside Ireland: that it facilitated the assimilation of emigrants, transmitted 'tribal' Irish animosities to fresh contexts, or adapted itself to preexisting sectarian rivalries abroad. These hypotheses are tested using evidence from
647:
chosen immigrants, and the colonial authorities used these schemes to exercise some control over immigration. While these assisted schemes were biased against the poorest elements of society, the very poor could overcome these hurdles in several ways, such as relying on local assistance or help from relatives.
1131:
Protestant immigration. A collective profile of Orange South
Australia is derived from lodge records showing age, religious denomination, and occupation, and the appeal of Orangeism is related to local political and religious contexts. In this case, Orangeism was primarily an export of organisational
1077:, which survives today. The Irish settler in Australia, both voluntary and forced, was crucial to the survival and prosperity of the early colonies both demographically and economically. 300,000 Irish free settlers arrived between 1840 and 1914. By 1871, the Irish were a quarter of all overseas-born.
650:
Most Irish emigrants to
Australia were free settlers. The 1891 census of Australia counted 228,000 Irish-born. At the time the Irish made up about 27 percent of the immigrants from the British Isles. The number of Ireland-born in Australia peaked in 1891. A decade later the number of Ireland-born had
1245:
have been the nation's largest minority throughout most of
Australia's history. Their resistance to the elite Anglocentric establishment has keenly marked the development of sport. Mostly working class, the Irish played sports such as rugby league and Australian Rules football, while the Protestant
1204:
McGrath (1995) demonstrates the success of the
Catholic nuns who arrived in Parramatta, New South Wales, from Ireland in 1888, noting their group's growth from nine newcomers into a flourishing congregation of over two hundred women within sixty years. By the 1950s this group of women religious was
1101:
and traditional separatism that migrated with the Irish to
Australia. The early immigrants to Australia from Ireland were mainly members of penal colonies; assemblies or any such expression of Irish culture were not permitted. St. Patrick's Day at first was the exception, because it was not highly
696:
This argument has been questioned. It has been pointed out that under the new colonial and state administrations, a
European-style surname was required for official records relating to Aboriginal people. The local police (often of Irish stock) collected the relevant census data and allocated their
646:
Other than convicts, most of the laborers who voluntarily emigrated to
Australia in the 19th century were drawn from the poorest sector of British and Irish society. After 1831, the Australian colonies employed a system of government assistance in which all or most immigration costs were paid for
1148:
who was permitted to minister in 1803. Irish
Catholic separateness increased especially in the decades from the 1880s to the 1960s when state aid for church schools was withdrawn and the Church maintained a separate and separately funded school system. The leadership of the Australian Church was
1049:
Walker (2007) compares Irish immigrant communities in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Great Britain respecting issues of identity and 'Irishness.' Religion remained the major cause of differentiation in all Irish diaspora communities and had the greatest impact on identity,
922:
Irish Catholics comprised a quarter of Australia's population in the early 20th century. They were largely working-class and voted for the Labor Party. The referendum on conscription in 1917, following the Easter Uprising in Dublin, caused an identification between the Irish, Sinn Féin, and the
684:
It has been argued that Irish Australians and Aboriginal people (including those of mixed descent) feel that there is a historical and sentimental link between the two groups. The shared oppression of Aboriginal and Irish people by the British is seen as giving them common historical ground.
1106:
emancipists and the introduction of Irish Catholic priests. These factors gave rise to conflicts and tensions that were to remain constant thereafter as the rise and decline of domestic Irish political movements influenced the Irish population in Australia. With the outbreak of World War I,
1208:
Their relationship to the clergy was one of devotion, dedication, and subordination, thus reflecting the status of women in the larger population. It was societal pressures from without that eventually led to the decline of the Sisters of Mercy as Australia moved into the 1960s. Radical
1615:
1065:(1855–80) achieved the status of a national folk hero; ballads, films and paintings have since 1878 perpetuated the legend. Kelly, who was hanged for murder, is often viewed romantically as the sort of treatment Irish Catholics in Australia could expect. In major cities such as
1444:
In the 2011 Census 1,895 persons were reported as using Irish as a household language, most of them in Sydney and Melbourne. This represents an increase from the figure of 918 in the 2006 Census. There are no official statistics regarding the use of Irish outside the home.
675:
continued to be eligible for this as British citizens. Only during the 1960s did migration from the south of Ireland reduce significantly. By 2002, around one thousand persons born in Ireland – north and south – were migrating permanently to Australia each year.
1246:
majority often preferred cricket, soccer, rugby union and boxing. The tensions and contrasts between these two sporting cultures eventually built the attitudes and beliefs toward games and sports that Australians share today. Many Irish in Australia play
2190:
2877:
The bushrangers in question were named Scanlan and Brown. A third member of the gang, an Englishman named Richard Lemon, was said to have killed Scanlan because he was tired of hearing him and Brown speaking Irish together. Hughes, p.
3714:
401:
and the harsh years in Ireland that followed. They made substantial contributions to Australia's development in many different areas. In the late 19th century, Irish Australians constituted up to a third of the country's population.
1381:
At the 2011 Census, 2,087,800 Australians (10.4% of the total population) declared they had Irish ancestry either alone or in combination with another ancestry; only Australian and English ancestries were more frequently nominated.
1227:
is an online journal directed chiefly at Irish Australians. Its stated aim is to provide serious comment and an independent perspective on a wide range of Australian/Irish topics. It publishes some material in the Irish language.
692:
argued that (in contrast to other colonists) Irish Catholics treated Aboriginal people as equals, as evidenced by their willingness to intermarry, thus giving rise to the Irish surnames prominent among Aboriginal activists.
781:, all of them areas where the language was still strong. Irish continued to be spoken in Australian country districts where the Irish had settled, and there is some evidence of its being transmitted to the next generation.
800:
being established. The 1970s saw a renewal of interest in the language, chiefly among Australians of Irish descent, and there is now a network of Irish speakers in the major cities. The Department of Celtic Studies at the
1050:
followed by the nature and difficulty of socioeconomic conditions faced in each new country and the strength of continued social and political links of Irish immigrants and their descendants with the old country.
890:
Although Catholic Irish were not generally politically powerful, the large number of Irish combined with universal male suffrage made it possible for Irish to sometimes gain office, such as the Victorian premiers
4162:
1234:
is a fortnightly Irish-language newsletter, distributed online in Australia and overseas. It deals with language matters and also contains articles on folklore, literature and current affairs.
5958:
1883:
1115:
The idea of fraternity and how to organise it was one of 19th-century Europe's invisible exports to the New World. Fitzpatrick (2005) explores the international diffusion of the
697:
own names to Aboriginal people for official purposes. In addition, however, many such policemen fathered children to casual or long-term partners from Aboriginal communities.
2642:
2056:, gold prospector whose lucrative discovery on 14 June 1893 set off a major gold rush in the area now known as The Golden Mile, the richest square mile in the world in
4135:
2965:
4522:
3919:
1461:(Fr Patrick Hartigan) celebrated rural Irish Australian Catholic culture in his popular poems of the early twentieth century such as 'The little Irish mother' and '
4288:
4125:
4120:
4105:
3999:
5013:
4921:
4453:
4399:
4266:
4219:
3914:
390:
descent. Irish immigrants and descendants have been a prominent presence in the Australian populace since the First Fleet's arrival in New South Wales in 1788.
4916:
4889:
4864:
4824:
4436:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4337:
4322:
4110:
4075:
4019:
3974:
3939:
3909:
4557:
4537:
4441:
4332:
4273:
4212:
3994:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3904:
1209:
re-evaluations forced a restructuring of the Catholic Church as a whole, and a rethinking of what kinds of service the Church would require in modern times.
5061:
2219:
elected to the House of Representatives, the first Indigenous Australian to serve as a government minister and the first Indigenous Australian appointed to
5975:
5008:
4980:
4955:
4906:
4500:
4473:
4421:
3979:
4926:
4446:
4293:
3602:
Fitzgerald, Garrett, 'Estimates for baronies of minimal level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts, 117–1781 to 1861–1871,' Volume 84,
4960:
4901:
4229:
3663:
3282:
1943:
761:, with a high proportion of Irish speakers. An Irish-speaking priest, Fr Stack, was appointed to minister to Irish miners in the gold-rush locality of
1041:
are illustrative of the drift by some Irish Australians away from Labor and towards the conservative side of politics in the later twentieth century.
4239:
3837:
2308:
that prevented the ongoing slaughter of East Timorese Christians and enabled a democratic referendum and free elections and national independence in
2512:
3414:
3344:
2142:
2077:
1385:
Irish Australian settlement patterns are not significantly different from those of the Australian population as a whole – that is, a third live in
536:
817:
houses a collection of books and manuscripts in Irish often used by scholars. Australians have published fiction, poetry and journalism in Irish.
5856:
2206:
540:
People with Irish ancestry as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census
5204:
1404:
The 2001 Australian census recorded that persons reporting some Irish Australian ethnicity accounted for 10.7 per cent of all responses in the
5861:
1855:
355:
6126:
2003:
6349:
5382:
5229:
5167:
3268:
Peter A. Horton, "The 'Green' and the 'Gold': The Irish-Australians and Their Role in the Emergence of the Australian Sports Culture",
923:
anti-conscription section of Labor. Pro-conscription forces exploited this, denouncing outspoken anti-conscription Catholics, such as
5629:
5092:
3780:
3081:
3034:
1974 20(2): 155–163; Alan D. Gilbert, "Protestants, Catholics, and Loyalty: an Aspect of the Conscription Controversies, 1916–17",
1492:
portrays the life of a Catholic Irish Australian family living in a Sydney slum. Other shows relating to Irish Australians include
1026:
814:
3052:
1017:
Conversely, conservative parties contained few Irish Catholics for most of the twentieth century. An exception was Prime Minister
4065:
3252:
2494:
3758:
3133:
1582:
1338:
499:
91:
5903:
5713:
5521:
5435:
2491:"Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dermot Ahern T.D., announces Grants to Irish Community Organisations in the Southern Hemisphere"
3536:
1554:
1310:
471:
63:
5799:
5639:
4060:
3830:
2551:
2081:
1974:, Australian competition swimmer, from 1910 until 1918 she was the world's greatest female swimmer across all distances from
6344:
5915:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5209:
5194:
1022:
860:
6302:
6246:
6141:
5647:
5481:
5395:
2186:
2162:
1811:
1561:
1317:
478:
70:
2566:
2490:
6309:
5440:
5420:
5234:
5214:
3116:
3002:
2305:
1535:
1291:
1178:
452:
44:
3735:
5851:
5752:
5652:
5572:
5506:
5189:
3585:
3062:
1847:
1601:
1357:
613:
518:
110:
3160:
Frank.Crowley,"Colonial Australia: A documentary history of Australia 1", Thomas Nelson Pty Ltd, Melbourne 1980: 356
874:
from the late 1800s to the early 1950s. By this point, however, with all sign languages experiencing the effects of
5579:
5516:
5501:
5298:
5219:
5162:
3823:
2751:
Richards, E (1993). "How did poor people emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the nineteenth century?".
1810:, 10th Prime Minister of Australia, legislated the creation of the Australian broadcaster that is now known as the
1568:
1324:
1221:(Australia) is a newspaper available in print and online, covering Irish news and other matters of Irish interest.
485:
327:
77:
2261:, known as "Bluey" Gilroy, first Australian-born Roman Catholic cardinal, first cardinal to be knighted since the
6020:
5819:
5809:
5745:
5486:
5460:
5293:
5157:
2617:
2390:
1186:
5057:
3375:
3358:
6106:
6005:
5725:
5703:
5609:
5415:
5375:
1851:
1539:
1295:
844:
826:
601:
were transported to Australia between 1791 and 1867, including at least 325 who had participated in either the
456:
48:
3709:
Richards, Eric. "How did poor people emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the nineteenth century?"
1550:
1306:
467:
59:
6256:
6173:
6049:
5898:
5891:
5762:
5708:
5511:
5491:
5147:
5030:
2301:
1478:
640:
620:
3293:
2070:, 14th Prime Minister of Australia, WWII Australian war time leader, extended pensions to cover Aboriginals.
1378:. Cities with the largest Irish-born populations were Sydney (12,730), Melbourne (8,950) and Perth (7,060).
6241:
6035:
5772:
5735:
5614:
5604:
5476:
5085:
3428:
3198:, "Women Religious in the History of Australia 1888–1950: a Case Study – the Sisters of Mercy Parramatta",
3048:
1675:
1494:
1405:
1141:
3846:
3466:
3218:
6010:
5968:
5963:
5910:
5657:
5624:
5552:
5244:
5179:
2520:
2270:
726:
3511:
2896:
Noone, p. 12. See also the discussion in Fitzgerald regarding the state of Irish in Ireland at the time.
2724:
6076:
5980:
5834:
5789:
5693:
4965:
4004:
3800:
2047:
2037:
1690:, Irish born Australian rebel and, later, politician who rose to fame for his leading role in the
848:
233:
3563:
2806:
McGrath, Ann (2010). "Shamrock Aborigines: the Irish, the Aboriginal Australians and their children".
1762:, Australian zookeeper, conservationist, television personality, wildlife expert and environmentalist.
6196:
6153:
6101:
6000:
5846:
5814:
5730:
5720:
5688:
5368:
5256:
4312:
4009:
3629:
2465:
1735:
6111:
6096:
5943:
5779:
5740:
5567:
5347:
5224:
4582:
2405:
2385:
1637:
1627:
1482:
deals with both the British rule of Ireland, and the development of New South Wales and Australia.
1397:(compared to only 18 per cent of the general population). Relatively few as a proportion reside in
1254:. Only Irish Australian soccer clubs they have helped to establish in Sydney Eastern Suburbs clubs
1169:
in Brisbane. Many of the Catholic schools were run and staffed by Irish orders of nuns such as the
947:
Irish Australians have been prominent in Australian politics, primarily through the vehicle of the
735:
721:
627:
in the same year also led to an Irish revolt. Both risings were soon crushed. As late as the 1860s
299:
2966:"Australian Irish Sign Language: a minority sign language within a larger sign language community"
2618:"Ireland: Australia is the land of plenty for the biggest wave of Irish emigrants in a generation"
951:(ALP), whose support base was historically dominated by working-class Catholics of Irish descent.
6261:
6136:
6116:
6091:
6071:
5824:
5794:
5619:
5496:
5425:
5343:
5152:
5078:
5018:
5001:
4869:
4729:
4505:
4342:
4207:
4202:
3877:
2182:
1923:
1897:
1893:
1749:
1528:
1284:
1053:
For much of the 19th and the 20th centuries, Irish Australians, particularly but not exclusively
1007:
731:
606:
602:
445:
204:
182:
37:
3810:
2696:
2590:
2579:
955:
was Australia's first Irish, as well as Catholic, Prime Minister in 1929. Labor Prime Ministers
6168:
6146:
6121:
6086:
6066:
6030:
5868:
5839:
5829:
5804:
5767:
5698:
5535:
5430:
5239:
4744:
4719:
4714:
4629:
4547:
4510:
4374:
4150:
4140:
4100:
4034:
3872:
3864:
3659:
2215:, Australian politician of English, Irish, Indian and Indigenous Australian descent, the first
2205:, Australian former Grand Prix motorcycle road racing World Champion, who won five consecutive
2095:
2033:
2012:, journalist, welfare worker, compiled a dictionary of several Australian Aboriginal dialects.
1950:
1868:, former Premier of New South Wales, championed and organised the idea and construction of the
1859:
1715:
1575:
1458:
1331:
1154:
948:
710:
492:
237:
191:
172:
84:
3887:
971:, whose mother was Irish-Australian, was elected Prime Minister of Australia in 2022 as well.
6231:
6163:
6061:
6015:
5878:
5784:
5671:
5557:
5303:
5277:
5130:
4844:
4794:
4734:
4699:
4694:
4639:
4468:
4458:
4431:
4278:
4261:
4246:
4145:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4014:
3984:
3934:
3924:
3805:
2602:
2216:
2178:
2158:
2135:
2131:
2117:
1901:
1745:
1488:
1198:
1150:
1074:
932:
1922:
Chief", rebel leader fighting for religious freedom and Irish independence in and after the
581:
557:
6295:
6266:
6188:
6025:
5995:
5931:
5886:
5599:
5594:
5562:
5547:
5403:
5331:
4970:
4950:
4896:
4854:
4829:
4819:
4754:
4669:
4644:
4619:
4607:
4577:
4569:
4463:
4406:
4347:
4317:
4197:
4157:
4130:
4055:
4050:
3989:
3969:
3949:
3929:
3763:
3740:
3692:
3138:
2445:
2435:
2400:
2395:
2315:
2220:
2154:
2138:
2043:
2009:
1826:, Australian lawyer, Royal Commissioner and social justice activist, who presided over the
1641:
1466:
1409:
1390:
1190:
1145:
1094:
1093:, Protestant or Catholic, and how Australian manifestations of the Irish festival evolved.
999:
802:
758:
751:
750:
without a knowledge of the language. There is a reference to Irish-speaking bushrangers in
689:
394:
347:
339:
331:
303:
5023:
8:
6216:
6158:
5990:
5953:
5683:
5351:
5040:
4975:
4945:
4936:
4931:
4849:
4834:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4759:
4724:
4709:
4704:
4679:
4649:
4634:
4624:
4592:
4587:
4488:
4483:
4426:
4352:
4300:
4251:
4224:
4190:
4115:
4085:
4029:
4024:
3896:
3624:
3611:
Emigration and the labouring poor: Australian recruitment in Britain and Ireland, 1831–60
2914:Ó Nuadháin, Val agus Ryan, Colin: 'Nioclás Ó Domhnaill: Laoch na Gaeilge san Astráil' in
2440:
2430:
2291:
1827:
1371:
1090:
1003:
896:
836:
664:
360:
315:
311:
2671:
1401:(7.6 per cent of Irish Australians compared to 9.9 per cent of the general population).
1021:, who began his career in the ALP. The situation changed later especially following the
6318:
6276:
6251:
6236:
6226:
6221:
6211:
6178:
6081:
5985:
5589:
5584:
5045:
5035:
4996:
4911:
4884:
4879:
4859:
4769:
4749:
4739:
4684:
4674:
4659:
4493:
4478:
4416:
4411:
4367:
4357:
4327:
4305:
4185:
4180:
3964:
2776:
2768:
2283:
2057:
1975:
1954:
1869:
1837:
1663:
1645:
1429:
1194:
1182:
1158:
1038:
892:
667:(which came into being in April 1949) were no longer British subjects eligible for the
414:
249:
5062:
Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
765:. Irish immigration was at its height in the 1860s, the main counties of origin being
6206:
5948:
4874:
4839:
4689:
4664:
4654:
4612:
4552:
4542:
4527:
4515:
4362:
4283:
4256:
4234:
4172:
4095:
3432:
3408:
3338:
3112:
3058:
3017:
Celia Hamilton, "Irish-Catholics of New South Wales and the Labor Party, 1890–1910",
2998:
2780:
2711:
2547:
2420:
2280:
2061:
2027:
1981:
1651:
1425:
1398:
632:
617:
410:
307:
367:
6323:
5757:
5251:
5199:
5120:
4814:
4789:
4532:
3671:
3634:
3540:
2760:
2498:
2372:
2240:
2226:
2125:
1958:
1709:
1691:
1669:
1500:
1375:
1170:
1107:
imperatives imposed by the demands of war overshadowed Australian Irish sentiment.
1030:
968:
904:
770:
730:
cover, 16 March 1889, depicting Irish Australians offering enthusiastic support to
672:
656:
319:
3653:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins
2995:
The Silent Book: A Deaf Family and the Disappearing Australian-Irish Sign Language
2544:
The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins
882:, AISL has over time become relegated to small friend groups and select families.
742:
The first convicts and soldiers to arrive in Australia included a large number of
5184:
5142:
5135:
5125:
5115:
4940:
3492:
3379:
3222:
2410:
2276:
1833:
1783:
1765:
1433:
1413:
1386:
1251:
1242:
1144:
maintained a strong Irish identity. The first priests were Irish, beginning with
1124:
975:
840:
778:
774:
747:
660:
335:
323:
274:
253:
152:
1370:
At the 2006 Census, 50,255 Australian residents declared they were born in the
1149:
almost entirely Irish from 1883 to 1940, prominent Irish-born bishops including
6201:
5310:
5174:
5101:
3195:
2940:
2425:
2358:
2297:
2252:
2168:
2113:
2091:
2084:
and was prominent in the negotiations that led to the creation of the State of
1987:
1927:
1919:
1875:
1823:
1789:
1777:
1771:
1739:
1657:
1259:
1103:
871:
832:
785:
743:
668:
636:
624:
386:) are residents of Australia who are fully or partially of
379:
295:
141:
6338:
5272:
2258:
2246:
2148:
2121:
2021:
1993:
1915:
1905:
1865:
1817:
1706:, 27th Prime Minister of Australia, first female Prime Minister of Australia.
1703:
1462:
1162:
1098:
983:
952:
924:
859:, though it is also notably unrelated neither to Gaeilge nor to the numerous
797:
610:
421:
states that up to 30% of the population claim some degree of Irish ancestry.
3675:
3618:
Death or Liberty: The Convicts of the Britannia, Ireland to Botany Bay, 1797
663:. This changed after the Second World War, as people migrating from the new
2415:
2337:
2325:
2287:
2196:
2053:
1971:
1964:
1807:
1247:
1116:
1058:
1034:
1018:
995:
987:
979:
964:
911:
810:
766:
406:
398:
387:
287:
3815:
3638:
3182:
David Fitzpatrick, "Exporting Brotherhood: Orangeism in South Australia",
1814:(ABC) in 1932, the first prime minister to have an Australian-born parent.
659:
in 1922 did not diminish arrivals from Ireland as Irish people were still
564:
The Great Shame and the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World
6271:
6131:
3856:
2643:"Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021"
2380:
2331:
2262:
2202:
2107:
2101:
2073:
2067:
1843:
1759:
1725:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1166:
1120:
1086:
960:
956:
900:
405:
There is no definitive figure of the total number of Australians with an
291:
270:
265:
3392:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
3318:
Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of.
2833:
Trevor McClaughlin, "Lost Children? Irish Famine Orphans in Australia",
2050:, first surviving non Aboriginal to cross Australia from south to north.
2002:, 26th Prime Minister of Australia, gave the first national government
1990:, Australian-born American businessman, media proprietor, and investor.
2309:
2234:
2230:
2172:
2015:
1999:
1939:
1909:
1795:
1731:
1633:
1542: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1473:
1417:
1394:
1298: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1174:
1011:
991:
936:
928:
706:
459: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2772:
1846:, 16th Prime Minister of Australia, expanded state welfare, increased
1648:" originally adapted from a poem by Irish Australian poet Dan Sheahan.
5391:
5360:
3682:
3372:
2212:
2040:
with the objective of crossing Australia from the south to the north.
1933:
1753:
1623:
1483:
1073:, Irish social and political associations were formed, including the
1066:
1062:
1054:
806:
789:
221:
2513:"Ancestry Information Operations Unlimited Company – Press Releases"
1517:
1273:
788:
in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century found a response in
434:
26:
2764:
2279:, Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and actor. Author of
2269:
hysteria in 1950s and helped ensure that there was no split in the
2266:
1454:
1421:
757:
The gold rushes of the 1850s attracted many Irish to the colony of
652:
598:
225:
3633:(Australian ed.), Melbourne: George Robertson & Company,
5070:
1967:, Australian ASP World Champion surfer and shark attack survivor.
1879:
1836:, Australian former judge, who presided over the anti-corruption
1801:
875:
762:
3030:
D. J. Murphy, "Religion, Race and Conscription in World War I",
1884:
Commission of the Holy See for Religious Relations with the Jews
1644:, first Australian to have a No. 1 international hit song with "
974:
The same was true in the twentieth century at a state level. In
3499:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
3215:
2916:
2319:
2085:
1946:
1719:
1128:
1070:
879:
867:
856:
852:
793:
628:
589:
569:
418:
217:
2603:"National Museum of Australia - Irish in Australia background"
2076:, known as Doc Evatt, Australian politician and judge, former
1614:
3811:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2846:
Barry M. Coldrey, "Child Migration and the Catholic Church",
2697:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2591:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
2580:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2016-cis-ireland.PDF
1097:
became an expression of Irish identity and was emblematic of
229:
5058:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013
3256:
3237:
1896:, Music composer, appointed Acting Head of Trinity College (
1626:, Bushranger, outlaw and cultural icon. Known for wearing a
3759:"Celebrating St Patrick's Day in nineteenth-century Sydney"
3292:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived from
3283:"The People of Australia – Statistics from the 2006 Census"
3134:"Celebrating St Patrick's Day in nineteenth-century Sydney"
2943:. St Mary's Newman Academic Centre, University of Melbourne
1887:
990:
were Irish Australian, while Queensland had Labor premiers
709:
were shipped to the Australian colonies at the time of the
3806:
https://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/not-just-ned/background
2546:(2 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–85,
1742:. Born in Ireland and emigrated to Australia in the 1980s.
2670:
Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and.
393:
Irish Australians have played a considerable role in the
3320:"Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government"
3319:
2243:, Australian journalist, radio and television presenter.
3433:"Catholic rural virtue in Australia: ideal and reality"
2567:"5 areas of Australia IRISH PEOPLE move to and live in"
1678:, Australian cricketer, cricket writer and broadcaster.
3658:
3382:. Prompts: 'Location,' 'All other languages,' 'Irish'.
3047:
2046:, Australian explorer, sole survivor of the completed
3440:
Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society
1722:, born in Ireland and emigrated to Australia in 1996.
1127:, where Orangeism flourished in the absence of heavy
866:
AISL and the more dominant Australian sign language,
843:
in 1875 with the construction of three schools where
3485:
3169:
Patrick O'Farrell, "St Patrick's Day in Australia",
2348:
1684:, Australian-American singer, actress, and activist.
3721:
Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
3623:
1984:, Australian musician, singer-songwriter and actor.
1374:and a further 21,291 declared to have been born in
1132:techniques rather than Irish personnel or bigotry.
705:Over four thousand young female orphans from Irish
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3801:The Irish In Australia: The Beat of a Distant Drum
3200:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
3171:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
2997:. Rangeview, Vic.: Missionary Sisters of Service.
2848:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
2739:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
1908:, the last traditional ngurungaeta (elder) of the
1507:
1201:were prominent in founding hospitals and schools.
631:prisoners were being transported, particularly to
1904:in the transcription of three songs performed by
1250:and the local gaelic athletic association is the
820:
6336:
3736:"Irish in Sydney from First Fleet to Federation"
2143:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
2078:President of the United Nations General Assembly
1465:'. They formed the basis of a 1925 silent movie
1085:O'Farrell (1995) demonstrates the importance of
1025:, which led many Catholics out of Labor via the
942:
3704:The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day
3109:Tell 'em I Died Game: The Legend of Ned Kelly l
3051:; Nolan, Gerald O.; Gilchrist, Michael (2015).
3019:Historical Studies: Australia & New Zealand
2466:"2021 Australia, Census All persons QuickStats"
2286:. The first novel by an Australian to win the
2191:inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea
2024:, American and Australian actress and producer.
616:. Once in Australia, some were involved in the
3311:
679:
5376:
5086:
3831:
3733:
3270:International Journal of the History of Sport
1856:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
907:, later a conservative member of parliament.
3756:
3413:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3351:
3343:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3131:
3054:The Real Archbishop Mannix: From the Sources
3032:Australian Journal of Politics & History
2744:
2249:, Australian former international cricketer.
2199:, Australian actor and music video director.
2151:, Australian television and radio presenter.
3845:
2036:, Australian explorer, leader of the 1860
1640:singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and
1189:worked in hospitals. Irish nuns such as Sr
1135:
939:in 1920 to prevent his landing in Ireland.
133:
5383:
5369:
5093:
5079:
3838:
3824:
3719:Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds.
3057:. Ballarat: Connor Court. pp. 39–71.
2801:
2799:
2300:, retired Australian Army General, former
2229:, Australian folk figure, former Anglican
1886:, promoted positive theological ties with
3699:(New South Wales University Press, 1984.)
2793:T. Jordan-Bychkov, Australia, 2009, p. 44
2004:Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples
1949:player, first man in the Open Era to win
1602:Learn how and when to remove this message
1358:Learn how and when to remove this message
1177:and Irish orders of brothers such as the
519:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
3555:
3427:
2750:
1936:, Australian Heavyweight Champion boxer.
1613:
870:, were used as the primary languages of
815:Newman College (University of Melbourne)
720:
586:interview with Keneally, January 9, 2000
535:
366:
354:
346:
3253:Irish Language Association of Australia
3076:
3074:
3041:
2988:
2986:
2960:
2958:
2941:"Collections: Irish studies collection"
2805:
2796:
2255:, Australian former rugby union player.
2161:Senator, former TV journalist, Federal
2120:judge, wrote the lead judgement on the
6337:
5390:
3785:Australian Catholic Historical Society
3604:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
3391:
3317:
3111:. Melbourne: Hyland House Publishing.
3086:Australian Catholic Historical Society
2992:
2615:
1804:, Irish-Australian comedian and actor.
531:
5364:
5074:
3819:
3706:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
2737:Bruce Rosen, "The 'Catalpa' Rescue",
2094:, was the first woman elected to the
2082:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1439:
1412:(469,161 responses), 9.9 per cent in
1408:(42,540 responses), 10.2 per cent in
910:Before 1890, Irish Catholics opposed
4061:Caribbean and West Indian Australian
3561:
3509:
3503:
3371:Special Broadcasting Service (SBS):
3106:
3100:
3071:
2983:
2955:
2541:
1540:adding citations to reliable sources
1511:
1296:adding citations to reliable sources
1267:
1080:
1023:Australian Labor Party split of 1955
861:Australian Aboriginal sign languages
457:adding citations to reliable sources
428:
212:Regions with significant populations
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3251:can be found at the website of the
2497:. 26 September 2007. Archived from
2187:United Nations Human Rights Council
2181:, Australian former Justice of the
2163:Minister for Indigenous Australians
2110:, 18th Prime Minister of Australia.
2104:, 15th Prime Minister of Australia.
1882:of the Catholic Church, headed the
1812:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1057:, were treated with suspicion in a
967:were also of Irish Catholic stock.
13:
6350:Australian people of Irish descent
5100:
3596:
3497:Australian Dictionary of Biography
3373:http://www.sbs.com.au/news/census/
2306:International Force for East Timor
1820:, 13th Prime Minister of Australia
1768:, 20th Prime Minister of Australia
1728:, 25th Prime Minister of Australia
1712:, 31st Prime Minister of Australia
1654:, Australian rock and roll singer.
1448:
1089:to the Irish, whether northern or
754:in the early nineteenth century.
562:interview with Thomas Keneally on
371:Monument to the Irish in Australia
14:
6361:
3727:
3689:(Ballarat Heritage Services 2012)
3586:"Top 100 Irish Australians named"
2669:
1848:Post-war immigration to Australia
1660:, Australian pop and rock singer.
716:
3886:
3510:Snow, Deborah (8 October 2011).
3464:
2631:– via www.theguardian.com.
2616:Rourke, Alison (17 March 2013).
2365:
2351:
1798:, Australian actor and comedian.
1618:Peter Lalor, an Irish Australian
1516:
1272:
1119:, with comparative reference to
576:
552:
433:
151:
25:
3578:
3529:
3458:
3421:
3385:
3365:
3275:
3262:
3242:
3227:
3214:(Australia's Irish Newspaper):
3205:
3189:
3176:
3163:
3154:
3125:
3024:
3011:
2932:
2923:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2818:
2787:
2731:
2689:
2663:
2635:
2470:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2171:, Australia's first Aboriginal
2141:, inaugural chairperson of the
1527:needs additional citations for
1508:Notable people of Irish descent
1428:(171,667), 7.5 per cent in the
1283:needs additional citations for
444:needs additional citations for
36:needs additional citations for
3473:. National Museum of Australia
3394:"Redirect to Census data page"
2993:Wallis, Bernadette T. (2016).
2609:
2595:
2584:
2573:
2559:
2535:
2505:
2483:
2458:
2233:, soldier, public speaker and
1852:Australian National University
1263:
917:
851:, AISL is quite distinct from
845:Australian Irish Sign Language
827:Australian Irish Sign Language
821:Australian Irish Sign Language
157:Australian Irish heritage flag
1:
3539:. Icmi.com.au. Archived from
2451:
2302:Governor-General of Australia
2290:and is the basis of the film
2265:, discouraged anti-communist
1978:sprints to the mile marathon.
1900:) in 1872, collaborated with
1432:(18,325) and 6.7 per cent in
1393:, with 13 per cent living in
943:Irish Australians in politics
895:(1857, 1858–59, 1861–63) and
621:Castle Hill convict rebellion
3781:"Irish Catholic Australians"
3767:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3744:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3697:Letters from Irish Australia
3216:http://www.irishecho.com.au/
3142:. Dictionary of Sydney Trust
3082:"Irish Catholic Australians"
1926:, former Chief of Police in
1748:, double-time winner of the
1700:, Australian-American actor.
1406:Australian Capital Territory
1142:Catholic Church in Australia
7:
6345:Irish diaspora in Australia
4066:Hispanic and Latin American
3687:Hidden Ireland in Australia
3186:2005 23(2–3): 277–310, 34p.
3184:Immigrants & Minorities
2391:Australia–Ireland relations
2344:
2271:New South Wales Labor Party
1736:Australian Rules Footballer
1420:(433,354), 7.8 per cent in
1416:(622,944), 9.7 per cent in
978:for example Labor premiers
903:was the leader of the 1854
885:
727:Queensland Figaro and Punch
680:Irish and Aboriginal People
10:
6366:
4163:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
3711:Journal of British Studies
3648:. London: Routledge (1987)
3493:"Lalor, Peter (1827–1889)"
3467:"Irish in Australia essay"
2938:The O'Donnell Collection:
2753:Journal of British Studies
2676:www.ireland.embassy.gov.au
2318:, Australian professional
2207:500 cc World Championships
2048:Burke and Wills expedition
2038:Burke and Wills expedition
1830:combating organised crime.
1628:suit of bulletproof armour
1424:(42,552), 7.6 per cent in
824:
700:
424:
351:Irish embassy in Australia
6289:
6187:
6057:
6048:
5939:
5930:
5877:
5753:Intelligence and security
5679:
5670:
5638:
5543:
5534:
5469:
5411:
5402:
5340:
5319:
5286:
5265:
5257:Irish Traveller Americans
5108:
5054:
4989:
4803:
4568:
4171:
4043:
3895:
3884:
3863:
3853:
3516:The Sydney Morning Herald
3257:http://www.gaeilge.org.au
3238:http://www.tintean.org.au
2124:, which gave rise to the
1676:Bill O'Reilly (cricketer)
1237:
1110:
1044:
643:was a memorable episode.
597:An estimated 7,155 Irish
575:
551:
546:
286:
281:
264:
259:
248:
243:
216:
211:
167:
162:
150:
131:
16:Ethnic group in Australia
3855:Ancestral background of
3668:Australia and the Empire
2406:Immigration to Australia
2386:Anglo-Celtic Australians
1642:Australian cultural icon
1638:Australian country music
1212:
1136:Catholic clergy and nuns
1117:Loyal Orange Institution
847:(AISL) was taught. As a
409:background. At the 2021
300:Anglo-Celtic Australians
3878:Torres Strait Islanders
3847:Ancestry of Australians
2672:"Australian Embassy in"
2183:High Court of Australia
2080:, helped to draft the
1924:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1898:University of Melbourne
1894:George William Torrance
1750:Eurovision Song Contest
1157:in Sydney, Archbishops
1061:atmosphere. The outlaw
796:, with branches of the
623:. Continual tension on
603:Irish Rebellion of 1798
363:in Cathedral, Melbourne
359:Statue of Irish leader
6147:Indigenous Australians
5648:States and territories
3873:Aboriginal Australians
3734:Reid, Richard (2012).
3713:32.3 (1993): 250–279.
3664:The Irish in Australia
3660:Arthur Patchett Martin
3630:The Irish in Australia
2096:Parliament of Victoria
1860:Snowy Mountains Scheme
1619:
1389:and a quarter live in
1029:(DLP). The careers of
1027:Democratic Labor Party
949:Australian Labor Party
739:
639:of Irish radicals off
541:
383:
372:
364:
352:
134:
5441:Territorial evolution
3757:Kildea, Jeff (2012).
3221:20 March 2012 at the
3132:Kildea, Jeff (2012).
3107:Seal, Graham (2002).
2850:1993 79(3–4): 199–213
2824:O'Farrell 2001, p. 72
2517:www.ancestryeurope.lu
2217:Indigenous Australian
2179:Michael Kirby (judge)
2159:Indigenous Australian
2136:Aboriginal Australian
2118:Australian High Court
2030:, Australian actress.
2018:, Australian actress.
1902:Alfred William Howitt
1672:, Australian murderer
1617:
1489:The Harp in the South
1476:and historical drama
1199:Mother Vincent Whitty
1075:Melbourne Celtic Club
933:Premier of Queensland
724:
539:
370:
358:
350:
282:Related ethnic groups
205:Australian population
183:Australian population
5887:Cabinet of Australia
5862:Government ministers
5630:World Heritage Sites
5436:European exploration
3764:Dictionary of Sydney
3741:Dictionary of Sydney
3702:O'Farrell, Patrick.
3537:"Speaker Jim Stynes"
3512:"Staying the course"
3378:17 July 2013 at the
3139:Dictionary of Sydney
2808:Aboriginal Australia
2542:Jupp, James (2001),
2446:Irish New Zealanders
2436:Scottish Australians
2401:Europeans in Oceania
2396:European Australians
2155:Malarndirri McCarthy
2139:public administrator
2044:John King (explorer)
2010:Daisy Bates (author)
1942:, Australian former
1666:, Australian author.
1536:improve this article
1467:Around the Boree Log
1292:improve this article
1191:Mary Baptist De Lacy
1000:William Forgan Smith
803:University of Sydney
651:dropped to 184,035.
453:improve this article
395:history of Australia
340:European Australians
332:Irish New Zealanders
304:Scottish Australians
45:improve this article
5959:Gross state product
5352:Flight of the Earls
3857:Australian citizens
3625:James Francis Hogan
3272:2000 17(2–3): 65–92
3202:1995 81(2): 195–212
3021:1958 8(31): 254–267
2929:Noone, pp. 148–163.
2523:on 7 September 2017
2441:Cornish Australians
2431:English Australians
2304:, commander of the
2185:, appointed by the
2034:Robert O'Hara Burke
1996:, Australian actor.
1828:Costigan Commission
1792:, Australian actor.
1786:, Australian actor.
1780:, Australian actor.
1551:"Irish Australians"
1372:Republic of Ireland
1307:"Irish Australians"
1004:Frank Arthur Cooper
897:Charles Gavan Duffy
849:Francosign language
837:Irish Sign Language
833:oral Irish language
665:Republic of Ireland
532:Demographic history
468:"Irish Australians"
316:Cornish Australians
312:English Australians
128:
60:"Irish Australians"
6277:Australian studies
6212:Australian English
6021:Telecommunications
5857:Government leaders
5800:Political ideology
5041:South Sea Islander
3693:O'Farrell, Patrick
2741:1979 65(2): 73–88,
2132:Lowitja O'Donoghue
2058:Kalgoorlie-Boulder
1955:Cincinnati Masters
1870:Sydney Opera House
1858:, established the
1854:, established the
1850:, established the
1838:Fitzgerald Inquiry
1774:, Australian actor
1740:Brownlow Medallist
1664:Colleen McCullough
1646:A Pub with No Beer
1620:
1440:Irish language use
1430:Northern Territory
1195:Mary Gonzaga Barry
1187:Sisters of Charity
1183:Patrician Brothers
1179:Christian Brothers
1039:Padraic McGuinness
805:offers courses in
740:
614:skirmishes in 1848
542:
415:Australian embassy
373:
365:
353:
250:Australian English
207:) (In Combination)
126:
6332:
6331:
6285:
6284:
6107:Human trafficking
6044:
6043:
5926:
5925:
5726:Foreign relations
5666:
5665:
5530:
5529:
5477:Asian Australians
5358:
5357:
5344:Military diaspora
5068:
5067:
5031:Papua New Guinean
3613:(Springer, 1997).
3609:Haines, Robin F.
3588:. 11 August 2009.
3543:on 9 October 2011
3038:1971 6(1): 15–25,
2970:Culture in Crisis
2920:, Bealtaine 2009.
2868:O'Farrell, p. 27.
2837:2000 8(4): 30–34,
2719:Missing or empty
2553:978-0-521-80789-0
2421:Welsh Australians
2281:non-fiction novel
2062:Western Australia
2028:Elizabeth Debicki
1982:Michael Hutchence
1961:in the same year.
1612:
1611:
1604:
1586:
1426:Western Australia
1399:Western Australia
1368:
1367:
1360:
1342:
1165:in Melbourne and
1095:St. Patrick's Day
1081:St. Patrick's Day
925:Archbishop Mannix
752:Van Diemen's Land
690:Patrick O'Farrell
633:Western Australia
607:rebellion of 1803
595:
594:
566:, January 2, 2000
529:
528:
521:
503:
411:Australian census
376:Irish Australians
345:
344:
308:Welsh Australians
127:Irish Australians
121:
120:
113:
95:
6357:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6174:Waste management
6055:
6054:
5976:Household income
5937:
5936:
5899:Governor-General
5709:Electoral system
5677:
5676:
5541:
5540:
5409:
5408:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5362:
5361:
5342:Related topics:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5072:
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3723:(ABC-CLIO, 2004)
3679:
3644:Hughes, Robert.
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3562:Thompson, Dave.
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2519:. Archived from
2509:
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2501:on 28 July 2013.
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2373:Australia portal
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2292:Schindler's List
2241:Geraldine Doogue
2227:Captain Moonlite
2126:Native Title Act
1918:, known as the "
1718:, Former CEO of
1710:Anthony Albanese
1692:Eureka Rebellion
1670:Katherine Knight
1607:
1600:
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1593:
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1501:Brides of Christ
1479:Against the Wind
1376:Northern Ireland
1363:
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1300:
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1171:Sisters of Mercy
1167:Archbishop Duhig
1155:Archbishop Kelly
1031:Gerard Henderson
969:Anthony Albanese
905:Eureka Rebellion
872:Deaf instruction
857:Banzsl languages
734:'s struggle for
673:Northern Ireland
669:assisted passage
661:British subjects
657:Irish Free State
580:
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320:Manx Australians
163:Total population
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3646:The Fatal Shore
3616:Hall, Barbara,
3599:
3597:Further reading
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2411:Irish Americans
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2284:Schindler's Ark
2277:Thomas Keneally
1834:Tony Fitzgerald
1784:Chris Hemsworth
1766:William McMahon
1608:
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1495:The Last Outlaw
1472:The Australian
1451:
1449:Popular culture
1442:
1434:South Australia
1414:New South Wales
1387:New South Wales
1364:
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1252:Australasia GAA
1243:Irish Catholics
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1125:South Australia
1113:
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976:New South Wales
945:
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893:John O'Shanassy
888:
839:) arrived with
829:
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748:New South Wales
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655:status for the
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547:External videos
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384:Gael-Astrálaigh
336:Irish Canadians
324:Irish Americans
275:Presbyterianism
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135:Gael-Astrálaigh
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4005:Sierra Leonean
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3728:External links
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3564:"Johnny Logan"
3554:
3528:
3502:
3484:
3471:www.nma.gov.au
3457:
3420:
3384:
3364:
3359:"ABS Ancestry"
3350:
3324:www.abs.gov.au
3310:
3290:www.dss.gov.au
3274:
3261:
3241:
3226:
3204:
3196:Sophie McGrath
3188:
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3118:978-1864470475
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2765:10.1086/386032
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2569:. 7 July 2022.
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2426:Irish diaspora
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2359:Ireland portal
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2298:Peter Cosgrove
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2114:Gerard Brennan
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2092:Millie Peacock
2089:
2071:
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2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1997:
1991:
1988:Rupert Murdoch
1985:
1979:
1970:Sarah Frances
1968:
1962:
1951:Canada Masters
1937:
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1928:Liverpool, NSW
1913:
1891:
1876:Edward Cassidy
1873:
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1824:Frank Costigan
1821:
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1790:Liam Hemsworth
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1778:Luke Hemsworth
1775:
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1459:"John O'Brien"
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1146:Fr James Dixon
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1104:Irish Catholic
1082:
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887:
884:
841:Dominican Nuns
831:Alongside the
825:Main article:
822:
819:
786:Gaelic revival
744:Irish speakers
718:
717:Irish language
715:
702:
699:
688:The historian
681:
678:
671:. People from
637:Catalpa rescue
625:Norfolk Island
593:
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296:Overseas Irish
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3:
2:
6362:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Ethnic groups
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Manufacturing
5979:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5835:Republicanism
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5790:National debt
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5299:Great Britain
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:United States
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5096:
5091:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5063:
5059:
5056:according to
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5019:New Zealander
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:East Timorese
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:South African
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:Documentary:
3798:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:Jupp, James.
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3587:
3581:
3565:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3064:9781925138344
3060:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2942:
2935:
2926:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2905:Noone, p. 44.
2902:
2893:
2884:
2874:
2865:
2859:Hall, p. 238.
2856:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2821:
2814:. ANU: 55–84.
2813:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2759:(3): 250–79.
2758:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2363:
2360:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:Norman Gilroy
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:Glenn McGrath
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:Melissa Doyle
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:Mabo decision
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:Nicole Kidman
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:Geoffrey Rush
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:Michael Dwyer
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:William Barak
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:, Australian
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:Joseph Cahill
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:Arthur Fadden
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:Julia Gillard
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1603:
1595:
1592:February 2023
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553: –
1552:
1548:
1547:Find sources:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:This section
1523:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1486:'s 1948 book
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:Said Hanrahan
1460:
1456:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1362:
1359:
1351:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309: –
1308:
1304:
1303:Find sources:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1281:This section
1279:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1099:Irish culture
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:Joseph Cahill
981:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:James Scullin
950:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
915:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
798:Gaelic League
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
714:
712:
708:
698:
694:
691:
686:
677:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
648:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
611:Young Ireland
608:
604:
600:
591:
587:
585:
574:
571:
567:
565:
561:
550:
545:
538:
523:
520:
512:
501:
498:
494:
491:
487:
484:
480:
477:
473:
470: –
469:
465:
464:Find sources:
458:
454:
448:
447:
442:This section
440:
436:
431:
430:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
362:
357:
349:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:Irish Britons
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
276:
272:
267:
263:
258:
255:
251:
247:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
161:
154:
149:
143:
136:
130:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
6310:Bibliography
6197:Architecture
6154:Prostitution
6137:Demographics
6102:Homelessness
6001:Reserve Bank
5815:Conservatism
5763:Constitution
5731:Human rights
5689:Constitution
5640:Subdivisions
5421:Bibliography
5326:
5240:Scotch-Irish
5230:Philadelphia
5210:Indianapolis
5131:Newfoundland
4808:North Africa
4602:
4597:
4583:Anglo-Celtic
4136:Puerto Rican
3789:. Retrieved
3784:
3769:. Retrieved
3762:
3746:. Retrieved
3739:
3720:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3686:
3667:
3652:
3645:
3628:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3580:
3568:. Retrieved
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3541:the original
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3515:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3470:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3443:
3439:
3423:
3397:. Retrieved
3387:
3367:
3353:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3294:the original
3289:
3277:
3269:
3264:
3248:
3244:
3233:
3229:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:
3108:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3085:
3053:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3013:
2994:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2945:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2915:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2887:Noone, p.41.
2883:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2807:
2789:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2721:|title=
2702:16 September
2700:. Retrieved
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2649:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2622:The Guardian
2621:
2611:
2597:
2586:
2575:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2516:
2507:
2499:the original
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2460:
2416:Irish people
2338:Sidney Nolan
2334:, politician
2326:Damien Leith
2288:Booker Prize
2197:Heath Ledger
2054:Paddy Hannan
1972:Fanny Durack
1965:Mick Fanning
1912:-willam clan
1808:Joseph Lyons
1746:Johnny Logan
1598:
1589:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1546:
1534:Please help
1529:verification
1526:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1477:
1471:
1452:
1443:
1403:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1354:
1345:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1302:
1290:Please help
1285:verification
1282:
1255:
1248:gaelic games
1241:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1139:
1114:
1084:
1052:
1048:
1035:Frank Devine
1019:Joseph Lyons
1016:
996:Ted Theodore
988:Jack Renshaw
980:James McGirr
973:
965:Paul Keating
946:
921:
912:Henry Parkes
909:
889:
865:
830:
811:Modern Irish
783:
756:
741:
725:
711:Great Famine
704:
695:
687:
683:
649:
645:
635:, where the
596:
583:
582:Part Two of
563:
559:
558:Part One of
515:
506:
496:
489:
482:
475:
463:
451:Please help
446:verification
443:
404:
399:Irish famine
392:
375:
374:
288:Irish people
200:
196:
187:
178:
168:
123:Ethnic group
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
6272:Anglosphere
6112:Immigration
6077:Citizenship
5944:Agriculture
5830:Nationalism
5773:Enforcement
5746:Transgender
5580:Earthquakes
5568:Environment
5502:Immigration
5431:Archaeology
5332:New Zealand
5205:Holyoke, MA
5168:Saint Kitts
5163:Puerto Rico
5002:Indo-Fijian
4870:Palestinian
4804:Middle East
4730:Montenegrin
4506:Singaporean
4343:Indo-Fijian
4208:Bangladeshi
4203:Azerbaijani
3920:Cameroonian
3670:: 135–156.
3620:(Hall 2006)
3477:10 December
3303:10 December
2975:24 December
2381:Australians
2332:Ben Chifley
2316:Shane Lowry
2263:Reformation
2203:Mick Doohan
2189:to lead an
2169:Pat O'Shane
2108:John McEwen
2102:Frank Forde
2074:H. V. Evatt
2068:John Curtin
1944:world No. 1
1844:Ben Chifley
1760:Steve Irwin
1726:John Howard
1698:Errol Flynn
1688:Peter Lalor
1682:Helen Reddy
1436:(119,063).
1264:Present day
1121:Freemasonry
1087:St. Patrick
961:Ben Chifley
957:John Curtin
918:World War I
901:Peter Lalor
899:(1871–72).
292:Australians
271:Anglicanism
268:(majority),
266:Catholicism
190:(by birth,
6339:Categories
6262:Television
6232:Literature
6117:Irreligion
6097:Healthcare
6092:Euthanasia
6072:Censorship
5879:Government
5825:Liberalism
5795:Parliament
5507:Indigenous
5497:Federation
5487:Diplomatic
5461:Since 1945
5426:Prehistory
5348:Wild Geese
5215:Louisville
5158:Montserrat
5014:Ni-Vanuatu
4745:Portuguese
4720:Macedonian
4715:Lithuanian
4630:Belarusian
4548:Vietnamese
4511:Sri Lankan
4375:Indonesian
4151:Venezuelan
4141:Salvadoran
4126:Paraguayan
4121:Panamanian
4106:Guatemalan
4101:Ecuadorian
4035:Zimbabwean
4000:Senegalese
3865:Indigenous
3683:Noone, Val
3676:Q107340724
3566:. allmusic
3399:11 October
3329:11 October
3212:Irish Echo
2681:11 October
2650:Abs.gov.au
2627:11 October
2527:11 October
2452:References
2310:East Timor
2235:bushranger
2231:lay reader
2173:magistrate
2016:Rose Byrne
2000:Kevin Rudd
1940:Pat Rafter
1910:Wurundjeri
1796:Paul Hogan
1752:, born in
1732:Jim Stynes
1716:Alan Joyce
1634:Slim Dusty
1562:newspapers
1474:miniseries
1418:Queensland
1395:Queensland
1318:newspapers
1256:Phoenix FC
1219:Irish Echo
1175:Brigidines
1091:republican
1012:Vince Gair
1008:Ned Hanlon
992:T. J. Ryan
937:Royal Navy
929:T. J. Ryan
855:and other
835:, ISL (or
707:workhouses
641:Rockingham
479:newspapers
277:(minority)
238:Gold Coast
71:newspapers
6169:Squatting
6122:Languages
6087:Education
6067:Aged care
6031:Transport
5840:Socialism
5820:Far-right
5810:Christian
5805:Anarchism
5768:Judiciary
5704:Donations
5699:Elections
5610:Mountains
5558:Continent
5536:Geography
5456:1901–1945
5451:1851–1900
5446:1788–1850
5392:Australia
5327:Australia
5190:Baltimore
5143:Caribbean
5116:Argentina
4845:Jordanian
4795:Ukrainian
4735:Norwegian
4700:Icelandic
4695:Hungarian
4640:Bulgarian
4469:Pakistani
4459:Mongolian
4454:Maldivian
4432:Malaysian
4400:Sundanese
4279:Taiwanese
4267:Cantonese
4262:Hong Kong
4247:Cambodian
4220:Bhutanese
4146:Uruguayan
4091:Colombian
4081:Brazilian
4071:Argentine
4015:Tanzanian
3985:Mauritian
3935:Ethiopian
3925:Congolese
3915:Burundian
3771:5 October
3748:4 October
3662:(1889). "
3639:Q19090948
3521:8 October
3249:An Lúibín
2781:162223882
2213:Ken Wyatt
1976:freestyle
1934:Les Darcy
1754:Melbourne
1624:Ned Kelly
1484:Ruth Park
1232:An Lúibín
1067:Melbourne
1063:Ned Kelly
1059:sectarian
1055:Catholics
807:Old Irish
790:Melbourne
771:Tipperary
736:Home Rule
584:Booknotes
560:Booknotes
244:Languages
222:Melbourne
197:7,000,000
169:2,410,833
101:July 2024
6319:Category
6164:Religion
6062:Abortion
6016:Taxation
5785:Monarchy
5780:Military
5736:Intersex
5672:Politics
5653:Capitals
5517:Monarchy
5512:Military
5492:Economic
5470:By topic
5416:Timeline
5396:articles
5304:Scotland
5245:Syracuse
5235:St. Paul
5220:New York
5148:Barbados
5109:Americas
4971:Sudanese
4951:Mandaean
4917:Chaldean
4897:Assyrian
4890:Tunisian
4865:Moroccan
4855:Lebanese
4830:Egyptian
4825:Bahraini
4820:Algerian
4755:Romanian
4670:Estonian
4645:Croatian
4620:Austrian
4608:Scottish
4578:Albanian
4437:Bruneian
4407:Japanese
4395:Madurese
4390:Javanese
4385:Balinese
4380:Acehnese
4348:Malayali
4338:Gujarati
4323:Georgian
4318:Filipino
4198:Armenian
4158:Jamaican
4131:Peruvian
4111:Honduran
4076:Bolivian
4056:Canadian
4051:American
4044:Americas
4020:Togolese
3990:Nigerian
3975:Malawian
3970:Liberian
3950:Ghanaian
3940:Gabonese
3930:Eritrean
3910:Beninese
3672:Wikidata
3635:Wikidata
3627:(1888),
3547:20 March
3431:(2019).
3409:cite web
3376:Archived
3339:cite web
3219:Archived
3036:Politics
2947:14 April
2712:cite web
2345:See also
2340:, artist
2328:, singer
2267:Cold War
2006:in 2008.
1957:and the
1455:Riverina
1422:Tasmania
1410:Victoria
1391:Victoria
1348:May 2024
886:Politics
779:Kilkenny
775:Limerick
759:Victoria
653:Dominion
599:convicts
509:May 2024
260:Religion
226:Brisbane
6296:Outline
6267:Theatre
6257:Symbols
6222:Cuisine
6189:Culture
6050:Society
6026:Tourism
5996:Poverty
5932:Economy
5714:Parties
5615:Regions
5605:Islands
5600:Geology
5595:Forests
5563:Deserts
5548:Climate
5522:Railway
5404:History
5320:Oceania
5252:Uruguay
5200:Chicago
5153:Jamaica
4990:Oceania
4976:Turkish
4946:Kurdish
4937:Israeli
4932:Iranian
4850:Kuwaiti
4835:Emirati
4785:Swedish
4780:Spanish
4775:Slovene
4765:Serbian
4760:Russian
4725:Maltese
4710:Latvian
4705:Italian
4680:Finnish
4650:Cypriot
4635:Bosnian
4625:Belgian
4593:English
4588:Cornish
4538:Turkmen
4489:Punjabi
4484:Pashtun
4442:Kadazan
4427:Laotian
4353:Punjabi
4333:Bengali
4301:Tibetan
4252:Chinese
4225:Burmese
4213:Bengali
4191:Pashtun
4116:Mexican
4086:Chilean
4030:Zambian
4025:Ugandan
3995:Rwandan
3960:Ivorian
3955:Guinean
3945:Gambian
3905:Angolan
3791:30 June
3450:29 June
3446:: 39–61
3361:. 2012.
3234:Tinteán
3092:30 June
2655:28 July
2475:27 July
2322:player.
2221:cabinet
1959:US Open
1920:Wicklow
1880:prelate
1802:Jimeoin
1576:scholar
1457:priest
1332:scholar
1225:Tinteán
876:oralism
763:Bendigo
732:Parnell
701:Orphans
609:or the
493:scholar
425:History
234:Bunbury
203:of the
181:of the
85:scholar
6324:Portal
6217:Cinema
6159:Racism
6132:People
5991:Mining
5954:Energy
5949:Dollar
5694:Courts
5684:Asylum
5658:Cities
5625:Rivers
5573:issues
5394:
5311:Russia
5287:Europe
5195:Boston
5180:Mexico
5136:Quebec
5126:Canada
5121:Brazil
5046:Tongan
5036:Samoan
5009:Niuean
4997:Fijian
4981:Yezidi
4956:Nubian
4941:Jewish
4922:Darfur
4912:Coptic
4907:Berber
4885:Syrian
4880:Somali
4860:Libyan
4770:Slovak
4750:Romani
4740:Polish
4685:German
4675:French
4660:Danish
4570:Europe
4501:Pathan
4494:Sindhi
4479:Hazara
4474:Baloch
4464:Nepali
4422:Kyrgyz
4417:Korean
4412:Kazakh
4368:Telugu
4358:Sindhi
4328:Indian
4306:Uyghur
4186:Hazara
4181:Afghan
3980:Malian
3965:Kenyan
3897:Africa
3787:. 2020
3715:online
3674:
3655:(2002)
3637:
3570:16 May
3146:5 June
3115:
3088:. 2020
3061:
3001:
2917:Feasta
2779:
2773:176082
2771:
2646:(XLSX)
2550:
2320:soccer
2086:Israel
1947:tennis
1720:Qantas
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1238:Sports
1185:. The
1163:Mannix
1129:Ulster
1111:Orange
1071:Sydney
1045:Status
1010:, and
931:, the
927:, and
880:audism
868:Auslan
853:Auslan
813:, and
794:Sydney
629:Fenian
605:, the
590:C-SPAN
570:C-SPAN
495:
488:
481:
474:
466:
419:Dublin
218:Sydney
188:80,927
138:
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
6303:Index
6252:Sport
6247:Radio
6237:Music
6227:Dance
6179:Women
6082:Crime
5986:Media
5852:Women
5590:Fauna
5585:Flora
5278:Japan
5273:India
5225:Omaha
5175:Chile
5024:Māori
4927:Dinka
4875:Saudi
4840:Iraqi
4790:Swiss
4690:Greek
4665:Dutch
4655:Czech
4613:Welsh
4598:Irish
4553:Hmong
4543:Uzbek
4528:Tatar
4523:Tajik
4516:Tamil
4447:Temoq
4363:Tamil
4294:Hoklo
4284:Hakka
4257:Hmong
4235:Karen
4096:Cuban
3436:(PDF)
3297:(PDF)
3286:(PDF)
2777:S2CID
2769:JSTOR
1583:JSTOR
1569:books
1339:JSTOR
1325:books
1213:Media
767:Clare
500:JSTOR
486:books
407:Irish
388:Irish
380:Irish
230:Perth
142:Irish
92:JSTOR
78:books
6207:Arts
5916:list
5904:list
5892:list
5741:LGBT
5266:Asia
5060:and
4961:Nuer
4902:Bari
4815:Arab
4558:Mien
4533:Thai
4274:Mien
4230:Chin
4173:Asia
3793:2021
3773:2015
3750:2015
3606:1984
3572:2020
3549:2012
3523:2011
3479:2018
3452:2021
3415:link
3401:2017
3345:link
3331:2017
3305:2018
3148:2021
3113:ISBN
3094:2021
3059:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2977:2022
2949:2017
2878:227.
2725:help
2704:2024
2683:2017
2657:2022
2629:2017
2548:ISBN
2529:2017
2477:2022
1888:Jews
1738:and
1555:news
1498:and
1453:The
1311:news
1217:The
1197:and
1181:and
1173:and
1161:and
1159:Carr
1153:and
1140:The
1069:and
1037:and
986:and
963:and
878:and
809:and
792:and
784:The
777:and
618:1804
472:news
192:2021
179:9.5%
173:2021
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6202:Art
5758:Law
4806:and
4240:Mon
3666:".
2761:doi
2495:DFA
2060:in
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89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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