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1209:, with a further twist added to the story, in that Essex is cheating on both the queen and his best friend by having an affair with Lady Nottingham (who in the opera is given the wrong first name of Sarah rather than Catherine): and that this turns out to be (a) the reason why Lord Nottingham turns against his now former friend, when he discovers the ring in question and prevents her sending it, and (b) is the ultimate reason for Queen Elizabeth withdrawing her support for Essex at his trial. The actual question of Devereux's genuine guilt or innocence is sidelined (as is his actual failed rebellion), and the trial is presented as effectively a Parliamentary witch-hunt led by Cecil and Raleigh.
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846:, although any plans he may have had at that time to help the Scots king capture the English throne came to nothing. In October, Mountjoy was appointed to replace him in Ireland, and matters seemed to look up for the Earl. In November, the queen was reported to have said that the truce with O'Neill was "so seasonably made... as great good... has grown by it." Others in the council were willing to justify Essex's return from Ireland, on the grounds of the urgent necessity of a briefing by the commander-in-chief.
772:. Instead, he led his army into southern Ireland, where he fought a series of inconclusive engagements, wasted his funds, and dispersed his army into garrisons, while the Irish won two important battles in other parts of the country. Rather than face O'Neill in battle, Essex entered a truce that some considered humiliating to the Crown and to the detriment of English authority. The queen told Essex that if she had wished to abandon Ireland it would scarcely have been necessary to send him there.
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and others "rose and assembled themselves in open rebellion, and moved and persuaded many of the citizens of London to join them in their treason, and endeavoured to get the City of London into their possession and power, and wounded and killed many of the queen's subjects then and there assembled for the purpose of quelling such rebellion." Essex was charged also with holding the Lord Keeper and the other Privy
Councillors in custody "for four hours and more."
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1042:'s own execution on 29 October 1618, it was alleged that Raleigh had said to a co-conspirator, "Do not, as my Lord Essex did, take heed of a preacher. By his persuasion, he confessed, and made himself guilty." In that same trial, Raleigh also denied that he had stood at a window during the execution of Essex's sentence, disdainfully puffing out tobacco smoke in sight of the condemned man. Essex in the end shocked many by denouncing his sister
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1248:: these lyrics have been attributed to Essex, largely on the basis of the dedication of "The Earl of Essex's Galliard", an instrumental version of the same song. Dowland also sets the opening verses of Essex's poem "The Passion of a Discontented Mind" ("From silent night") in his 1612 collection of songs.
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In all of his campaigns, Essex secured the loyalty of his officers by conferring knighthoods, an honour the queen dispensed sparingly, and by the end of his time in
Ireland more than half the knights in England owed their rank to him. The rebels were said to have joked that, "he never drew sword but
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was apprehended as he kept watch on the door to the queen's chambers. His plan had been to confine her until she signed a warrant for the release of Essex. Captain Lee, who had served in
Ireland with the Earl, and who acted as a go-between with the Ulster rebels, was tried and put to death the next
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had right to the Crown of
England, whereupon Cecil (who had been following the trial at a doorway concealed behind some tapestry) stepped out to make a dramatic denial, going down on his knees to give thanks to God for the opportunity. The witness whom Essex expected to confirm this allegation, his
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Part of the evidence showed that he was in favour of toleration of religious dissent. In his own evidence, he countered the charge of dealing with
Catholics, swearing that "papists have been hired and suborned to witness against me." Essex also asserted that Cecil had stated that none in the world
989:
The indictment charged Essex with "conspiring and imagining at London...to depose and slay the queen, and to subvert the
Government." It also stated that Essex had "endeavoured to raise himself to the Crown of England, and usurp the royal dignity," and that in order to fulfill these intentions, he
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first appeared off the
English coast in October 1597, the English fleet was far out to sea, with the coast almost undefended, and panic ensued. This further damaged the relationship between the queen and Essex, even though he was initially given full command of the English fleet when he reached
1177:, but the countess kept the ring because her husband was an enemy of Essex. As a result, Essex was executed. On her deathbed, the countess is said to have confessed this to Elizabeth, who angrily replied: "May God forgive you, Madam, but I never can". The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in
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Essex led the largest expeditionary force ever sent to
Ireland—16,000 troops—with orders to put an end to the rebellion. He departed London to the cheers of the queen's subjects, and it was expected the rebellion would be crushed instantly, but the limits of Crown resources and of the Irish
795:
Relying on his general warrant to return to
England, given under the great seal, Essex sailed from Ireland on 24 September 1599 and reached London four days later. The queen had expressly forbidden his return and was surprised when he presented himself in her bedchamber one morning at
800:, before she was properly wigged or gowned. On that day, the Privy Council met three times, and it seemed his disobedience might go unpunished, but the queen did confine him to his rooms with the comment that "an unruly beast must be stopped of his provender."
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In August, his freedom was granted, but the source of his basic income—the sweet wines monopoly—was not renewed. His situation had become desperate, and he shifted "from sorrow and repentance to rage and rebellion." In early 1601, he began to fortify
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on 1 October, and he blamed Cecil and
Raleigh for the queen's hostility. Raleigh advised Cecil to see to it that Essex did not recover power, and Essex appeared to heed advice to retire from public life, despite his popularity with the public.
591:
Devereux first came to court in 1584, and by 1587 had become a favourite of the queen, who relished his lively mind and eloquence, as well as his skills as a showman and in courtly love. In June 1587 he replaced the Earl of Leicester as
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Like many other Elizabethan aristocrats Essex was a competent lyric poet, who also participated in court entertainments. He engaged in literary as well as political feuds with his principal enemies, including Walter Raleigh. His poem
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Cecil kept up the pressure and, on 5 June 1600, Essex was tried before a commission of 18 men. He had to hear the charges and evidence on his knees. Essex was convicted, deprived of public office, and returned to virtual confinement.
560:, by whom he had several children, three of whom survived into adulthood. Elizabeth was against the marriage. Sidney, who was Leicester's nephew, had died from an infected gun wound in 1586, 31 days after his participation in the
1556:'s plays and where both Essex and the Earl of Southampton are the illegitimate sons of Queen Elizabeth (the latter also being de Vere's son who is stated by Robert Cecil to have been Elizabeth's first bastard, making Southampton
1229:" in praise of the queen as the moral power linking Europe and America, who supports "the world oppressed" like the mythical Atlas. During his disgrace, he also wrote several bitter and pessimistic verses. His longest poem, "
1811:
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included—took a quarter of an hour to compile a report, which declared that his truce with O'Neill was indefensible and his flight from Ireland tantamount to the desertion of duty. He was committed to the custody of
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to complete the beheading. Previously Thomas Derrick had been convicted of rape but had been pardoned by the Earl of Essex (clearing him of the death penalty) on the condition that he become an executioner at
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625:, but the queen had ordered him not to take part. The English Armada was defeated with 40 ships sunk and 15,000 men lost. In 1591, he was given command of a force sent to the assistance of King
1014:, works which favoured a Catholic successor friendly to Spain. Knollys denied hearing Cecil make the statement. Thanking God again, Cecil expressed his gratitude that Essex was exposed as a
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610:. On one occasion during a heated Privy Council debate on the problems in Ireland, the queen reportedly cuffed an insolent Essex round the ear, prompting him to half draw his sword on her.
596:. After Leicester's death in 1588, the queen transferred the late Earl's royal monopoly on sweet wines to Essex, providing him with revenue from taxes. In 1593, he was made a member of her
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Vincentio Saviolo, his practise, in two bookes, the first intreating of the use of the Rapier and Dagger, the second of Honor and honorable quarrels. London, printed by John Wolfe, 1595,
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says that Elizabeth had given Essex a ring after the expedition to Cádiz that he should send to her if he was in trouble. After his trial, he tried to send the ring to Elizabeth via the
603:
It is reported that his friend and confidant Francis Bacon warned him to avoid offending the queen by attempting to gain power and underestimating her ability to rule and wield power.
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England a few days later. Fortunately, a storm dispersed the Spanish fleet. A number of ships were captured by the English and though there were a few landings, the Spanish withdrew.
2293:
Steven W. May, "The poems of Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford and Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex" in Studies in Philology, 77 (Winter 1980), Chapel Hill, pp. 86 ff.
2385:"A lamentable Dittie composed upon the death of Robert Lord Devereux late Earle of Essex, who was beheaded in the Tower of London, upon Ash Wednesday in the morning. 1601.", 1603,
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Barker, W.R. St Mark's or The Mayor's Chapel, Bristol, Formerly called the Church of the Gaunts. Bristol, 1892, pp. 147–148. Barker states Essex to have been confined in 1599 at
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Essex did underestimate the queen, however, and his later behaviour towards her lacked due respect and showed disdain for the influence of her principal secretary,
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at both the level of dialogue and the level of characterisation. Schmitt's overall argument investigates the relationship between history and narrative generally.
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Essex appeared before the full Council on 29 September, when he was compelled to stand before the council during a five-hour interrogation. The Council—his uncle
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states "Such a narrative is appropriate enough to the place where it was first fully elaborated—a sentimental novelette, but it does not belong to history", and
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753:(1595–1603) was in its middle stages, and no English commander had been successful. More military force was required to defeat the Irish chieftains, led by
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uncle William Knollys, was called and admitted there had once been read in Cecil's presence a book treating such matters. The book may have been either
895:, was injured in the resulting skirmish, and Essex withdrew with his men to Essex House. Essex surrendered after Crown forces besieged Essex House.
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Essex's conviction for treason meant that the earldom was forfeit and his son did not inherit the title. However, after the queen's death, King
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to make knights", but his practice of conferring knighthoods could in time enable Essex to challenge the powerful factions at Cecil's command.
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as his second-in-command, he defied the queen's orders, pursuing the Spanish treasure fleet without first defeating the Spanish battle fleet.
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880:) and entered the city of London in an attempt to force an audience with the queen. Cecil immediately had him proclaimed a traitor.
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There is a widely repeated romantic legend about a ring given by Elizabeth to Essex. There is a possible reference to the legend by
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On the morning of 8 February, he marched out of Essex House with a party of nobles and gentlemen (some later involved in the 1605
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On 19 February 1601, Essex was tried before his peers on charges of treason. Laura Hanes Cadwallader summarised the indictment:
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Some historians consider this story of the ring to be a myth, partly because there are no contemporaneous accounts of it.
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1749:. Numerous ballads lamenting his death and praising his military feats were also published throughout the 17th century.
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The 38 knights he created in Ireland were later ritually degraded, and stripped of their knighthood by Elizabeth. See
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The polarisation of Elizabethan politics : the political career of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, 1585–1597
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1233:" (beginning "From silent night..."), is a penitential lament, probably written while imprisoned awaiting execution.
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The Lives and Letters of the Devereux, Earls of Essex, in the Reigns of Elizabeth, James I, and Charles I, 1540–1646
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suggests that elements of the Earl's biography, in particular his final days and last words, were incorporated into
621:, which sailed to Spain in an unsuccessful attempt to press home the English advantage following the defeat of the
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joined the friendship circle comprising Robert, Sir Fulke Greville and Sir Phillip Sidney, Mary Sidney, by then
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as his co-conspirator: the queen, who was determined to show as much clemency as possible, ignored the charge.
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suggesting that it was known at this time, but the first printed version of it is in the 1695 romantic novel
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The Secret History of the most renowned Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex, by a Person of Quality
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Museo Naval de Madrid, Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval, Tomo III, Capítulo III. Madrid. p. 51
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2230:(compiled by T. B. Howell and T. J. Howell, 33 vols., London, 1809–26, vol. I, pp. 1334–1360)
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523:, Elizabeth I's long-standing favourite and Robert Devereux's godfather. The following year,
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2141:. Routledhe historical biographies (1. publ ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 171–175.
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At least two fencing treatises are dedicated to Robert, Earl of Essex. They are as follows:
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The Career of the Earl of Essex from the Islands Voyage in 1597 to His Execution in 1601
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The Career of the Earl of Essex from the Islands Voyage in 1597 to His Execution in 1601
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Robert Devereux's death and confession became the subject of two popular 17th-century
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An Act for the restitution of the son and two daughters of Robert late earl of Essex.
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1361:(Hamlet or Hecuba: the Irruption of Time into the Play), the German legal theorist
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Love, Lust, and License in Early Modern England. Illicit Sex and the Nobility
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dramatised the queen's relationship with Devereux, ending with his execution.
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in which Essex had distinguished himself. In October 1591, Essex's mistress,
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A History of Shrewsbury School from the Blakeway MMS, and Many Other Sources
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During his confinement at York House, Essex probably communicated with King
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Elizabeth's Wars: War, Government and Society in Tudor England, 1544–1604
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891:. When Essex's men tried to force their way through, Essex's stepfather,
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Calendar of Carew Manuscripts in the Lambeth Library. Vol III: 1599–1600
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Nevertheless, this version of the story forms the basis of the plot of
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933: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
691: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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by George Silver, Gentleman. London, Printed for Edward Blount, 1599,
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Le Comte d'Essex, tragedie. Par Monsieur Boyer de l'Academie françoise
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Melancholy youth representing the Earl of Essex, c.1588, miniature by
400:. Politically ambitious, and a committed general, he was placed under
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1628:
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set lines from the poem in the same year. Settings of Essex's poems "
725:
393:
392:; 10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a
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1800:(1st ed.). London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co. 1888. p. 28.
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2737:"Archival material relating to Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex"
1953:
Armada Española desde la Unión de los Reinos de Castilla y Aragón.
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in his history of England says the story appears to be fiction.
1029:. It was reported to have taken three strokes by the executioner
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Essex was found guilty and, on 25 February 1601, was beheaded on
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Essex is said by editor David L. Stevenson to be alluded to in
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There have been many portrayals of Essex throughout the years:
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2373:"A Lamentable Ballad on the Earl of Essex Death", 1610–1638?,
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A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England
2579:. London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 160–168, 218–219, 228, 231.
1236:
Several of Essex's poems were set to music. English composer
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Other lyrics were written for masques, including the sonnet "
544:
Essex performed military service under his stepfather in the
474:
384:
3145:
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
488:
His father died in 1576, and the new Earl of Essex became a
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Quartered arms of Sir Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG
2624:'By God I Will Beat Tyrone in the Field’: Essex and Ireland
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I, William Shakespeare Do Appoint Thomas Russell, Esquire..
2073:
Calendar of the State Papers relating to Ireland, 1599–1600
418:
against the government of Elizabeth I and was executed for
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369:
1698:
The best known biographical work about Robert Devereux is
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reinstated the earldom in favour of the disinherited son,
2702:
Wisker, Richard (2004). "Leveson, Sir John (1555–1615)".
1603:
430:
Devereux was born on 10 November 1565 at Netherwood near
2586:"Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex – The Tudor Society"
2429:. (6 vols, 1867–73). London: Longman & Co., et al.
1433:
The Unhappy Favourite; Or the Earl of Essex, a Tragedy
1359:
Hamlet oder Hekuba: der Einbruch der Zeit in das Spiel
2018:
1509:
Their relationship also provided material during the
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possess a gold ring which is claimed to be this one.
378:
2533:. London: Macmillan International Higher Education.
1439:
The night of Essex's execution is dramatised in the
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Restitution of the Earl of Essex's Children Act 1603
381:
372:
366:
3100:
English people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1920:
749:, a post which he talked himself into in 1599. The
363:
1843:"Francis Bacon, Shakespeare and the Earl of Essex"
2667:Treason in Tudor England: Politics & Paranoia
2226:. p. 82. Retrieved 8 February 2016. Quoting from
3135:People executed by Tudor England by decapitation
3021:
2471:Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1923.
2218:Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1923.
2076:(1899), London : Longman, H.M.S.O., p. 260.
783:, serving from 1598 to 1601. He was educated at
454:, the mother of Queen Elizabeth I, making him a
2652:1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare
2484:Court Politics and the Earl of Essex, 1589–1601
2387:http://ebba.english.ucsb.edu/ballad/32221/image
2375:http://ebba.english.ucsb.edu/ballad/30130/image
1619:The queen's relationship with Essex (played by
1222:" attacks Raleigh's influence over the queen.
535:who inspired the "Stella" of Phillip Sidney's
2262:The Gunpowder Plot: Treason and Faith in 1605
1378:Essex is briefly alluded to in Shakespeare's
519:On 21 September 1578, Essex's mother married
461:He was brought up on his father's estates at
3070:Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
2708:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2608:Robert, Earl of Essex: An Elizabethan Icarus
2422:
2106:
1242:Can she excuse my wrongs with virtue's cloak
575:
2087:Trinity College in the University of Dublin
2043:"Degradation and Reduction from Knighthood"
629:. In 1596, he distinguished himself by the
3075:Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
2745:
2363:http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/paradoxes.html
1916:. St Catherine's Press. 1926. p. 141.
1906:
1623:) and his stepfather Leicester (played by
966:Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton
898:
56:
2552:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1004:supposedly by R. Doleman but probably by
949:Learn how and when to remove this message
707:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For other people with the same name, see
2679:
2423:Brewer, J. S.; Bullen, W., eds. (1869).
2136:
2008:
1810:
1661:In the 2017 BBC documentary mini-series
1488:The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex
1268:(1610), a collection of songs edited by
1227:Seated between the old world and the new
1049:Some days before the execution, Captain
1025:, the last person to be beheaded in the
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757:, and supplied from Spain and Scotland.
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3165:People of the Nine Years' War (Ireland)
3105:English politicians convicted of crimes
3080:Chancellors of the University of Dublin
2705:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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2195:. New York: Coward-McCann. p. 317.
2190:
2123:. New York: Coward-McCann. p. 309.
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1958:
1926:
1784:"BBC – History – Robert, Earl of Essex"
1602:in the fifth and sixth episodes of the
761:campaigning season dictated otherwise.
14:
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2964:Chancellor of the University of Dublin
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2351:http://www.cs.unc.edu/~hudson/saviolo/
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1544:, a fictional biopic that posits that
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781:Chancellor of the University of Dublin
27:English nobleman and rebel (1565–1601)
2686:Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History
2132:
2130:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1665:, the Earl of Essex was portrayed by
1573:portrayed the Earl of Essex opposite
412:in 1599. In 1601, he led an abortive
3065:British and English royal favourites
3050:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
2974:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
2584:Ridgway, Claire (10 November 2015).
2273:
931:adding citations to reliable sources
902:
853:
823:William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury
689:adding citations to reliable sources
660:
300:Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset
2449:vol V, Book of Howth; Miscellaneous
2282:
1840:
1658:played the ill-fated Earl of Essex.
1598:The Earl of Essex was portrayed by
24:
3120:Executed people from Herefordshire
2127:
1771:
1499:, is based on Anderson's play and
1231:The Passion of a Discontented Mind
1139:Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
1018:while he was found an honest man.
768:that he would confront O'Neill in
440:Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
347:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
315:Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
294:Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
93:Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex
83:Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex
25:
3181:
3140:People executed under Elizabeth I
3115:Executions at the Tower of London
2890:Custos Rotulorum of Staffordshire
2863:Custos Rotulorum of Pembrokeshire
2729:
2637:from the original on 15 June 2024
2610:(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1971)
2304:"Henry V – Shakespeare in quarto"
1942:Pelican Books reissue 1960 p. 354
1581:in a 1968 television adaption of
1144:
732:, Countess of Essex, and her son
446:. His maternal great-grandmother
2753:English Broadside Ballad Archive
1951:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1972).
1516:Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth
1077:
907:
755:Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrone
745:Essex's greatest failure was as
665:
521:Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
512:; and in 1581 he graduated as a
500:. In 1577, he was admitted as a
359:
328:
32:Robert Devereux (disambiguation)
2689:. London: Chatto & Windus.
2621:Morgan, Hiram (February 2002),
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2318:
2296:
2267:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2199:
2184:
2168:
2155:
2112:
2079:
2065:
2030:
1945:
1932:
1894:
1866:, vol. 1 (London, 1853), p. 475
1256:" (set by Richard Martin) and "
918:needs additional citations for
873:, and gathered his followers.
676:needs additional citations for
485:within his father's household.
279:
3095:Earls of Essex (1572 creation)
2927:Master-General of the Ordnance
2515:(1950; reprint London, 1996).
2059:10.1080/00665983.1913.10853228
1914:The Complete Peerage, Volume V
1882:
1869:
1856:
1834:
1822:
1804:
1790:
1759:
1452:Essex is the love interest in
790:
255:Master-General of the Ordnance
18:Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex
13:
1:
3160:People of the Elizabethan era
3155:People of Elizabethan Ireland
3045:17th-century English nobility
3040:16th-century English nobility
2486:(Routledge: Abingdon, 2016).
2409:
2330:A comedy written in the stars
1975:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1812:"Devereux, Robert (DVRS577R)"
1673:
1627:) was also covered by a 2005
1275:
812:
425:
176:Church of St Peter ad Vincula
64:Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger
2722:UK public library membership
2419:3 vols. (London, 1885–1890).
2137:Richards, Judith M. (2012).
1850:Francis Bacon Research Trust
1521:The Loves of Queen Elizabeth
7:
3130:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
2548:Hammer, Paul E. J. (1999).
2527:Hammer, Paul E. J. (2003).
2191:Jenkins, Elizabeth (1958).
2119:Jenkins, Elizabeth (1958).
1862:Walter Bourchier Devereux,
1816:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1663:Elizabeth I's Secret Agents
1244:?" in his 1597 publication
570:Walter Devereux (died 1641)
10:
3186:
3060:Barons Ferrers of Chartley
2838:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
2458:Cadwallader, Laura Hanes.
2205:Cadwallader, Laura Hanes.
1818:. University of Cambridge.
1059:United Kingdom legislation
869:, his town mansion on the
857:
764:Essex had declared to the
747:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
718:
656:
568:, gave birth to their son
506:Trinity College, Cambridge
456:first-cousin-twice-removed
259:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
62:The 2nd Earl of Essex, by
29:
3008:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2933:
2924:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2887:
2879:
2869:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2814:
2805:
2792:
2782:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2306:. Bl.uk. 30 November 2003
2239:Cadwallader, 1923, p. 83.
1552:, was the true author of
1513:era, as in the 1912 film
1212:
1121:
1116:
1100:
1090:
1076:
1071:
1064:
613:In 1589, he took part in
576:Court and military career
324:
310:
289:
264:
238:
207:
191:
183:
170:
159:
131:
112:
98:
88:
78:
70:
55:
48:
41:
2417:Ireland under the Tudors
2107:Brewer & Bullen 1869
1879:(Aldershot, 2008), p. 31
1752:
1503:'s biographical account
1351:
1283:
1196:calls it a fabrication.
465:, Staffordshire, and at
406:poor campaign in Ireland
2575:Hotson, Leslie (1937).
2399:"Ballad Archive Search"
2248:Dickinson, 2012, p. 79.
2165:by Sir Richard Berkeley
2091:George Dames Burtchaell
1479:
1220:Muses no more but mazes
1163:. The version given by
899:Treason trial and death
2942:The Earl of Devonshire
2801:The Earl of Shrewsbury
2714:10.1093/ref:odnb/46972
2665:Smith, Lacey Baldwin:
2513:Elizabeth's Irish Wars
2047:Archaeological Journal
1390:Much Ado About Nothing
1325:Elisabeth d'Angleterre
1175:Countess of Nottingham
1002:The book of succession
992:
982:
978:Captain Thomas Lee by
971:
818:
785:Trinity College Dublin
742:
739:Robert Peake the elder
588:
531:, and Robert's sister
343:
3125:Knights of the Garter
2823:The Earl of Worcester
2786:The Earl of Worcester
2769:The Earl of Leicester
2467:15 April 2016 at the
2274:Weir, Alison (1998),
2264:(London, 1997), p. 13
2214:15 April 2016 at the
1984:10.3318/dib.006962.v1
1738:, set to the English
1593:Hallmark Hall of Fame
1564:
1558:the product of incest
1084:Parliament of England
987:
977:
964:
806:
728:
583:
477:. He was educated by
341:
297:Lady Dorothy Devereux
233:Irish Nine Years' War
3150:People from Bromyard
2741:UK National Archives
2590:www.tudorsociety.com
2177:, pp. 165–168;
2109:, pp. 295, 297.
2095:Thomas Ulick Sadleir
2011:, pp. 198–199;
1990:on 26 September 2023
1743:Essex Last Goodnight
1728:Paradoxes of Defence
1534:Essex was played by
1505:Elizabeth and Essex.
1246:First Booke of Songs
1156:The Devil's Law Case
927:improve this article
840:James VI of Scotland
828:Sir Richard Berkeley
685:improve this article
538:Astrophel and Stella
529:Countess of Pembroke
2920:The Earl of Warwick
2776:Master of the Horse
2276:Elizabeth the queen
2193:Elizabeth the Great
2121:Elizabeth the Great
1704:Elizabeth and Essex
1694:Essex in literature
1588:Elizabeth the Queen
1554:William Shakespeare
1472:Elizabeth the Queen
1367:William Shakespeare
1345:Elizabeth and Essex
1317:Salvadore Cammarano
1264:) are published in
1240:set a poem called "
1044:Penelope, Lady Rich
594:Master of the Horse
566:Elizabeth Southwell
304:Sir Walter Devereux
243:Master of the Horse
160:Cause of death
2982:Peerage of England
2957:1st Baron Burghley
2938:Title next held by
2916:Title last held by
2819:Title next held by
2797:Title last held by
2761:Political offices
2496:Ellis, Steven G.:
2482:Dickinson, Janet,
2441:vol III, 1589–1600
2415:Bagwell, Richard:
1968:(September 2014).
1683:in the video game
1454:La Reine Elizabeth
1357:In the 1956 essay
1290:Saverio Mercadante
1266:A Musicall Banquet
1170:History of England
1135:James I of England
983:
972:
893:Christopher Blount
819:
779:He was the second
743:
730:Frances Walsingham
650:3rd Spanish Armada
637:expedition to the
627:Henry IV of France
589:
554:Francis Walsingham
552:, daughter of Sir
550:Frances Walsingham
344:
271:Frances Walsingham
154:Kingdom of England
125:Kingdom of England
3018:
3017:
3009:Succeeded by
2971:Succeeded by
2949:Academic offices
2907:Military offices
2900:Sir Thomas Gerard
2897:Succeeded by
2894:bef. 1594 – 1601
2870:Succeeded by
2845:Succeeded by
2783:Succeeded by
2720:(Subscription or
2675:978-1-84413-551-6
2453:vol VI, 1603–1624
2445:vol IV, 1601–1603
2437:vol II, 1575–1588
2148:978-0-415-48157-1
2015:, pp. 8, 10.
1940:Queen Elizabeth 1
1938:Neale, Sir John.
1875:Johanna Rickman.
1736:broadside ballads
1714:Vincentio Saviolo
1538:in the 2011 film
1527:as the queen and
1460:, 1912, starring
1396:Gautier Coste de
1315:with libretto by
1307:Gaetano Donizetti
1258:To plead my faith
1201:Gaetano Donizetti
1179:Westminster Abbey
1153:in his 1623 play
1131:
1130:
1072:Act of Parliament
980:Marcus Gheeraerts
959:
958:
951:
860:Essex's Rebellion
854:Essex's rebellion
809:Marcus Gheeraerts
717:
716:
709:
586:Nicholas Hilliard
562:Battle of Zutphen
558:Sir Philip Sidney
541:sonnet sequence.
483:Shrewsbury School
336:
335:
230:expedition, 1597
123:, Herefordshire,
16:(Redirected from
3177:
3055:Barons Bourchier
2988:Preceded by
2954:Preceded by
2880:Preceded by
2873:Sir James Perrot
2853:Preceded by
2830:Preceded by
2766:Preceded by
2758:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2725:
2717:
2698:
2681:Strachey, Lytton
2650:Shapiro, James:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2580:
2571:
2544:
2500:(London, 1985).
2433:vol I, 1515–1574
2430:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2039:Dillon, Viscount
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1986:. Archived from
1962:
1956:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:, pp. 60–61
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1841:Dawkins, Peter.
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1679:He is voiced by
1651:The Virgin Queen
1612:(1971) starring
1583:Maxwell Anderson
1467:Maxwell Anderson
1412:Le Comte d'Essex
1408:Thomas Corneille
1402:Le Comte d'Essex
1331:Benjamin Britten
1321:François Ancelot
1319:based mainly on
1312:Roberto Devereux
1294:Il Conte d'Essex
1254:Change thy minde
1206:Roberto Devereux
1081:
1080:
1067:
1062:
1061:
997:Infanta of Spain
968:, Essex's chief
954:
947:
943:
940:
934:
911:
903:
817:
814:
721:Essex in Ireland
712:
705:
701:
698:
692:
669:
661:
631:capture of Cádiz
450:was a sister of
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
332:
283:
281:
247:Privy Councillor
224:Capture of Cádiz
208:Wars and battles
179:
138:
135:25 February 1601
127:
119:Netherwood near
116:10 November 1565
60:
39:
38:
21:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3085:Devereux family
3020:
3019:
3014:
3012:Robert Devereux
3005:
3001:
2993:
2991:Walter Devereux
2976:
2967:
2959:
2939:
2930:
2917:
2902:
2893:
2885:
2883:Thomas Trentham
2875:
2866:
2858:
2856:Sir John Perrot
2848:
2841:
2833:
2820:
2811:
2798:
2788:
2779:
2771:
2735:
2732:
2719:
2669:(Pimlico 2006)
2654:(London, 2005)
2640:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2594:
2592:
2560:
2541:
2469:Wayback Machine
2412:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2283:
2272:
2268:
2258:Fraser, Antonia
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2216:Wayback Machine
2204:
2200:
2189:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2135:
2128:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1970:"O'Neill, Hugh"
1963:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1702:'s masterpiece
1700:Lytton Strachey
1696:
1676:
1616:as Elizabeth I.
1575:Judith Anderson
1571:Charlton Heston
1567:
1525:Sarah Bernhardt
1501:Lytton Strachey
1482:
1462:Sarah Bernhardt
1441:Timothy Findley
1354:
1341:Lytton Strachey
1286:
1278:
1262:Daniel Bacheler
1250:Orlando Gibbons
1215:
1190:Lytton Strachey
1147:
1086:
1078:
1065:
1060:
1027:Tower of London
969:
955:
944:
938:
935:
924:
912:
901:
862:
856:
815:
793:
751:Nine Years' War
736:
723:
713:
702:
696:
693:
682:
670:
659:
578:
502:fellow-commoner
463:Chartley Castle
444:Lettice Knollys
428:
410:Nine Years' War
362:
358:
319:Lettice Knollys
317:
302:
298:
296:
285:
282: 1590)
277:
273:
257:
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249:
245:
231:
226:
222:
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214:
199:
174:
140:
136:
118:
117:
66:
44:
43:Robert Devereux
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3170:Treason trials
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:English rebels
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
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3032:
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2895:
2886:
2881:
2877:
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2871:
2868:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:Lords Justices
2846:
2843:
2834:
2832:Lords Justices
2831:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2804:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2731:
2730:External links
2728:
2727:
2726:
2699:
2677:
2663:
2648:
2646:
2618:
2601:
2581:
2572:
2558:
2545:
2540:978-0230629769
2539:
2524:
2511:Falls, Cyril:
2509:
2494:
2492:978-1848930773
2480:
2456:
2420:
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2078:
2064:
2029:
2027:, p. 212.
2017:
2001:
1957:
1944:
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1855:
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1659:
1646:
1635:co-production
1617:
1614:Glenda Jackson
1596:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1550:Earl of Oxford
1546:Edward de Vere
1532:
1507:
1485:The 1939 film
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1450:
1437:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1333:'s 1953 opera
1328:
1309:'s 1837 opera
1304:
1292:'s 1833 opera
1285:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:Robert Dowland
1214:
1211:
1146:
1145:The Essex ring
1143:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1040:Walter Raleigh
1031:Thomas Derrick
1006:Robert Persons
970:co-conspirator
957:
956:
915:
913:
906:
900:
897:
883:A force under
878:Gunpowder Plot
858:Main article:
855:
852:
798:Nonsuch Palace
792:
789:
719:Main article:
715:
714:
673:
671:
664:
658:
655:
643:Walter Raleigh
641:in 1597, with
635:Islands Voyage
623:Spanish Armada
619:English Armada
577:
574:
514:Master of Arts
508:; in 1579, he
498:Burghley House
458:of the queen.
427:
424:
334:
333:
326:
322:
321:
312:
308:
307:
306:(illegitimate)
291:
287:
286:
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220:English Armada
216:Spanish Armada
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203:, Warwickshire
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139:(aged 35)
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99:Known for
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3108:
3106:
3103:
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3096:
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3090:Earls Marshal
3088:
3086:
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3078:
3076:
3073:
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3000:
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2998:Earl of Essex
2992:
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2840:
2839:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2816:In commission
2810:
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2803:
2802:
2795:
2794:In commission
2791:
2787:
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2777:
2770:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:0-571-21480-0
2657:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2616:0-297-00320-8
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:Lacey, Robert
2602:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:0-521-43485-8
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2521:0-09-477220-7
2518:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:0-582-49341-2
2503:
2499:
2498:Tudor Ireland
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2278:, p. 466
2277:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2009:Strachey 1930
2005:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1966:Morgan, Hiram
1961:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1724:George Silver
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1688:
1687:
1686:Astrologaster
1682:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:Hans Matheson
1653:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:'s 1930 play
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:Elizabeth Rex
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:La Calprenède
1395:
1393:at 3.1.10–11.
1392:
1391:
1386:
1384:at 5.0.22–34.
1383:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Felice Romani
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
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1191:
1187:
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1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
981:
976:
967:
963:
953:
950:
942:
939:February 2016
932:
928:
922:
921:
916:This section
914:
910:
905:
904:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
868:
861:
851:
847:
845:
844:Lord Mountjoy
841:
836:
833:
829:
824:
810:
805:
801:
799:
788:
786:
782:
777:
773:
771:
767:
766:Privy Council
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
740:
735:
731:
727:
722:
711:
708:
700:
690:
686:
680:
679:
674:This section
672:
668:
663:
662:
654:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
633:. During the
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:Francis Drake
611:
609:
604:
601:
599:
598:Privy Council
595:
587:
582:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:and widow of
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
525:Francis Bacon
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:Lord Burghley
491:
486:
484:
480:
479:Thomas Ashton
476:
472:
471:Pembrokeshire
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:, the son of
437:
436:Herefordshire
433:
423:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
389:
356:
352:
348:
340:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
292:
288:
272:
267:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
201:Merevale Hall
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
166:
163:Execution by
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
130:
126:
122:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:Earl of Essex
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3003:8th creation
3002:
2996:
2962:
2940:
2934:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2888:
2861:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2808:Earl Marshal
2806:
2799:
2793:
2774:
2703:
2685:
2666:
2651:
2641:14 September
2639:, retrieved
2623:
2607:
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2576:
2549:
2529:
2512:
2497:
2483:
2460:
2425:
2416:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2298:
2275:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2228:State Trials
2227:
2207:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2138:
2120:
2114:
2102:
2081:
2072:
2067:
2050:
2046:
2032:
2020:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1988:the original
1973:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1934:
1927:Ridgway 2015
1922:
1913:
1908:
1896:
1891:, p. 69
1884:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1849:
1836:
1831:, p. 32
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1792:
1768:, p. 13
1761:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1718:His Practice
1717:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1684:
1662:
1649:
1648:In the 2005
1643:Helen Mirren
1636:
1625:Jeremy Irons
1607:
1586:
1539:
1529:Lou Tellegen
1520:
1514:
1504:
1486:
1470:
1458:Émile Moreau
1453:
1444:
1431:
1421:
1418:Claude Boyer
1411:
1401:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1363:Carl Schmitt
1358:
1344:
1339:is based on
1334:
1324:
1310:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1245:
1238:John Dowland
1235:
1224:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1186:John Lingard
1183:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1151:John Webster
1148:
1132:
1123:Royal assent
1110:
1056:
1048:
1020:
1009:
1008:or Persons'
1001:
993:
988:
984:
945:
936:
925:Please help
920:verification
917:
889:Ludgate Hill
885:John Leveson
882:
875:
863:
848:
837:
820:
807:Portrait by
794:
778:
774:
763:
759:
744:
703:
694:
683:Please help
678:verification
675:
647:
612:
608:Robert Cecil
605:
602:
590:
543:
536:
518:
510:matriculated
487:
460:
429:
413:
404:following a
402:house arrest
346:
345:
251:Earl Marshal
212:Dutch revolt
137:(1601-02-25)
36:
3035:1601 deaths
3030:1565 births
2326:"Press Kit"
2179:Wisker 2004
2175:Hotson 1937
2163:Essex House
2139:Elizabeth I
2089:(1593–1860
2053:: 183–186.
2025:Hammer 2003
2013:Morgan 2002
1901:Hammer 1999
1889:Hammer 1999
1829:Hammer 1999
1766:Hammer 1999
1681:Rich Keeble
1667:Joe Wredden
1641:, starring
1638:Elizabeth I
1609:Elizabeth R
1600:Robin Ellis
1579:Elizabeth I
1548:, the 17th
1497:Errol Flynn
1493:Bette Davis
1491:, starring
1194:Alison Weir
1127:7 July 1604
1023:Tower Green
867:Essex House
830:in his own
816: 1597
791:First trial
546:Netherlands
452:Anne Boleyn
448:Mary Boleyn
415:coup d'état
408:during the
398:Elizabeth I
196:Essex House
184:Nationality
107:Elizabeth I
79:Predecessor
3024:Categories
3006:1576–1601
2968:1598–1601
2931:1597–1601
2867:1592–1601
2812:1597–1601
2780:1587–1601
2724:required.)
2695:1037867845
2595:4 November
2410:References
2335:11 October
1740:folk tunes
1674:Video game
1621:Hugh Dancy
1591:, for the
1456:, play by
1428:John Banks
1276:Portrayals
1260:" (set by
1165:David Hume
1092:Long title
1051:Thomas Lee
832:York House
426:Early life
2683:(1930) .
2477:752786933
2224:752786933
1629:Channel 4
1541:Anonymous
1531:as Essex.
1203:'s opera
1038:. At Sir
697:June 2017
648:When the
396:of Queen
394:favourite
325:Signature
265:Spouse(s)
192:Residence
165:beheading
142:Liberties
103:Favourite
89:Successor
74:1576–1601
2632:archived
2568:39539158
2465:Archived
2212:Archived
2041:(1913).
1747:Welladay
1536:Sam Reid
1523:), with
1336:Gloriana
1298:libretto
1107:1 Jas. 1
1102:Citation
995:but the
842:through
533:Penelope
432:Bromyard
198:, London
178:, London
121:Bromyard
2310:23 July
1606:series
1595:series.
1436:(1682).
1424:(1678).
1414:(1678).
1404:(1639).
1381:Henry V
1167:in his
1016:traitor
657:Ireland
467:Lamphey
420:treason
311:Parents
284:
276:
239:Offices
187:English
144:of the
2935:Vacant
2913:Vacant
2718:
2693:
2673:
2658:
2614:
2566:
2556:
2537:
2519:
2504:
2490:
2475:
2455:
2431:
2222:
2145:
1730:(1599)
1720:(1595)
1511:silent
1372:Hamlet
1213:Poetry
1036:Tyburn
871:Strand
770:Ulster
741:, 1594
734:Robert
639:Azores
442:, and
228:Azores
171:Buried
150:London
71:Tenure
2842:1599
2635:(PDF)
2628:(PDF)
1994:3 May
1846:(PDF)
1753:Notes
1443:play
1352:Stage
1296:with
1284:Opera
1117:Dates
1109:. c.
1054:day.
475:Wales
473:, in
434:, in
290:Issue
278:(
274:
146:Tower
2691:OCLC
2671:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2643:2024
2612:ISBN
2597:2022
2564:OCLC
2554:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2473:OCLC
2337:2023
2312:2011
2220:OCLC
2143:ISBN
1996:2024
1745:and
1495:and
1480:Film
490:ward
132:Died
113:Born
2710:doi
2055:doi
1980:doi
1633:HBO
1604:BBC
1585:'s
1577:'s
1369:'s
1343:'s
1323:'s
1300:by
929:by
737:by
687:by
617:'s
504:at
496:of
492:of
105:of
3026::
2739:.
2630:,
2606::
2588:.
2562:.
2451:•
2447:•
2443:•
2439:•
2435:•
2328:.
2284:^
2260:,
2129:^
2051:70
2049:.
2045:.
1978:.
1972:.
1848:.
1814:.
1773:^
1726:–
1716:–
1706:.
1654:,
1565:TV
1430:,
1420:,
1410:,
1400:,
1272:.
1141:.
813:c.
811:,
787:.
600:.
572:.
516:.
469:,
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385:uː
355:PC
353:,
351:KG
349:,
280:m.
152:,
148:,
2743:.
2716:.
2712::
2697:.
2662:.
2599:.
2570:.
2543:.
2523:.
2508:.
2479:.
2401:.
2339:.
2314:.
2181:.
2151:.
2093:/
2061:.
2057::
1998:.
1982::
1929:.
1852:.
1786:.
1689:.
1669:.
1645:.
1631:/
1560:)
1519:(
1449:.
1347:.
1327:.
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937:(
923:.
710:)
704:(
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695:(
681:.
388:/
382:r
379:ˌ
376:ə
373:v
370:ɛ
367:d
364:ˈ
361:/
357:(
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20:)
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