Operation Overlord

3786:, rather than the expected single regiment. Strong currents forced many landing craft east of their intended position or delayed them. Casualties were heavier than all the other landings combined, as the men were subjected to fire from the cliffs above. Problems clearing the beach of obstructions led to the beachmaster calling a halt to further landings of vehicles at 08:30. A group of destroyers arrived around this time to offer supporting artillery fire. Exit from Omaha was possible only via five gullies, and by late morning barely six hundred men had reached the higher ground. By noon, as the artillery fire took its toll and the Germans started to run out of ammunition, the Americans were able to clear some lanes on the beaches. They also started clearing the draws of enemy defences so that vehicles could move off the beach. The tenuous beachhead was expanded over the following days, and the D-Day objectives were accomplished by D+3 (9 June). 3383: 2989: 217: 4201:

Fortitude were successful, leaving the Germans obliged to defend a huge stretch of coastline. The Allies achieved and maintained air superiority, which meant that the Germans were unable to make observations of the preparations underway in Britain and were unable to interfere via bomber attacks. Transport infrastructure in France was severely disrupted by Allied bombers and the French Resistance, making it difficult for the Germans to bring up reinforcements and supplies. Much of the opening artillery barrage was off-target or not concentrated enough to have any impact, but the specialised armour worked well except on Omaha, providing close artillery support for the troops as they disembarked onto the beaches. The indecisiveness and overly complicated command structure of the German high command was also a factor in the Allied success.

4252:

Zetterling notes that OB West's figures for summer 1944 in the west (thus including in its scope Operation Dragoon in southern France) amounted to 289,000: 23,019 killed, 67,060 wounded, and 198,616 missing. He states that the record is generally reliable, but also that it might have underestimated losses in some places, such as Cherbourg. Zetterling goes on to estimate specifically German army casualties in the Normandy region specifically from June 6 to August as 210,000; however, he also notes that "the Germans most likely suffered further manpower losses when air or naval bases were overrun. On this no figures have been available for this study." Other sources arrive at higher estimates: 400,000 (200,000 killed or wounded and a further 200,000 captured), 500,000 (290,000 killed or wounded, 210,000 captured), to 530,000 in total.

4270: 3661:, and even on the east coast for men who would be coming across in later waves. A complex system called Movement Control assured that the men and vehicles left on schedule from twenty departure points. Some men had to board their craft nearly a week before departure. The ships met at a rendezvous point (nicknamed "Piccadilly Circus") south-east of the Isle of Wight to assemble into convoys to cross the Channel. Minesweepers began clearing lanes on the evening of 5 June, and a thousand bombers left before dawn to attack the coastal defences. Some 1,200 aircraft departed England just before midnight to transport three airborne divisions to their drop zones behind enemy lines several hours before the beach landings. The American 4018: 4087:

resistance and captured Falaise on 16 August. The gap was closed on 21 August, trapping 50,000 German troops but more than a third of the German 7th Army and the remnants of nine of the eleven Panzer divisions had escaped to the east. Montgomery's decision-making regarding the Falaise Gap was criticised at the time by American commanders, especially Patton, although Bradley was more sympathetic and believed Patton would not have been able to close the gap. The issue has been the subject of much discussion among historians, criticism being levelled at American, British and Canadian forces. Hitler relieved Kluge of his command of OB West on 15 August and replaced him with Field Marshal

3202:, moved into the area to bolster the illusion that a large force was gathering there. As well as the broadcast of fake radio-traffic, genuine radio messages from 21st Army Group were first routed to Kent via landline and then broadcast, to give the Germans the impression that most of the Allied troops were stationed there. Patton remained stationed in England until 6 July, thus continuing to deceive the Germans into believing a second attack would take place at Calais. Military and civilian personnel alike were aware of the need for secrecy, and the invasion troops were as much as possible kept isolated, especially in the period immediately before the invasion. American general 3339:. The Allies wanted to schedule the landings for shortly before dawn, midway between low and high tide, with the tide coming in. This would improve the visibility of obstacles the enemy had placed on the beach while minimising the amount of time the men had to spend exposed in the open. Specific criteria were also set for wind speed, visibility, and cloud cover. Eisenhower had tentatively selected 5 June as the date for the assault; however, on 4 June, conditions were clearly unsuitable for a landing, as high winds and heavy seas made it impossible to launch landing craft, and low clouds would prevent aircraft from finding their targets. 364: 4215: 3057: 3868:, Caen, and Bayeux on the first day, with all the beaches (other than Utah), linked with a front line 10 to 16 kilometres (6 to 10 mi) from the beaches; none of these objectives was achieved. The five bridgeheads were not connected until 12 June, by which time the Allies held a front around 97 kilometres (60 mi) long and 24 kilometres (15 mi) deep. Caen, a major objective, was still in German hands at the end of D-Day and would not be completely captured until 21 July. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on 6 June, and more than two million Allied troops were in France by the end of August. 3728: 610: 424: 2819:, with two more divisions in support. The two generals immediately insisted on expanding the scale of the initial invasion to five divisions, with airborne descents by three additional divisions, to allow operations on a wider front and to speed up the capture of the port at Cherbourg. This significant expansion required the acquisition of additional landing craft, which caused the invasion to be delayed by a month until June 1944. Eventually the Allies committed 39 divisions to the Battle of Normandy: 22 American, 12 British, three Canadian, one Polish, and one French, totalling over a million troops. 545: 527: 507: 177: 640: 630: 387: 231: 203: 12497: 3767:, was to scale the 30 metres (98 ft) cliffs with ropes and ladders to destroy the gun battery located there. While under fire from above, the men scaled the cliff, only to discover that the guns had already been withdrawn. The Rangers located the weapons, unguarded but ready to use, in an orchard some 550 metres (600 yd) south of the point, and disabled them. Under attack, the men at the point became isolated, and some were captured. By dawn on D+1 (7 June), Rudder had only 90 men able to fight. Relief did not come until D+2 (8 June), when members of the 3358:, Eisenhower's chief of staff, were eager to launch the invasion. Admiral Bertram Ramsay was prepared to commit his ships, while Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory expressed concern that the conditions would be unfavourable for Allied aircraft. After much discussion, Eisenhower decided that the invasion should go ahead. Allied control of the Atlantic meant that German meteorologists did not have access to as much information as the Allies on incoming weather patterns. As the Luftwaffe meteorological centre in Paris predicted two weeks of stormy weather, many 350: 4331: 12658: 3790: 400: 243: 3849: 4227:. The Allied air forces, having flown 480,317 sorties in support of the invasion, lost 4,101 aircraft and 16,714 airmen (8,536 members of the USAAF, and 8,178 flying under the command of the RAF). The Free French SAS paratroopers suffered 77 killed, with 197 wounded and missing. Allied tank losses have been estimated at 4,000, with losses split evenly between the American and British/Canadian armies. Historians slightly differ on overall casualties during the campaign, with the lowest losses totaling 225,606 and the highest at 226,386. 4297:) emphasising the need to limit the destruction to French heritage sites. These sites, named in the Official Civil Affairs Lists of Monuments, were not to be used by troops unless permission was received from the upper echelons of the chain of command. Nevertheless, church spires and other stone buildings throughout the area were damaged or destroyed to prevent them being used by the Germans. Efforts were made to prevent reconstruction workers from using rubble from important ruins to repair roads, and to search for artefacts. The 299: 3269: 271: 12432: 620: 487: 472: 457: 443: 284: 190: 325: 3323: 4236: 3932: 257: 2828: 4148: 313: 70: 3221:, a Spanish opponent of the Nazis known by the code name "Garbo", developed over the two years leading up to D-Day a fake network of informants that the Germans believed were collecting intelligence on their behalf. In the months preceding D-Day, Pujol sent hundreds of messages to his superiors in Madrid, messages specially prepared by the British intelligence service to convince the Germans that the attack would come in July at Calais. 337: 3740:

advance about 4 miles (6.4 km), making contact with the 101st Airborne Division. The airborne landings west of Utah were not very successful, as only ten per cent of the paratroopers landed in their drop zones. Gathering the men together into fighting units was made difficult by a shortage of radios and by the terrain, with its hedgerows, stone walls and marshes. The 82nd Airborne Division captured its primary objective at

4456:

September 1944. This source shows the number killed in action during the Battle of Normandy (6 June – 24 July 1944) as 13,959 and Northern France (25 July to 14 September 1944) as 15,239 for a total of 29,198. Total deaths among battle casualties (including accidental deaths, disease, etc) for Normandy (6 June – 24 July 1944) were 16,293 and in Northern France (25 July – 14 September 1944) were 17,844, for a total of 34,137.

3617: 3524: 4370: 3578:

wire, booby traps, and the removal of ground cover made the approach hazardous for infantry. On Rommel's order, the number of mines along the coast was tripled. Given the Allied air supremacy (4,029 Allied aircraft assigned to operations in Normandy plus 5,514 aircraft assigned to bombing and defence, versus 570 Luftwaffe planes stationed in France and the Low Countries), booby-trapped stakes known as

3482:, which no longer allowed any transfers from the west to the east. There were also transfers to the Italian front: von Rundstedt complained that many of his best units had been sent on a "fool's errand" to Italy, saying it was "madness ... that frightful boot of a country should have been evacuated ... we should have held a decent front with a few divisions on the Alpine frontier." 3891:, with thorny hedgerows on embankments 3 to 4 feet (0.91 to 1.2 m) high with a ditch on either side. Many areas were additionally protected by rifle pits and machine-gun emplacements. Most of the roads were too narrow for tanks. The Germans had flooded the fields behind Utah with sea water for up to 2 miles (3.2 km) from the coast. German forces on the peninsula included the 2792:, then still under development. The Germans regarded it as the most likely initial landing zone and accordingly made it the most heavily fortified region; however, it offered the Allies few opportunities for expansion as the area is bounded by numerous rivers and canals. On the other hand, landings on a broad front in Normandy would permit simultaneous threats against the port of 3076:, the Allies developed new technologies for Overlord. To supplement the preliminary offshore bombardment and aerial assaults, some of the landing craft were equipped with artillery and anti-tank guns to provide close supporting fire. The Allies had decided not to immediately attack any of the heavily protected French ports and two artificial ports, called 3603:), and other senior commanders believed that the invasion could not be stopped on the beaches. Geyr argued for a conventional doctrine: keeping the Panzer formations concentrated in a central position around Paris and Rouen and deploying them only when the main Allied beachhead had been identified. Geyr also noted that in the 4223:

First Canadian and Second British Armies are placed at 83,045: 15,995 killed, 57,996 wounded, and 9,054 missing. Of these, Canadian losses amounted to 18,444, with 5,021 killed in action. One in seven Canadian soldiers killed between 6–11 June were killed after surrendering, in a series of executions that would be named the

2796:, coastal ports further west in Brittany, and an overland attack towards Paris and eventually into Germany. The Allies therefore chose Normandy as the landing site. The most serious drawback of the Normandy coast – the lack of port facilities – would be overcome through the development and deployment of artificial harbours. 3304:

communication with the outside world. Troops were briefed using maps that were correct in every detail except for the place names, and most were not told their actual destination until they were already at sea. A news blackout in Britain increased the effectiveness of the deception operations. Travel to and from the

3478:, 507th Heavy Panzer Battalion and the 311th and 322nd StuG Assault Gun Brigades. All told, the German forces stationed in France were deprived of 45,827 troops and 363 tanks, assault guns, and self-propelled anti-tank guns. It was the first major transfer of forces from France to the east since the creation of 4251:

German forces in France reported losses of 158,930 men between D-Day and 14 August, just before the start of Operation Dragoon in Southern France. In action at the Falaise pocket, 50,000 men were lost, of whom 10,000 were killed and 40,000 captured. Sources vary on the total German casualties. Niklas

4247:

Allied forces in northern France reported the capture of 47,000 Germans in June, 36,000 in July, and 150,000 in August, a total of 233,000 for the three months of Overlord. Around 80,000 German soldiers are buried in Normandy, although this figure does include an unreported number of Germans who died

3823:

Landings of infantry at Juno were delayed because of rough seas, and the men arrived ahead of their supporting armour, suffering many casualties while disembarking. Most of the offshore bombardment had missed the German defences. In spite of these difficulties, the Canadians quickly cleared the beach

3811:

At Gold, high winds made conditions difficult for the landing craft, and the amphibious DD tanks were landed close to shore or directly on the beach instead of further out as planned. Aerial attacks had failed to hit the Le Hamel strongpoint, and its 75 mm gun continued to do damage until 16:00.

3641:

You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the

3828:

led to congestion on the beach, but by nightfall, the contiguous Juno and Gold beachheads covered an area 12 miles (19 km) wide and 7 miles (10 km) deep. One troop of the 1st Hussar Tank Regiment was the only Allied unit to achieve its objective on the first day of the invasion. Casualties

3373:

Had Eisenhower postponed the invasion again, the next available period with the right combination of tides (but without the desirable full moon) was two weeks later, from 18 to 20 June. As it happened, during this period the invaders would have encountered a major storm lasting four days, between 19

3303:

Allied planners considered tactical surprise to be a necessary element of the plan for the landings. Information on the exact date and location of the landings was provided only to the topmost levels of the armed forces. Men were sealed into their marshalling areas at the end of May, with no further

3299:

in Scotland. Naval exercises took place in Northern Ireland, and medical teams in London and elsewhere rehearsed how they would handle the expected waves of casualties. Paratroopers conducted exercises, including a huge demonstration drop on 23 March 1944 observed by Churchill, Eisenhower, and other

4483:

The British 79th Armoured Division never operated as a single formation, and thus has been excluded from the total. In addition, a combined total of 16 (three from the 79th Armoured Division) British, Belgian, Canadian, and Dutch independent brigades were committed to the operation, along with four

4200:

Victory in Normandy stemmed from several factors. German preparations along the Atlantic Wall were only partially finished; shortly before D-Day Rommel reported that construction was only 18 per cent complete in some areas as resources were diverted elsewhere. The deceptions undertaken in Operation

4130:

on the morning of 27 August. The area was strongly held; the 4th and 6th Canadian brigades suffered many casualties over the course of three days as the Germans fought a delaying action in terrain well suited to defence. The Germans pulled back on 29 August, withdrawing over the Seine the next day.

3693:). Some 132,000 men were transported by sea on D-Day, and a further 24,000 came by air. Preliminary naval bombardment commenced at 05:45 and continued until 06:25 from five battleships, twenty cruisers, sixty-five destroyers, and two monitors. Infantry began arriving on the beaches at around 06:30. 4158:

Eisenhower took direct command of all Allied ground forces on 1 September. Concerned about German counter-attacks and the limited materiel arriving in France, he decided to continue operations on a broad front rather than attempting narrow thrusts. The linkup of the Normandy forces with the Allied

3607:

the armour stationed near the coast had been damaged by naval bombardment. Rommel's opinion was that because of the overwhelming Allied air superiority, large-scale movement of tanks would not be possible once the invasion was underway. Hitler made the final decision: he left three divisions under

3540:

and Dieppe in 1942, Hitler ordered the construction of fortifications all along the Atlantic coast, from Spain to Norway, to protect against an expected Allied invasion. He envisioned 15,000 emplacements manned by 300,000 troops, but due to shortages, particularly of concrete and manpower, most of

4281:

During the liberation of Normandy, between 13,632 and 19,890 French civilians were killed, and more were seriously wounded. In addition to those who died during the campaign, 11,000 to 19,000 Normans are estimated to have been killed during pre-invasion bombing. A total of 70,000 French civilians

4222:

From D-Day to 21 August, the Allies landed 2,052,299 men in northern France. The cost of the Normandy campaign was high for both sides. Between 6 June and the end of August, the American armies suffered 124,394 casualties, of whom 20,668 were killed, and 10,128 were missing. Casualties within the

3739:

assaulting Utah were pushed by the current to a spot about 1,800 metres (2,000 yd) south of their intended landing zone. The troops met light resistance, suffering fewer than 200 casualties. Their efforts to push inland fell far short of their targets for the first day, but they were able to

3577:

to be placed on the beach to delay the approach of landing craft and to impede the movement of tanks. Expecting the Allies to land at high tide so that the infantry would spend less time exposed on the beach, he ordered many of these obstacles to be placed at the high-tide mark. Tangles of barbed

3000:

flew over 3,200 photo-reconnaissance sorties from April 1944 until 6 June. Photos of the coastline were taken at extremely low altitude to show the invaders the terrain, obstacles on the beach, and defensive structures such as bunkers and gun emplacements. To conceal the location of the invasion,

4341:

The beaches of Normandy are still known by their invasion code names. Significant places have plaques, memorials, or small museums, and guide books and maps are available. Some of the German strong points remain preserved; Pointe du Hoc, in particular, is little changed from 1944. The remains of

4260:

of 21st Army Group indicates that the Allies destroyed around 550 tanks in June and July and another 500 in August, for a total of 1,050 tanks destroyed, including 100 destroyed by aircraft. Luftwaffe losses amounted to 2,127 aircraft. By the end of the Normandy campaign, 55 German divisions (42

3652:

By May 1944, 1.5 million American troops had arrived in the United Kingdom. Most were housed in temporary camps in the south-west of England, ready to move across the Channel to the western section of the landing zone. British and Canadian troops were billeted in accommodation further east,

3552:

A report by Rundstedt to Hitler in October 1943 regarding the weak defences in France led to the appointment of Rommel to oversee the construction of further fortifications along the expected invasion-front, which stretched from the Netherlands to Cherbourg. Rommel was given command of the newly

4530:

The most common tank/assault gun deployed at Normandy by the Germans was by far the Panzer IV, followed by the Panther (650) and Stug III (550). Also present were 120–130 Tiger Is, 20 Tiger IIs, and smaller numbers of other types, including Marder and Jagdpanther self-propelled anti-tank guns.

4455:

American casualties are sourced from the G-3 War Room Summary 91, dated 5 September 1944, covering the campaign. In 1953, the US Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General issued a final report on US casualties (excluding Air Force losses) for the period from 6 June to 14

4102:

The French Resistance in Paris rose against the Germans on 19 August. Eisenhower initially wanted to bypass the city to pursue other targets, but amid reports that the citizens were going hungry and Hitler's stated intention to destroy it, de Gaulle insisted that it should be taken immediately.

4081:

on 11 August. Although Hitler continued to insist until 14 August that his forces should counter-attack, Kluge and his officers began planning a retreat eastward. The German forces were severely hampered by Hitler's insistence on making all major decisions himself, which left his forces without

3832:

On Sword, 21 of 25 DD tanks succeeded in getting safely ashore to provide cover for the infantry, who began disembarking at 07:30. They quickly cleared the beach and created several exits for the tanks. In the windy conditions, the tide came in more quickly than expected, making manoeuvring the

3621: 4255:

There are no exact figures regarding German tank losses in Normandy. Approximately 2,300 tanks and assault guns were committed to the battle, of which only 100 to 120 crossed the Seine at the end of the campaign. While German forces reported only 481 tanks destroyed between D-day and 31 July,

4192:

The Normandy landings were the largest seaborne invasion in history, with nearly 5,000 landing and assault craft, 289 escort vessels, and 277 minesweepers. The opening of another front in western Europe was a tremendous psychological blow for Germany's military, who feared a repetition of the

4086:

in Bavaria. On the evening of 12 August, Patton asked Bradley if his forces should continue northward to close the gap and encircle the German forces. Bradley refused because Montgomery had already assigned the First Canadian Army to take the territory from the north. The Canadians met heavy

3856:

The first components of the Mulberry harbours were brought across on D+1 (7 June) and the structures were in use for unloading by mid-June. One was constructed at Arromanches by the British, the other at Omaha by the Americans. Severe storms on 19 June interrupted the landing of supplies and

3619: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3509:, had only arrived in March–May 1944 to France for extensive refit after being badly damaged during the Dnieper-Carpathian Offensive. Seven of the eleven panzer or panzergrenadier divisions stationed in France were still not fully operational or only partially mobile in early June 1944. 3625: 3568:

Rommel believed that the Normandy coast could be a possible landing point for the invasion, so he ordered the construction of extensive defensive works along that shore. In addition to concrete gun-emplacements at strategic points along the coast, he ordered wooden stakes,

4357:

and contains the remains of 9,388 American military dead, most of whom were killed during the invasion of Normandy and ensuing military operations in World War II. Included are graves of Army Air Corps crews shot down over France as early as 1942 and four American women.

3626: 3398:

Nazi Germany had at its disposal 50 divisions in France and the Low Countries, with another 18 stationed in Denmark and Norway. Fifteen divisions were in the process of formation in Germany, but there was no strategic reserve. The Calais region was defended by the

3155:), another design developed by Hobart's group, was a self-propelled amphibious tank kept afloat using a waterproof canvas screen inflated with compressed air. These tanks were easily swamped, and on D-Day, many sank before reaching the shore, especially at Omaha. 4057:

to protect their flank. By 3 August, Patton and the Third Army were able to leave a small force in Brittany and drive eastward towards the main concentration of German forces south of Caen. Over Kluge's objections, on 4 August Hitler ordered a counter-offensive

3622: 2854:, communications infrastructure and road and rail links were bombed to cut off the north of France and to make it more difficult to bring up reinforcements. These attacks were widespread so as to avoid revealing the exact location of the invasion. Elaborate 3177:

included Fortitude North, a misinformation campaign using fake radio-traffic to lead the Germans into expecting an attack on Norway, and Fortitude South, a major deception designed to fool the Germans into believing that the landings would take place at

3972:

with part of the 7th Armoured Division, while I Corps tried to pass Caen to the east. The attack by I Corps was quickly halted and XXX Corps briefly captured Villers-Bocage. Advanced elements of the British force were ambushed, initiating a day-long

2908:

to the south-east of Caen in order to protect the American flank, while establishing airfields near Caen. Possession of Caen and its surroundings would give the Anglo-Canadian forces a suitable staging area for a push south to capture the town of

4305:

near Le Mans from the start of the war, and survived intact. The occupying German forces also kept a list of protected buildings, but their intent was to keep the facilities in good condition for use as accommodation by German troops.

3334:

The invasion planners specified a set of conditions regarding the timing of the invasion, deeming only a few days in each month suitable. A full moon was desirable, as it would provide illumination for aircraft pilots and have the

3923:, took control of the peninsula in fierce fighting from 19 June; Cherbourg was captured on 26 June. By this time, the Germans had destroyed the port facilities, which were not brought back into full operation until September. 4294: 3903:. By D+3 the Allied commanders realised that Cherbourg would not quickly be taken, and decided to cut off the peninsula to prevent any further reinforcements from being brought in. After failed attempts by the inexperienced 3989:. Although the operation failed to take Caen, the Germans suffered many tank losses after committing every available Panzer unit to the operation. Rundstedt was dismissed on 1 July and replaced as OB West by Field Marshal 3886:

In the western part of the lodgement, US troops were to occupy the Cotentin Peninsula, especially Cherbourg, which would provide the Allies with a deep water harbour. The terrain behind Utah and Omaha was characterised by

2752:

of 19 August 1942, the Allies decided not to directly assault a heavily defended French seaport in their first landing. The failure at Dieppe also highlighted the need for adequate artillery and air support, particularly

2681:

in Western Europe. Churchill declined because he felt that even with American help the British did not have adequate forces to do it, and he wished to avoid costly frontal assaults such as those that had occurred at the

3557:, which included the 7th Army, the 15th Army, and the forces guarding the Netherlands. Nazi Germany's tangled command structure made it difficult for Rommel to achieve his task. He was not allowed to give orders to the 4321:

Looting was perpetrated by all sides: the retreating Germans, the invading Allies, and the local French population. Looting was never condoned by Allied forces, and those who were found to be looting were punished.

4261:

infantry and 13 panzer) had been rendered combat ineffective; seven of these were disbanded. By September, OB West had only 13 infantry divisions, 3 panzer divisions, and 2 panzer brigades rated as combat effective.

4511:

The German official history stated that Army Group G, which faced the Dragoon landings, suffered 141,000 casualties by mid-September. This figure is based on several internal reports and work conducted by German

4313:

there remained only 8,000 liveable quarters for a population of over 60,000. Of the 18 listed churches in Caen, four were seriously damaged and five were destroyed, along with 66 other listed monuments. In the

14029: 3594:

Rommel, believing that the Germans' best chance was to stop the invasion at the shore, requested that mobile reserves—especially tanks—be stationed as close to the coast as possible. Rundstedt, General

14034: 3545:

were never built. As the expected site of an Allied invasion, Pas de Calais was heavily defended. In the Normandy area the best fortifications were concentrated at the port facilities at Cherbourg and

3608:

Geyr's command and gave Rommel operational control of three tank-divisions as reserves. Hitler took personal control of four divisions as strategic reserves, not to be used without his direct orders.

2470: 3236:

that German radar operators interpreted as a naval convoy approaching Cap d'Antifer (about 80 km from the actual D-Day landings). The illusion was bolstered by a group of small vessels towing

3620: 3430:, meant the Germans no longer had a pool of able young men from which to draw. German soldiers were now on average six years older than their Allied counterparts. Many in the Normandy area were 3139:, which other tanks could use as a bridge to scale sea-walls or to overcome other obstacles. In some areas, the beaches consisted of a soft clay that could not support the weight of tanks. The 2765:

greatly limited the number of potential landing-sites, as comprehensive air support depended upon having planes overhead for as long as possible. Morgan considered four sites for the landings:

4193:

two-front war of World War I. The Normandy landings also heralded the start of the "race for Europe" between the Soviet forces and the Western powers, which some historians consider to be the

4171:

into Germany. The Allied advance slowed due to German resistance and the lack of supplies (especially fuel). On 16 December the Germans launched the Ardennes Offensive, also known as the

3861:

daily and was in continuous use for the next ten months, but most shipments were brought in over the beaches until the port of Cherbourg was cleared of mines and obstructions on 16 July.

3440:, Russia, Mongolia, and elsewhere. The Wehrmacht had provided them mainly with unreliable captured equipment; they lacked motorised transport. Formations that arrived later, such as the 2815:, which comprised all of the land forces involved in the invasion. On 31 December 1943, Eisenhower and Montgomery first saw the COSSAC plan, which proposed amphibious landings by three 4111:

arrived from the west on 24 August, while the U.S. 4th Infantry Division pressed up from the south. Scattered fighting continued throughout the night, and by the morning of 25 August

1618: 1421: 3283:, was evacuated in December 1943, and taken over by the armed forces as a site for training exercises that included the use of landing craft and the management of beach obstacles. A 14024: 14019: 3864:

Allied casualties on the first day were at least 10,000, with 4,414 confirmed dead. The Germans lost 1,000 men. The Allied invasion plans had called for the capture of Carentan,

3001:

sorties were flown along all European coastline. Inland terrain, bridges, troop emplacements, and buildings were also photographed, in many cases from several angles. Members of

3096:

shelters (codenamed "Gooseberries"). With the expectation that fuel would be difficult or impossible to obtain on the continent, the Allies built a "Pipe-Line Under The Ocean" (

2846:

and is often referred to as "D-Day". To gain the required air superiority needed to ensure a successful invasion, the Allies launched a strategic bombing campaign (codenamed

3350:, predicted that the weather would improve sufficiently so that the invasion could go ahead on 6 June. He met Eisenhower and other senior commanders at their headquarters at 3104:

to Cherbourg by D-Day plus 18. Technical problems and the delay in capturing Cherbourg meant the pipeline was not operational until 22 September. A second line was laid from

3048:, was broken by the end of March. German intelligence changed the Enigma codes after the Allied landings but by 17 June the Allies were again consistently able to read them. 8697: 2896:, and Caen. The Americans, assigned to land at Utah and Omaha, were to cut off the Cotentin Peninsula and capture the port facilities at Cherbourg. The British at Sword and 2733:

in Washington in May 1943 took the decision to launch a cross-Channel invasion within the next year. Churchill favoured making the main Allied thrust into Germany from the

3028:

worked to break codes as quickly as possible to provide advance information on German plans and troop movements. British military intelligence code-named this information

11003: 10748: 3147:(AVRE) was a Churchill tank modified for many combat engineering tasks, including laying bridges; it was armed with a demolition gun that could fire large charges into 10349: 3448: 12354: 10365: 13136: 13131: 12984: 10692: 8202:

The Development of British Civil Affairs and its Employment in the British Sector of Allied Military Operations during the Battle of Normandy, June to August 1944

14084: 13025: 10288: 10260: 9404: 13091: 8540: 13233: 12333: 11012: 10699: 9826: 9040: 1611: 1414: 2605:

The Allies failed to accomplish their objectives for the first day, but gained a tenuous foothold that they gradually expanded when they captured the port at

13438: 13200: 11315: 10678: 9980: 9605: 4318:

department (location of the Normandy beachhead), 76,000 citizens were rendered homeless. Of Caen's 210 pre-war Jewish population, only one survived the war.

3198:. The Allies constructed dummy tanks, trucks, and landing craft, and positioned them near the coast. Several military units, including II Canadian Corps and 2734: 7935:

Montgomery's Scientists: Operational Research in Northwest Europe: The Work of No. 2 Operational Research Section with 21 Army Group, June 1944 to July 1945

3279:

Training exercises for the Overlord landings took place as early as July 1943. As the nearby beach resembled the planned Normandy landing-site, the town of

13141: 10321: 10267: 9453: 3486: 3993:

after remarking that the war was now lost. The northern suburbs of Caen were bombed on the evening of 7 July and then occupied north of the River Orne in

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incident there on 27 April 1944 resulted in as many as 450 deaths. The following day, an additional estimated 749 American soldiers and sailors died when

10785: 10274: 9890: 8119:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (facs. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: HMSO. 3642:

destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.

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Liedtke, Gregory (2 January 2015). "Lost in the Mud: The (nearly) Forgotten Collapse of the German Army in the Western Ukraine, March and April 1944".

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resulted in a delay in sealing off the Cotentin Peninsula. The 101st Airborne Division helped protect the southern flank and captured the lock on the

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Many of the German radar stations on the French coast were destroyed by the RAF in preparation for the landings. On the night before the invasion, in

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The Germans thought they had an extensive network of spies operating in the UK, but in fact, all their agents had been captured, and some had become

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captured the rest of Caen and the high ground to the south from 18 to 21 July, by which time the city was nearly destroyed. Hitler survived an

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and then the Battle of the Box. The British were forced to withdraw to Tilly-sur-Seulles. After a delay because of storms from 17 to 23 June,

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In addition, the Allied air forces made 480,317 sorties directly connected to the operation, with the loss of 4,101 planes and 16,714 lives.

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provided details on Axis troop movements and on construction techniques used by the Germans for bunkers and other defensive installations.

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countries and the United States, it would not be possible to regain a foothold in continental Europe in the near future. After the Axis

13978: 13786: 10841: 9566: 8179: 4383: 3900: 3896: 3317: 2654: 1431: 991: 4167:, an unsuccessful attempt by Anglo-American airborne troops to capture bridges in the Netherlands to allow ground forces to cross the 12347: 10975: 9358: 9316: 2678: 2574:. To meet the conditions expected on the Normandy beachhead, special technology was developed, including two artificial ports called 1252: 3919:

to the task. They reached the west coast of the Cotentin on 17 June, cutting off Cherbourg. The 9th Division, joined by the 4th and

115: 14059: 12614: 12196: 10008: 9782: 9545: 9411: 9222: 2653:. British craft evacuated to England over 338,000 Allied troops trapped along the northern coast of France (including much of the 14064: 13889: 12759: 11091: 10888: 10540: 9918: 9418: 9330: 9266: 4350: 4343: 1388: 13521: 12749: 11294: 10806: 9649: 9187: 3920: 3904: 3779: 3682: 3670: 3327: 2590:

that used electronic and visual misinformation to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings.

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mounted a counterattack between Sword and Juno and nearly succeeded in reaching the coast. They met stiff resistance from the

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In early 1944, OB West was significantly weakened by personnel and materiel transfers to the Eastern Front. During the Soviet

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coast in northwestern France was chosen as the site of the landings, with the Americans assigned to land at sectors codenamed

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Allied planners envisaged preceding the sea-borne landings with airborne drops: near Caen on the eastern flank to secure the

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on 21 July. A failed counterattack by German forces in response to Allied advances on 7 August left 50,000 soldiers of the

2458: 13459: 7689:. Washington, DC: Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, Department of the Army. 1 June 1953. 2748:, most of which were already committed in the Mediterranean and in the Pacific. In part because of lessons learned in the 12038: 11502: 10834: 10820: 10026: 3834: 3783: 3475: 3467: 2877:

on the Cotentin Peninsula. Sectors were further subdivided into beaches identified by the colours Green, Red, and White.

785: 12882: 4175:, the last major German offensive of the war on the Western Front. A series of successful Soviet actions began with the 1972: 13336: 12478: 12247: 12116: 11994: 11572: 11287: 11238: 10996: 10551: 9796: 9635: 9483: 9337: 3892: 3471: 2705:

were put forward for 1942–43, but neither was deemed by the British to be practical or likely to succeed. Instead, the

2035: 1685: 1580: 730: 3837:

advanced on foot to within a few kilometres of Caen, but had to withdraw due to lack of armour support. At 16:00, the

2737:, but the Americans, who were providing the bulk of the men and equipment, over-ruled him. British Lieutenant-General 14009: 12764: 12363: 11245: 11217: 11034: 10616: 10328: 10295: 8947: 8928: 8868: 8827: 8492: 8396: 8374: 8252: 8124: 8081: 7965: 7883: 7777: 7711: 3502: 1734: 17: 13369: 12532: 12527: 12493: 9511: 8600: 4126:, making contact with British and Canadian armoured divisions. The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division advanced into the 2777:. As Brittany and Cotentin are peninsulas, the Germans could have cut off the Allied advance at a relatively narrow 13474: 12716: 12400: 11558: 11495: 10630: 10459: 9582: 4108: 4073:

on 8 August, Bradley and Montgomery realised that there was an opportunity for the bulk of the German forces to be

3838: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3455: 3144: 3002: 2210: 289: 12522: 10136: 3115:, to deal with conditions expected during the Normandy campaign. Developed under the supervision of Major-General 2842:

on the Continent. The first phase, the amphibious invasion and establishment of a secure foothold, was code-named

14099: 14049: 13968: 13326: 12590: 12517: 11924: 11765: 11754: 11590: 11349: 11308: 11201: 11139: 10519: 9789: 9658: 9626: 7937:. Waterloo, Ontario: Laurier Centre for Military, Strategic and Disarmament Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University. 3604: 3490: 2977: 1107: 447: 10306: 9874: 7686:

Army Battle Casualties and Non-Battle Deaths in World War II,: Final Report, 7 December 1941 to 31 December 1946

3173:, the overall strategy designed to mislead the Germans as to the date and location of the main Allied landings. 2799:

The COSSAC staff planned to begin the invasion on 1 May 1944. The initial draft of the plan was accepted at the

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The German official history highlights Allied intelligence reports that indicated OB West lost 400–500,000 men

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intelligence as it could only be provided to the most senior commanders. The Enigma code used by Field Marshal

2997: 1493: 866: 4082:

orders for periods as long as 24 hours while information was sent back and forth to the Führer's residence at

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serve as the final resting place for many of the Allied and German soldiers killed in the Normandy campaign.

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and other enciphering techniques and the codes were changed frequently. A team of code breakers stationed at

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As of November 1943. They also had 206 divisions on the Eastern Front, 24 in the Balkans, and 22 in Italy. .

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Operations continued in the British and Canadian sectors until the end of the month. On 25 August, the U.S.

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The Pas de Calais, the closest point in continental Europe to Britain, was the location of launch sites for

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British casualties are sourced from "War Diary, 21st Army Group, 'A' Section, SITEP" dated 29 August 1944.

4309:

Many cities and towns in Normandy were totally devastated by the fighting and bombings. By the end of the

2913:. A secure lodgement would be established and an attempt made to hold all territory captured north of the 2139: 1166: 14014: 13999: 13467: 13287: 13178: 12598: 12407: 11731: 11683: 11301: 11273: 11126: 10741: 10720: 10234: 9897: 9803: 9293: 8463: 8112: 7748: 4160: 3982: 1727: 1262: 1984: 1527: 649:

16,714 Allied airmen killed (8,536 members of the USAAF, and 8,178 flying under the command of the RAF)

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destroyed the Omaha harbour. The repaired Arromanches harbour was able to receive around 6,000 tons of

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The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations of the Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)

8263: 3295:. Exercises with landing craft and live ammunition also took place at the Combined Training Centre in 14079: 14074: 13574: 12754: 12647: 12107: 12024: 11809: 11669: 11641: 11474: 11379: 11169: 10602: 9669: 9323: 3912: 2964:

to Juno and Sword. Land forces were under the command of Montgomery, and air command was assigned to

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The Italian Social Republic forces during Operation Overlord were composed of the 4,000 men of the

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and Isigny. These dummies led the Germans to believe an additional airborne assault had occurred.

3143:

tank unrolled matting over the soft surface, leaving it behind as a route for ordinary tanks. The

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and worked to protect the western flank. Its failure to capture the river crossings at the River

3741: 3727: 3666: 3459: 3140: 2945: 2800: 2687: 2666: 2381: 2325: 2144: 1977: 1967: 1792: 1511: 1473: 1279: 1274: 405: 262: 8753:

Il Ministero degli affari esteri e le relazioni internazionali della Repubblica Sociale Italiana

31: 13915: 13423: 13387: 13157: 12994: 12938: 12744: 12609: 12565: 11960: 11853: 11655: 11606: 11509: 11402: 11372: 11155: 11043: 10769: 10560: 10144: 10125: 10095: 9642: 9612: 9090: 4240: 3795: 3662: 3233: 3081: 2969: 2706: 2702: 2492: 2364: 2340: 2191: 1807: 1797: 1782: 1294: 1100: 1042: 821: 799: 476: 168: 4302: 4290:

continued to inflict casualties upon the Norman population following the end of the campaign.

4152: 3630:

General Eisenhower's D-Day Invasion orders, presented in a 21st-century video by the U.S. Army

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were planned to prevent the Germans from determining the timing and location of the invasion.

13973: 13362: 13346: 12512: 12451: 12174: 12017: 11913: 11883: 11839: 11579: 11544: 11537: 11460: 11358: 10799: 10776: 10623: 10227: 9764: 9504: 9490: 9173: 4315: 4180: 4132: 3658: 3583: 3400: 3206:

was sent back to the United States in disgrace after revealing the invasion date at a party.

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was appointed Chief of Staff, Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC), to begin detailed planning.

2504: 2063: 2001: 1879: 1831: 1532: 1341: 355: 13665: 13020: 12906: 10062: 8320:

Eyewitness D-Day: Firsthand Accounts from the Landing at Normandy to the Liberation of Paris

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to swing around and attack Caen from the south-west and establish a bridgehead south of the

2330: 1071: 1032: 13848: 13489: 13297: 13077: 13056: 13051: 12779: 12701: 12501: 12275: 12130: 11781: 11738: 11708: 11634: 11444: 11423: 10342: 9819: 9497: 8665: 4398: 4091:. Kluge committed suicide on 19 August after Hitler became aware of his involvement in the 3768: 3731:

U.S. soldiers of the 8th Infantry, 4th Infantry Division advance over the sea-wall at Utah.

3416: 3241: 3229: 3105: 3029: 2847: 2758: 2670: 2614: 2535: 2279: 2176: 2071: 1905: 1787: 1702: 1692: 1242: 811: 428: 13586: 12863: 9030: 8921:

Normandy 1944: German Military Organisation, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness

4059: 3990: 3218: 2434: 1213: 8: 13946: 13940: 13925: 13853: 13689: 13636: 13562: 13538: 13351: 13321: 13195: 13121: 13116: 13101: 13096: 13046: 12964: 12393: 12167: 12045: 12001: 11523: 10657: 10416: 9943: 9773: 9757: 9706: 4862: 4287: 4257: 4172: 4112: 4049:, activated on 1 August, quickly took most of Brittany and territory as far south as the 3994: 3877: 3370:

returned to Germany for his wife's birthday and to meet Hitler to try to get more tanks.

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on 6 June, and more than two million Allied troops were in France by the end of August.

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United States Army in World War II: European Theater of Operations: The Supreme Command

8527: 8318: 7954: 7830: 7726: 7414:, w.e. March 11 PART I LAND Section H, Miscellaneous 3 Allied Achievements in the West. 4403: 4224: 4070: 4038: 4002: 3998: 3789: 3463: 3423: 3308:

was banned, and movement within several kilometres of the coast of England restricted.

3203: 3164: 3148: 3033: 2929: 2855: 2808: 2770: 2730: 2726: 2658: 2587: 2543: 2516: 2398: 2159: 1953: 1884: 1817: 1802: 1663: 1483: 1455: 1355: 1232: 1199: 1192: 1159: 1152: 1095: 1037: 1022: 984: 828: 531: 461: 13126: 9156: 4886:, w.e. March 11 PART I LAND Section H, Miscellaneous 3 Allied Achievements in the West 3848: 2932:) supporting the American sectors and the Eastern Naval Task Force (under Admiral Sir 2861:

The coastline of Normandy was divided into seventeen sectors, with code-names using a

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on 25 July and advanced further south to Avranches by 1 August. The British launched

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Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy

8427:

Overlord: General Pete Quesada and the Triumph of Tactical Air Power in World War II

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prior to the battle and those who died in captivity after the end of the fighting.

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at La Barquette, but did not capture the assigned nearby bridges on the first day.

3437: 3412: 3245: 3195: 3077: 3061: 2575: 2531: 2359: 2308: 2274: 2089: 2028: 1989: 1775: 1746: 1522: 1348: 1327: 1247: 1185: 996: 945: 12657: 9469: 9110: 7811: 7663: 3342:

By the evening of 4 June, the Allied meteorological team, headed by Group Captain

3268: 13796: 13671: 13624: 13606: 13556: 13544: 13030: 12969: 12853: 12799: 12319: 12031: 11946: 11904: 11802: 11745: 11613: 11395: 11386: 10915: 10490: 10466: 9720: 9060: 8515: 8069: 7806: 7789:

The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943–1944/5

7658: 4298: 4034: 3978: 3953: 3943: 3936: 3574: 3537: 3351: 3347: 3273: 3237: 3097: 2812: 2785: 2710: 2547: 2520: 2512: 2289: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2129: 1994: 1922: 1874: 1836: 1751: 1538: 1178: 1119: 1076: 1066: 1001: 904: 899: 854: 840: 78: 12431: 8027: 4434:. Other forces include former prisoners-of-war put in labor and anti-air units. 4185: 3825: 3447:, were, for the most part, younger and far better equipped and trained than the 3080:, were designed by COSSAC planners. Each assembly consisted of a floating outer 2850:) to target German aircraft-production, fuel supplies, and airfields. Under the 13884: 13869: 13244: 12979: 12893: 12874: 12845: 12810: 12791: 12326: 11862: 11788: 9833: 9692: 9086: 8856: 8737: 8643: 8339: 8026:. US Department of the Navy, Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from 4375: 4310: 4074: 4022: 3570: 3292: 3280: 3124: 3025: 3021: 3006: 2925: 2889: 2851: 2762: 2650: 2618: 1912: 1697: 1652: 1596: 1237: 909: 894: 889: 835: 816: 619: 491: 486: 471: 456: 442: 195: 13292: 13072: 8092: 4021:

Map showing the breakout from the Normandy beachhead and the formation of the

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Fighting in the Caen area versus the 21st Panzer, the 12th SS Panzer Division

2725:

in September. These campaigns provided the troops with valuable experience in

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in Hampshire to discuss the situation. General Montgomery and Major-General

3322: 13495: 13258: 13183: 12696: 12436: 12240: 10533: 10438: 10069: 9432: 9196: 9160: 9100: 8483:

Exercise Tiger: The Dramatic True Story of a Hidden Tragedy of World War II

8384: 8240: 7988: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4006: 3986: 3804: 3764: 3562: 3554: 3367: 3336: 3210: 3128: 3116: 2941: 2881: 2646: 2595: 2591: 2500: 1898: 1399: 554: 549: 544: 526: 511: 506: 392: 61: 8135:"Estimated Battle Casualties during the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944" 8074:

Decision in Normandy: The Real Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign

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Prior to the invasion, SHAEF issued instructions (later the basis for the

4235: 3931: 3009:. An appeal for holiday pictures and postcards of Europe announced on the 13920: 13764: 13738: 13443: 13376: 12681: 12496: 12075: 12061: 11723: 10392: 10213: 10198: 9552: 9007: 7900:. The Second World War. Vol. II. Boston; Toronto: Houghton Mifflin. 5331: 4759: 3817: 3722: 3710: 3678: 3654: 3542: 3432: 3343: 3092:) and several floating piers. The Mulberry harbours were supplemented by 3073: 2933: 2918: 2870: 2866: 2749: 2691: 2649:

had triumphed in what he called "the most famous victory in history"—the

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The decision to undertake cross-channel landings in 1944 was made at the

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Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History

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in August 1943. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was appointed commander of

2202: 37:"Normandy campaign" redirects here. For the 13th-century campaigns, see 27:

Successful Allied liberation of Nazi-held western Europe in World War II

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Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V.; Wenger, J. Michael (1994).

7930: 7422: 7420: 7381: 5968: 5768: 5073: 4889: 4408: 4147: 3718: 3714: 3702: 3674: 3565:, so in some places he had to assign soldiers to do construction work. 3546: 3120: 2901: 2897: 2874: 2838:"Overlord" was the name assigned to the establishment of a large-scale 2789: 2571: 2567: 2555: 1864: 1641: 962: 957: 930: 8883:

The Devil's Garden: Rommel's Desperate Defense of Omaha Beach on D-Day

8004:] (in French). Vincennes: Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre. 7333: 6784: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4078: 3845:

and were soon recalled to assist in the area between Caen and Bayeux.

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SOE: An Outline History of the Special Operations Executive 1940–1946

5240: 4283: 4077:. The Third Army continued the encirclement from the south, reaching 3669:

were assigned objectives on the Cotentin Peninsula west of Utah. The

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in charge of developing fortifications all along Hitler's proclaimed

2550:, which comprised all the land forces involved in the operation. The 2519:

involving more than 5,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the

2495:

operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied

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The Supreme Commander: The War Years of General Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom

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The Victory Campaign, The Operations in North-West Europe 1944–1945

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Around 812,000 were American and 640,000 were British or Canadian

4029:

After securing territory in the Cotentin Peninsula south as far as

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and 22 June, that would have made the initial landings impossible.

3257: 2980:, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Other Allied nations participated. 2885: 2766: 2551: 1869: 1227: 14035:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States

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forces in southern France occurred on 12 September as part of the

3013:

produced over ten million items, some of which proved useful. The

2936:) in the British and Canadian sectors. The American forces of the 9035:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. 7983:] (in French). Paris: Amicale des anciens parachutistes SAS. 7164: 7162: 6433: 6409: 4342:

Mulberry harbour B still sits in the sea at Arromanches. Several

4054: 3152: 3041: 2778: 2582:. In the months leading up to the landings, the Allies conducted 536: 270: 9112:

The Fighting First: The Untold Story of The Big Red One on D-Day

8820:

The Long Left Flank: The Hard Fought Way to the Reich, 1944–1945

8635: 8264:"Giugno 1944: gli Italiani in Normandia nei giorni dello sbarco" 7249: 7108: 5992: 4045:

and the high ground of Mont Pinçon. Lieutenant General Patton's

3586:) were set up in meadows and fields to deter airborne landings. 2888:

on the western flank. The initial goal was to capture Carentan,

2661:(27 May to 4 June). British planners reported to Prime Minister 10574: 9165: 7917:. The Second World War. Vol. V. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 6117: 6115: 5384: 4123: 3888: 3523: 3363: 3288: 3191: 3169:

In the months leading up to the invasion, the Allies conducted

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followed on 25 August. German forces retreated east across the

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has hosted numerous visitors each year. The site covers 172.5

4301:

and other important cultural treasures had been stored at the

3824:

and created two exits to the villages above. Delays in taking

10762: 8698:

Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War

7791:. Germany and the Second World War. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7321: 6457: 6397: 5218: 5216: 4749: 4747: 4354: 4168: 4136: 4050: 3774:

Omaha, the most heavily defended sector, was assigned to the

3749: 2928:, was split into the Western Naval Task Force (under Admiral 2634: 2621:

by 19 August. The Allies launched a second invasion from the

7835:

Bodyguard of Lies: The Extraordinary True Story Behind D-Day

7191: 7189: 6673: 6445: 6132: 6130: 6112: 6047: 6045: 6043: 5811: 5319: 4667: 4665: 4273:

A British soldier escorts an elderly lady in heavily bombed

2709:

expanded their activity in the Mediterranean, launching the

2637:

on 30 August 1944, marking the close of Operation Overlord.

624:~65,000 casualties; 11,000 killed; 54,000 wounded or missing 7084: 7060: 6553: 6147: 6145: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6028: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5121: 5109: 5051: 5049: 5022: 4940: 4938: 4274: 4053:, while the First Army maintained pressure eastward toward 4042: 3187: 2610: 8719:

Determining the Decisive Moments: The Invasion of Normandy

7369: 7225: 7024: 6964: 6952: 6928: 6916: 6904: 6880: 6820: 6748: 6736: 6700: 6637: 6613: 6589: 6541: 6505: 6493: 6469: 6373: 5893: 5881: 5662: 5660: 5623: 5621: 5510: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5213: 4986: 4744: 4264: 4218:

American assault troops injured while storming Omaha Beach

3685:

battalion of 538 men was assigned objectives in Brittany (

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Ellis, Lionel; Allen, G. R. G.; Warhurst, A. E. (2004) .

7557: 7555: 7456: 7432: 7345: 7261: 7186: 7137: 7135: 6690: 6688: 6421: 6351: 6349: 6283: 6271: 6247: 6162: 6160: 6127: 6040: 5980: 5922: 5920: 5780: 5546: 4662: 4474:

V-weapons were first launched against the UK on 12 June.

4349:

Above the English Channel on a bluff at Omaha Beach, the

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Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany

7665:

D-Day June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II

7589: 7587: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7504: 7048: 6796: 6712: 6625: 6322: 6235: 6201: 6199: 6172: 6142: 6100: 6057: 6016: 5956: 5905: 5852: 5835: 5823: 5792: 5672: 5606: 5570: 5558: 5500: 5498: 5396: 5360: 5307: 5276: 5184: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5061: 5046: 5010: 4998: 4962: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4800: 4798: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4701: 4689: 3426:. Combat losses throughout the war, particularly on the 3005:

clandestinely prepared detailed harbour maps, including

14020:

Battles and operations of World War II involving France

8247:. Battle Zone Normandy. Cheltenham: Sutton Publishing. 7492: 7012: 6312: 6310: 6259: 6004: 5657: 5618: 5582: 5444: 5432: 5228: 5145: 4950: 4577: 4575: 4573: 3326:

Men of the British 22nd Independent Parachute Company,

9827:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

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to encircle Caen. XXX Corps made a flanking move from

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but soon abandoned the direct approach in favour of a

8408:

Men of Steel: Canadian Paratroopers in Normandy, 1944

8364: 7611: 7599: 7584: 7567: 7540: 7528: 7072: 6223: 6211: 6196: 6094: 6076: 5974: 5950: 5932: 5869: 5774: 5762: 5744: 5702: 5684: 5633: 5534: 5522: 5495: 5483: 5471: 5420: 5378: 5252: 5157: 5133: 5097: 5034: 4974: 4916: 4795: 4771: 4725: 4628: 4626: 8712: 8466:[The Luxembourg "Brigade Piron"] (in French) 8308: 7486: 7426: 7399: 7273: 6307: 5732: 5708: 5594: 5408: 4898: 4856: 4839: 4677: 4638: 4587: 4570: 4430:. About 100 of them were stationed on the island of 4365: 3673:

was assigned to capture intact the bridges over the

3487:

1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler

2744:

The initial plans were constrained by the number of

9032:

Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943–1944

8624:"Chapter XIV: The Pursuit Stops Short of the Rhine" 8462: 7787:Boog, Horst; Krebs, Gerhard; Vogel, Detlef (2006). 6844: 6649: 5645: 5288: 4650: 4617: 4558: 4543: 4446: 3436:(eastern legions)—conscripts and "volunteers" from 3377: 3362:commanders left their posts to attend war games in 9109: 9064: 8480: 8343: 8317: 8287: 8178: 8110: 7953: 7810: 7725: 7662: 7387: 7339: 6790: 5720: 5354: 5270: 5246: 4810: 4623: 4189:in Berlin, and Germany surrendered on 7 May 1945. 3366:, and men in many units were given leave. Marshal 3291:surprised members of Assault Force "U" conducting 3020:Many German radio messages were encoded using the 2904:, were to capture Caen and form a front line from 8779:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 8713:Tamelander, Michael; Zetterling, Niklas (2003) . 8180:"The disaster that could have scuppered Overlord" 6517: 3952:and other units soon reached a stalemate. During 3256:(SAS) operators deployed dummy paratroopers over 2948:(Omaha). On the British side, Lieutenant-General 13991: 8940:Juno Beach: Canada's D-Day Victory: June 6, 1944 8020:"D-Day, the Normandy Invasion, 6 – 25 June 1944" 1626: 280: 8902:Armored Champion: The Top Tanks of World War II 8671:The Canadian Army 1939–45: A Historical Summary 8204:(PhD thesis). Cranfield: Cranfield University. 3956:, XXX Corps attempted to advance south towards 3111:The British built specialised tanks, nicknamed 2805:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 2540:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 14085:Military history of Canada during World War II 8541:"The 1st Polish Armoured Division in Normandy" 7786: 7474: 7450: 4394:List of Allied forces in the Normandy campaign 4282:were killed throughout the course of the war. 4012: 2665:on 4 October that even with the help of other 346: 13475: 12479: 9181: 8715:Avgörandets Ögonblick: Invasionen i Normandie 8054:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 3330:being briefed for the invasion, 4–5 June 1944 2503:. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 ( 2218: 1612: 1415: 731: 253: 99:(2 months, 3 weeks and 3 days) 13490:Primary articles on the Battle of Normandy, 9133:Operation Cobra 1944: Breakout from Normandy 8863:. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. 8735: 8443: 7876:British Armour in the Normandy Campaign 1944 7255: 4871: 4325: 3561:, which was commanded by armaments minister 3404: 2578:and an array of specialised tanks nicknamed 1429: 698:11,000–19,000 killed in pre-invasion bombing 13782:American logistics in the Normandy campaign 8389:Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy 8117:Victory in the West: The Battle of Normandy 8018: 7704:Normandy 1944: Allied Landings and Breakout 4605: 4389:American logistics in the Normandy campaign 2992:Air plan for the Allied landing in Normandy 13979:Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord 13787:British logistics in the Normandy campaign 13482: 13468: 12486: 12472: 9188: 9174: 8918: 8736:"German Air Activities in OVERLORD Area". 8721:] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts. 8464:"Les Luxembourgeois de la "Brigade Piron"" 8216: 8133: 8068: 7851: 7629: 7462: 7438: 7375: 7315: 7267: 7231: 7168: 6874: 6766: 6754: 6742: 6730: 6706: 6643: 6619: 6571: 6487: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6427: 6415: 6403: 6391: 6379: 6340: 6289: 6277: 6136: 6121: 6051: 5986: 5899: 5786: 5576: 5552: 5402: 5313: 5195: 5127: 5067: 5055: 5028: 4992: 4910: 4789: 4707: 4695: 4671: 4428:1ª Divisione Atlantica Fucilieri di Marina 4384:British logistics in the Normandy campaign 4135:crossed the Seine near Elbeuf and entered 3759:, the task for the two hundred men of the 3318:Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord 3263: 2225: 2211: 1619: 1605: 1422: 1408: 738: 724: 8795: 8781:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8601:"Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial" 8599: 8563: 7956:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy 7912: 7892: 7641: 7327: 7195: 6718: 6631: 6328: 6178: 6151: 6106: 6070: 5863: 5846: 5817: 5805: 5666: 5627: 5516: 5465: 5453: 5438: 5390: 5366: 5325: 5282: 5222: 5091: 5004: 4968: 4069:pushed south from Caen toward Falaise in 3812:On the western flank, the 1st Battalion, 2640: 2232: 383: 14040:Battles of World War II involving Canada 8836: 8814: 8773: 8568:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 8383: 8346:The Second World War: A Complete History 8261: 8042: 7960:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 7412:SHAEF Weekly Intelligence Summary, No.51 7054: 6679: 6022: 5829: 5588: 5234: 4956: 4884:SHAEF Weekly Intelligence Summary, No.51 4656: 4581: 4329: 4268: 4234: 4213: 4183:on 30 April as Soviet troops neared his 4146: 4016: 3930: 3847: 3788: 3726: 3615: 3522: 3458:(24 December 1943 – 17 April 1944), the 3381: 3321: 3267: 3194:under the command of Lieutenant General 3055: 2987: 2826: 295: 213: 12760:French Committee of National Liberation 8937: 8759:] (in Italian). Milano: Jaca Book. 8642: 8582: 8501: 8338: 7870: 7805: 7767: 7753:. New York: Little, Brown and Company. 7683: 7657: 7498: 7018: 6034: 6010: 5998: 5750: 5690: 5678: 5612: 5564: 5426: 5258: 5207: 5178: 5115: 5103: 5016: 4980: 4777: 4753: 4719: 4632: 4351:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial 4265:Civilians and French heritage buildings 4163:. On 17 September, Montgomery launched 3131:tank (equipped with a mine flail), the 2924:The invasion fleet, led by Admiral Sir 2822: 2602:in anticipation of landings in France. 682:1,500–2,400 tanks and assault guns lost 39:French invasion of Normandy (1202–1204) 14: 13992: 13522:American airborne landings in Normandy 12750:French Civil and Military High Command 11042: 11020:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 8904:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 8899: 8877: 8855: 8750: 8739:USAF reports related to WWII and Korea 8686: 8664: 8538: 8504:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 8424: 8282: 8176: 7746: 7720: 7701: 7561: 7522: 7363: 7303: 7291: 7243: 7219: 7207: 7180: 7153: 7141: 7126: 7114: 7102: 7090: 7066: 7042: 7030: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6958: 6946: 6934: 6922: 6910: 6898: 6886: 6862: 6838: 6826: 6814: 6778: 6694: 6667: 6607: 6595: 6583: 6559: 6547: 6535: 6511: 6499: 6367: 6355: 6316: 6301: 6241: 6229: 6217: 6205: 6190: 6166: 6082: 5962: 5938: 5926: 5911: 5887: 5875: 5726: 5651: 5639: 5540: 5528: 5504: 5489: 5477: 5342: 5301: 5166: 5151: 5139: 5079: 5040: 4929: 4816: 4804: 4738: 4683: 4644: 4593: 4564: 4552: 4484:battalions of the Special Air Service. 3311: 3252:. On the same night, a small group of 3230:617 Squadron (the famous "Dambusters") 3213:working for the Allies as part of the 13463: 12467: 11891:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 11323:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 10969:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 10925:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10023:Rape during the occupation of Germany 9169: 8942:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. 8839:Hitler's Atlantic Wall: Pas De Calais 8618: 8478: 8239: 8199: 8152: 7995: 7974: 7829: 7617: 7605: 7593: 7578: 7546: 7534: 7351: 7078: 6802: 6265: 6253: 5738: 5714: 5600: 5414: 4944: 4765: 3833:armour difficult. The 2nd Battalion, 2206: 1600: 1403: 719: 573:More than 1,452,000 troops by 25 July 12835:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon 11013:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10038:Rape during the liberation of France 8744:Air Force Historical Research Agency 8405: 8090: 8052:The Oxford Companion to World War II 7951: 7929: 7510: 7279: 6850: 6655: 6523: 4874:, La Cambe German Military Cemetery. 3474:SS Panzer Divisions, as well as the 3186:was invented, supposedly located in 3003:Combined Operations Pilotage Parties 701:13,632–19,890 killed during invasion 14090:Military operations of World War II 9135:. Campaign No. 88. Oxford: Osprey. 8885:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 7768:Bickers, Richard Townshend (1994). 6095:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5975:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5951:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5775:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5763:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5703:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 5379:Goldstein, Dillon & Wenger 1994 4131:On the afternoon of 30 August, the 3799:shows American troops, part of the 3647:Eisenhower, Letter to Allied Forces 2511:(Operation Neptune). A 1,200-plane 30:For the Vietnam War operation, see 24: 13575:Greenline, Pomegranate and Express 12656: 11239:German invasion of the Netherlands 9512:Weather events during World War II 9095:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 8958: 8446:Travel the Liberation Route Europe 8444:Inman, Nick; Staines, Joe (2019). 7878:. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. 7706:. Campaign No. 1. Oxford: Osprey. 7669:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 7487:Giangreco, Moore & Polmar 2004 4336:Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery 4258:No. 2 Operational Research Section 4151:Canadian soldiers with a captured 4095:. An invasion in southern France ( 3778:, supplemented by troops from the 3763:, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 3589: 3507:2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich" 3462:was forced to transfer the entire 2976:included personnel and units from 591:2,200–2,500 tanks and assault guns 465:(Ground Forces Commander in Chief) 25: 14111: 12765:Provisional Consultative Assembly 11870:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 9150: 8650:. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger. 8425:Hughes, Thomas Alexander (2010). 8262:Frittoli, Edoardo (7 June 2019). 5082:, pp. 177–178, chart p. 180. 4142: 3135:(a flame-throwing tank), and the 2983: 2944:, comprised VII Corps (Utah) and 862:Caen canal and Orne river bridges 614:124,394 casualties; 20,668 killed 451:(Deputy Supreme Allied Commander) 13551:Capture of Caen and Orne bridges 12495: 12430: 9195: 8682:– via Hyperwar Foundation. 8638:– via Hyperwar Foundation. 8429:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 8367:D-Day: The Story and Photographs 8324:. New York: Barnes & Noble. 7697:– via Hyperwar Foundation. 7427:Tamelander & Zetterling 2003 7405: 7400:Tamelander & Zetterling 2003 7388:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 7340:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 6791:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 5355:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 5271:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 5247:Ellis, Allen & Warhurst 2004 4899:Tamelander & Zetterling 2003 4857:Tamelander & Zetterling 2003 4840:Tamelander & Zetterling 2003 4524: 4515: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4368: 4295:1954 Hague Convention Protocol I 3981:began on 26 June, an attempt by 3915:commander, assigned the veteran 3835:King's Shropshire Light Infantry 3512: 3505:Panzer divisions, alongside the 3378:German preparations and defences 2869:, to Roger on the east flank of 2781:, so these sites were rejected. 638: 628: 618: 608: 576:2,052,299 (by the end of August) 543: 525: 505: 485: 470: 455: 441: 422: 398: 385: 362: 348: 335: 323: 311: 297: 282: 269: 255: 241: 229: 215: 201: 188: 175: 81:deployed, unloading supplies on 68: 14060:Invasions by the United Kingdom 13969:People of Western Europe speech 13890:Military cemeteries in Normandy 9126:– via Archive Foundation. 9081:– via Archive Foundation. 8497:– via Archive Foundation. 8360:– via Archive Foundation. 8334:– via Archive Foundation. 8304:– via Archive Foundation. 7970:– via Archive Foundation. 7852:Buckingham, William F. (2004). 7825:– via Archive Foundation. 7742:– via Archive Foundation. 7679:– via Archive Foundation. 4877: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4437: 4420: 4062:) from Vire towards Avranches. 4033:, the U.S. First Army launched 3901:709th Static Infantry Divisions 3466:from France, consisting of the 3145:Assault Vehicle Royal Engineers 2697:Two tentative plans code-named 2645:In June 1940, Germany's leader 2625:of southern France (code-named 800:Taxable, Glimmer & Big Drum 634:18,444 casualties; 5,021 killed 14065:Invasions by the United States 13964:June 6, 1944, order of the day 12117:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 9820:Territorial changes of Germany 9728:Indonesian National Revolution 9157:Works about Operation Overlord 8972:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 8923:. Winnipeg: J. J. Fedorowicz. 7837:. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot. 7728:D-Day: The Battle for Normandy 4133:3rd Canadian Infantry Division 3040:West (Supreme Commander West; 2998:Allied Expeditionary Air Force 85:for the breakout from Normandy 13: 1: 13439:Mediterranean and Middle East 13342:End of World War II in Europe 12605:French Forces of the Interior 11517:Japanese invasion of Thailand 11468:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 11232:German invasion of Luxembourg 9606:Mediterranean and Middle East 9092:The Longest Day: June 6, 1944 8177:Fenton, Ben (26 April 2004). 7732:. New York; Toronto: Viking. 7650: 4204: 4099:) was launched on 15 August. 3843:British 3rd Infantry Division 3671:British 6th Airborne Division 3108:to Boulogne in late October. 3051: 1586:End of World War II in Europe 97:6 June – 30 August 1944 13723: 13719: 11424:Invasion of the Soviet Union 11113:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 10424:Independent State of Croatia 9067:The Battle of Normandy, 1944 8992:. London: BBC Publications. 8516:10.1080/13518046.2015.998134 8225:. Oxford; New York: Osprey. 8223:Overlord: The D-Day Landings 7913:Churchill, Winston (1951) . 7475:Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2006 7451:Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2006 4537: 4344:large cemeteries in the area 3871: 3456:Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive 3232:dropped strips of "window", 3158: 2940:, led by Lieutenant General 2834:assault routes into Normandy 2673:in June 1941, Soviet leader 674: 7: 13799:(Pipe-Line Under The Ocean) 12599:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans 12408:End of World War II in Asia 12248:Western invasion of Germany 11755:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 11732:Second Battle of El Alamein 11302:Hundred Regiments Offensive 11274:Battle of the Mediterranean 11127:Italian invasion of Albania 9294:Air warfare of World War II 9014:. New York: Penguin Books. 8919:Zetterling, Niklas (2000). 8487:. New York: Prentice-Hall. 8162:. New York: Penguin Group. 4768:, Chapter XIV, footnote 10. 4361: 4239:German forces surrender in 4161:drive to the Siegfried Line 4013:Breakout from the beachhead 3839:German 21st Panzer Division 3780:U.S. 29th Infantry Division 3611: 3451:stationed along the coast. 3244:also dropped "window" near 2811:was named commander of the 2655:British Expeditionary Force 2609:on 26 June and the city of 2546:was named commander of the 2538:was appointed commander of 675:Casualties differ by source 655:226,386 casualties in total 585:380,000 troops (by 23 July) 10: 14116: 12990:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre 12722:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 12615:French Expeditionary Corps 12334:Naval bombardment of Japan 11702:First Battle of El Alamein 11621:Battle of Christmas Island 11566:Japanese invasion of Burma 11330:Italian invasion of Greece 11246:German invasion of Belgium 11218:German invasion of Denmark 11191:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 11060:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 9317:Comparative military ranks 8900:Zaloga, Steven J. (2015). 8841:. Philadelphia: Casemate. 8796:Whitmarsh, Andrew (2009). 8564:Margolian, Howard (1998). 8539:Maczek, Stainslaw (2006). 8410:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. 8093:"Juno Beach: World War II" 8024:Frequently Asked Questions 5345:, Map, inside front cover. 4230: 3941: 3875: 3852:Gold Beach on 7 June 1944. 3801:U.S. 1st Infantry Division 3776:U.S. 1st Infantry Division 3737:U.S. 4th Infantry Division 3700: 3696: 3633: 3597:Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg 3516: 3315: 3162: 2187:Raids on the Atlantic Wall 2182:Strategic Bombing Campaign 495:(Naval Commander in Chief) 36: 29: 13936:Allied forces in Normandy 13898: 13862: 13811: 13774: 13717: 13652: 13502: 13413: 13383:1946 legislative election 13312: 13269: 13242: 13209: 13150: 13039: 13013: 12947: 12931: 12915: 12891: 12872: 12843: 12827: 12808: 12789: 12778: 12755:French National Committee 12735: 12667: 12654: 12648:French Forces of the West 12541: 12508: 12423: 12255:Bratislava–Brno offensive 12195: 12186:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 11923: 11810:Allied invasion of Sicily 11764: 11670:Aleutian Islands campaign 11642:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 11589: 11580:Greek famine of 1941–1944 11475:Second Battle of Changsha 11380:German invasion of Greece 11348: 11225:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 11200: 11138: 11033: 10914: 10640: 10550: 10391: 10094: 10085: 9843: 9668: 9560:North and Central Pacific 9521: 9283: 9276: 9203: 9029:Matloff, Maurice (1959). 8800:. Stroud: History Press. 8585:"South Africans in D-Day" 8545:Canadian Military History 8369:. McLean, VA: Brassey's. 8294:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 7854:D-Day: The First 72 Hours 7117:, pp. 481, 483, 494. 4326:War memorials and tourism 4209: 3575:large anti-tank obstacles 3151:. The Duplex-Drive tank ( 2960:was assigned to Gold and 2719:Allied invasion of Sicily 2487:was the codename for the 2459:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2243: 1638: 1443: 807:Combined Bomber Offensive 759: 689: 598: 564: 411: 158: 89: 67: 55: 50: 14010:1944 in military history 13400:Trial of Philippe Pétain 13327:1945 municipal elections 13224:Liberation of Strasbourg 11847:Allied invasion of Italy 11824:Solomon Islands campaign 11573:Third Battle of Changsha 11170:First Battle of Changsha 11076:Second Sino-Japanese War 10009:German military brothels 9875:United States war crimes 9108:Whitlock, Flint (2004). 8448:. London: Rough Guides. 8200:Flint, Edward R (2009). 8091:Drez, Ronald J. (2005). 7702:Badsey, Stephen (1990). 6001:, pp. 227–228, 235. 5705:, pp. 50–51, 54–57. 5273:, pp. 521–523, 524. 4872:Inman & Staines 2019 4414: 4181:Hitler committed suicide 3975:Battle of Villers-Bocage 3882:Bombardment of Cherbourg 3667:101st Airborne Divisions 3536:Alarmed by the raids on 3442:12th SS Panzer Division 3394:in France, 21 March 1944 2723:Allied invasion of Italy 2671:invaded the Soviet Union 2629:) on 15 August, and the 481:(Air Commander in Chief) 435:Supreme Allied Commander 13117:Liberation of Marseille 12269:Second Guangxi campaign 12124:Philippines (1944–1945) 11628:Battle of the Coral Sea 11531:Fall of the Philippines 11177:Battle of South Guangxi 11083:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10482:Italian Social Republic 9131:Zaloga, Steven (2001). 8861:The Struggle For Europe 8837:Williams, Paul (2013). 8751:Viganò, Marino (1991). 8187:. Telegraph Media Group 7952:Copp, J. Terry (2003). 7747:Beevor, Antony (2012). 4618:Luxembourg Army website 4165:Operation Market Garden 4139:to a jubilant welcome. 3926: 3921:79th Infantry Divisions 3784:352nd Infantry Division 3476:349th Infantry Division 3272:Training exercise with 3264:Rehearsals and security 3127:. Examples include the 2900:, and the Canadians at 2570:, and the Canadians at 1474:Siegfried Line campaign 406:Italian Social Republic 14100:World War II invasions 14050:Invasions by Australia 13916:D-Day naval deceptions 13357:Provisional Government 13021:Liberation of Saint-Lô 12995:Maquis de Saint-Marcel 12975:Liberation of Limousin 12939:Battle of Mont Mouchet 12923:Liberation of Limousin 12819:Syria–Lebanon campaign 12770:Provisional Government 12745:Empire Defense Council 12661: 12610:French Liberation Army 11854:Armistice of Cassibile 11656:Battle of Dutch Harbor 11607:Battle of the Java Sea 11510:Attack on Pearl Harbor 11410:Syria–Lebanon campaign 11403:Battle of South Shanxi 11373:Invasion of Yugoslavia 11156:Battle of the Atlantic 10770:Korean Liberation Army 10476:(until September 1943) 10433:(until September 1944) 10411:(until September 1944) 9047:. London: Hutchinson. 9045:Normandy to the Baltic 9012:Six Armies in Normandy 8938:Zuehlke, Mark (2004). 8587:. South African Legion 8159:The Third Reich at War 7772:. London: Leo Cooper. 7630:Ford & Zaloga 2009 7268:Ford & Zaloga 2009 7232:Ford & Zaloga 2009 7169:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6875:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6767:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6755:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6743:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6731:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6707:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6644:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6620:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6572:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6488:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6476:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6464:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6452:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6442:, pp. 76–77, 334. 6440:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6428:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6418:, pp. 64–65, 334. 6416:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6404:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6392:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6380:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6341:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6290:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6278:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6137:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6122:Ford & Zaloga 2009 6052:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5987:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5900:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5787:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5577:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5553:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5403:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5196:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5128:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5068:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5056:Ford & Zaloga 2009 5029:Ford & Zaloga 2009 4993:Ford & Zaloga 2009 4338: 4278: 4256:research conducted by 4244: 4241:Saint-Lambert-sur-Dive 4219: 4177:Vistula–Oder Offensive 4155: 4026: 3939: 3905:90th Infantry Division 3893:91st Infantry Division 3853: 3829:at Juno were 961 men. 3808: 3796:Into the Jaws of Death 3735:The craft bearing the 3732: 3650: 3631: 3533: 3415:, and Normandy by the 3405: 3395: 3331: 3276: 3182:in July. A fictitious 3119:, these were modified 3069: 3068:(Gold) as seen in 1990 2993: 2970:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 2884:bridges, and north of 2835: 2729:. Those attending the 2717:in November 1942, the 2703:Operation Sledgehammer 2641:Preparations for D-Day 2594:placed Field Marshal 2247:Africa and Middle East 1269:Air and Sea operations 1062:Anglo-Canadian Sector 941:Anglo-Canadian Sector 477:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 412:Commanders and leaders 13347:Victory in Europe Day 13026:Battle of Mont Gargan 12883:Liberation of Corsica 12660: 12636:4th Moroccan Mountain 12631:3rd Algerian Infantry 12626:2nd Moroccan Infantry 12018:Second Battle of Guam 11914:Bengal famine of 1943 11884:Second Battle of Kiev 11840:Battle of the Dnieper 11545:Battle of Wake Island 11417:East African campaign 11359:Battle of South Henan 11004:atrocities by Germans 10777:Korean Volunteer Army 9751:Occupation of Germany 9505:Music in World War II 9116:. Boulder: Westview. 8822:. Toronto: Stoddart. 8687:Stacey, C.P. (1960). 8583:Meadows, Ian (2016). 8479:Lewis, Nigel (1990). 8391:. New York: Vintage. 8350:. New York: H. Holt. 7996:Corta, Henry (1997). 7975:Corta, Henry (1952). 4333: 4272: 4238: 4217: 4195:start of the Cold War 4150: 4105:2nd Armoured Division 4103:French forces of the 4041:on 30 July to secure 4020: 4007:assassination attempt 3934: 3917:9th Infantry Division 3851: 3792: 3730: 3639: 3629: 3526: 3386:German troops of the 3385: 3328:6th Airborne Division 3325: 3271: 3200:2nd Canadian Division 3184:First U.S. Army Group 3137:Armoured Ramp Carrier 3072:After the disastrous 3066:Arromanches-les-Bains 3059: 2991: 2830: 2735:Mediterranean theatre 2677:began pressing for a 2534:in May 1943. General 2429:Indian Ocean and Asia 1880:Battle of Britain Day 1301:Supporting operations 599:Casualties and losses 588:~640,000 troops total 13686:(Canada, Poland, US) 13639:(Canada, Poland, UK) 13633:(Canada, Poland, UK) 13332:Advance to the Rhine 13137:Battle of Montélimar 13132:Liberation of Guéret 13112:Liberation of Toulon 12985:Liberation of Guéret 12702:Dwight D. Eisenhower 12502:Liberation of France 12304:Surrender of Germany 11782:Battle of West Hubei 11739:Guadalcanal campaign 11709:Battle of Stalingrad 11635:Battle of Madagascar 10402:Albania protectorate 10189:(formerly Swaziland) 9898:Wehrmacht war crimes 9714:Expulsion of Germans 9498:Art and World War II 9396:British contribution 9345:Governments in exile 8798:D-Day in Photographs 8406:Horn, Bernd (2010). 7750:The Second World War 7390:, pp. 488, 493. 7093:, pp. 445, 447. 7069:, pp. 421, 444. 6680:Dear & Foot 2005 6562:, pp. 143, 148. 5830:Dear & Foot 2005 5118:, pp. 397, 478. 4957:Dear & Foot 2005 4399:Liberation of France 4122:fought its way into 4120:2nd Armored Division 3769:743rd Tank Battalion 3761:2nd Ranger Battalion 3677:and River Orne. The 3289:German torpedo-boats 3242:No. 218 Squadron RAF 3044:), commander of the 2865:—from Able, west of 2823:Allied invasion plan 2773:, Normandy, and the 2759:Supermarine Spitfire 2536:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2177:Defence of the Reich 1658:The Heligoland Bight 753:(Battle of Normandy) 707:25,000–39,000 killed 429:Dwight D. Eisenhower 131:49.41806°N 1.17639°W 32:Battle of Long Khánh 14070:Invasions of France 14055:Invasions by Canada 13947:Operation Bodyguard 13941:Liberation of Paris 13337:Invasion of Germany 13201:Battle of Meximieux 13196:Battle of Arracourt 13158:Liberation of Nancy 13122:Liberation of Paris 13102:Battle of La Ciotat 13097:Battle of Port Cros 13062:Liberation of Brest 13047:Battle for Brittany 12965:Battle of Cherbourg 12394:Potsdam Declaration 12283:Italy (Spring 1945) 12046:Liberation of Paris 11503:Siege of Sevastopol 10514:(until August 1944) 10417:Wang Jingwei regime 10239:from September 1943 10199:from September 1944 10137:from September 1944 9997:Romanian war crimes 9988:Persecution of Jews 9974:Croatian war crimes 9944:Japanese war crimes 9758:Occupation of Japan 9707:First Indochina War 9419:Military production 9331:Declarations of war 9071:. London: Cassell. 9041:Montgomery, Bernard 8966:Ambrose, Stephen E. 8076:. London: Penguin. 8030:on 24 November 2010 7831:Brown, Anthony Cave 7632:, pp. 345–354. 7513:, pp. 399–400. 7402:, pp. 341–342. 7354:, pp. 288–289. 7342:, pp. 487–488. 7330:, pp. 125–155. 7318:, pp. 517–518. 7258:, pp. 531–535. 7171:, pp. 341–342. 7033:, pp. 439–440. 6973:, pp. 416–417. 6961:, pp. 434–435. 6937:, pp. 399–400. 6925:, pp. 398–400. 6913:, pp. 366–367. 6889:, pp. 332–333. 6877:, pp. 340–341. 6829:, pp. 232–237. 6793:, pp. 247–254. 6769:, pp. 185–193. 6733:, pp. 118–120. 6682:, pp. 627–630. 6598:, pp. 215–216. 6574:, pp. 326–327. 6550:, pp. 277–278. 6514:, pp. 275–276. 6502:, pp. 270–273. 6490:, pp. 281–282. 6343:, pp. 166–167. 6256:, pp. 157–161. 6037:, pp. 224–225. 5890:, pp. 224–226. 5328:, pp. 592–593. 5249:, pp. 521–533. 4947:, pp. 336–337. 4901:, pp. 342–343. 4756:, pp. 117–120. 4303:Château de Sourches 4288:unexploded ordnance 4173:Battle of the Bulge 4113:Paris was liberated 3995:Operation Charnwood 3878:Battle of Cherbourg 3531: Atlantic Wall 3480:Führer Directive 51 3460:German High Command 3356:Walter Bedell Smith 3312:Weather forecasting 3306:Republic of Ireland 3254:Special Air Service 3217:. The double agent 3215:Double-Cross System 3175:Operation Fortitude 3171:Operation Bodyguard 3133:Churchill Crocodile 3090:Phoenix breakwaters 2974:First Canadian Army 2739:Frederick E. Morgan 2715:French North Africa 2631:Liberation of Paris 2584:Operation Bodyguard 2166:Strategic campaigns 1769:Ypres–Comines Canal 1581:Invasion of Germany 127: / 14015:August 1944 events 14000:Operation Overlord 13974:Rommel's asparagus 13958:Operation Jedburgh 13803:Operation Chastity 13405:Klaus Barbie trial 13142:Liberation of Nice 12960:Battle of Carentan 12955:Operation Overlord 12692:Bernard Montgomery 12662: 12387:Surrender of Japan 12220:Battle of Iwo Jima 12069:Belgrade offensive 11482:Siege of Leningrad 11366:Battle of Shanggao 11295:British Somaliland 11260:Dunkirk evacuation 11211:Norwegian campaign 11149:Invasion of Poland 10976:Japanese prisoners 9937:Italian war crimes 9868:British war crimes 9783:Soviet occupations 9567:South-West Pacific 9454:Allied cooperation 9412:Military equipment 8648:Defeat in the West 8312:; Moore, Kathryn; 8284:Gaddis, John Lewis 8139:www.britannica.com 8097:www.britannica.com 7894:Churchill, Winston 7856:. Stroud: Tempus. 7817:. New York: Holt. 6805:, pp. 36, 97. 6466:, pp. 56, 83. 6406:, pp. 95–104. 5820:, pp. 30, 36. 5765:, pp. 59, 61. 5357:, pp. 78, 81. 4404:Operation Downfall 4339: 4279: 4245: 4225:Normandy Massacres 4220: 4156: 4075:trapped at Falaise 4071:Operation Totalize 4039:Operation Bluecoat 4027: 4003:Operation Goodwood 3999:Operation Atlantic 3940: 3935:Operations in the 3854: 3814:Hampshire Regiment 3809: 3742:Sainte-Mère-Église 3733: 3632: 3584:Rommel's asparagus 3534: 3464:II SS Panzer Corps 3424:Friedrich Dollmann 3411:(Colonel General) 3396: 3332: 3277: 3204:Henry J. F. Miller 3165:Military deception 3070: 3034:Gerd von Rundstedt 2994: 2836: 2809:Bernard Montgomery 2771:Cotentin Peninsula 2731:Trident Conference 2727:amphibious warfare 2721:in July 1943, and 2659:Dunkirk evacuation 2588:military deception 2544:Bernard Montgomery 2528:Trident Conference 2517:amphibious assault 2489:Battle of Normandy 2485:Operation Overlord 2192:Battle of Atlantic 1096:Normandy massacres 985:Operation Chastity 749:Operation Overlord 532:Gerd von Rundstedt 462:Bernard Montgomery 136:49.41806; -1.17639 51:Operation Overlord 14095:Operation Neptune 14045:Conflicts in 1944 13987: 13986: 13952:Operation Dragoon 13627:(UK 6th Airborne) 13457: 13456: 13394:Trente Glorieuses 13370:Épuration sauvage 13308: 13307: 13168:Operation Undergo 13163:Operation Astonia 13107:Provence landings 12907:Battle of Glières 12902:Battle of Vercors 12864:Battle of Réunion 12859:Tunisian campaign 12707:Raymond O. Barton 12687:Winston Churchill 12677:Charles de Gaulle 12461: 12460: 12419: 12418: 12262:Battle of Okinawa 12161:Burma (1944–1945) 11995:Mariana and Palau 11775:Tunisian campaign 11600:Fall of Singapore 11524:Fall of Hong Kong 11267:Battle of Britain 11120:Operation Himmler 11029: 11028: 10693:Dutch East Indies 10329:Southern Rhodesia 10081: 10080: 9981:Genocide of Serbs 9884:German war crimes 9861:Soviet war crimes 9854:Allied war crimes 9700:Division of Korea 9679:Chinese Civil War 9477:Strategic bombing 9389:Manhattan Project 9142:978-1-84176-296-8 9123:978-0-8133-4218-4 9078:978-0-304-35837-3 9021:978-0-14-005293-0 8999:978-0-563-20193-9 8911:978-0-8117-6113-0 8892:978-0-8117-1228-6 8879:Zaloga, Steven J. 8848:978-1-84884-817-7 8816:Williams, Jeffery 8807:978-0-7524-5095-7 8788:978-0-521-55879-2 8775:Weinberg, Gerhard 8766:978-88-16-95081-8 8728:978-91-1-301204-9 8657:978-0-548-43948-7 8620:Pogue, Forrest C. 8575:978-1-4426-7321-2 8455:978-1-78919-430-2 8436:978-1-43911-853-5 8417:978-1-55488-708-8 8357:978-0-8050-1788-5 8331:978-0-7607-5045-2 8310:Giangreco, Dennis 8301:978-0-07-557258-9 8232:978-1-84603-424-4 8169:978-0-14-311671-4 8154:Evans, Richard J. 8061:978-0-19-280666-6 8011:978-2-86323-103-6 7977:Les bérets rouges 7944:978-0-9697955-9-9 7898:Their Finest Hour 7863:978-0-7524-2842-0 7844:978-1-59921-383-5 7813:A Soldier's Story 7798:978-0-198-22889-9 7760:978-0-316-02374-0 7739:978-0-670-02119-2 7676:978-0-671-67334-5 7256:USAF Reports 1957 6454:, pp. 90–91. 6268:, pp. 64–79. 6124:, pp. 54–56. 5977:, pp. 16–19. 5965:, pp. 58–59. 5914:, pp. 42–43. 5777:, pp. 61–62. 5681:, pp. 19–21. 5615:, pp. 71–72. 5567:, pp. 42–43. 5519:, pp. 89–90. 5468:, pp. 27–28. 5225:, pp. 12–13. 5181:, pp. 73–74. 5154:, pp. 33–34. 5130:, pp. 13–14. 5031:, pp. 10–11. 5019:, pp. 21–22. 4243:, 21 August 1944 4128:Forêt de la Londe 4097:Operation Dragoon 4067:II Canadian Corps 4060:Operation Lüttich 3991:Günther von Kluge 3966:Tilly-sur-Seulles 3909:J. Lawton Collins 3782:. They faced the 3691:Operation Samwest 3687:Operation Dingson 3636:Normandy landings 3627: 3601:Panzer Group West 3559:Organisation Todt 3250:Operation Glimmer 3226:Operation Taxable 3219:Juan Pujol García 3084:, inner concrete 3078:Mulberry harbours 3015:French resistance 2966:Air Chief Marshal 2863:spelling alphabet 2844:Operation Neptune 2807:(SHAEF). General 2801:Quebec Conference 2755:close air support 2699:Operation Roundup 2663:Winston Churchill 2627:Operation Dragoon 2623:Mediterranean Sea 2576:Mulberry harbours 2562:, the British at 2509:Normandy landings 2479: 2478: 2471:Wallis and Futuna 2200: 2199: 1594: 1593: 1397: 1396: 1253:Mantes-Gassicourt 917:Normandy landings 714: 713: 370:Southern Rhodesia 154: 153: 18:Normandy Campaign 16:(Redirected from 14107: 14080:June 1944 events 14075:July 1944 events 13960:(France, UK, US) 13954:(France, UK, US) 13926:Hobart's Funnies 13880:Hillman Fortress 13792:Mulberry harbour 13725: 13721: 13718:Landing points ( 13696:Merville Battery 13565:(Deception plan) 13484: 13477: 13470: 13461: 13460: 13363:Épuration légale 13315: 13277:Atlantic pockets 13253:Atlantic pockets 13219:Battle of Alsace 13173:Atlantic pockets 13067:Atlantic pockets 13005:Battle of Ushant 13000:Maquis de Saffré 12787: 12786: 12738: 12727:Philippe Kieffer 12717:Philippe Leclerc 12712:George S. Patton 12670: 12556:Commando Kieffer 12544: 12500: 12499: 12488: 12481: 12474: 12465: 12464: 12454: 12447: 12440: 12437:World portal 12435: 12434: 12410: 12403: 12396: 12389: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12357: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12322: 12313: 12306: 12299: 12297:Prague offensive 12292: 12290:Battle of Berlin 12285: 12278: 12271: 12264: 12257: 12250: 12243: 12236: 12234:Vienna offensive 12229: 12222: 12215: 12213:Battle of Manila 12208: 12188: 12179: 12170: 12163: 12154: 12147: 12140: 12133: 12126: 12119: 12112: 12103: 12094: 12087: 12078: 12071: 12064: 12057: 12048: 12041: 12034: 12027: 12020: 12013: 12006: 11997: 11990: 11981: 11972: 11963: 11956: 11954:Korsun–Cherkassy 11949: 11938: 11916: 11907: 11900: 11893: 11886: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11856: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11798: 11796:Bombing of Gorky 11791: 11784: 11777: 11757: 11750: 11741: 11734: 11727: 11718: 11711: 11704: 11697: 11686: 11679: 11672: 11665: 11663:Battle of Midway 11658: 11651: 11649:Battle of Gazala 11644: 11637: 11630: 11623: 11616: 11609: 11602: 11582: 11575: 11568: 11561: 11559:Battle of Borneo 11554: 11552:Malayan campaign 11547: 11540: 11533: 11526: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11498: 11496:Bombing of Gorky 11491: 11489:Battle of Moscow 11484: 11477: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11433: 11426: 11419: 11412: 11405: 11398: 11389: 11382: 11375: 11368: 11361: 11341: 11332: 11325: 11318: 11311: 11304: 11297: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11262: 11255: 11253:Battle of France 11248: 11241: 11234: 11227: 11220: 11213: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11151: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11106:Munich Agreement 11101: 11094: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11062: 11055: 11040: 11039: 11022: 11015: 11006: 10999: 10992: 10991:Soviet prisoners 10985: 10978: 10971: 10962: 10955: 10946: 10939: 10932: 10931:German prisoners 10927: 10907: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10879: 10872: 10865: 10858: 10851: 10844: 10837: 10830: 10823: 10816: 10809: 10802: 10795: 10788: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10758: 10751: 10744: 10737: 10730: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10702: 10695: 10688: 10681: 10674: 10667: 10660: 10653: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10598: 10591: 10584: 10577: 10570: 10563: 10543: 10536: 10529: 10522: 10515: 10507: 10500: 10493: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10462: 10460:French Indochina 10455: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10426: 10419: 10412: 10404: 10384: 10375: 10368: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10310: 10307:from August 1944 10298: 10291: 10284: 10277: 10270: 10263: 10256: 10249: 10242: 10230: 10223: 10216: 10209: 10202: 10190: 10182: 10175: 10168: 10161: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10128: 10121: 10114: 10107: 10092: 10091: 10072: 10065: 10058: 10051: 10044: 10033: 10018: 10011: 10004: 9999: 9990: 9983: 9976: 9967: 9960: 9953: 9951:Nanjing Massacre 9946: 9939: 9930: 9928:Nuremberg trials 9921: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9893: 9886: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9856: 9836: 9829: 9822: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9792: 9785: 9778: 9769: 9760: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9730: 9723: 9716: 9709: 9702: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9661: 9652: 9645: 9638: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9576: 9569: 9562: 9555: 9548: 9541: 9534: 9532:Asia and Pacific 9514: 9507: 9500: 9493: 9486: 9479: 9472: 9463: 9461:Mulberry harbour 9456: 9449: 9442: 9435: 9428: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9375: 9368: 9361: 9354: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9319: 9312: 9303: 9296: 9281: 9280: 9269: 9262: 9253: 9246: 9239: 9232: 9225: 9218: 9211: 9190: 9183: 9176: 9167: 9166: 9146: 9127: 9115: 9104: 9082: 9070: 9061:Neillands, Robin 9056: 9036: 9025: 9003: 8981: 8953: 8934: 8915: 8896: 8874: 8852: 8833: 8811: 8792: 8770: 8747: 8732: 8709: 8695: 8683: 8661: 8639: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8579: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8535: 8498: 8486: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8459: 8440: 8421: 8402: 8380: 8361: 8349: 8335: 8323: 8305: 8293: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8258: 8236: 8219:Zaloga, Steven J 8213: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8182: 8173: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8130: 8113:Butler, J. R. M. 8107: 8105: 8103: 8087: 8065: 8050:, eds. (2005) . 8039: 8037: 8035: 8015: 7992: 7971: 7959: 7948: 7926: 7915:Closing the Ring 7909: 7889: 7867: 7848: 7826: 7816: 7807:Bradley, Omar N. 7802: 7783: 7770:Air War Normandy 7764: 7743: 7731: 7717: 7698: 7680: 7668: 7659:Ambrose, Stephen 7645: 7639: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7609: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7582: 7576: 7565: 7559: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7391: 7385: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6275: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6244:, p. 51–52. 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6194: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6155: 6149: 6140: 6134: 6125: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6055: 6049: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5850: 5844: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4995:, pp. 8–10. 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4933: 4927: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4860: 4854: 4843: 4837: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4742: 4736: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4424: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4109:Philippe Leclerc 3907:, Major General 3648: 3628: 3605:Italian Campaign 3530: 3413:Hans von Salmuth 3410: 3281:Slapton in Devon 3246:Boulogne-sur-Mer 3238:barrage balloons 3196:George S. Patton 3113:Hobart's Funnies 3062:Mulberry harbour 3038:Oberbefehlshaber 2906:Caumont-l'Éventé 2586:, a substantial 2580:Hobart's Funnies 2513:airborne assault 2238: 2227: 2220: 2213: 2204: 2203: 2029:Atlantic Pockets 1633: 1629:Western Front of 1621: 1614: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1438: 1436: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1401: 1400: 1028:La Haye-du-Puits 1013:American Sector 921:American Sector 867:Merville Battery 847:Airborne assault 754: 750: 740: 733: 726: 717: 716: 692:Civilian deaths: 672:233,000 captured 644:2,097 casualties 643: 642: 633: 632: 623: 622: 613: 612: 548: 547: 530: 529: 510: 509: 490: 489: 479: 475: 474: 460: 459: 446: 445: 431: 427: 426: 404: 402: 401: 395: 391: 389: 388: 368: 366: 365: 358: 354: 352: 351: 340: 339: 338: 328: 327: 326: 316: 315: 314: 307: 303: 301: 300: 292: 288: 286: 285: 274: 273: 265: 261: 259: 258: 247: 245: 244: 234: 233: 232: 225: 221: 219: 218: 207: 205: 204: 194: 192: 191: 181: 179: 178: 142: 141: 139: 138: 137: 132: 128: 125: 124: 123: 120: 91: 90: 79:barrage balloons 72: 48: 47: 21: 14115: 14114: 14110: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14105: 14104: 13990: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13894: 13858: 13839:Longues-sur-Mer 13807: 13770: 13713: 13702:Verrières Ridge 13648: 13541:(UK and Canada) 13498: 13488: 13458: 13453: 13409: 13388:Fourth Republic 13313: 13304: 13265: 13238: 13211: 13205: 13146: 13127:Maillé massacre 13035: 13031:Operation Cobra 13009: 12970:Battle for Caen 12943: 12927: 12911: 12887: 12868: 12854:Operation Torch 12839: 12823: 12804: 12800:Battle of Gabon 12781: 12774: 12736: 12731: 12668: 12663: 12652: 12621:1st Free French 12542: 12537: 12504: 12494: 12492: 12462: 12457: 12450: 12443: 12429: 12427: 12415: 12406: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12376: 12369: 12362: 12353: 12348:Atomic bombings 12346: 12339: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12309: 12302: 12295: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12211: 12204: 12191: 12184: 12173: 12166: 12159: 12150: 12143: 12136: 12129: 12122: 12115: 12106: 12097: 12090: 12081: 12074: 12067: 12060: 12051: 12044: 12039:Eastern Romania 12037: 12032:Warsaw Uprising 12030: 12025:Tannenberg Line 12023: 12016: 12011:Western Ukraine 12009: 12000: 11993: 11984: 11975: 11966: 11959: 11952: 11941: 11932: 11919: 11912: 11903: 11896: 11889: 11882: 11875: 11868: 11861: 11852: 11845: 11838: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11808: 11803:Battle of Kursk 11801: 11794: 11787: 11780: 11773: 11760: 11753: 11744: 11737: 11730: 11721: 11714: 11707: 11700: 11691: 11682: 11675: 11668: 11661: 11654: 11647: 11640: 11633: 11626: 11619: 11614:St Nazaire Raid 11612: 11605: 11598: 11585: 11578: 11571: 11564: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11529: 11522: 11515: 11508: 11501: 11494: 11487: 11480: 11473: 11466: 11459: 11452: 11438: 11429: 11422: 11415: 11408: 11401: 11396:Anglo-Iraqi War 11394: 11387:Battle of Crete 11385: 11378: 11371: 11364: 11357: 11344: 11335: 11328: 11321: 11316:Eastern Romania 11314: 11307: 11300: 11293: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11251: 11244: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11216: 11209: 11196: 11189: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11134: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11104: 11097: 11090: 11081: 11074: 11067: 11058: 11051: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11002: 10995: 10990: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10958: 10951: 10942: 10935: 10930: 10923: 10910: 10903: 10894: 10887: 10882: 10877:Western Ukraine 10875: 10868: 10861: 10854: 10847: 10840: 10833: 10826: 10821:Northeast China 10819: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10784: 10775: 10768: 10761: 10754: 10747: 10740: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10712: 10705: 10698: 10691: 10684: 10677: 10670: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10601: 10594: 10587: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10559: 10546: 10539: 10532: 10525: 10520:Slovak Republic 10518: 10510: 10503: 10496: 10491:Empire of Japan 10489: 10480: 10472: 10465: 10458: 10451: 10444: 10437: 10429: 10422: 10415: 10407: 10400: 10387: 10380: 10371: 10364: 10355: 10348: 10341: 10334: 10327: 10320: 10313: 10301: 10294: 10287: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10233: 10226: 10219: 10212: 10205: 10193: 10185: 10178: 10171: 10164: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10131: 10124: 10117: 10110: 10103: 10077: 10068: 10061: 10054: 10047: 10036: 10021: 10014: 10007: 10003:Sexual violence 10002: 9995: 9986: 9979: 9972: 9963: 9956: 9949: 9942: 9935: 9926: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9896: 9889: 9882: 9873: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9839: 9832: 9825: 9818: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9772: 9763: 9756: 9749: 9742: 9733: 9726: 9721:Greek Civil War 9719: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9664: 9657: 9648: 9641: 9634: 9625: 9618: 9611: 9604: 9595: 9588: 9581: 9572: 9565: 9558: 9551: 9546:South-East Asia 9544: 9537: 9530: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9405:Military awards 9403: 9394: 9387: 9380: 9371: 9364: 9357: 9350: 9343: 9336: 9329: 9322: 9315: 9308: 9299: 9292: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9230: 9221: 9214: 9207: 9199: 9194: 9153: 9143: 9130: 9124: 9107: 9087:Ryan, Cornelius 9085: 9079: 9059: 9039: 9028: 9022: 9006: 9000: 8984: 8964: 8961: 8959:Further reading 8956: 8950: 8931: 8912: 8893: 8871: 8857:Wilmot, Chester 8849: 8830: 8808: 8789: 8767: 8729: 8693: 8658: 8644:Shulman, Milton 8609: 8607: 8605:tracesofwar.com 8590: 8588: 8576: 8554: 8552: 8495: 8469: 8467: 8456: 8437: 8418: 8399: 8377: 8358: 8340:Gilbert, Martin 8332: 8302: 8273: 8271: 8268:www.panorama.it 8255: 8233: 8190: 8188: 8170: 8143: 8141: 8127: 8101: 8099: 8084: 8062: 8033: 8031: 8012: 8002:Who dares, wins 7968: 7945: 7886: 7864: 7845: 7799: 7780: 7761: 7740: 7714: 7677: 7653: 7648: 7640: 7636: 7628: 7624: 7616: 7612: 7604: 7600: 7592: 7585: 7577: 7568: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7533: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7509: 7505: 7497: 7493: 7485: 7481: 7473: 7469: 7463:Zetterling 2000 7461: 7457: 7449: 7445: 7439:Zetterling 2000 7437: 7433: 7425: 7418: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7386: 7382: 7374: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7326: 7322: 7314: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7242: 7238: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7194: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7140: 7133: 7125: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7077: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7041: 7037: 7029: 7025: 7017: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6933: 6929: 6921: 6917: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6873: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6813: 6809: 6801: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6741: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6705: 6701: 6693: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6594: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6546: 6542: 6534: 6530: 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6438: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6378: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6347: 6339: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6315: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6204: 6197: 6193:, pp. 1–2. 6189: 6185: 6177: 6173: 6165: 6158: 6150: 6143: 6135: 6128: 6120: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6069: 6058: 6050: 6041: 6033: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6009: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5973: 5969: 5961: 5957: 5949: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5925: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5898: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5853: 5845: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5665: 5658: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5425: 5421: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5314:Buckingham 2004 5312: 5308: 5300: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5221: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5165: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5090: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5066: 5062: 5054: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4917: 4911:Zetterling 2000 4909: 4905: 4897: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4863: 4855: 4846: 4838: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4752: 4745: 4737: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4708:Zetterling 2000 4706: 4702: 4696:Zetterling 2000 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4672:Zetterling 2000 4670: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4606:US Navy website 4604: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4580: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4374: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4328: 4299:Bayeux Tapestry 4267: 4233: 4212: 4207: 4179:on 12 January. 4145: 4047:U.S. Third Army 4035:Operation Cobra 4015: 3979:Operation Epsom 3954:Operation Perch 3946: 3944:Battle for Caen 3937:Battle for Caen 3929: 3884: 3876:Main articles: 3874: 3793:The photograph 3725: 3701:Main articles: 3699: 3649: 3646: 3638: 3616: 3614: 3592: 3590:Mobile reserves 3532: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3380: 3352:Southwick House 3348:Royal Air Force 3320: 3314: 3300:top officials. 3274:live ammunition 3266: 3167: 3161: 3125:Churchill tanks 3054: 3007:depth soundings 2986: 2825: 2813:21st Army Group 2713:an invasion of 2711:Operation Torch 2643: 2617:trapped in the 2615:German 7th Army 2548:21st Army Group 2521:English Channel 2482: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2239: 2233: 2231: 2201: 2196: 1923:St Nazaire Raid 1875:The Hardest Day 1742:Fort Eben-Emael 1728:Rotterdam Blitz 1686:The Netherlands 1634: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1595: 1590: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1398: 1393: 1380: 1167:Verrières Ridge 1089:Le Mesnil-Patry 1012: 1010:Ground campaign 920: 883:American Sector 850:British Sector 849: 755: 752: 748: 746: 744: 710: 685: 673: 671: 664: 651: 647: 637: 627: 617: 607: 594: 579: 560: 552: 542: 534: 524: 514: 504: 498: 494: 484: 480: 469: 468: 464: 454: 450: 440: 432: 421: 420: 399: 397: 396: 386: 384: 382: 374: 363: 361: 349: 347: 336: 334: 324: 322: 312: 310: 298: 296: 283: 281: 268: 256: 254: 242: 240: 230: 228: 216: 214: 202: 200: 189: 187: 176: 174: 135: 133: 129: 126: 121: 118: 116: 114: 113: 112: 98: 73: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14113: 14103: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14005:1944 in France 14002: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13955: 13949: 13944: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13902: 13900: 13896: 13895: 13893: 13892: 13887: 13885:Pegasus Bridge 13882: 13877: 13872: 13870:Falaise pocket 13866: 13864: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13815: 13813: 13809: 13808: 13806: 13805: 13800: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13762: 13756: 13750: 13749: 13748: 13736: 13729: 13727: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13711: 13708:Villers-Bocage 13705: 13699: 13693: 13687: 13681: 13675: 13669: 13663: 13656: 13654: 13650: 13649: 13647: 13646: 13640: 13634: 13628: 13622: 13616: 13610: 13604: 13598: 13592: 13584: 13578: 13572: 13566: 13560: 13554: 13548: 13542: 13536: 13530: 13524: 13519: 13518:(assault plan) 13513: 13512:(overall plan) 13506: 13504: 13500: 13499: 13487: 13486: 13479: 13472: 13464: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13418:WW II theatres 13414: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13373: 13366: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13318: 13316: 13310: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13273: 13271: 13267: 13266: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13261: 13249: 13247: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13215: 13213: 13207: 13206: 13204: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13154: 13152: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13075: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13043: 13041: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13017: 13015: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12980:Tulle massacre 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12951: 12949: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12941: 12935: 12933: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12925: 12919: 12917: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12909: 12904: 12898: 12896: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12879: 12877: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12850: 12848: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12837: 12831: 12829: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12821: 12815: 12813: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12802: 12796: 12794: 12784: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12741: 12739: 12737:Administration 12733: 12732: 12730: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12673: 12671: 12665: 12664: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12571:3rd Army Corps 12568: 12558: 12553: 12551:Army of Africa 12547: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12509: 12506: 12505: 12491: 12490: 12483: 12476: 12468: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12455: 12448: 12441: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12404: 12397: 12383: 12382: 12381: 12367: 12364:South Sakhalin 12360: 12359: 12358: 12344: 12337: 12330: 12323: 12316: 12315: 12314: 12300: 12293: 12286: 12279: 12272: 12265: 12258: 12251: 12244: 12237: 12230: 12223: 12216: 12209: 12201: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12189: 12182: 12181: 12180: 12164: 12157: 12156: 12155: 12141: 12134: 12127: 12120: 12113: 12104: 12095: 12088: 12079: 12072: 12065: 12058: 12049: 12042: 12035: 12028: 12021: 12014: 12007: 11998: 11991: 11982: 11973: 11964: 11957: 11950: 11939: 11929: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11917: 11910: 11909: 11908: 11901: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11858: 11857: 11843: 11836: 11827: 11820: 11813: 11806: 11799: 11792: 11789:Battle of Attu 11785: 11778: 11770: 11768: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11758: 11751: 11742: 11735: 11728: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11698: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11680: 11666: 11659: 11652: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11624: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11595: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11562: 11555: 11548: 11541: 11538:Battle of Guam 11534: 11527: 11520: 11513: 11506: 11499: 11492: 11485: 11478: 11471: 11464: 11461:Battle of Kiev 11457: 11450: 11436: 11435: 11434: 11420: 11413: 11406: 11399: 11392: 11391: 11390: 11376: 11369: 11362: 11354: 11352: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11342: 11333: 11326: 11319: 11312: 11305: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11277: 11270: 11263: 11256: 11249: 11242: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11214: 11206: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11194: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11166: 11159: 11152: 11144: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11102: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11079: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11048: 11046: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11023: 11016: 11009: 11008: 11007: 11000: 10988: 10987: 10986: 10972: 10965: 10964: 10963: 10960:United Kingdom 10956: 10949: 10948: 10947: 10928: 10920: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10908: 10901: 10900: 10899: 10892: 10880: 10873: 10866: 10859: 10852: 10845: 10838: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10810: 10803: 10796: 10789: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10773: 10759: 10752: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10724: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10661: 10654: 10646: 10644: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10634: 10627: 10620: 10613: 10606: 10599: 10592: 10585: 10578: 10571: 10564: 10556: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10544: 10537: 10530: 10523: 10516: 10508: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10486: 10485: 10470: 10463: 10456: 10449: 10442: 10435: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10405: 10397: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10362: 10361: 10360: 10357:British Empire 10350:United Kingdom 10346: 10339: 10332: 10325: 10318: 10311: 10299: 10292: 10285: 10278: 10271: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10243: 10231: 10224: 10217: 10210: 10203: 10191: 10183: 10176: 10169: 10166:Czechoslovakia 10162: 10155: 10148: 10141: 10129: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10100: 10098: 10089: 10083: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10066: 10063:Rape of Manila 10059: 10052: 10045: 10034: 10019: 10012: 10000: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9984: 9970: 9969: 9968: 9961: 9954: 9940: 9933: 9932: 9931: 9924: 9923: 9922: 9915: 9901: 9894: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9849: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9837: 9834:United Nations 9830: 9823: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9807: 9800: 9793: 9779: 9770: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9740: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9693:Decolonization 9689: 9682: 9674: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9662: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9639: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9593: 9579: 9578: 9577: 9570: 9563: 9556: 9549: 9542: 9527: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9465: 9464: 9457: 9443: 9436: 9429: 9422: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9400: 9399: 9385: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9369: 9366:United Kingdom 9362: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9289: 9287: 9278: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9255: 9254: 9247: 9240: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9212: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9193: 9192: 9185: 9178: 9170: 9164: 9163: 9152: 9151:External links 9149: 9148: 9147: 9141: 9128: 9122: 9105: 9083: 9077: 9057: 9037: 9026: 9020: 9004: 8998: 8986:Foot, M. R. D. 8982: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8948: 8935: 8929: 8916: 8910: 8897: 8891: 8875: 8869: 8853: 8847: 8834: 8828: 8812: 8806: 8793: 8787: 8771: 8765: 8748: 8733: 8727: 8710: 8684: 8662: 8656: 8640: 8616: 8597: 8580: 8574: 8561: 8536: 8510:(1): 215–238. 8499: 8493: 8476: 8460: 8454: 8441: 8435: 8422: 8416: 8403: 8397: 8381: 8375: 8362: 8356: 8336: 8330: 8314:Polmar, Norman 8306: 8300: 8280: 8259: 8253: 8245:Villers Bocage 8237: 8231: 8214: 8197: 8174: 8168: 8150: 8131: 8125: 8108: 8088: 8082: 8066: 8060: 8040: 8016: 8010: 7993: 7981:The Red Berets 7972: 7966: 7949: 7943: 7931:Copp, J. Terry 7927: 7910: 7890: 7884: 7868: 7862: 7849: 7843: 7827: 7803: 7797: 7784: 7778: 7765: 7759: 7744: 7738: 7722:Beevor, Antony 7718: 7712: 7699: 7681: 7675: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7646: 7634: 7622: 7620:, p. 292. 7610: 7608:, p. 337. 7598: 7596:, p. 352. 7583: 7581:, p. 354. 7566: 7564:, p. 520. 7551: 7549:, p. 350. 7539: 7537:, p. 305. 7527: 7525:, p. 470. 7515: 7503: 7501:, p. 166. 7491: 7489:, p. 252. 7479: 7477:, p. 616. 7467: 7455: 7453:, p. 661. 7443: 7431: 7429:, p. 343. 7416: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7378:, p. 517. 7368: 7366:, p. 522. 7356: 7344: 7332: 7328:Margolian 1998 7320: 7308: 7306:, p. 292. 7296: 7294:, p. 291. 7284: 7282:, p. 259. 7272: 7260: 7248: 7246:, p. 289. 7236: 7234:, p. 343. 7224: 7222:, p. 290. 7212: 7210:, p. 149. 7200: 7198:, p. 109. 7196:Whitmarsh 2009 7185: 7183:, p. 485. 7173: 7158: 7156:, p. 219. 7146: 7144:, p. 286. 7131: 7129:, p. 430. 7119: 7107: 7105:, p. 429. 7095: 7083: 7081:, p. 642. 7071: 7059: 7057:, p. 369. 7047: 7045:, p. 424. 7035: 7023: 7021:, p. 377. 7011: 7009:, p. 420. 6999: 6997:, p. 418. 6987: 6985:, p. 440. 6975: 6963: 6951: 6949:, p. 410. 6939: 6927: 6915: 6903: 6901:, Map, p. 344. 6891: 6879: 6867: 6865:, p. 273. 6855: 6843: 6841:, p. 347. 6831: 6819: 6817:, p. 342. 6807: 6795: 6783: 6781:, p. 186. 6771: 6759: 6757:, p. 182. 6747: 6745:, p. 179. 6735: 6723: 6719:Whitmarsh 2009 6711: 6709:, p. 175. 6699: 6697:, p. 301. 6684: 6672: 6670:, p. 360. 6660: 6648: 6646:, p. 335. 6636: 6632:Whitmarsh 2009 6624: 6622:, p. 331. 6612: 6610:, p. 387. 6600: 6588: 6586:, p. 283. 6576: 6564: 6552: 6540: 6538:, p. 131. 6528: 6516: 6504: 6492: 6480: 6478:, p. 337. 6468: 6456: 6444: 6432: 6420: 6408: 6396: 6394:, Map, p. 170. 6384: 6382:, p. 172. 6372: 6370:, p. 115. 6360: 6358:, p. 116. 6345: 6333: 6329:Whitmarsh 2009 6321: 6306: 6304:, p. 118. 6294: 6282: 6270: 6258: 6246: 6234: 6222: 6210: 6195: 6183: 6179:Whitmarsh 2009 6171: 6169:, p. 192. 6156: 6152:Whitmarsh 2009 6141: 6126: 6111: 6107:Whitmarsh 2009 6099: 6087: 6075: 6071:Whitmarsh 2009 6056: 6039: 6027: 6025:, p. 182. 6015: 6013:, p. 225. 6003: 5991: 5979: 5967: 5955: 5943: 5931: 5929:, p. 144. 5916: 5904: 5902:, p. 131. 5892: 5880: 5868: 5864:Whitmarsh 2009 5851: 5847:Whitmarsh 2009 5834: 5832:, p. 667. 5822: 5818:Whitmarsh 2009 5810: 5806:Whitmarsh 2009 5791: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5741:, p. 227. 5731: 5719: 5717:, p. 254. 5707: 5695: 5683: 5671: 5667:Whitmarsh 2009 5656: 5644: 5642:, p. 282. 5632: 5628:Whitmarsh 2009 5617: 5605: 5603:, p. 465. 5593: 5591:, p. 680. 5581: 5569: 5557: 5555:, p. 208. 5545: 5543:, p. 195. 5533: 5531:, p. 182. 5521: 5517:Whitmarsh 2009 5509: 5507:, p. 321. 5494: 5492:, p. 183. 5482: 5480:, p. 181. 5470: 5466:Whitmarsh 2009 5458: 5454:Whitmarsh 2009 5443: 5439:Whitmarsh 2009 5431: 5419: 5417:, p. 623. 5407: 5395: 5391:Whitmarsh 2009 5383: 5371: 5369:, p. 594. 5367:Churchill 1951 5359: 5347: 5330: 5326:Churchill 1951 5318: 5306: 5287: 5285:, p. 642. 5283:Churchill 1951 5275: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5237:, p. 684. 5227: 5223:Whitmarsh 2009 5212: 5210:, p. 491. 5200: 5183: 5171: 5169:, p. 170. 5156: 5144: 5142:, p. 316. 5132: 5120: 5108: 5096: 5092:Whitmarsh 2009 5084: 5072: 5060: 5045: 5043:, p. 319. 5033: 5021: 5009: 5007:, p. 582. 5005:Churchill 1951 4997: 4985: 4973: 4971:, p. 115. 4969:Churchill 1949 4961: 4959:, p. 322. 4949: 4934: 4932:, p. 519. 4915: 4903: 4888: 4876: 4861: 4859:, p. 342. 4844: 4842:, p. 341. 4821: 4809: 4807:, p. 271. 4794: 4790:britannica.com 4782: 4770: 4758: 4743: 4741:, p. 434. 4724: 4722:, p. 192. 4712: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4674:, p. 408. 4661: 4649: 4647:, p. 181. 4637: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4596:, p. 492. 4586: 4569: 4557: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4523: 4514: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4476: 4467: 4458: 4445: 4436: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4376:History portal 4363: 4360: 4327: 4324: 4311:Battle of Caen 4266: 4263: 4232: 4229: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4144: 4143:Campaign close 4141: 4107:under General 4025:, August 1944. 4023:Falaise Pocket 4014: 4011: 3970:Villers-Bocage 3942:Main article: 3928: 3925: 3873: 3870: 3698: 3695: 3644: 3634:Main article: 3613: 3610: 3599:(commander of 3591: 3588: 3527: 3517:Main article: 3514: 3511: 3379: 3376: 3316:Main article: 3313: 3310: 3293:Exercise Tiger 3265: 3262: 3160: 3157: 3053: 3050: 3026:Bletchley Park 3022:Enigma machine 2985: 2984:Reconnaissance 2982: 2956:, under which 2952:commanded the 2926:Bertram Ramsay 2852:Transport Plan 2824: 2821: 2763:Hawker Typhoon 2657:(BEF)) in the 2651:fall of France 2642: 2639: 2619:Falaise pocket 2542:, and General 2497:Western Europe 2477: 2476: 2474: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2215: 2207: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2101: 2094: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2068: 2061: 2054: 2047: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1985:Hürtgen Forest 1982: 1975: 1970: 1968:Siegfried Line 1965: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1918:Commando Raids 1915: 1913:Baedeker Blitz 1910: 1903: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1841: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1718:The Grebbeberg 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1682: 1681: 1668: 1667: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1609: 1601: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1566: 1561: 1554: 1547: 1542: 1535: 1530: 1528:Hürtgen Forest 1525: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1427: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1404: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1379: 1378: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1290:Pierres Noires 1287: 1282: 1277: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1218: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1084:Villers-Bocage 1074: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1018:Brécourt Manor 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 999: 989: 988: 987: 971: 970: 968:Port-en-Bessin 965: 960: 955: 950: 939: 938: 933: 928: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 879: 878: 871: 870: 869: 864: 844: 843: 838: 833: 826: 819: 817:Transport Plan 814: 809: 804: 803: 802: 797: 790: 783: 769: 760: 757: 756: 743: 742: 735: 728: 720: 712: 711: 709: 708: 702: 699: 695: 687: 686: 684: 683: 680: 679:2,127 aircraft 677: 670:~80,000 killed 667: 665: 663: 662: 659: 658:4,101 aircraft 656: 652: 646: 645: 635: 625: 615: 604: 601: 600: 596: 595: 593: 592: 589: 586: 582: 580: 578: 577: 574: 570: 567: 566: 562: 561: 559: 558: 540: 522: 501: 499: 497: 496: 492:Bertram Ramsay 482: 466: 452: 438: 417: 414: 413: 409: 408: 375: 373: 372: 359: 344: 332: 320: 308: 293: 290:Czechoslovakia 278: 266: 251: 238: 226: 211: 198: 196:United Kingdom 185: 172: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 152: 151: 150:Allied victory 148: 144: 143: 107: 105: 101: 100: 95: 87: 86: 65: 64: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14112: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13959: 13956: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13906:Atlantic Wall 13904: 13903: 13901: 13897: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13812:Gun batteries 13810: 13804: 13801: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13766: 13763: 13760: 13757: 13754: 13751: 13746: 13745:Pointe du Hoc 13743: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13734: 13731: 13730: 13728: 13716: 13709: 13706: 13703: 13700: 13697: 13694: 13691: 13688: 13685: 13682: 13679: 13676: 13673: 13670: 13667: 13664: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13651: 13644: 13641: 13638: 13635: 13632: 13629: 13626: 13623: 13620: 13617: 13614: 13611: 13608: 13605: 13602: 13599: 13596: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13585: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13573: 13570: 13567: 13564: 13561: 13558: 13555: 13552: 13549: 13546: 13543: 13540: 13537: 13534: 13531: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13517: 13514: 13511: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13497: 13493: 13492:Western Front 13485: 13480: 13478: 13473: 13471: 13466: 13465: 13462: 13450: 13449:Sino Japanese 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13434:Eastern Front 13432: 13430: 13429:Western Front 13427: 13425: 13422: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13412: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13395: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13378: 13374: 13372: 13371: 13367: 13365: 13364: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13317: 13311: 13299: 13298:Saint-Nazaire 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13268: 13260: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13241: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13229:Colmar Pocket 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13208: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13149: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13079: 13078:Saint-Nazaire 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13038: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13018: 13016: 13012: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12950: 12946: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12930: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12914: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12876: 12871: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12842: 12836: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12826: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12812: 12807: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12777: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12734: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12666: 12659: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12600: 12596: 12592: 12591:32nd Infantry 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12566:Cavalry Corps 12564: 12563: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12540: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12507: 12503: 12498: 12489: 12484: 12482: 12477: 12475: 12470: 12469: 12466: 12453: 12449: 12446: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12433: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12409: 12405: 12402: 12398: 12395: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12384: 12379: 12375: 12374: 12372: 12371:Kuril Islands 12368: 12365: 12361: 12356: 12352: 12351: 12349: 12345: 12342: 12338: 12335: 12331: 12328: 12324: 12321: 12317: 12312: 12308: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12291: 12287: 12284: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12266: 12263: 12259: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12245: 12242: 12238: 12235: 12231: 12228: 12224: 12221: 12217: 12214: 12210: 12207: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12198: 12194: 12187: 12183: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12171: 12169: 12165: 12162: 12158: 12153: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12142: 12139: 12138:Syrmian Front 12135: 12132: 12128: 12125: 12121: 12118: 12114: 12111: 12110: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12085: 12084:Market Garden 12080: 12077: 12073: 12070: 12066: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12050: 12047: 12043: 12040: 12036: 12033: 12029: 12026: 12022: 12019: 12015: 12012: 12008: 12005: 12004: 11999: 11996: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11971: 11970: 11965: 11962: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11943:Monte Cassino 11940: 11937: 11936: 11931: 11930: 11928: 11926: 11922: 11915: 11911: 11906: 11902: 11899: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11888: 11885: 11881: 11878: 11874: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11860: 11855: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11825: 11821: 11818: 11814: 11811: 11807: 11804: 11800: 11797: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11779: 11776: 11772: 11771: 11769: 11767: 11763: 11756: 11752: 11749: 11748: 11743: 11740: 11736: 11733: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11720: 11717: 11713: 11710: 11706: 11703: 11699: 11696: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11681: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11667: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11653: 11650: 11646: 11643: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11629: 11625: 11622: 11618: 11615: 11611: 11608: 11604: 11601: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11581: 11577: 11574: 11570: 11567: 11563: 11560: 11556: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11542: 11539: 11535: 11532: 11528: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11514: 11511: 11507: 11504: 11500: 11497: 11493: 11490: 11486: 11483: 11479: 11476: 11472: 11469: 11465: 11462: 11458: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11437: 11432: 11428: 11427: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11414: 11411: 11407: 11404: 11400: 11397: 11393: 11388: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11377: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11360: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11351: 11347: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11331: 11327: 11324: 11320: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11309:Baltic states 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11292: 11289: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11261: 11257: 11254: 11250: 11247: 11243: 11240: 11236: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11222: 11219: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11199: 11192: 11188: 11185: 11181: 11178: 11174: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11160: 11157: 11153: 11150: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11137: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11117: 11114: 11110: 11107: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11084: 11080: 11077: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11066: 11061: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11045: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11032: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11005: 11001: 10998: 10994: 10993: 10989: 10984: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10953:United States 10950: 10945: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10934: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10906: 10902: 10897: 10893: 10890: 10889:Quốc dân Đảng 10886: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10860: 10857: 10853: 10850: 10846: 10843: 10839: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10825: 10822: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10804: 10801: 10797: 10794: 10790: 10787: 10783: 10778: 10774: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10760: 10757: 10753: 10750: 10746: 10743: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10725: 10722: 10718: 10715: 10711: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10673: 10669: 10666: 10662: 10659: 10655: 10652: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10632: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10600: 10597: 10593: 10590: 10589:Liechtenstein 10586: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10572: 10569: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10553: 10549: 10542: 10541:Collaboration 10538: 10535: 10531: 10528: 10524: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10483: 10479: 10478: 10475: 10471: 10468: 10464: 10461: 10457: 10454: 10450: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10406: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10383: 10379: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10366:United States 10363: 10358: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10344: 10340: 10337: 10333: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10300: 10297: 10293: 10290: 10286: 10283: 10279: 10276: 10272: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10229: 10225: 10222: 10218: 10215: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10163: 10160: 10156: 10153: 10149: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10056:Comfort women 10053: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10040: / 10039: 10035: 10032: 10029: / 10028: 10025: / 10024: 10020: 10017: 10016:Camp brothels 10013: 10010: 10006: 10005: 10001: 9998: 9994: 9989: 9985: 9982: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9966: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9929: 9925: 9920: 9916: 9913: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9905:The Holocaust 9902: 9899: 9895: 9892: 9891:forced labour 9888: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9865: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9842: 9835: 9831: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9817: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9762: 9759: 9755: 9752: 9748: 9745: 9744:Marshall Plan 9741: 9738: 9737: 9732: 9729: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9660: 9656: 9651: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9633: 9628: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9598: 9597:Eastern Front 9594: 9591: 9590:Western Front 9587: 9586: 9584: 9580: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9550: 9547: 9543: 9540: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9484:Puppet states 9481: 9478: 9474: 9471: 9467: 9462: 9458: 9455: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9430: 9427: 9426:Naval history 9423: 9420: 9416: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9402: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9379: 9374: 9373:United States 9370: 9367: 9363: 9360: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9302: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9275: 9268: 9264: 9261: 9257: 9252: 9248: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9224: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9191: 9186: 9184: 9179: 9177: 9172: 9171: 9168: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9144: 9138: 9134: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9114: 9113: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9069: 9068: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9033: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8962: 8951: 8949:1-55365-050-6 8945: 8941: 8936: 8932: 8930:0-921991-56-8 8926: 8922: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8870:1-85326-677-9 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8844: 8840: 8835: 8831: 8829:0-7737-2194-0 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8799: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8692: 8691: 8685: 8681: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8666:Stacey, C. P. 8663: 8659: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8586: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8550: 8546: 8542: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8500: 8496: 8494:0-13-127796-0 8490: 8485: 8484: 8477: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8447: 8442: 8438: 8432: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8409: 8404: 8400: 8398:0-307-27571-X 8394: 8390: 8386: 8385:Hastings, Max 8382: 8378: 8376:0-02-881057-0 8372: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8353: 8348: 8347: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8322: 8321: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8269: 8265: 8260: 8256: 8254:0-7509-3012-8 8250: 8246: 8242: 8241:Forty, George 8238: 8234: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8198: 8186: 8185:The Telegraph 8181: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8151: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8126:1-84574-058-0 8122: 8118: 8114: 8109: 8098: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8083:0-14-101761-9 8079: 8075: 8071: 8070:D'Este, Carlo 8067: 8063: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8041: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7998:Qui ose gagne 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7973: 7969: 7967:0-8020-3730-5 7963: 7958: 7957: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7885:0-415-40773-7 7881: 7877: 7873: 7872:Buckley, John 7869: 7865: 7859: 7855: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7815: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7790: 7785: 7781: 7779:0-85052-412-1 7775: 7771: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7745: 7741: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7713:0-85045-921-4 7709: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7678: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7643: 7642:Traces of War 7638: 7631: 7626: 7619: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7595: 7590: 7588: 7580: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7563: 7558: 7556: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7531: 7524: 7519: 7512: 7507: 7500: 7495: 7488: 7483: 7476: 7471: 7465:, p. 74. 7464: 7459: 7452: 7447: 7441:, p. 77. 7440: 7435: 7428: 7423: 7421: 7413: 7408: 7401: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7377: 7372: 7365: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7341: 7336: 7329: 7324: 7317: 7312: 7305: 7300: 7293: 7288: 7281: 7276: 7270:, p. 36. 7269: 7264: 7257: 7252: 7245: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7190: 7182: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7163: 7155: 7150: 7143: 7138: 7136: 7128: 7123: 7116: 7111: 7104: 7099: 7092: 7087: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7055:Hastings 2006 7051: 7044: 7039: 7032: 7027: 7020: 7015: 7008: 7003: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6979: 6972: 6967: 6960: 6955: 6948: 6943: 6936: 6931: 6924: 6919: 6912: 6907: 6900: 6895: 6888: 6883: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6859: 6853:, p. 73. 6852: 6847: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6823: 6816: 6811: 6804: 6799: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6763: 6756: 6751: 6744: 6739: 6732: 6727: 6721:, p. 49. 6720: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6696: 6691: 6689: 6681: 6676: 6669: 6664: 6658:, p. 13. 6657: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6634:, p. 87. 6633: 6628: 6621: 6616: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6592: 6585: 6580: 6573: 6568: 6561: 6556: 6549: 6544: 6537: 6532: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6441: 6436: 6430:, p. 45. 6429: 6424: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6342: 6337: 6331:, p. 51. 6330: 6325: 6318: 6313: 6311: 6303: 6298: 6292:, p. 70. 6291: 6286: 6280:, p. 69. 6279: 6274: 6267: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6232:, p. 51. 6231: 6226: 6220:, p. 79. 6219: 6214: 6208:, p. 74. 6207: 6202: 6200: 6192: 6187: 6181:, p. 42. 6180: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6161: 6154:, p. 15. 6153: 6148: 6146: 6139:, p. 31. 6138: 6133: 6131: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6109:, p. 12. 6108: 6103: 6097:, p. 11. 6096: 6091: 6085:, p. 33. 6084: 6079: 6073:, p. 13. 6072: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6054:, p. 30. 6053: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6031: 6024: 6023:Williams 2013 6019: 6012: 6007: 6000: 5995: 5989:, p. 37. 5988: 5983: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5959: 5953:, p. 13. 5952: 5947: 5941:, p. 34. 5940: 5935: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5878:, p. 21. 5877: 5872: 5866:, p. 33. 5865: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5849:, p. 31. 5848: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5808:, p. 30. 5807: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5789:, p. 46. 5788: 5783: 5776: 5771: 5764: 5759: 5753:, p. 36. 5752: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5699: 5693:, p. 35. 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5669:, p. 34. 5668: 5663: 5661: 5653: 5648: 5641: 5636: 5630:, p. 27. 5629: 5624: 5622: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5590: 5589:Weinberg 1995 5585: 5579:, p. 73. 5578: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5501: 5499: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5456:, p. 11. 5455: 5450: 5448: 5441:, p. 21. 5440: 5435: 5429:, p. 81. 5428: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5405:, p. 25. 5404: 5399: 5393:, Map, p. 12. 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5368: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5327: 5322: 5316:, p. 88. 5315: 5310: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5284: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5261:, p. 13. 5260: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5236: 5235:Weinberg 1995 5231: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5209: 5204: 5198:, p. 14. 5197: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5180: 5175: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5153: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5117: 5112: 5106:, p. 23. 5105: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5081: 5076: 5070:, p. 10. 5069: 5064: 5058:, p. 11. 5057: 5052: 5050: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4989: 4983:, p. 20. 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4953: 4946: 4941: 4939: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4913:, p. 83. 4912: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4858: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4841: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4791: 4786: 4780:, p. 92. 4779: 4774: 4767: 4762: 4755: 4750: 4748: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4721: 4716: 4710:, p. 34. 4709: 4704: 4698:, p. 32. 4697: 4692: 4686:, p. 85. 4685: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4657:Frittoli 2019 4653: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4619: 4614: 4607: 4602: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4582:Williams 1988 4578: 4576: 4574: 4567:, p. 76. 4566: 4561: 4555:, p. 82. 4554: 4549: 4547: 4542: 4527: 4518: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4440: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4366: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4345: 4337: 4332: 4323: 4319: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4276: 4271: 4262: 4259: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4228: 4226: 4216: 4202: 4198: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4149: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4019: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3997:on 8–9 July. 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3962:pincer attack 3959: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3791: 3787: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757:Pointe du Hoc 3753: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707:Pointe du Hoc 3704: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3637: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3580:Rommelspargel 3576: 3573:, mines, and 3572: 3571:metal tripods 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3525: 3520: 3519:Atlantic Wall 3513:Atlantic Wall 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3449:static troops 3446: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3428:Eastern Front 3425: 3422: 3421:Generaloberst 3419:commanded by 3418: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3407:Generaloberst 3402: 3393: 3392:Atlantic Wall 3389: 3388:Indian Legion 3384: 3375: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3337:highest tides 3329: 3324: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:friendly fire 3282: 3275: 3270: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3211:double agents 3207: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3180:Pas de Calais 3176: 3172: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3102:Isle of Wight 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3049: 3047: 3046:Western Front 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2990: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950:Miles Dempsey 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2775:Pas de Calais 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2746:landing craft 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2688:Passchendaele 2685: 2680: 2676: 2675:Joseph Stalin 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2600:Atlantic Wall 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2453:North America 2452: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2418:Colmar Pocket 2416: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2326:Monte Cassino 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2309:Eastern Front 2307: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2286: 2285:Run for Tunis 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2024:Colmar Pocket 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1979:Market Garden 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1850: 1849:Haddock Force 1847: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1680: 1679:Schuster Line 1677: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1632: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1564:Colmar Pocket 1562: 1560: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513: 1512:Market Garden 1509: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1479:Channel Coast 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1437: 1433:Western Front 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1101:Ardenne Abbey 1099: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 993: 990: 986: 983: 982: 981: 978: 977: 976: 975: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 948: 944: 943: 942: 937: 936:Pointe du Hoc 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 922: 919: 918: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 887: 886: 885: 884: 877: 876: 872: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 857: 853: 852: 851: 848: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 831: 827: 825: 824: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 801: 798: 796: 795: 791: 789: 788: 784: 782: 781: 777: 776: 775: 774: 770: 768: 767:Atlantic Wall 765: 764: 763: 758: 751: 741: 736: 734: 729: 727: 722: 721: 718: 706: 703: 700: 697: 696: 694: 693: 688: 681: 678: 676: 669: 668: 666: 660: 657: 654: 653: 650: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 605: 603: 602: 597: 590: 587: 584: 583: 581: 575: 572: 571: 569: 568: 563: 556: 551: 546: 541: 538: 533: 528: 523: 520: 519: 513: 508: 503: 502: 500: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 467: 463: 458: 453: 449: 448:Arthur Tedder 444: 439: 436: 430: 425: 419: 418: 416: 415: 410: 407: 394: 381: 380: 376: 371: 360: 357: 345: 343: 333: 331: 321: 319: 309: 306: 294: 291: 279: 277: 272: 267: 264: 252: 250: 239: 237: 227: 224: 212: 210: 199: 197: 186: 184: 183:United States 173: 171: 170: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 149: 146: 145: 140: 111: 106: 103: 102: 96: 93: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 71: 66: 63: 59: 58:Western Front 54: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 13863:Other places 13674:(UK, Canada) 13587: 13509: 13496:World War II 13392: 13375: 13368: 13361: 13322:End of Vichy 12954: 12697:Henri Giraud 12597: 12445:Bibliography 12428: 12241:Project Hula 12206:Vistula–Oder 12175: 12108: 12099: 12083: 12053: 12002: 11986: 11977: 11976: 11968: 11934: 11831: 11746: 11722: 11692: 11443: 11336: 11281:North Africa 10983:Soviet Union 10937:Soviet Union 10863:Soviet Union 10631:Vatican City 10534:Vichy France 10439:German Reich 10336:Soviet Union 10322:South Africa 10315:Sierra Leone 10268:Newfoundland 10087:Participants 10070:Marocchinate 9774: 9765: 9735: 9613:North Africa 9574:Indian Ocean 9433:Nazi plunder 9324:Cryptography 9197:World War II 9161:Open Library 9132: 9111: 9091: 9066: 9044: 9031: 9011: 9008:Keegan, John 8989: 8969: 8939: 8920: 8901: 8882: 8860: 8838: 8819: 8797: 8778: 8756: 8752: 8738: 8718: 8714: 8689: 8670: 8647: 8627: 8608:. Retrieved 8604: 8589:. Retrieved 8565: 8553:. Retrieved 8548: 8544: 8507: 8503: 8482: 8468:. Retrieved 8445: 8426: 8407: 8388: 8366: 8345: 8319: 8289: 8272:. Retrieved 8270:(in Italian) 8267: 8244: 8222: 8201: 8189:. Retrieved 8184: 8158: 8142:. Retrieved 8138: 8116: 8100:. Retrieved 8096: 8073: 8051: 8048:Foot, M.R.D. 8044:Dear, I.C.B. 8032:. Retrieved 8028:the original 8023: 8001: 7997: 7980: 7976: 7955: 7934: 7914: 7897: 7875: 7853: 7834: 7812: 7788: 7769: 7749: 7727: 7703: 7685: 7664: 7637: 7625: 7613: 7601: 7542: 7530: 7518: 7506: 7499:Shulman 2007 7494: 7482: 7470: 7458: 7446: 7434: 7411: 7407: 7395: 7383: 7371: 7359: 7347: 7335: 7323: 7311: 7299: 7287: 7275: 7263: 7251: 7239: 7227: 7215: 7203: 7176: 7149: 7122: 7110: 7098: 7086: 7074: 7062: 7050: 7038: 7026: 7019:Bradley 1951 7014: 7002: 6990: 6978: 6966: 6954: 6942: 6930: 6918: 6906: 6894: 6882: 6870: 6858: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6810: 6798: 6786: 6774: 6762: 6750: 6738: 6726: 6714: 6702: 6675: 6663: 6651: 6639: 6627: 6615: 6603: 6591: 6579: 6567: 6555: 6543: 6531: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6435: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6387: 6375: 6363: 6336: 6324: 6319:, p. 5. 6297: 6285: 6273: 6261: 6249: 6237: 6225: 6213: 6186: 6174: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6035:Liedtke 2015 6030: 6018: 6011:Liedtke 2015 6006: 5999:Liedtke 2015 5994: 5982: 5970: 5958: 5946: 5934: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5825: 5813: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5751:Zuehlke 2004 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5691:Zuehlke 2004 5686: 5679:Bickers 1994 5674: 5654:, p. 4. 5647: 5635: 5613:Zuehlke 2004 5608: 5596: 5584: 5572: 5565:Zuehlke 2004 5560: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5512: 5485: 5473: 5461: 5434: 5427:Zuehlke 2004 5422: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5381:, p. 6. 5374: 5362: 5350: 5321: 5309: 5304:, p. 3. 5278: 5266: 5259:Buckley 2006 5254: 5242: 5230: 5208:Gilbert 1989 5203: 5179:Ambrose 1994 5174: 5147: 5135: 5123: 5116:Gilbert 1989 5111: 5104:Zuehlke 2004 5099: 5094:, p. 9. 5087: 5075: 5063: 5036: 5024: 5017:Zuehlke 2004 5012: 5000: 4988: 4981:Zuehlke 2004 4976: 4964: 4952: 4906: 4883: 4879: 4812: 4785: 4778:US Army 1953 4773: 4761: 4754:Buckley 2006 4720:Shulman 2007 4715: 4703: 4691: 4679: 4652: 4640: 4633:Meadows 2016 4613: 4601: 4589: 4584:, p. x. 4560: 4526: 4517: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4439: 4427: 4422: 4348: 4340: 4320: 4308: 4292: 4280: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4221: 4199: 4191: 4186:Führerbunker 4184: 4157: 4117: 4101: 4093:20 July plot 4089:Walter Model 4084:Obersalzberg 4064: 4028: 4009:on 20 July. 3950:Hitlerjugend 3949: 3947: 3885: 3863: 3855: 3831: 3826:Bény-sur-Mer 3822: 3810: 3805:Higgins Boat 3803:, leaving a 3794: 3773: 3765:James Rudder 3754: 3734: 3653:spread from 3651: 3640: 3593: 3579: 3567: 3563:Albert Speer 3555:Army Group B 3551: 3543:strongpoints 3535: 3484: 3453: 3444:Hitlerjugend 3443: 3431: 3420: 3397: 3372: 3368:Erwin Rommel 3341: 3333: 3302: 3278: 3223: 3208: 3168: 3129:Sherman Crab 3117:Percy Hobart 3110: 3071: 3037: 3019: 2995: 2942:Omar Bradley 2923: 2879: 2860: 2837: 2798: 2783: 2743: 2696: 2679:second front 2667:Commonwealth 2647:Adolf Hitler 2644: 2604: 2596:Erwin Rommel 2592:Adolf Hitler 2525: 2515:preceded an 2501:World War II 2488: 2484: 2483: 2440: 2411: 2375: 2365:Saint-Marcel 2346: 2345: 2341:Mont Mouchet 2314: 2290: 2268: 2165: 2164: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2090: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2012: 1995: 1978: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1935: 1934: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1856: 1855: 1837: 1818: 1774: 1773: 1752: 1733: 1732: 1684: 1683: 1670: 1669: 1662: 1640: 1631:World War II 1568: 1556: 1549: 1537: 1510: 1461: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1328: 1321: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1299: 1295:Audierne Bay 1268: 1267: 1221: 1214: 1200: 1193: 1186: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1160: 1153: 1141: 1134: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1077: 1061: 1009: 1008: 973: 972: 946: 940: 915: 914: 881: 880: 874: 855: 846: 845: 829: 823:Postage Able 822: 793: 786: 779: 772: 761: 747: 704: 691: 690: 661:~4,000 tanks 648: 555:Army Group B 550:Erwin Rommel 516: 512:Adolf Hitler 377: 356:South Africa 167: 159:Belligerents 62:World War II 56:Part of the 43: 13921:Dieppe Raid 13854:Mont Canisy 13377:Tripartisme 13352:Victory Day 13288:La Rochelle 13179:La Rochelle 12682:Jean Moulin 12643:Second Army 12617:Divisions: 12586:1st Armored 12528:Netherlands 12176:Bodenplatte 12062:Gothic Line 11288:West Africa 10835:Philippines 10814:Netherlands 10679:Czech lands 10617:Switzerland 10561:Afghanistan 10505:Philippines 10373:Puerto Rico 10289:Philippines 10275:New Zealand 10261:Netherlands 10214:Free France 9965:Prosecution 9766:Osoaviakhim 9636:West Africa 9620:East Africa 9267:Conferences 8610:21 February 8555:10 February 8470:28 November 8274:29 November 8217:Ford, Ken; 8191:16 February 7562:Beevor 2009 7523:Zaloga 2015 7376:D'Este 2004 7364:Beevor 2009 7316:D'Este 2004 7304:Wilmot 1997 7292:Wilmot 1997 7244:Wilmot 1997 7220:Wilmot 1997 7208:Gaddis 1990 7181:Wilmot 1997 7154:Stacey 1948 7142:Stacey 1960 7127:Wilmot 1997 7115:Beevor 2009 7103:Wilmot 1997 7091:Beevor 2009 7067:Wilmot 1997 7043:Wilmot 1997 7031:Beevor 2009 7007:Wilmot 1997 6995:Wilmot 1997 6983:Beevor 2009 6971:Wilmot 1997 6959:Beevor 2009 6947:Wilmot 1997 6935:Wilmot 1997 6923:Wilmot 1997 6911:Beevor 2009 6899:Beevor 2009 6887:Beevor 2009 6863:Beevor 2009 6839:Wilmot 1997 6827:Beevor 2009 6815:Wilmot 1997 6779:Beevor 2009 6695:Wilmot 1997 6668:Wilmot 1997 6608:Wilmot 1997 6596:Beevor 2009 6584:Wilmot 1997 6560:Beevor 2009 6548:Wilmot 1997 6536:Beevor 2009 6512:Wilmot 1997 6500:Wilmot 1997 6368:Beevor 2009 6356:Beevor 2009 6317:Hughes 2010 6302:Beevor 2009 6242:Beevor 2009 6230:Beevor 2009 6218:Beevor 2009 6206:Beevor 2009 6191:Beevor 2009 6167:Wilmot 1997 6083:Beevor 2009 5963:Zaloga 2013 5939:Beevor 2009 5927:Wilmot 1997 5912:Beevor 2009 5888:Wilmot 1997 5876:Beevor 2009 5727:Fenton 2004 5652:Beevor 2009 5640:Beevor 2009 5541:Wilmot 1997 5529:Wilmot 1997 5505:Wilmot 1997 5490:Wilmot 1997 5478:Wilmot 1997 5343:Beevor 2009 5302:Beevor 2009 5167:Wilmot 1997 5152:Beevor 2009 5140:Wilmot 1997 5080:Wilmot 1997 5041:Beevor 2012 4930:Beevor 2009 4817:Maczek 2006 4805:Stacey 1960 4739:Wilmot 1997 4684:Badsey 1990 4645:Viganò 1991 4594:Beevor 2009 4565:Beevor 2009 4553:Beevor 2009 4512:historians. 4277:, July 1944 3958:Mont Pinçon 3818:Arromanches 3750:River Douve 3723:Sword Beach 3711:Omaha Beach 3679:Free French 3655:Southampton 3433:Ostlegionen 3344:James Stagg 3074:Dieppe Raid 3060:Remains of 2954:Second Army 2934:Philip Vian 2919:River Seine 2790:V-2 rockets 2750:Dieppe Raid 2692:World War I 2507:) with the 2235:Free French 2065:Blockbuster 1973:Netherlands 1928:Dieppe Raid 1723:Afsluitdijk 1648:River Forth 1435:(1944–1945) 1343:Houndsworth 1263:La Rochelle 521:of Germany) 330:Netherlands 263:New Zealand 134: / 83:Omaha Beach 13994:Categories 13931:Rhino tank 13819:Amfreville 13503:Operations 13212:March 1945 13210:Nov 1944 - 13057:Saint-Malo 12916:March 1944 12561:First Army 12523:Luxembourg 12276:West Hunan 12109:Pointblank 11445:Silver Fox 11431:Summer War 11184:Winter War 11163:Phoney War 10944:Azerbaijan 10905:Yugoslavia 10800:Luxembourg 10642:Resistance 10382:Yugoslavia 10247:Luxembourg 10049:Sook Ching 9845:War crimes 9447:Technology 9440:Opposition 9382:Lend-Lease 9359:Australian 9352:Home front 9310:Blitzkrieg 9260:Casualties 9251:Commanders 9223:Operations 7651:References 7618:Flint 2009 7606:Flint 2009 7594:Flint 2009 7579:Flint 2009 7547:Flint 2009 7535:Flint 2009 7352:Corta 1997 7079:Evans 2008 6803:Forty 2004 6266:Corta 1997 6254:Corta 1952 5739:Lewis 1990 5715:Lewis 1990 5601:Brown 2007 5415:Evans 2008 4945:Flint 2009 4766:Pogue 1954 4409:Rhino tank 4284:Land mines 4205:Casualties 3983:VIII Corps 3719:Juno Beach 3715:Gold Beach 3703:Utah Beach 3675:Caen Canal 3553:re-formed 3547:Saint-Malo 3538:St Nazaire 3234:metal foil 3163:See also: 3121:M4 Sherman 3082:breakwater 3052:Technology 2938:First Army 2882:Orne River 2856:deceptions 2848:Pointblank 2532:Washington 2406:Strasbourg 2387:Marseilles 2280:Bir Hakeim 2072:Lumberjack 1942:Baby Blitz 1907:Donnerkeil 1865:Kanalkampf 1788:Montcornet 1693:Maastricht 1672:Luxembourg 1642:Phoney War 1570:Reichswald 1389:Cemeteries 1243:Saint-Malo 812:Pointblank 318:Luxembourg 122:01°10′35″W 119:49°25′05″N 13775:Logistics 13690:Cherbourg 13637:Tractable 13563:Fortitude 13539:Charnwood 13314:Aftermath 13151:Sept 1944 13014:July 1944 12341:Manchuria 12227:Indochina 12003:Bagration 11454:Lithuania 11099:Anschluss 10896:Viet Minh 10793:Lithuania 10735:Hong Kong 10498:Manchukuo 10453:Azad Hind 10112:Australia 9912:Aftermath 9775:Paperclip 9670:Aftermath 9470:Total war 9338:Diplomacy 9301:In Europe 9053:637320842 8978:660826327 8859:(1997) . 8777:(1995) . 8706:695595624 8680:890761635 8646:(2007) . 8532:144324751 8524:1351-8046 8387:(2006) . 8286:(1990) . 8210:757064836 8072:(2004) . 7874:(2006) . 7833:(2007) . 7823:769013111 7695:220594130 7661:(1994) . 7511:Copp 2000 7280:Copp 2003 6851:Copp 2000 6656:Horn 2010 6524:Drez 2005 4538:Citations 4153:Nazi flag 3913:VII Corps 3872:Cherbourg 3816:captured 3807:on Omaha. 3771:arrived. 3438:Turkestan 3401:15th Army 3360:Wehrmacht 3297:Inveraray 3159:Deception 3149:pillboxes 3106:Dungeness 3094:blockship 2958:XXX Corps 2930:Alan Kirk 2915:Avranches 2840:lodgement 2817:divisions 2794:Cherbourg 2607:Cherbourg 2447:Indochina 2237:campaigns 2172:The Blitz 2155:Nuremberg 2150:Heilbronn 2135:Frankfurt 2120:Paderborn 2098:Undertone 2051:Veritable 2044:Blackcock 1936:1944–1945 1893:1941–1943 1827:Abbeville 1708:Rotterdam 1703:The Hague 1558:Blackcock 1383:Aftermath 1336:Bulbasket 1285:Cherbourg 1222:Tractable 1135:Charnwood 1050:Cherbourg 974:Logistics 780:Fortitude 773:Bodyguard 249:Australia 108:Northern 13943:(France) 13899:See also 13875:Hill 262 13849:Merville 13834:Houlgate 13829:Crisbecq 13824:Azeville 13761:(Canada) 13704:(Canada) 13684:Chambois 13678:Carentan 13666:Bréville 13645:(Canada) 13631:Totalize 13615:(Canada) 13591:(German) 13569:Goodwood 13533:Bluecoat 13529:(Canada) 13527:Atlantic 13510:Overlord 13424:Atlantic 13270:May 1945 13092:Égletons 13040:Aug 1944 12948:Jun 1944 12932:May 1944 12828:Dec 1941 12782:campaign 12452:Category 12401:document 12311:document 12168:Ardennes 12152:Budapest 12100:Crossbow 11978:Overlord 11817:Smolensk 11035:Timeline 10870:Slovakia 10856:Thailand 10707:Ethiopia 10672:Bulgaria 10596:Portugal 10527:Thailand 10409:Bulgaria 10187:Eswatini 10180:Ethiopia 10133:Bulgaria 9958:Unit 731 9919:Response 9736:Keelhaul 9686:Cold War 9659:Americas 9650:timeline 9643:Atlantic 9523:Theaters 9089:(1959). 9063:(2002). 9043:(1946). 9010:(1982). 8988:(1984). 8968:(1969). 8881:(2013). 8818:(1988). 8668:(1948). 8636:53-61717 8622:(1954). 8342:(1989). 8316:(2004). 8243:(2004). 8221:(2009). 8156:(2008). 8102:23 March 8034:30 March 7933:(2000). 7896:(1949). 7809:(1951). 7724:(2009). 4432:Cézembre 4362:See also 4316:Calvados 4031:Saint-Lô 3968:towards 3895:and the 3859:materiel 3746:Merderet 3659:Newhaven 3645:— 3612:Invasion 3417:7th Army 3258:Le Havre 3088:(called 3086:caissons 2886:Carentan 2767:Brittany 2552:Normandy 2412:Nordwind 2399:Dompaire 2394:Lorraine 2347:Overlord 2269:Exporter 2140:Würzburg 2019:2nd Alps 2013:Nordwind 1955:Chastity 1948:Overlord 1900:Cerberus 1886:Sea Lion 1870:Adlertag 1844:1st Alps 1803:Boulogne 1759:Gembloux 1664:Wikinger 1551:Nordwind 1518:Lorraine 1499:Boulogne 1489:Le Havre 1456:Chastity 1449:Overlord 1357:Jedburgh 1280:La Caine 1233:Chambois 1228:Hill 262 1207:Hill 140 1201:Totalize 1194:Bluecoat 1173:Breakout 1161:Goodwood 1154:Atlantic 1148:2nd Odon 1072:Bréville 1038:Carentan 1033:Saint-Lô 1023:Graignes 997:Mulberry 980:American 830:Tarbrush 787:Zeppelin 565:Strength 104:Location 13653:Battles 13643:Windsor 13619:Titanic 13601:Martlet 13595:Mallard 13588:Lüttich 13581:Jupiter 13516:Neptune 13444:Pacific 13293:Lorient 13283:Dunkirk 13189:Dunkirk 13073:Lorient 12669:Leaders 12513:Belgium 12378:Shumshu 12145:Hungary 12092:Estonia 12076:Lapland 12054:Dragoon 11987:Neptune 11969:Ichi-Go 11935:Tempest 11877:Changde 11832:Cottage 11724:Jubilee 11440:Finland 11338:Compass 11044:Prelude 10997:Finland 10883:Vietnam 10849:Romania 10721:Germany 10700:Estonia 10686:Denmark 10665:Belgium 10658:Austria 10651:Albania 10582:Ireland 10568:Andorra 10552:Neutral 10512:Romania 10446:Hungary 10431:Finland 10303:Romania 10195:Finland 10173:Denmark 10119:Belgium 10105:Algeria 9811:Romania 9797:Hungary 9553:Pacific 9277:General 9231:Leaders 9216:Battles 9209:Outline 9101:1175409 8746:. 1957. 8591:9 April 8551:(2): 20 8115:(ed.). 7989:8226637 4231:Germany 4079:Alençon 4055:Le Mans 3697:Beaches 3390:on the 3346:of the 3153:DD tank 3042:OB West 2962:I Corps 2946:V Corps 2911:Falaise 2779:isthmus 2499:during 2465:Oceania 2441:Crimson 2435:Réunion 2376:Dragoon 2370:Vercors 2331:Glières 2321:Corsica 2297:Tunisia 2160:Hamburg 2130:TF Baum 2112:Varsity 2105:Plunder 2083:Cologne 2078:Remagen 2058:Grenade 2036:Germany 2002:Scheldt 1962:Dragoon 1858:Britain 1813:Dunkirk 1735:Belgium 1713:Zeeland 1533:Scheldt 1494:Dunkirk 1463:Dragoon 1371:Wallace 1364:Dragoon 1322:Titanic 1315:Samwest 1308:Dingson 1238:Falaise 1215:Lüttich 1142:Jupiter 1128:Windsor 1114:Martlet 1108:Douvres 1043:Hill 30 992:British 905:Detroit 900:Chicago 875:Mallard 794:Titanic 762:Prelude 537:OB West 393:Germany 276:Belgium 13613:Spring 13234:Bitche 13087:Lioran 13052:Rennes 12780:French 12543:Forces 12533:Norway 12355:Debate 12327:Taipei 12320:Borneo 11898:Tarawa 11092:Europe 11053:Africa 10842:Poland 10828:Norway 10807:Malaya 10786:Latvia 10728:Greece 10714:France 10610:Sweden 10575:Bhutan 10296:Poland 10282:Norway 10254:Mexico 10221:Greece 10207:France 10145:Canada 10126:Brazil 10096:Allies 10042:Serbia 10031:Poland 9804:Poland 9790:Baltic 9583:Europe 9285:Topics 9237:Allied 9139: 9120: 9099: 9075: 9051: 9018: 8996: 8976: 8946: 8927: 8908: 8889: 8867: 8845: 8826: 8804: 8785: 8763: 8725: 8704: 8678: 8654: 8634: 8572: 8530: 8522: 8491: 8452: 8433: 8414: 8395: 8373: 8354: 8328: 8298: 8251: 8229: 8208: 8166: 8123: 8080: 8058: 8008: 7987: 7964: 7941: 7923:396150 7921: 7906:396145 7904: 7882: 7860: 7841: 7821: 7795: 7776: 7757: 7736: 7710: 7693: 7673: 4210:Allies 4124:Elbeuf 4065:While 3911:, the 3889:bocage 3866:St. Lô 3721:, and 3529: 3403:under 3364:Rennes 3192:Sussex 3141:Bobbin 2978:Poland 2972:. The 2894:Bayeux 2890:Isigny 2769:, the 2707:Allies 2493:Allied 2491:, the 2382:Toulon 2303:Europe 2145:Kassel 2091:Gisela 1990:Aachen 1819:Dynamo 1808:Calais 1793:Saumur 1776:France 1764:La Lys 1747:Hannut 1523:Aachen 1504:Calais 1484:Dieppe 1373:& 1350:Loyton 1329:Cooney 1275:Ushant 1187:Spring 947:Gambit 910:Elmira 895:Boston 890:Albany 841:Fabius 705:Total: 518:Führer 403: 390: 367: 353: 342:Norway 305:Greece 302: 287: 260: 246: 236:Poland 223:France 220: 209:Canada 206: 193: 180: 169:Allies 147:Result 110:France 13911:D-Day 13844:Maisy 13797:Pluto 13765:Sword 13741:(US) 13739:Omaha 13660:Brest 13625:Tonga 13607:Perch 13557:Epsom 13545:Cobra 13259:Royan 13184:Royan 12873:Sept 12518:Italy 12131:Leyte 11961:Narva 11947:Anzio 11905:Makin 11863:Burma 11747:Torch 11716:Rzhev 11677:Kiska 10763:Korea 10749:Japan 10742:Italy 10624:Tibet 10603:Spain 10474:Italy 10235:Italy 10228:India 10152:China 10027:Japan 9627:Italy 9539:China 9491:Women 8755:[ 8717:[ 8694:(PDF) 8528:S2CID 8144:3 May 8000:[ 7979:[ 4415:Notes 4355:acres 4169:Rhine 4137:Rouen 4051:Loire 3897:243rd 3503:116th 3098:PLUTO 3064:B at 3030:Ultra 2871:Sword 2867:Omaha 2832:D-day 2684:Somme 2635:Seine 2564:Sword 2560:Omaha 2505:D-Day 2353:Paris 2315:Husky 2291:Torch 2275:Kufra 2263:Keren 2258:Gabon 2253:Dakar 2007:Bulge 1996:Queen 1838:Paula 1832:Lille 1798:Arras 1783:Sedan 1753:David 1545:Bulge 1539:Queen 1469:Paris 1375:Hardy 1258:Paris 1248:Brest 1180:Cobra 1121:Epsom 1078:Perch 1055:Naval 1002:Pluto 953:Sword 926:Omaha 856:Tonga 836:Tiger 77:with 13767:(UK) 13759:Juno 13755:(UK) 13753:Gold 13747:(US) 13735:(US) 13733:Utah 13710:(UK) 13698:(UK) 13692:(US) 13680:(US) 13672:Caen 13668:(UK) 13662:(US) 13621:(UK) 13609:(UK) 13603:(UK) 13597:(UK) 13583:(UK) 13577:(UK) 13571:(UK) 13559:(UK) 13553:(UK) 13547:(US) 13535:(UK) 13245:1945 13243:Apr 12894:1944 12892:Jan 12875:1943 12846:1942 12844:Nov 12811:1941 12809:Jun 12792:1940 12790:Nov 12197:1945 11925:1944 11766:1943 11694:Blue 11684:Attu 11591:1942 11350:1941 11202:1940 11140:1939 11069:Asia 10916:POWs 10756:Jews 10467:Iraq 10393:Axis 10343:Tuva 10159:Cuba 9244:Axis 9137:ISBN 9118:ISBN 9097:OCLC 9073:ISBN 9049:OCLC 9016:ISBN 8994:ISBN 8974:OCLC 8944:ISBN 8925:ISBN 8906:ISBN 8887:ISBN 8865:ISBN 8843:ISBN 8824:ISBN 8802:ISBN 8783:ISBN 8761:ISBN 8723:ISBN 8702:OCLC 8676:OCLC 8652:ISBN 8632:LCCN 8612:2019 8593:2023 8570:ISBN 8557:2023 8520:ISSN 8489:ISBN 8472:2020 8450:ISBN 8431:ISBN 8412:ISBN 8393:ISBN 8371:ISBN 8352:ISBN 8326:ISBN 8296:ISBN 8276:2020 8249:ISBN 8227:ISBN 8206:OCLC 8193:2014 8164:ISBN 8146:2022 8121:ISBN 8104:2022 8078:ISBN 8056:ISBN 8036:2017 8006:ISBN 7985:OCLC 7962:ISBN 7939:ISBN 7919:OCLC 7902:OCLC 7880:ISBN 7858:ISBN 7839:ISBN 7819:OCLC 7793:ISBN 7774:ISBN 7755:ISBN 7734:ISBN 7708:ISBN 7691:OCLC 7671:ISBN 4334:The 4286:and 4275:Caen 4043:Vire 4001:and 3987:Odon 3927:Caen 3899:and 3880:and 3681:4th 3665:and 3663:82nd 3541:the 3501:and 3499:19th 3495:11th 3485:The 3472:10th 3470:and 3190:and 3188:Kent 3123:and 2996:The 2968:Sir 2902:Juno 2898:Gold 2875:Utah 2788:and 2761:and 2701:and 2686:and 2611:Caen 2572:Juno 2568:Gold 2566:and 2558:and 2556:Utah 2423:Alps 2360:Elba 2125:Ruhr 1698:Mill 1653:Saar 1576:Alps 1067:Caen 963:Gold 958:Juno 931:Utah 379:Axis 94:Date 75:LSTs 12581:5th 12576:4th 9159:at 8512:doi 3755:At 3683:SAS 3657:to 3491:9th 3468:9th 3248:in 3228:, 3011:BBC 2786:V-1 2694:. 2690:in 2530:in 2336:Ist 60:of 13996:: 13494:, 13279:: 13255:: 13175:: 13069:: 11945:/ 8742:. 8696:. 8626:. 8603:. 8549:15 8547:. 8543:. 8526:. 8518:. 8508:28 8506:. 8266:. 8183:. 8137:. 8095:. 8046:; 8022:. 7586:^ 7569:^ 7554:^ 7419:^ 7188:^ 7161:^ 7134:^ 6687:^ 6348:^ 6309:^ 6198:^ 6159:^ 6144:^ 6129:^ 6114:^ 6059:^ 6042:^ 5919:^ 5854:^ 5837:^ 5794:^ 5659:^ 5620:^ 5497:^ 5446:^ 5333:^ 5290:^ 5215:^ 5186:^ 5159:^ 5048:^ 4937:^ 4918:^ 4891:^ 4864:^ 4847:^ 4824:^ 4797:^ 4746:^ 4727:^ 4664:^ 4625:^ 4572:^ 4545:^ 4448:^ 4197:. 4115:. 3717:, 3713:, 3709:, 3705:, 3689:, 3549:. 3497:, 3493:, 3489:, 3240:. 3036:, 2921:. 2892:, 13726:) 13724:E 13722:→ 13720:W 13483:e 13476:t 13469:v 13420:: 12487:e 12480:t 12473:v 11448:) 11442:( 10309:) 10305:( 10241:) 10237:( 10201:) 10197:( 10139:) 10135:( 9189:e 9182:t 9175:v 9145:. 9103:. 9055:. 9024:. 9002:. 8980:. 8952:. 8933:. 8914:. 8895:. 8873:. 8851:. 8832:. 8810:. 8791:. 8769:. 8731:. 8708:. 8660:. 8614:. 8595:. 8578:. 8559:. 8534:. 8514:: 8474:. 8458:. 8439:. 8420:. 8401:. 8379:. 8278:. 8257:. 8235:. 8212:. 8195:. 8172:. 8148:. 8129:. 8106:. 8086:. 8064:. 8038:. 8014:. 7991:. 7947:. 7925:. 7908:. 7888:. 7866:. 7847:. 7801:. 7782:. 7763:. 7716:. 7644:. 6526:. 5729:. 4819:. 4792:. 4659:. 4635:. 4620:. 4608:. 4058:( 3582:( 2226:e 2219:t 2212:v 1620:e 1613:t 1606:v 1423:e 1416:t 1409:v 739:e 732:t 725:v 557:) 553:( 539:) 535:( 515:( 437:) 433:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

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Operation Overlord

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