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1919:. Brzezinski, uninterested in promoting anti-Soviet propaganda for the benefit of the United States, felt the country would be more successful through frequent interactions with regimes and people under communist rule. Brzezinski knew the tough economic realities of those living in the Eastern Bloc, particularly the permanent shortage of goods, and that their attachment to the Soviet Union was born of historic necessity, rather than common ideology. Brzezinski suggested enticing these countries economically and through educational and cultural exchanges, which would appeal to intellectuals, followed by favouritism for regimes showing signs of liberalisation or less reliance on Moscow. Through that approach, Brzezinski "offered a realistic, evolutionary alternative to empty political rhetoric."
1591:
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1713:. He believed that the only way Singapore could survive as a relatively small nation as compared to its neighbours was to contrast itself from them, by building up a highly effective and non-corrupt government, in addition to a civil service, under a meritocratic system. He also believed that Singapore was to stay neutral but also possess a strong military capability, believing that it serves as a guarantor of the country's independence due to its strategic position. A strong advocate for
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drew a wrong and detrimental conclusionâthe right of the more powerful. The modern era has corrected this unethical fallacy, but while breaking with the alleged right of the more powerful one, the modern era was too much inclined to overlook the real might of the more powerful and the inevitability of its political influence.
812:. As the liberal gains of the 1848 revolutions fell victim to coercive governments or were swallowed by powerful social forces such as class, religion and nationalism, Rochauâaccording to Bewâbegan to think hard about how the work that had begun with such enthusiasm had failed to yield any lasting results.
1830:
was a liberal realist and left-wing
British historian and international relations theorist who argued for realistic international over utopian policies. Carr described realism as the acceptance that what exists is right; he thus argued that in politics, realism meant that there is no moral dimension
1670:
Another example was his willingness to adopt some social policies of the socialists such as employee insurance and pensions; in doing so, he used small changes from the top down to avoid the possibility of major change from the bottom up. Likewise, Prussia's seemingly illogical move of not demanding
776:
The study of the forces that shape, maintain and alter the state is the basis of all political insight and leads to the understanding that the law of power governs the world of states just as the law of gravity governs the physical world. The older political science was fully aware of this truth but
1771:
described
Singapore as a depoliticised "administrative state", where ideology and politics had triumphantly been replaced by "rational and scientific modes of public administration". It is suggested that by doggedly describing itself as pragmatic, the Singaporean state is actually disguising its
815:
He said that the great achievement of the
Enlightenment had been to show that might is not necessarily right. The mistake liberals made was to assume that the law of the strong had suddenly evaporated simply because it had been shown to be unjust. Rochau wrote that "to bring down the walls of
2051:
would tend to favor principle over other considerations. Such individuals or groups can reject compromises that they see as the abandonment of their ideals and so may sacrifice political gain, in favor of adhering to principles that they believe to be constitutive of long-term goals.
2141:
decision of Zia's presidency was his role in the nuclear program of
Pakistan. Amidst international pressure, he ignored threats of sanctions and prioritised the national interest over non-proliferation international norms. The development of nuclear weapons was seen as crucial for
1969:
and stated that it is used by both liberal and realist foreign policy thinkers to label, criticise, and facilitate a choosing of sides. Kissinger had looked at what he implemented while he served as
Secretary of State and National Security Advisor not in the confines of making
852:
can be described as the exercise of policies that are in line with accepted theories of political realism. In either case, the working hypothesis is generally that policy is chiefly based on the pursuit, possession, and application of power (see also
1507:. Chinese administrative organisation significantly influenced other Asian nations as well as Western administrative practices not later than the 12th century, playing a significant role in the development of the modern state, including the usage of
1799:, who had also championed for Asian values, stated that Lee was "one of the greatest leaders of modern times that Asia has ever produced" and a "great Asian leader who laid the foundation for the prosperity of Singapore today." Former
674:
policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than strictly following ideological, moral, or ethical premises. In this respect, it shares aspects of its philosophical approach with those of
1999:
is found instead in pragmatic and flexible policy that changes to the needs of the situation. That type of policymaking could be seen as recently as in the administration of Barack Obama. Bew made note of that direction in the
2032:, the United States often supported authoritarian regimes that were human rights violators to secure theoretically the greater national interest of regional stability. After the end of the Cold War, this practice continued.
1571:
During the Spring and Autumn period, the prevalent philosophy had dictated war as a gentleman's activity; military commanders were instructed to respect what they perceived to be Heaven's laws in battle. For example, when
1666:
and the
Hohenzollern candidature to antagonise other countries and cause wars if necessary to attain his goals. Such policies were characteristic of Bismarck, demonstrating a pragmatic view of the "real" political world.
2133:
While
Pakistan was aligned with the United States, it did maintain diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union during the Afghan war which was primarily based upon pragmatic diplomacy rather than genuine partnership.
816:
Jericho, the
Realpolitiker knows the simple pickaxe is more useful than the mightiest trumpet". Rochau's concept was seized upon by German thinkers in the mid and late 19th century and became associated with
4009:
649:
1025:) in which he held that the sole aim of a prince (politician) was to seek power, regardless of religious or ethical considerations. There is scholarly debate about the nature and morality of his advice.
1732:
Lee described
Singapore's only natural resources as being the grit of its people as well as their strong work ethic, propelling this mindset to all ethnic groups of the country. Although Lee supported
1938:. In that context, the policy meant dealing with other powerful nations in a practical manner, rather than on the basis of political doctrine or ethics such as Nixon's diplomacy with the
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4014:
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Pakistan due to its strategic geopolitical location made it a subject of grave interest to the U.S., which supported
Pakistan with financial and military assistance including
1576:
was at war with the state of Chu during the Warring States period, he declined an opportunity to attack the enemy force (commanded by Zhu) while they were crossing a river.
840:
refers to political practice, the concept of political realism in international relations refers to a theoretical framework aimed at offering explanations for events in the
2024:
is distinct from ideological politics in that it is not dictated by a fixed set of rules but instead tends to be goal-oriented, limited only by practical exigencies. Since
2724:
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1861:. In Carr's opinion, Churchill's support of the anti-Bolsheviks was folly, as Russia was likely to be a great power once more under the leadership of the Bolsheviks.
2914:
2097:
was imposed in the country due to political turmoil. Zia recognised the immediate strategic interests that Pakistan may obtain by aligning with the U.S. amidst the
3294:
1988:. Kissinger went on to say that the role of the statesman is "the ability to recognize the real relationship of forces and to make this knowledge serve his ends."
1709:, who served as the country's first prime minister, has been considered by many political analysts as a pragmatist for his erudite policies in his governance of
2028:
is ordered toward the most practical means of securing national interests, it can often entail compromising on ideological principles. For example, during the
1807:, mentioned that Lee was a "giant of our region" and that "thanks to his vision and determination, Singapore is one of the world's most successful countries."
1005:. His theory centres on the Two Handles (about penalty and rewards as tools of governance). He theorised about a neutral, manipulative ruler who would act as
3560:
2014:
that everyone wanted to break it down into contrasts of idealist and realist, but "if you had to put him in a category, he's probably more realpolitik, like
2387:
844:
domain. The theory of political realism proceeds from the assumption that statesâas actors in the international arenaâpursue their interests by practicing
2656:
1776:
argued in 1995 that the rhetoric of pragmatism in Singapore is ideological and hegemonic in nature, adopted and disseminated in the public sphere by the
1740:
as a leader, concluding that extensive state welfare and subsidies blunted the individual's drive to succeed. Nevertheless, his government still enacted
4050:
2337:
1687:
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2267:, by Prasenjit Duara, India International Centre Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3/4, INDIACHINA Neighbours Strangers (WINTER 2009 SPRING 2010), pp. 20-33.
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Rochau coined the term in 1853 and added a second volume in 1869 that further refined his earlier arguments. Rochau, exiled in Paris until the
3531:
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Lâinvenzione della ÂŤRealpolitikÂť e la scoperta della ÂŤlegge del potereÂť. August Ludwig von Rochau tra radicalismo e nazional-liberalismo
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Tan, Kenneth Paul (February 2012). "The Ideology of Pragmatism: Neo-liberal Globalisation and Political Authoritarianism in Singapore".
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with state formation and power politics. The concept, Bew argues, was an early attempt at answering the conundrum of how to achieve
2849:
1560:
writes: "If one wishes to exaggerate, it would no doubt be possible to translate (foundational Realist) Shen Buhai's term Shu, or
939:
for branches and antecedents more relevant to contemporary diplomacy and the particular modern, international relations paradigm.
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3744:
2728:
3853:
861:, have viewed state policy in terms of the pursuit of survival or security, rather than the pursuit of power for its own sake.
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described Lee as one of the "world's most successful pragmatists". Today, his ideologies and views are now taught at the
1613:
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1780:
government and institutionalised throughout the state in all its administrative, planning, and policy-making functions.
683:. It is often simply referred to as pragmatism in politics, e.g. "pursuing pragmatic policies" or "realistic policies".
4091:
4034:
3807:
1508:
1454:
1031:, a French statesman who overcame domestic factionalism and guided France to a position of dominance in foreign affairs
1522:(771â476/403 BC), a trend of "realistic" reformers were taken on to advance the material interest of their respective
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1974:
a standard policy, but within the terms of being a statesman. That political mindset can be seen in Kissinger's book
936:
922:
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487:
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904:
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1931:
1816:
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term, China has had a "realistic" tradition in its governance dating back thousands of years. Often referred to as
1246:
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while secretly controlling the executive through his ministersâthe ones to take real responsibility for any policy.
963:
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93:
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and that practicing such values was vital to succeed as a nation, especially as an Asian country, which includes
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1784:
1722:
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1475:
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1162:, who argue that it was not based on a strong ideological grounding and used only to justify rapport with the
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998:
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and aid for Pakistan, the U.S. and Pakistan agreed on a 3.2 billion USD military and economic aid package.
4060:
3858:
3802:
3729:
3552:
3517:
2301:
Humphreys, Adam R. C. (2014). Gibbons, Michael T; Ellis, Elisabeth; Coole, Diana; Ferguson, Kennan (eds.).
2094:
896:
246:
78:
49:
22:
1568:', and argue that Pu-hai was the first political scientist," though Creel does "not care to go this far".
1503:, the spirit of its content may be most readily recognised by Western viewers through one of its kindred,
4148:
3901:
3797:
3739:
1800:
1695:
1449:
987:, an Arab historiographer, historian and one of the founding fathers of modern historiography, author of
550:
3377:
1545:
Those termed Legalist are more purely "Realpolitikal" in contrast to Confucianism and include non-legal
4341:
4190:
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2001:
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83:
54:
3994:
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210:
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aid offered by the U.S. (under the Carter administration) dismissing it as "peanuts". However, when
1831:
and that what is successful is right and what is unsuccessful is wrong. Carr was convinced that the
1772:
ideological work and political nature through an assertion of the absence of ideology and politics.
4200:
3922:
3837:
1783:
Many world leaders affirmed Lee's political knowledge as being pragmatist and "insightful". Former
1777:
1699:
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in his quest to achieve Prussian dominance in Germany. He manipulated political issues such as the
1519:
885:
642:
325:
215:
4221:
4106:
3817:
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1039:
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255:
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2130:, in conjunction with Operation Cyclone to oppose the Soviet-backed government in Afghanistan.
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145:
1995:
principles can influence U.S. policy but not as standard policy. The reach and influence of
1416:
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3663:
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2232:
2185:
2112:
1981:
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has a somewhat less negative connotation, referring to realistic politics in opposition to
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113:
8:
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applied to the national state of affairs of Germany") describes the meaning of the term:
719:
534:
444:
298:
200:
150:
88:
4010:
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
2432:
Creel, Herrlee G. (March 1974). "Shen Pu-Hai: A Secular Philosopher of Administration".
1099:
that was five times as large as the Kingdom of Sardinia had been before he came to power
690:
has been also used pejoratively to imply political policies that are perceived as being
2819:
2797:
2550:
2542:
2445:
2082:
2010:
1900:
1847:
1733:
1655:
1573:
1337:
1284:
1063:, a French diplomat who guided France and Europe through a variety of political systems
1028:
572:
165:
2363:
No Virtue Like Necessity: Realist Thought in International Relations since Machiavelli
1616:(or unrealistic) politics. It is particularly associated with the era of 19th century
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2015:
1951:
1916:
1854:
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1216:
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817:
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241:
103:
98:
59:
32:
4075:
2801:
3812:
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3686:
3509:
2789:
2684:
Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent, Vol. 1: A Biographical Dictionary
2638:
2526:
2483:
2441:
2306:
2175:
2127:
1976:
1749:
1726:
1557:
1221:
1133:
1096:
715:
517:
273:
127:
1675:, a move that later led to the unification of Germany, is an oft-cited example of
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3713:
3701:
3491:
2977:
2793:
2754:
2682:
2167:
1959:
1912:
1808:
1672:
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1125:
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and who served in the court of the King of Qinâlater unifier of China ending the
711:
655:
595:
577:
402:
387:
2629:
2251:
2241:
4307:
4246:
4231:
4127:
4070:
4065:
3706:
3648:
3643:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3565:
2389:
Grundsätze der Realpolitik angewendet auf die staatlichen Zustände Deutschlands
2200:
1955:
1858:
1773:
1768:
1605:
948:
854:
766:
Grundsätze der Realpolitik angewendet auf die staatlichen Zustände Deutschlands
473:
392:
346:
288:
3096:
A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812â1822
2963:
Here in Australia and beyond, leaders sought and learned from his wise counsel
2642:
2530:
2070:
Relations between Pakistan and the U.S. were strained during the 1970s due to
2060:
4330:
3896:
3696:
3690:
3353:
3204:
The limits of empire: the United States and Southeast Asia since World War II
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2116:
1935:
1741:
1718:
1512:
1381:
1357:
1261:
1163:
1034:
1006:
858:
801:
enlightened goals in a world that does not follow liberal enlightened rules.
727:
397:
375:
350:
180:
3177:
Deepening democracy: global governance and political reform in Latin America
1869:
3638:
3496:
3471:
3446:
3421:
3005:
Davies, Robert William "Edward Hallett Carr, 1892â1982" pages 473â511 from
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2086:
2005:
1908:
1904:
1892:
1788:
1737:
1714:
1706:
1691:
1539:
1352:
1299:
1141:
978:
744:
735:
160:
3454:
Hypocrisy and integrity: Machiavelli, Rousseau, and the ethics of politics
2310:
1922:
Henry Kissinger has been credited with formally introducing the policy of
4266:
4261:
4015:
Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)
3917:
3678:
3658:
3633:
3612:
3607:
2211:
2071:
2036:
1947:
1927:
1896:
1804:
1617:
1531:
1527:
1319:
1159:
984:
464:
429:
332:
320:
185:
2161:
2018:
Youâve got to be cold-blooded about the self-interests of your nation."
1075:, an 18â19th century Prussian general and military strategist who wrote
590:
4236:
3668:
3617:
3580:
3575:
2546:
2514:
2195:
2190:
2126:
Under Zia's leadership, Pakistan played a pivotal role in training the
2044:
1958:
in 1973, when he persuaded the Israelis to withdraw partially from the
1832:
1827:
1796:
1546:
1411:
1362:
1347:
1304:
1231:
1226:
1206:
1147:
1017:
988:
958:
808:, returned during the revolution and became a well-known figure in the
798:
680:
554:
544:
539:
278:
140:
1646:, what was uniquely possible and the applied means to achieve it, was
1943:
1710:
1585:
1421:
1400:
1118:
828:
was widespread, yet increasingly detached from its original meaning.
695:
667:
439:
337:
220:
175:
155:
874:
764:, a German writer and politician in the 19th century. His 1853 book
3963:
2205:
2048:
2029:
1962:
in deference to the political realities created by the oil crisis.
1554:
1538:. The political theory developed during the era, including that of
1309:
1294:
1241:
1095:
to become a new great power in Europe, controlling a nearly united
1069:, a Koblenz-born Austrian statesman opposed to political revolution
973:
691:
671:
562:
522:
205:
190:
170:
39:
1091:, an Italian statesman who diplomatically managed to maneuver the
2469:
2467:
1251:
1054:
994:
943:
477:
135:
2687:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 525.
1550:
1549:
derived political technique, which charges the ruler engage in
1444:
1342:
1279:
1191:
1077:
831:
527:
469:
367:
3295:"US support for human rights abroad: The case of Saudi Arabia"
2464:
2041:
Statecraft: And How to Restore America's Standing in the World
16:
Politics based on practical considerations, rather than ideals
4282:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
4251:
4216:
4185:
4004:
2147:
1939:
1256:
1236:
1110:
793:
emerged in mid-19th century Europe from the collision of the
3245:"US resumes arms sales to Bahrain. Activists feel abandoned"
3079:
Kissinger, Henry (June 2012). "The Limits of Universalism".
2907:"Tributes from around the world pour in for Mr Lee Kuan Yew"
4281:
4186:
AustraliaâNew ZealandâUnited States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
4132:
3968:
2039:
advocated that approach to foreign policy in his 2007 book
1717:, he argued that Asian societies had different values from
1406:
976:(or Kautilya), an early Indian statesman and writer on the
857:). However, some international relations realists, such as
2150:, which had successfully conducted nuclear tests in 1974.
1791:, stated that he "personally appreciated wisdom." Former
4256:
3923:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
2338:"Hans-Dietrich Genscher: A Life of Longing for Stability"
1883:
began in the 1960s with the influence of Polish-American
1553:
to determine facts rather than take on too much himself.
1057:
into a great European power through warfare and diplomacy
4025:
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
3959:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
3022:
Zbig: The Strategy and Statecraft of Zbigniew Brzezinski
1628:
as means to strengthen states and tighten social order.
4241:
2119:
resumed office and sought to increment the funding for
1965:
Kissinger himself said that he had never used the term
3876:
3232:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 397â414.
3098:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 312â322.
789:
today deviates from the original meaning of the term.
3477:
Frank Whelon Wayman (ed.), Paul Francis Diehl (ed.):
2877:
Cecilia, Tortajada; K. Biswas, Asit (27 March 2015).
1907:, Brzezinski proposed "peaceful engagement" with the
1604:
In the United States, the term is often analogous to
1124:
20th century proponents of political realism include
4287:
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
3539:
3227:
3221:
3132:
2157:
2089:
desired to improve relations with Pakistan. General
824:
in the mid 19th century. By 1890, usage of the word
686:
While generally used as a positive or neutral term,
3342:"Pakistan's Zulfikar Ali Bhutto executed - archive"
2879:"Lee Kuan Yew: A Tribute to a Visionary Pragmatist"
2627:Todd, Eric Myers (2011). Chatterjee, Deen K (ed.).
4051:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
3200:
3138:
3128:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 4â5.
2976:
2628:
2385:
2305:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 3151â3152.
1857:'s support for military aid to the anti-Bolshevik
3228:Grandin & Joseph, Greg & Gilbert (2010).
3146:Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Volume 1
3113:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 258.
2821:Communitarian ideology and democracy in Singapore
2759:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.
2727:. Rotary Club of Wellington North. Archived from
1754:compulsory comprehensive savings and pension plan
1624:policies were employed in response to the failed
662: 'realistic, practical, actual' and
4328:
2876:
2186:Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force
2108:and financial aid during the SovietâAfghan War.
666: 'politics') is the approach of conducting
4272:IndiaâBrazilâSouth Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
2773:
2570:"Lee Kuan Yew's Troubling Legacy for Americans"
2413:
2043:. For the purposes of contrast and speaking in
4217:BrazilâRussiaâIndiaâChinaâSouth Africa (BRICS)
4097:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
4005:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
3173:
3139:DeConde, Alexander; et al., eds. (2001).
2365:. London: Yale University Press. p. 168.
3525:
2982:"Kissinger: The world will miss Lee Kuan Yew"
2484:"Legalism and the Legalists of Ancient China"
2074:and the controversial execution of President
1736:ideas in his young adulthood, he was largely
1476:
1015:, an Italian political philosopher who wrote
967:and is cited as an intellectual forebear of
785:suggests that much of what stands for modern
613:
2938:"Lee Kuan Yew - Message from PM Tony Abbott"
2850:"Lee Kuan Yew: Singapore's great pragmatist"
2824:(Repr. 1996. ed.). London : Routledge.
2756:The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew
2409:. Washington, D.C.: The Library of Congress.
1903:'s talk of the military "liberation" of the
832:Political realism in international relations
2680:
1815:, an autonomous postgraduate school of the
1597:, a German statesman often associated with
1105:, a Prussian statesman who coined the term
903:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4227:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries
3954:Central American Integration System (SICA)
3532:
3518:
3268:
3207:. Columbia University Press. p. 205.
3180:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31.
2722:
1542:would influence every dynasty thereafter.
1483:
1469:
946:, a Chinese military strategist who wrote
620:
606:
4165:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
4133:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3969:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3928:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
3399:, April 10, 2014. Accessed July 29, 2014.
3339:
3093:
3078:
2300:
923:Learn how and when to remove this message
4181:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
4092:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
4035:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)
4000:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
3979:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
2494:
2476:
2276:Not to be confused with any Duke of the
2059:
1950:. Another example is Kissinger's use of
1868:
1686:
1589:
4102:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
4030:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
4020:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
3308:
2847:
2676:
2674:
2567:
2512:
2427:
2425:
2111:Zia initially declined the 400 million
1047:was prone to a "war of all against all"
864:
4329:
3854:Composite Index of National Capability
2360:
1650:, the first Chancellor (1862â1890) to
1633:"Politics is the art of the possible."
1061:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂŠrigord
3974:Organization of American States (OAS)
3944:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
3875:
3513:
3481:. University of Michigan Press 1994,
3316:"5 dictators the U.S. still supports"
3242:
2935:
2917:from the original on 15 November 2020
2901:
2899:
2872:
2870:
2843:
2841:
2813:
2811:
2748:
2746:
2718:
2716:
2508:
2506:
2431:
2354:
2146:against Pakistan's historical rival,
2106:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
1053:, a Prussian monarch who transformed
641:
3456:. University of Chicago Press 1997,
3429:History of Modern Germany: 1840â1945
3404:The Routledge Dictionary of Politics
3018:
2817:
2671:
2626:
2457:
2455:
2422:
2332:
2330:
1813:Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy
1109:. Balancing power means keeping the
1067:Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
901:adding citations to reliable sources
868:
3745:International relations (1814â1919)
3431:. Princeton University Press 1982,
3271:"America's Allies Are Funding ISIS"
3123:
3108:
2779:
2753:Lee, Kuan Yew (15 September 2012).
2752:
2659:from the original on 2 January 2021
2402:
1642:The most famous German advocate of
1530:founding the first Chinese Empire,
1037:, an English philosopher who wrote
13:
4061:European Political Community (EPC)
3052:
3007:Proceedings of the British Academy
2896:
2867:
2838:
2808:
2743:
2713:
2620:
2591:
2503:
2446:10.1111/j.1540-6253.1974.tb00644.x
2396:
1455:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
997:, a Chinese scholar who theorised
961:, a Greek historian who wrote the
14:
4363:
3378:"The Real Origins of Realpolitik"
2952:from the original on 17 June 2016
2848:Brennan, Elliot (23 March 2015).
2725:"Optimism for the New Millennium"
2452:
2327:
2035:Most recently, former Ambassador
1991:In that context, one can see how
1980:and was pointed out by historian
1822:
488:Biology and political orientation
4191:Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
3541:Power in international relations
3149:. Simon & Schuster. p.
2701:from the original on 11 May 2016
2419:Wealth and Power. Orville Schell
2160:
1864:
1817:National University of Singapore
1636:– Bismarck, 1867 interview
1190:
964:History of the Peloponnesian War
873:
589:
3995:Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
3340:Niesewand, Peter (2016-04-05).
3333:
3287:
3262:
3236:
3194:
3167:
3117:
3102:
3087:
3072:
3046:
3012:
2999:
2970:
2929:
2609:from the original on 2020-11-15
2580:from the original on 2020-11-17
2561:
2270:
2258:
2004:, when Obama's chief of staff,
1698:and one of the founders of the
1495:Even prior to the contemporary
1136:as well as politicians such as
4201:Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)
4107:Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)
3370:
3243:Chick, Kristen (14 May 2012).
2723:Roger Kerr (9 December 1999).
2635:Encyclopedia of Global Justice
2568:Allison, Graham (2015-03-30).
2473:Origins of Statecraft in China
2379:
2294:
2250:
2240:
2225:
2093:came into power in 1977 after
1785:President of the United States
952:that foreshadowed elements of
483:Theories of political behavior
109:Political history of the world
1:
4112:Organization of Turkic States
3949:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
3735:List of medieval great powers
3389:"Real Realpolitik: A History"
3249:The Christian Science Monitor
3055:"Time to Rethink Realpolitik"
3025:. JHU Press. pp. 23â24.
2936:Abott, Tony (23 March 2015).
2434:Journal of Chinese Philosophy
2287:
1946:and the previous doctrine of
991:, a universal history of time
498:Critique of political economy
3859:Comprehensive National Power
3730:List of ancient great powers
2794:10.1080/00472336.2012.634644
2782:Journal of Contemporary Asia
2599:"Lee Kuan Yew's hard truths"
2265:Civilization and Realpolitik
2008:, remarked in an article in
1911:while he advised Presidents
1682:
751:
79:Outline of political science
23:Realpolitik (disambiguation)
7:
4196:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
4149:Union for the Mediterranean
3902:Union for the Mediterranean
3740:List of modern great powers
3297:. CSMonitor.com. 2014-01-28
3201:McMahon, Robert J. (1999).
3009:, Volume 69, 1983 page 477.
2406:Real Realpolitik: A History
2386:von Rochau, Ludwig (1859).
2153:
2055:
1942:despite U.S. opposition to
1801:Prime Minister of Australia
1696:Prime Minister of Singapore
1664:Schleswig-Holstein question
1534:in 221 BCE, ending China's
1450:Discourses on Salt and Iron
1117:practitioners try to avoid
10:
4368:
4277:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
3788:Hegemonic stability theory
3479:Reconstructing Realpolitik
2515:"Bismarck's "Realpolitik""
2072:Pakistan's nuclear program
1940:People's Republic of China
1839:and, under the grounds of
1671:territory from a defeated
1583:
1579:
1158:by his critics, including
702:. Prominent proponents of
84:Index of politics articles
20:
4300:
4209:
4173:
4157:
4141:
4120:
4084:
4043:
3987:
3936:
3910:
3889:
3885:
3871:
3846:
3758:
3722:
3677:
3626:
3551:
3547:
3506:, il Mulino, Bologna 2009
3269:Josh Rogin (2014-06-14).
3094:Kissinger, Henry (1999).
2681:Suryadinata, Leo (2012).
2643:10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5
2531:10.1017/S0034670500034185
2361:Haslam, Jonathan (2002).
1889:National Security Advisor
1835:were destined to win the
643:[ĘeËaËlpoliËtiËk]
4352:Foreign policy doctrines
4347:German words and phrases
3878:Organizations and groups
3838:Superpower disengagement
2942:singapore.embassy.gov.au
2818:Chua, Beng-Huat (1995).
2218:
1520:Spring and Autumn period
1170:
4337:International relations
4222:Commonwealth of Nations
4056:Council of Europe (CoE)
3818:Power transition theory
3452:Ruth Weissbourd Grant:
3230:A Century of Revolution
3174:Adams, Francis (2003).
2946:Government of Australia
1793:Prime Minister of Japan
1089:Camillo Benso of Cavour
1043:in which he stated the
842:international relations
493:Political organisations
256:International relations
94:Politics by subdivision
3492:restricted online copy
3467:restricted online copy
3442:restricted online copy
3417:restricted online copy
3126:Realpolitik: A History
3111:Realpolitik: A History
3019:Gati, Charles (2013).
2519:The Review of Politics
2513:Pflanze, Otto (1958).
2081:In the context of the
2067:
1876:
1845:British Prime Minister
1744:, which included free
1705:Singaporean statesman
1702:
1639:
1601:
1440:Rectification of names
1389:The Book of Lord Shang
810:National Liberal Party
779:
724:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
4292:Uniting for Consensus
3382:The National Interest
2630:"Asian Values Debate"
2311:10.1002/9781118474396
2063:
1872:
1778:People's Action Party
1700:People's Action Party
1690:
1631:
1593:
1584:Further information:
1536:Warring States period
1003:Warring States period
774:
573:Political campaigning
313:Public administration
146:Collective leadership
4158:AfricaâSouth America
4121:North AmericaâEurope
3393:John W. Kluge Center
2342:www.handelsblatt.com
2233:imperial examination
2002:Obama administration
1758:universal healthcare
897:improve this section
865:History and branches
423:Separation of powers
294:Political psychology
269:Comparative politics
247:political scientists
234:Academic disciplines
114:Political philosophy
21:For other uses, see
4308:United Nations (UN)
4076:VisegrĂĄd Group (V4)
4066:European Union (EU)
3833:Superpower collapse
3828:Sphere of influence
3803:Philosophy of power
3397:Library of Congress
2247:traditional Chinese
2091:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
2076:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
2065:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
1899:-era hostility and
1885:Zbigniew Brzezinski
1874:Zbigniew Brzezinski
1760:, in addition to a
1752:, state housing, a
1626:Revolutions of 1848
1551:passive observation
1395:Shenzi (both books)
1212:Marquess Wen of Wei
1178:Part of a series on
1152:Three Worlds Theory
1093:Kingdom of Sardinia
1073:Carl von Clausewitz
1051:Frederick the Great
1013:Niccolò Machiavelli
720:Zbigniew Brzezinski
596:Politics portal
445:Election commission
416:Government branches
299:Political sociology
151:Confessional system
89:Politics by country
4142:AfricaâAsiaâEurope
3502:Federico Trocini:
3406:. Routledge 2004.
3124:Bew, John (2015).
3109:Bew, John (2015).
2978:Henry A. Kissinger
2500:Morton 1995, p. 26
2403:Bew, John (2014).
2280:of a later period.
2237:simplified Chinese
2083:Iranian Revolution
2068:
2011:The New York Times
1932:Secretary of State
1901:John Foster Dulles
1877:
1848:David Lloyd George
1748:up until at least
1703:
1656:Kingdom of Prussia
1602:
1574:Duke Xiang of Song
1417:Annals of LĂź Buwei
1338:Emperor Wen of Sui
1285:Emperor Wen of Han
1029:Cardinal Richelieu
738:. The opposite of
279:Political analysis
211:Semi-parliamentary
4342:Political realism
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
3867:
3866:
3823:Second Superpower
3783:Deterrence theory
3487:978-0-472-08268-1
3464:, p. 40â41 (
3462:978-0-226-30582-0
3437:978-0-691-00797-7
3412:978-0-415-32377-2
3402:David Robertson:
2980:(23 March 2015).
2694:978-981-4414-14-2
2652:978-1-4020-9159-9
2372:978-0-300-09150-2
2181:Deterrence theory
2137:One of the major
2121:Operation Cyclone
2099:SovietâAfghan War
1952:shuttle diplomacy
1917:Lyndon B. Johnson
1855:Winston Churchill
1850:'s opposition to
1837:Russian Civil War
1762:civic nationalist
1719:Western societies
1648:Otto von Bismarck
1637:
1608:while in Germany
1595:Otto von Bismarck
1511:for entry to the
1493:
1492:
1434:Relevant articles
1290:Emperor Wu of Han
1138:Charles de Gaulle
1103:Otto von Bismarck
937:political realism
933:
932:
925:
820:'s statecraft in
818:Otto von Bismarck
762:Ludwig von Rochau
732:Charles de Gaulle
708:Otto von Bismarck
630:
629:
578:Political parties
518:Electoral systems
242:Political science
216:Semi-presidential
128:Political systems
104:Political history
99:Political economy
4359:
3887:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3813:Power projection
3798:Internationalism
3771:Balance of power
3766:American decline
3750:Post-Western era
3549:
3548:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3053:Byrnes, Sholto.
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3016:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2510:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2462:
2461:Van der Sprenkel
2459:
2450:
2449:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2298:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2244:
2229:
2176:Consequentialism
2170:
2165:
2164:
2128:Afghan mujahidin
1977:A World Restored
1750:secondary school
1746:public education
1727:communitarianism
1658:. Bismarck used
1635:
1558:Herrlee G. Creel
1518:Starting in the
1501:Chinese Legalism
1485:
1478:
1471:
1222:Duke Xiao of Qin
1194:
1184:Chinese legalism
1175:
1174:
1154:is described as
1134:George F. Kennan
1107:balance of power
928:
921:
917:
914:
908:
877:
869:
822:unifying Germany
768:("Principles of
716:George F. Kennan
653:
652:
651:
645:
640:
622:
615:
608:
594:
593:
384:
329:
284:Political theory
274:Election science
264:
250:
28:
27:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4312:
4296:
4205:
4174:OceaniaâPacific
4169:
4153:
4137:
4116:
4080:
4039:
3983:
3932:
3906:
3881:
3863:
3842:
3793:Multilateralism
3754:
3718:
3673:
3622:
3543:
3538:
3439:, p. 117 (
3414:, p. 420 (
3373:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3356:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3279:
3277:
3275:The Daily Beast
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3241:
3237:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3141:"Dictatorships"
3137:
3133:
3122:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3092:
3088:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2986:Washington Post
2975:
2971:
2955:
2953:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2883:thediplomat.com
2875:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2816:
2809:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2751:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2731:on 7 March 2006
2721:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2695:
2679:
2672:
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2660:
2653:
2625:
2621:
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2610:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2562:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2397:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2168:Politics portal
2166:
2159:
2156:
2058:
1913:John F. Kennedy
1867:
1825:
1809:Henry Kissinger
1742:social policies
1685:
1640:
1634:
1588:
1582:
1489:
1460:
1459:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1202:
1173:
1130:Henry Kissinger
1126:Hans Morgenthau
1045:state of nature
929:
918:
912:
909:
894:
878:
867:
834:
754:
712:Henry Kissinger
647:
646:
638:
626:
588:
583:
582:
513:
512:
503:
502:
460:
459:
450:
449:
418:
417:
408:
407:
403:Public interest
388:Domestic policy
378:
371:
370:
359:
358:
323:
316:
315:
304:
303:
265:
258:
251:
244:
236:
235:
226:
225:
131:
130:
119:
118:
74:
73:
64:
33:Politics series
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4349:
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4339:
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4295:
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4279:
4274:
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4264:
4259:
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4155:
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4145:
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4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4128:Arctic Council
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4071:Nordic Council
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
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3934:
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3920:
3914:
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3557:
3555:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3475:
3450:
3427:Hajo Holborn:
3425:
3400:
3385:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3332:
3307:
3286:
3261:
3235:
3220:
3213:
3193:
3186:
3166:
3159:
3131:
3116:
3101:
3086:
3071:
3045:
3031:
3011:
2998:
2969:
2928:
2895:
2866:
2837:
2830:
2807:
2772:
2765:
2742:
2712:
2693:
2670:
2651:
2619:
2590:
2560:
2525:(4): 492â514.
2502:
2493:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2440:(2): 119â136.
2421:
2412:
2395:
2378:
2371:
2353:
2326:
2319:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2269:
2257:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2201:Power politics
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2155:
2152:
2057:
2054:
1956:Yom Kippur War
1895:. Contrary to
1866:
1863:
1859:White movement
1843:, approved of
1824:
1823:United Kingdom
1821:
1774:Chua Beng Huat
1769:Chan Heng Chee
1684:
1681:
1630:
1606:power politics
1581:
1578:
1505:The Art of War
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1375:Relevant texts
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1145:
1122:
1100:
1086:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1048:
1032:
1026:
1010:
992:
982:
971:
956:
949:The Art of War
931:
930:
913:September 2024
881:
879:
872:
866:
863:
855:power politics
848:. Conversely,
833:
830:
760:was coined by
753:
750:
628:
627:
625:
624:
617:
610:
602:
599:
598:
585:
584:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
559:
558:
542:
537:
532:
531:
530:
520:
514:
510:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
467:
461:
458:Related topics
457:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
426:
425:
419:
415:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
395:
393:Foreign policy
390:
385:
372:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
340:
335:
330:
317:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
289:Policy studies
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
254:
252:
240:
237:
233:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
132:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
72:Primary topics
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
63:
62:
57:
52:
46:
43:
42:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4364:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:African Union
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3445:, p. 117, at
3444:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3420:, p. 420, at
3419:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3214:9780231108805
3210:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3187:9780275979713
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3160:9780684806570
3156:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3081:New Criterion
3075:
3060:
3059:New Statesman
3056:
3049:
3034:
3032:9781421409771
3028:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3008:
3002:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2966:
2964:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2871:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2831:9780415120548
2827:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2766:9789814561761
2762:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2747:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2675:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2608:
2604:
2603:openDemocracy
2600:
2594:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2320:9781118474396
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2293:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2231:Known as the
2228:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:Ronald Reagan
2114:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:Richard Nixon
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1865:United States
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:War Secretary
1849:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1756:, as well as
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1513:civil service
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:Zhang Juzheng
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:Later figures
1329:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1262:Qin Shi Huang
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:Thomas Hobbes
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:head of state
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
980:
975:
972:
970:
966:
965:
960:
957:
955:
951:
950:
945:
942:
941:
940:
938:
927:
924:
916:
906:
902:
898:
892:
891:
887:
882:This section
880:
876:
871:
870:
862:
860:
859:Kenneth Waltz
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
806:1848 uprising
802:
800:
796:
795:Enlightenment
792:
788:
784:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
749:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Deng Xiaoping
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:Machiavellian
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
644:
636:
635:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
603:
601:
600:
597:
592:
587:
586:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
556:
552:
548:
547:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
420:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
398:Civil society
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:
377:
376:Public policy
374:
373:
369:
363:
362:
352:
348:
344:
343:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
327:
322:
319:
318:
314:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
262:
257:
253:
248:
243:
239:
238:
230:
229:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Parliamentary
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
181:Hybrid regime
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
129:
123:
122:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
68:
67:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
47:
45:
44:
41:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
24:
19:
4210:Nonâregional
3601:
3600:
3503:
3497:Google Books
3490:
3478:
3472:Google Books
3470:, p. 40, at
3465:
3453:
3447:Google Books
3440:
3428:
3422:Google Books
3415:
3403:
3357:. Retrieved
3346:The Guardian
3345:
3335:
3324:. Retrieved
3322:. 2011-02-03
3319:
3310:
3299:. Retrieved
3289:
3278:. Retrieved
3274:
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3248:
3238:
3229:
3223:
3203:
3196:
3176:
3169:
3145:
3134:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3021:
3014:
3006:
3001:
2989:. Retrieved
2985:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2954:. Retrieved
2941:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2910:
2886:. Retrieved
2882:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:
2820:
2788:(1): 67â92.
2785:
2781:
2775:
2755:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:the original
2703:. Retrieved
2683:
2661:. Retrieved
2634:
2622:
2611:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2582:. Retrieved
2574:The Atlantic
2573:
2563:
2522:
2518:
2496:
2487:
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1905:Eastern Bloc
1893:Jimmy Carter
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1789:Barack Obama
1782:
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1731:
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1715:Asian values
1707:Lee Kuan Yew
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161:Dictatorship
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3911:AfricaâAsia
3679:Geopolitics
3654:Least Great
3602:Realpolitik
3371:Works cited
2991:24 February
2956:30 December
2921:14 November
2911:TODAYonline
2888:24 February
2859:24 February
2663:30 December
2303:Realpolitik
2255:) in China.
2212:Weltpolitik
2139:Realpolitik
2095:martial law
2045:ideal types
2037:Dennis Ross
2026:Realpolitik
2022:Realpolitik
1997:Realpolitik
1993:Realpolitik
1986:Realpolitik
1972:Realpolitik
1967:Realpolitik
1948:containment
1928:White House
1924:Realpolitik
1881:Realpolitik
1841:Realpolitik
1805:Tony Abbott
1677:Realpolitik
1660:Realpolitik
1644:Realpolitik
1622:Realpolitik
1618:nationalism
1610:Realpolitik
1599:Realpolitik
1547:Shen Pu-hai
1532:Qin dynasty
1526:, with the
1497:Realpolitik
1320:Zhuge Liang
1274:Han figures
1160:Enver Hoxha
1156:Realpolitik
1115:Realpolitik
1018:Il Principe
985:Ibn Khaldun
969:Realpolitik
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846:Realpolitik
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826:Realpolitik
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740:Realpolitik
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688:Realpolitik
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634:Realpolitik
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321:Bureaucracy
186:Meritocracy
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3376:John Bew:
3359:2023-09-14
3326:2014-08-10
3301:2014-08-10
3280:2014-08-10
2613:2020-11-14
2584:2020-11-14
2347:2022-02-02
2288:References
2196:Noopolitik
2191:Netpolitik
2144:deterrence
2049:ideologues
1954:after the
1833:Bolsheviks
1828:E. H. Carr
1797:Shinzo Abe
1614:idealistic
1555:Sinologist
1412:Wei Liaozi
1363:Xu Guangqi
1348:Wang Anshi
1305:Zhang Tang
1232:Shen Buhai
1227:Shang Yang
1207:Guan Zhong
1148:Mao Zedong
1119:arms races
1083:Vom Kriege
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959:Thucydides
781:Historian
681:pragmatism
668:diplomatic
555:Governance
545:Government
540:Federalism
141:City-state
3880:by region
3664:Potential
3354:0261-3077
3254:13 August
2555:144663704
2539:0034-6705
1944:communism
1879:American
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1734:left-wing
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1683:Singapore
1652:Wilhelm I
1586:Politique
1562:technique
1528:Qin state
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1401:Han Feizi
1040:Leviathan
884:does not
756:The term
752:Etymology
672:political
535:Unitarism
523:Elections
511:Subseries
440:Judiciary
435:Executive
338:Adhocracy
221:Theocracy
176:Feudalism
156:Democracy
3964:Mercosur
3937:Americas
3808:Polarity
3776:European
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3649:Emerging
3644:Regional
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3566:Economic
3320:The Week
2950:Archived
2915:Archived
2854:ABC News
2802:56236985
2699:Archived
2657:Archived
2607:Archived
2578:Archived
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568:Culture
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