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Soma (drink)

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3355: 4045:. He said that the vessels have revealed residues and seed impressions left behind during the preparation of soma. This has not been sustained by subsequent investigations. Alternatively Mark Merlin, who revisited the subject of the identity of soma more than thirty years after originally writing about it stated that there is a need of further study on links between soma and 42: 3702:
journey through the cosmos, or a bull running to mate with cows (represented by the milk). The most important myth about Soma is about his theft. In it, Soma was originally held captive in a citadel in heaven by the archer Kṛśānu. A falcon stole Soma, successfully escaping Kṛśānu, and delivered Soma
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In Yasna 9.22, haoma grants "speed and strength to warriors, excellent and righteous sons to those giving birth, spiritual power and knowledge to those who apply themselves to the study of the nasks". As the religion's chief cult divinity he came to be perceived as its divine priest. In Yasna 9.26,
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of the Rigveda is completely dedicated to Soma Pavamana, and is focused on a moment in the ritual when the soma is pressed, strained, mixed with water and milk, and poured into containers. These actions are described as a representation of a variety of things, including a king conquering territory,
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by the texts of the Avesta. At the conclusion of the 1999 Haoma-Soma workshop in Leiden, Jan E. M. Houben writes: "despite strong attempts to do away with ephedra by those who are eager to see sauma as a hallucinogen, its status as a serious candidate for the Rigvedic Soma and Avestan Haoma still
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Mukherjee, B. L., The Soma Plant, JRAS, (1921), Idem, The Soma Plant, Calcutta, (1922), The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland,
3707:, the first sacrificer. Additionally, Soma is associated with the moon in the late Rigveda and Middle Vedic period. Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, is sometimes stated to be the wife of Soma. 3451:
The texts describe the preparation of soma by means of extracting the juice from a plant, the identity of which is now unknown and debated among scholars. Both in the ancient religions of
4013:, and that "there is nothing shamanistic or visionary either in early Vedic or in Old Iranian texts", Falk also asserted that the three varieties of ephedra that yield ephedrine ( 3616:) and (present-day) Iran. It was "a syncretic mixture of old Central Asian and new Indo-European elements" which borrowed "distinctive religious beliefs and practices" from the 3990:, as the likely candidate. Since its introduction in 1968, this theory has gained both detractors and followers in the anthropological literature. Wasson and his co-author, 3859:, as outlined by the three Vedas), one will always undoubtedly receive a place in heaven where they will enjoy all of the divine pleasure that are enjoyed by the Deities. 3608:, from which the Indo-Aryan people descended. According to Anthony, the Old Indic religion probably emerged among Indo-European immigrants in the contact zone between the 3632:, were transferred to the adopted god Indra, who became the central deity of the developing Old Indic culture. Indra was the subject of 250 hymns, a quarter of the 3620:(BMAC). This syncretic influence is supported by at least 383 non-Indo-European words that were borrowed from this culture, including the god 3689:
are portrayed as consuming soma in copious quantities. In the vedic ideology, Indra drank large amounts of soma while fighting the serpent demon
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and others made portions of the Avesta available to western scholars, several scholars have sought a representative botanical equivalent of the
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McDonald, A. "A botanical perspective on the identity of soma (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) based on scriptural and iconographic records" in
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is the drink prepared by pressing the stalks of a plant, but the word and the related practices were borrowed by the Indo-Aryans from the
4998: 4042: 3847:), desiring fruit from these actions, and those who drink the juice of the pure Soma plant, are cleansed and purified of their past sins. 3647: 3617: 3538: 3934:
as described in the texts and as used in living Zoroastrian practice. In the late 19th century, the highly conservative Zoroastrians of
90: 5475: 2262: 853: 3577:, who migrated into the Indus River valley region of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Aryans were speakers of a branch of the 5101: 4930:"Report concerning the contents of a ceramic vessel found in the "white room" of the Gonur Temenos, Merv Oasis, Turkmenistan" 4742: 4534: 4513: 4412: 4303: 4269: 3808:
is said to have invested him with the sacred girdle, and in Yasna 10.89, to have installed haoma as the "swiftly sacrificing
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Soma is a Vedic Sanskrit word that literally means "distill, extract, sprinkle", often connected in the context of rituals.
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Merlin, M., Archaeological Record for Ancient Old World Use of Psychoactive Plants, Economic Botany, 57(3): (2008)
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Monier Williams (1899), A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, Oxford, the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1249.
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were said to enhance alertness and awareness, did not coincide with the consciousness altering effects of an
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The Horse The Wheel And Language. How Bronze-Age Riders From the Eurasian Steppes Shaped The Modern World
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Hendel v World Plan Executive Council, 124 WLR 957 (January 2, 1996); affd 705 A.2d 656, 667 (DC, 1997)
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wrote that he had discovered vessels and mortars used to prepare soma in Zoroastrian temples in the
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Ray, Jogesh, Chandra, Soma Plant, Indian Historical Quarterly, vol. 15, no. 2, June, 1939, Calcutta
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We have drunk the soma; we have become immortal; we have gone to the light; we have found the gods.
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M. Mayrhofer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen, Heidelberg 1986–2000, vol II: 748
3994:, drew parallels between Vedic descriptions and reports of Siberian uses of the fly-agaric in 5465: 5126: 3865: 3564: 3327: 3305: 3195: 3060: 2633: 2241: 2121: 1529: 1515: 683: 5020: 4182: 678: 4602: 3493: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3190: 2852: 2430: 2400: 2231: 2136: 2032: 1767: 1661: 5093:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century
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What can hostility do to us now, and what the malice of a mortal, o immortal one?
2531: 5359: 5354: 5341: 5221: 4856:"Fly Agaric: A Compendium of History, Pharmacology, Mythology, & Exploration" 4624: 4576: 4373: 4232: 4111: 3977: 3939: 3704: 3673:, the same word (soma) is used for the drink, the plant, and its deity. Drinking 3642: 3609: 3497: 3471: 3359: 3282: 3230: 3039: 2943: 2887: 2824: 2640: 2541: 2437: 2186: 2166: 2037: 1912: 1892: 1812: 1508: 1494: 1392: 1372: 1335: 927: 922: 649: 528: 492: 437: 432: 259: 3972:. A number of proposals were made, including one in 1968 by the American banker 3693:. The consumption of soma by human beings is well attested in Vedic ritual. The 3650:
religion. His rise to prominence was a peculiar trait of the Old Indic speakers.
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Heesterman, Jan (2005). "Vedism and Brahmanism". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.).
4140:, p. 339, for an overview of publications up to 1997 on this subject. 3721: 1117: 5444: 5412: 5364: 4655: 4258:
Toorn, Karel van der; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter Willem van der (1999).
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Wasson, Robert Gordon (1968). "Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality".
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was an inebriant but not cannabis, and suggested fly-agaric mushroom,
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mentions the drink in chapter 9. It is equivalent to the Iranian
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involves a notion of "soma", said to be based on the Rigveda.
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Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton translates this as:
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K.F.Geldner, Der Rig-Veda. Cambridge MA, 1951, Vol. III: 1-9
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Many of the qualities of Indo-Iranian god of might/victory,
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In the late 1960s, several studies attempted to establish
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was proposed as the soma candidate by Jogesh Chandra Ray,
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Those who desire heaven, (the Abode of the Lord known as
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The Vedic religion was the religion of some of the Vedic
4603:"UT College of Liberal Arts: UT College of Liberal Arts" 3796:
yielded the essential ingredient for the ritual drink,
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Merlin, Mark, Man and Marijuana, (Barnes and Co, 1972)
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
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There has been much speculation about the most likely
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Those who perform actions (as described in the three
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and which they exported to the Indian Zoroastrians.
3550: 4811:John Brough (1971). "Soma and "Amanita muscaria"". 4479: 3894:, mushrooms, psychoactive and other herbal plants. 3890:plant. Candidates that have been suggested include 3886:There has been much speculation as to the original 3636:. He was associated more than any other deity with 5019: 4001:In 1989 Harry Falk noted that, in the texts, both 3834:Soma has been mentioned in Chapter 9, verse 20 of 3428:) is a ritual drink of importance among the early 4626:The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India 4622: 4578:The Rigveda –– Earliest Religious Poetry of India 4574: 4257: 3624:and the ritual drink Soma. According to Anthony, 5457: 4652:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Eastern Philosophy 4501:Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult 4497: 3901:is held today in South India by the traditional 3748:In the Vedas, soma "is both a plant and a god." 4533:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKus'mina2007 ( 5074:Ploughing the clouds:The search for Irish Soma 5127: 4261:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible 4109:Soma, a drug used by characters in the novel 3953:During the colonial British era scholarship, 3379: 5047: 4528: 4449: 4927: 4810: 4581:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. 4491: 4411:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBeckwith2011 ( 4264:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 384. 3875: 3604:, and show relations with rituals from the 5134: 5120: 5017: 4687: 4681: 4473: 4340: 4338: 3386: 3372: 4790:. Chandler & Sharp. pp. 96–108. 4730: 4649: 4629:. Oxford University Press. p. 1129. 4029:) also have the properties attributed to 3640:, a stimulant drug (perhaps derived from 5008: 4406: 4319: 4985: 4562: 4550: 4485: 4428: 4335: 4043:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex 3870:Transcendental Meditation-Sidhi Program 2263:Sources and classification of scripture 5458: 4879: 4853: 4291: 4151:yajñair iṣhṭvā svar-gatiṁ prārthayante 3961:(1939) and by B. L. Mukherjee (1921). 3823: 5115: 5086: 4785: 4678:Bhagavad Gita on Indra Ch 10 verse 22 4461: 4344: 3589:, which in turn developed out of the 890:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 885:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 4643: 4382:(Reprint: 2001). pp. 1136–1137. 4351:. Mittal Publications. p. 416. 4348:Flora of Eastern Karnataka, Volume 1 3482:, identify the plant as "Somalata" ( 5003:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 4498:Roger D. Woodard (18 August 2006). 3928:Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron 13: 3926:Since the late 18th century, when 3919:) which is procured as a leafless 14: 5507: 5009:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009), 4688:Williamson, Lola (January 2010). 4149:trai-vidyā māṁ soma-pāḥ pūta-pāpā 3855:Thus, by performing good action ( 3436:mentions it, particularly in the 4298:. Sophia Perennis. p. 320. 4209:"Bhagavad Gita: The Song of God" 4155:aśhnanti divyān divi deva-bhogān 4080:, an equivalent divine plant in 3882:Botanical identity of soma–haoma 3751: 3727:kíṃ nūnám asmā́n kr̥ṇavad árātiḥ 3581:family, which originated in the 3353: 40: 5476:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens 5057:The Origin of the Indo-Iranians 4962: 4953: 4944: 4921: 4912: 4903: 4872: 4847: 4804: 4779: 4769: 4760: 4751: 4724: 4715: 4672: 4616: 4595: 4568: 4434: 4386: 4372:Monier Monier-Williams (1872). 4153:te puṇyam āsādya surendra-lokam 4143: 4138:The Origin of the Indo-Iranians 4130: 3729:kím u dhūrtír amr̥ta mártiyasya 3585:and further developed into the 5042:Blue Tide: The Search for Soma 4365: 4285: 4251: 4201: 4188: 4176: 4167: 3464:identity of the original plant 128:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1: 5005:, Vol. 9. Issue 1c (May 2003) 4375:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary 4161: 3942:, which was locally known as 3654: 3646:) probably borrowed from the 3184:Other society-related topics: 880:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 5022:The Encyclopedia of Religion 5013:, Princeton University Press 4737:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 4506:University of Illinois Press 4074:, a god associated with soma 3725:áganma jyótir ávidāma devā́n 3602:Proto-Indo-European religion 3507: 3295:Hinduism and other religions 2092:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 5491:Mythological food and drink 5141: 5096:. Pearson Education India. 4731:Oldenberg, Hermann (1988). 4196:An Introduction to Hinduism 4065: 3722: 3424: 3040:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3012:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 745:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 689:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 684:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 5512: 4992:Princeton University Press 4986:Anthony, David W. (2007), 4978: 4623:Stephanie Jamison (2015). 4575:Stephanie Jamison (2015). 4213:www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org 4089:, an edible equivalent in 3879: 3827: 3755: 3658: 3562: 3558: 3551: 2916:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1601:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1537:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 725:Uparati (self-settledness) 5393: 5340: 5302: 5212: 5149: 4882:Ethno-Mycological Studies 4825:10.1017/S0041977X0012957X 4788:Hallucinogens and Culture 4295:Symbols of Sacred Science 3938:(Iran) were found to use 3913:(Sanskrit: soma creeper, 3770:may be glimpsed from the 3723:ápāma sómam amŕ̥tā abhūma 3453:Historical Vedic religion 3413: 2082:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 740:Samadhana (concentration) 604:Three paths to liberation 111:Tribal religions in India 96:Historical Vedic religion 91:Indus Valley Civilisation 5049:Kuz'mina, Elena Efimovna 5011:Empires of the Silk Road 4786:Furst, Peter T. (1976). 4734:The Religion of the Veda 4605:. Liberalarts.utexas.edu 4124: 4119:Soma drug - carisoprodol 4037:The Soviet archeologist 3992:Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty 3909:, the plant used is the 3876:Candidates for the plant 3618:Bactria–Margiana culture 3539:Bactria–Margiana culture 916:, sacrifice, and charity 5072:Lamborn Wilson, Peter. 4691:Transcendent in America 4650:Stevenson, Jay (2000). 4380:Oxford University Press 4329:in The PBS Documentary 4223:. Chapter 9, Verse 20. 4221:Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog 3089:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2302:Timeline of Hindu texts 2207:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1240:Pumsavana Simantonayana 895:Śabda (word, testimony) 133:Epic-Puranic chronology 101:Dravidian folk religion 4854:Feeney, Kevin (2020). 3970:psychoactive substance 3862: 3816:) for himself and the 3746: 3734: 3677:produces immortality ( 3652: 3579:Indo-European language 3549:origin from the root * 3054:Eighteen Greater Texts 2683:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2112:Krishnananda Saraswati 1356:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 870:Pratyakṣa (perception) 730:Titiksha (forbearance) 4476:, pp. 9552–9553. 4345:Singh, N. P. (1988). 4292:Guénon, René (2004). 4136:See Kuzʹmina (2007), 3866:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 3840: 3774:(particularly in the 3738: 3718: 3659:Further information: 3626: 3565:Indo-Aryan migrations 3170:Varna-related topics: 3061:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2634:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1530:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1516:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1448:Philosophical schools 750:Ahamkara (attachment) 710:Vairagya (dispassion) 638:Mokṣa-related topics: 5044:. Autonomedia, 1999. 4928:C.C. Bakels (2003). 3980:, who asserted that 3494:Psilocybin mushrooms 3302:Hinduism and Jainism 2232:Vethathiri Maharishi 2137:Nisargadatta Maharaj 705:Viveka (discernment) 80:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 5076:, City Lights,1999. 4997:Bakels, C.C. 2003. 4431:, pp. 454–455. 3897:When the ritual of 3824:Post-Vedic mentions 3681:, Rigveda 8.48.3). 3547:Proto-Indo-European 3533:) "to press", i.e. 3360:Hinduism portal 3239:Hinduism by country 3075:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3019:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2102:Dayananda Saraswati 2087:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 1993:Sripada Srivallabha 1933:Raghunatha Siromani 1898:Narasimha Saraswati 875:Anumāṇa (inference) 4970:The Story of India 4331:The Story of India 4325:Victor Sarianidi, 4048:Papaver somniferum 4016:Ephedra gerardiana 3254:Caribbean Shaktism 2973:Kanakadhara Stotra 2222:U. G. Krishnamurti 2202:Satyadhyana Tirtha 1798:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1456:Six Astika schools 700:Ānanda (happiness) 679:Anātman (non-self) 16:Vedic ritual drink 5481:Historical drinks 5453: 5452: 5103:978-81-317-1120-0 4744:978-81-208-0392-3 4515:978-0-252-09295-4 4508:. pp. 242–. 4305:978-0-900588-77-8 4271:978-0-8028-2491-2 3785:also survived as 3762:The finishing of 3606:Andronovo culture 3587:Andronovo culture 3583:Sintashta culture 3543:Manfred Mayrhofer 3430:Vedic Indo-Aryans 3422: 3396: 3395: 3247:Balinese Hinduism 2746:Markandeya Purana 1983:Satyanatha Tirtha 1938:Raghuttama Tirtha 1928:Raghavendra Swami 1773:Ramdas Kathiababa 854:Sources of dharma 720:Dama (temperance) 715:Sama (equanimity) 81: 5503: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5069: 5037: 5025: 5014: 4994: 4973: 4966: 4960: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4925: 4919: 4916: 4910: 4909:Falk, 1989, p 87 4907: 4901: 4899: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4654:. Indianapolis: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4404: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4342: 4333: 4327:Viktor Sarianidi 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4215:. Translated by 4205: 4199: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4156: 4147: 4141: 4134: 4039:Viktor Sarianidi 4021:E. major procera 3987:Amanita muscaria 3974:R. Gordon Wasson 3916:Cynanchum acidum 3780:Avestan language 3778:, Yasna 9), and 3731: 3554: 3553: 3490:Amanita muscaria 3485:Cynanchum acidum 3427: 3417: 3415: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3318:and Christianity 3288:Pilgrimage sites 3218:Reform movements 3096:Vinayagar Agaval 3047:Five Great Epics 2996:Tamil literature 2895:Sushruta Samhita 2690:Bhavishya Purana 2676:Brahmanda Purana 2627:Bhagavata Purana 2555:Other scriptures 2117:Mahavatar Babaji 1697:Satyakama Jabala 1368:Ganesh Chaturthi 1222:Rites of passage 735:Shraddha (faith) 153:Major traditions 79: 44: 21: 20: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5389: 5336: 5298: 5208: 5145: 5140: 5110: 5104: 5081:Economic Botany 5067: 5034: 4981: 4976: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4949: 4945: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4862: 4852: 4848: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757:Aitchison, 1888 4756: 4752: 4745: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4621: 4617: 4608: 4606: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4542: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4496: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4474:Heesterman 2005 4472: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4420: 4410: 4405: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4343: 4336: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4290: 4286: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4112:Brave New World 4068: 3978:ethnomycologist 3884: 3878: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3832: 3826: 3760: 3754: 3745: 3742: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3716:(8.48.3) says: 3667: 3657: 3610:Zeravshan River 3593:culture of the 3567: 3561: 3545:has proposed a 3519:cognate is the 3510: 3498:Peganum harmala 3472:Siddha medicine 3392: 3354: 3352: 3333: 3332: 3326: 3296: 3262: 3241: 3233: 3223: 3222: 3185: 3118: 3110: 3102: 3101: 2998: 2966: 2888:Charaka Samhita 2867:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 2825:Shilpa Shastras 2804: 2757: 2641:Naradiya Purana 2613: 2608: 2583: 2557: 2516: 2380: 2312: 2296: 2265: 2257: 2247: 2246: 2192:Shirdi Sai Baba 2187:Sathya Sai Baba 2167:Ramana Maharshi 2071: 2038:Vadiraja Tirtha 2033:Vācaspati Miśra 1913:Srinivasacharya 1893:Narahari Tirtha 1873:Matsyendranatha 1858:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 1823:Jagannatha Dasa 1813:Haridasa Thakur 1732: 1611: 1603: 1593: 1592: 1548: 1509:Vishishtadvaita 1458: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1393:Makar Sankranti 1373:Vasant Panchami 1336:Maha Shivaratri 1320: 1224: 1133: 1067: 1036: 917: 908: 900: 899: 864: 758: 695:Prajña (wisdom) 691: 668: 632: 606: 575: 544: 542:Meaning of life 529:God in Hinduism 518: 482: 480:Supreme reality 457:Subtle elements 446: 427: 421: 411: 410: 266: 235: 209: 201: 191: 190: 187: 154: 148: 138: 137: 82: 77:Hindu synthesis 73: 68: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5509: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5124: 5116: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5088:Singh, Upinder 5084: 5077: 5070: 5066:978-9004160545 5065: 5045: 5038: 5032: 5015: 5006: 4995: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4968:Michael Wood, 4961: 4952: 4943: 4920: 4911: 4902: 4894: 4871: 4846: 4819:(2): 331–362. 4803: 4796: 4778: 4768: 4759: 4750: 4743: 4723: 4714: 4700: 4680: 4671: 4664: 4658:. p. 46. 4642: 4636:978-0190633394 4635: 4615: 4594: 4588:978-0190633394 4587: 4567: 4565:, p. 454. 4555: 4553:, p. 462. 4540: 4531:, p. 319. 4521: 4514: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4464:, p. 185. 4454: 4452:, p. 319. 4442: 4433: 4418: 4394: 4385: 4364: 4357: 4334: 4318: 4304: 4284: 4270: 4250: 4200: 4194:Flood (1996), 4187: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4142: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4084: 4082:Zoroastrianism 4075: 4067: 4064: 3959:The Soma Plant 3880:Main article: 3877: 3874: 3841: 3825: 3822: 3787:Middle Persian 3768:Zoroastrianism 3756:Main article: 3753: 3750: 3739: 3719: 3656: 3653: 3560: 3557: 3509: 3506: 3502:Ephedra sinica 3457:Zoroastrianism 3394: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3324: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3191:Discrimination 3187: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3085: 3082:Abirami Antati 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3029: 3022: 3015: 3008: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2967: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2933: 2930:Ramcharitmanas 2926: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2881:Pramana Sutras 2877: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2853:Mimamsa Sutras 2849: 2846:Samkhya Sutras 2842: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2811:Dharma Shastra 2806: 2805: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2774: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2714: 2707: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2494: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2445:Shvetashvatara 2441: 2434: 2427: 2420: 2417:Brihadaranyaka 2412: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2397: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2329: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2227:Upasni Maharaj 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2053:Vedanta Desika 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1973:Samarth Ramdas 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1923:Purandara Dasa 1920: 1915: 1910: 1908:Nimbarkacharya 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1828:Jayanta Bhatta 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1498: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1363:Raksha Bandhan 1360: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1245:Simantonnayana 1242: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1194:Carnatic music 1191: 1186: 1181: 1179:Bhagavata Mela 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1123:Kundalini yoga 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 919: 918: 912: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 866: 865: 860: 857: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 760: 759: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 686: 681: 676: 670: 669: 666: 663: 662: 657: 652: 647: 641: 640: 634: 633: 628: 625: 624: 619: 614: 608: 607: 602: 599: 598: 593: 588: 583: 577: 576: 573:Stages of life 571: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 546: 545: 540: 537: 536: 534:God and gender 531: 526: 520: 519: 516: 513: 512: 507: 502: 501: 500: 495: 484: 483: 478: 475: 474: 469: 467:Gross elements 464: 459: 454: 448: 447: 444: 441: 440: 435: 429: 428: 425: 422: 417: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 342: 341: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 277: 268: 267: 257: 254: 253: 248: 243: 237: 236: 231: 228: 227: 222: 217: 211: 210: 205: 202: 197: 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 181: 178: 177: 172: 167: 162: 156: 155: 152: 149: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 130: 125: 123:Itihasa-Purana 114: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 69: 66: 65: 62: 61: 60: 59: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5508: 5497: 5496:Vedic customs 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5105: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5053:J. P. Mallory 5050: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5033:0-02-865733-0 5029: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4983: 4971: 4965: 4956: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4897: 4895:0-15-683800-1 4891: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4799: 4797:0-88316-517-1 4793: 4789: 4782: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4727: 4718: 4703: 4701:9780814794708 4697: 4694:. NYU Press. 4693: 4692: 4684: 4675: 4667: 4665:9780028638201 4661: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4619: 4604: 4598: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4536: 4530: 4529:Kus'mina 2007 4525: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4502: 4494: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4458: 4451: 4450:Kuz'mina 2007 4446: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4414: 4409:, p. 32. 4408: 4407:Beckwith 2011 4403: 4401: 4399: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4368: 4360: 4358:9788170990673 4354: 4350: 4349: 4341: 4339: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4184: 4179: 4170: 4166: 4146: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4054:According to 4052: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4026:E. intermedia 4022: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3976:, an amateur 3975: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3836:Bhagavad Gita 3831: 3821: 3819: 3818:Amesha Spenta 3815: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3752:Avestan haoma 3749: 3744: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3612:(present-day 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3595:Central Asian 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3261:Hindu culture 3259: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3213:Organisations 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2937:Yoga Vasistha 2934: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2902:Natya Shastra 2899: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2840: 2839:Brahma Sutras 2836: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785:Sthapatyaveda 2782: 2780: 2779: 2778:Gandharvaveda 2775: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2739:Varaha Purana 2736: 2734: 2733: 2732:Skanda Purana 2729: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2669:Brahma Purana 2666: 2664: 2663: 2662:Garuda Purana 2659: 2657: 2656: 2655:Matsya Purana 2652: 2650: 2649: 2648:Vāmana Purana 2645: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2620:Vishnu Purana 2617: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2564:Bhagavad Gita 2561: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2147:Radhakrishnan 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2127:Narayana Guru 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2107:Jaggi Vasudev 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2097:Chinmayananda 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1958:Ramprasad Sen 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808:Gorakshanatha 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1753:Allama Prabhu 1751: 1749: 1748:Akka Mahadevi 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1738:Abhinavagupta 1736: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1687:Prashastapada 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1547:Other schools 1545: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1523:Shuddhadvaita 1520: 1518: 1517: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1204:Kalaripayattu 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1139:Bharatanatyam 1137: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1018:Nritta-Nritya 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 915: 911: 910: 904: 903: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 863: 859: 858: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 755: 754: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 665: 664: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 642: 639: 636: 635: 631: 627: 626: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 605: 601: 600: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 574: 570: 569: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 547: 543: 539: 538: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 515: 514: 511: 508: 506: 503: 499: 496: 494: 491: 490: 489: 486: 485: 481: 477: 476: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 449: 443: 442: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 424: 423: 420: 415: 414: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 343: 340: 337: 336: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 276: 274: 270: 269: 265: 261: 256: 255: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 238: 234: 230: 229: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 212: 208: 204: 203: 200: 195: 194: 186: 185: 180: 179: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 157: 151: 150: 147: 142: 141: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 120: 119: 118: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 78: 75: 74: 72: 64: 63: 58: 55: 53: 50: 49: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 32: 31: 27: 23: 22: 19: 5466:Soma (drink) 5350:Sapta Sindhu 5092: 5080: 5073: 5056: 5041: 5021: 5010: 5002: 4987: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4918:Houben, 2003 4914: 4905: 4888:. New York. 4885: 4881: 4874: 4863:. Retrieved 4860:ResearchGate 4859: 4849: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4762: 4753: 4733: 4726: 4717: 4705:. Retrieved 4690: 4683: 4674: 4651: 4645: 4625: 4618: 4607:. Retrieved 4597: 4577: 4570: 4563:Anthony 2007 4558: 4551:Anthony 2007 4524: 4500: 4493: 4486:Anthony 2007 4481: 4469: 4457: 4445: 4436: 4429:Anthony 2007 4388: 4374: 4367: 4347: 4321: 4309:. Retrieved 4294: 4287: 4275:. Retrieved 4260: 4253: 4217:Mukundananda 4212: 4203: 4195: 4190: 4178: 4169: 4145: 4137: 4132: 4110: 4062:experience. 4056:Michael Wood 4053: 4046: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4020: 4014: 4006: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3931: 3925: 3914: 3910: 3896: 3887: 3885: 3863: 3842: 3833: 3813: 3812:" (Sanskrit 3809: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3792:. The plant 3789: 3782: 3775: 3763: 3761: 3747: 3740: 3735: 3720: 3711: 3709: 3695:Soma Mandala 3678: 3674: 3668: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630:Verethraghna 3627: 3574: 3573:tribes, the 3568: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3483: 3461: 3450: 3438:Soma Mandala 3404: 3403: 3397: 3320: / 3316: / 3312: / 3308: / 3306:and Buddhism 3304: / 3268:Architecture 3231:Other topics 3169: 3152: 3124:Four varnas: 3123: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2985: 2978: 2971: 2949: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2909:Panchatantra 2907: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2879: 2872: 2865: 2860:Nyāya Sūtras 2858: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2818:Artha Śastra 2816: 2809: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2744: 2737: 2730: 2725:Kūrma Purana 2723: 2718:Linga Purana 2716: 2711:Shiva Purana 2709: 2702: 2697:Padma Purana 2695: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2660: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2632: 2625: 2618: 2595: 2588: 2573:s (Hinduism) 2570: 2562: 2503: 2496: 2489: 2483:Atharvaveda: 2482: 2473: 2466: 2459: 2450: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2408: 2399: 2392: 2385: 2347: 2338: 2331: 2324: 2317: 2197:Shraddhanand 2172:Ravi Shankar 2152:R. D. Ranade 2013:Śyāma Śastri 2008:Swaminarayan 1968:Rupa Goswami 1878:Morya Gosavi 1838:Jiva Goswami 1743:Adi Shankara 1569:Pratyabhijña 1535: 1528: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1300:Samavartanam 1280:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1265:Annaprashana 1189:Dandiya Raas 1164:Mohiniyattam 1057:Nididhyāsana 862:Epistemology 794:Brahmacharya 674:Ātman (self) 637: 581:Brahmacharya 510:Saccidānanda 462:Panchikarana 338: 271: 262: / 258:Other major 182: 116: 115: 70: 18: 5445:Dirghatamas 5413:Vishvamitra 5385:Drishadvati 5040:Jay, Mike. 4707:23 February 4656:Alpha Books 4105:Sima (mead) 4060:entheogenic 3806:Ahura Mazda 3402:tradition, 3314:and Judaism 3310:and Sikhism 3278:Iconography 3203:Nationalism 3196:Persecution 2980:Shiva Stuti 2874:Yoga Sutras 2704:Agni Purana 2606:Other texts 2597:Mahabharata 2340:Atharvaveda 2237:Vivekananda 2162:Rama Tirtha 2157:Ramakrishna 2132:Nigamananda 2122:Mahesh Yogi 1998:Sripadaraja 1988:Siddheshwar 1883:Mukundarāja 1863:Madhusūdana 1853:Kanaka Dasa 1778:Chakradhara 1722:Yajnavalkya 1712:Vishvamitra 1581:Pancharatra 1479:Vaisheshika 1435:Ratha Yatra 1383:Janmashtami 1378:Rama Navami 1295:Ritushuddhi 1270:Chudakarana 1260:Nishkramana 1230:Garbhadhana 1199:Pandav Lila 1108:Bhakti yoga 993:Prāyaścitta 764:Niti śastra 612:Bhakti yoga 591:Vānaprastha 406:Vishvakarma 339:Post-Vedic: 175:Vaishnavism 117:Traditional 5471:Entheogens 5460:Categories 5433:Bharadvaja 5408:Gritsamada 5403:Saptarishi 5249:Visvedevas 4865:2020-12-27 4609:2018-10-04 4462:Singh 2008 4311:24 January 4277:24 January 4245:Q108659922 4229:B0747RJJNG 4162:References 3828:See also: 3655:Vedic soma 3614:Uzbekistan 3571:Indo-Aryan 3563:See also: 3529:(Sanskrit 3154:Varna-less 3026:Tiruppukal 2987:Vayu Stuti 2951:Panchadasi 2944:Swara yoga 2832:Kama Sutra 2771:Dhanurveda 2431:Taittiriya 2409:Yajurveda: 2401:Kaushitaki 2378:Upanishads 2370:Upanishads 2294:Scriptures 2142:Prabhupada 2058:Vidyaranya 1943:Ram Charan 1918:Prabhākara 1833:Jayatīrtha 1788:Dadu Dayal 1783:Chāngadeva 1642:Bharadwaja 1632:Ashtavakra 1398:Kumbh Mela 1346:Durga Puja 1275:Karnavedha 1255:Nāmakaraṇa 1184:Yakshagana 1113:Karma yoga 1103:Jnana yoga 1098:Hatha yoga 1035:Meditation 1008:Tirthadana 789:Aparigraha 645:Paramātman 630:Liberation 622:Karma yoga 617:Jnana yoga 346:Dattatreya 146:Traditions 71:Historical 5438:Vasishtha 5380:Yavyavati 5360:Sarasvati 5355:Nadistuti 5059:, Brill, 4237:28015595M 4034:stands". 4011:entheogen 3911:somalatha 3907:Somayajis 3899:somayajna 3798:parahaoma 3665:Mandala 9 3661:Somayajna 3508:Etymology 3480:Somayajis 3476:Somayajna 3419:romanized 3328:Criticism 3322:and Islam 3283:Mythology 3136:Kshatriya 3068:Athichudi 3005:Tirumurai 2923:Tirumurai 2532:Vyākaraṇa 2468:Chandogya 2460:Samaveda: 2348:Divisions 2326:Yajurveda 2286:Ātmatuṣṭi 2242:Yogananda 2217:Trailanga 2212:Sivananda 2077:Aurobindo 2063:Vyasaraja 2028:Tyagaraja 1978:Sankardev 1948:Ramananda 1843:Jñāneśvar 1818:Harivansh 1803:Gaudapada 1768:Chaitanya 1707:Vashistha 1677:Patanjali 1657:Jamadagni 1576:Vaishnava 1564:Pashupata 1341:Navaratri 1318:Festivals 1285:Upanayana 1250:Jatakarma 1235:Pumsavana 1154:Kuchipudi 1149:Kathakali 1118:Rāja yoga 1052:Samādhāna 933:Prarthana 907:Practices 834:Svādhyāya 438:Mythology 433:Cosmology 426:Worldview 371:Kartikeya 302:Prajapati 241:Saraswati 5486:Libation 5418:Vamadeva 5151:Mandalas 5090:(2008). 5051:(2007), 4841:84458441 4241:Wikidata 4066:See also 3998:ritual. 3996:shamanic 3955:cannabis 3851:Indralok 3776:Hōm Yast 3634:Rig Veda 3535:*sau-ma- 3468:Ayurveda 3410:Sanskrit 3341:Glossary 3273:Calendar 3208:Hindutva 3131:Brahmana 2802:samhitas 2794:Shastras 2764:Ayurveda 2755:Upavedas 2590:Ramayana 2581:Itihasas 2547:Jyotisha 2514:Vedangas 2498:Mandukya 2394:Aitareya 2386:Rigveda: 2365:Aranyaka 2360:Brahmana 2333:Samaveda 2048:Valluvar 2043:Vallabha 2023:Tulsidas 1953:Ramanuja 1903:Nayanars 1888:Namadeva 1730:Medieval 1672:Kashyapa 1588:Charvaka 1559:Kapalika 1423:Puthandu 1413:Vaisakhi 1310:Antyesti 1290:Keshanta 1214:Adimurai 1209:Silambam 1174:Sattriya 1159:Manipuri 844:Mitahara 824:Santosha 784:Achourya 596:Sannyasa 586:Gṛhastha 445:Ontology 419:Concepts 207:Trimurti 170:Smartism 165:Shaktism 160:Shaivism 34:Hinduism 26:a series 24:Part of 5428:Angiras 5332:Danavas 5294:Aryaman 5264:Tvashtr 5259:Ashvins 5214:Deities 5143:Rigveda 5083:2004;58 5055:(ed.), 4979:Sources 4072:Chandra 3940:ephedra 3905:called 3903:Srautas 3830:Chandra 3713:Rigveda 3669:In the 3643:Ephedra 3598:steppes 3559:Origins 3552:sew(h)- 3531:sav-/su 3517:Avestan 3515:Soma's 3478:called 3434:Rigveda 3421::  3398:In the 3346:Outline 3141:Vaishya 3109:Society 2960:Stotras 2611:Puranas 2537:Nirukta 2527:Chandas 2522:Shiksha 2505:Prashna 2491:Mundaka 2355:Samhita 2319:Rigveda 2182:Samarth 2018:Tukaram 1963:Ravidas 1702:Valmiki 1652:Jaimini 1622:Angiras 1617:Agastya 1609:Ancient 1495:Advaita 1489:Vedanta 1484:Mīmāṃsā 1464:Samkhya 1351:Ramlila 1093:Sādhanā 983:Tarpana 968:Kīrtana 963:Bhajana 914:Worship 839:Shaucha 814:Akrodha 660:Saṃsāra 524:Ishvara 493:Nirguna 488:Brahman 452:Tattvas 376:Krishna 361:Hanuman 356:Ganesha 292:Chandra 287:Ashvins 251:Parvati 246:Lakshmi 233:Tridevi 199:Deities 106:Śramaṇa 86:History 67:Origins 57:History 5395:Rishis 5370:Sarayu 5365:Sindhu 5342:Rivers 5312:Vritra 5304:Asuras 5289:Varuna 5274:Pushan 5269:Ribhus 5254:Maruts 5100:  5063:  5030:  4892:  4839:  4833:612695 4831:  4794:  4741:  4698:  4662:  4633:  4585:  4512:  4355:  4302:  4268:  4243:  4235:  4227:  4198:, p.43 3810:zaotar 3783:*hauma 3772:Avesta 3691:Vritra 3679:Amrita 3591:Kurgan 3474:, and 3432:. The 3146:Shudra 2964:stutis 2800:, and 2798:sutras 2452:Maitri 2177:Ramdas 2070:Modern 2003:Surdas 1868:Madhva 1793:Eknath 1763:Basava 1758:Alvars 1692:Raikva 1682:Pāṇini 1667:Kapila 1662:Kanada 1647:Gotama 1554:Shaiva 1502:Dvaita 1403:Pongal 1326:Diwali 1305:Vivaha 1169:Odissi 1144:Kathak 1083:Yogini 1047:Dhyana 998:Tirtha 953:Bhakti 943:Temple 938:Śrauta 819:Arjava 779:Ahimsa 774:Niyama 757:Ethics 565:Moksha 550:Dharma 498:Saguna 396:Shakti 381:Kubera 327:Varuna 307:Pushan 220:Vishnu 215:Brahma 52:Hindus 5322:Dasas 5317:Susna 5284:Mitra 5279:Rudra 5242:Ushas 5232:Indra 5222:Devas 4837:S2CID 4829:JSTOR 4776:1921) 4125:Notes 4095:Quran 4091:Bible 4087:Manna 4078:Haoma 4031:haoma 4003:haoma 3968:as a 3932:haoma 3892:honey 3888:Sauma 3857:Karma 3845:Vedas 3814:hotar 3794:haoma 3764:haoma 3758:Haoma 3700:Sun's 3683:Indra 3671:Vedas 3622:Indra 3575:aryas 3527:*sav- 3522:haoma 3446:haoma 3400:Vedic 3163:Dalit 3116:Varna 3033:Kural 2571:Agama 2542:Kalpa 2438:Katha 2310:Vedas 2281:Ācāra 2276:Smṛti 2271:Śruti 2255:Texts 1848:Kabir 1717:Vyasa 1627:Aruni 1474:Nyaya 1428:Vishu 1408:Ugadi 1088:Asana 1073:Sadhu 1042:Tapas 1013:Matha 1003:Yatra 988:Vrata 973:Yajna 948:Murti 829:Tapas 804:Damah 799:Satya 769:Yamas 655:Karma 555:Artha 472:Guṇas 386:Radha 351:Durga 322:Ushas 317:Surya 312:Rudra 297:Indra 273:Vedic 264:Devis 260:Devas 225:Shiva 5423:Atri 5375:Rasā 5327:Danu 5237:Soma 5227:Agni 5098:ISBN 5061:ISBN 5028:ISBN 4934:EJVS 4890:ISBN 4792:ISBN 4739:ISBN 4709:2015 4696:ISBN 4660:ISBN 4631:ISBN 4583:ISBN 4535:help 4510:ISBN 4413:help 4353:ISBN 4313:2021 4300:ISBN 4279:2021 4266:ISBN 4225:ASIN 4183:soma 4100:Mead 4093:and 4023:and 4007:soma 4005:and 3982:soma 3966:soma 3948:homa 3936:Yazd 3921:vine 3864:The 3710:The 3705:Manu 3698:the 3687:Agni 3685:and 3675:soma 3663:and 3648:BMAC 3638:Soma 3500:and 3455:and 3442:Gita 3425:sóma 3405:soma 3177:Jāti 2962:and 2475:Kena 2424:Isha 1637:Atri 1469:Yoga 1418:Bihu 1388:Onam 1331:Holi 1131:Arts 1078:Yogi 1065:Yoga 1028:Sevā 1023:Dāna 978:Homa 958:Japa 928:Ārtī 923:Puja 849:Dāna 809:Dayā 667:Mind 650:Maya 560:Kama 401:Sita 391:Rama 366:Kali 332:Vayu 282:Agni 184:List 5001:in 4821:doi 3946:or 3944:hum 3868:'s 3790:hōm 3766:in 3703:to 3414:सोम 517:God 5462:: 5204:10 4990:, 4936:. 4932:. 4884:. 4858:. 4835:. 4827:. 4817:34 4815:. 4543:^ 4504:. 4421:^ 4397:^ 4378:. 4337:^ 4239:. 4233:OL 4231:. 4219:. 4211:. 4051:. 4019:, 3923:. 3838:: 3820:. 3800:. 3555:. 3504:. 3496:, 3492:, 3470:, 3448:. 3440:. 3416:, 3412:: 2796:, 505:Om 28:on 5199:9 5194:8 5189:7 5184:6 5179:5 5174:4 5169:3 5164:2 5159:1 5135:e 5128:t 5121:v 5106:. 5036:. 4972:. 4940:. 4938:9 4900:) 4898:. 4886:1 4878:( 4868:. 4843:. 4823:: 4800:. 4747:. 4711:. 4668:. 4639:. 4612:. 4591:. 4537:) 4518:. 4488:. 4415:) 4361:. 4315:. 4281:. 4247:. 4115:. 3408:( 3387:e 3380:t 3373:v 3156:: 275::

Index

a series
Hinduism

Hindus
History
Hindu synthesis
History
Indus Valley Civilisation
Historical Vedic religion
Dravidian folk religion
Śramaṇa
Tribal religions in India
Itihasa-Purana
Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
Epic-Puranic chronology
Traditions
Shaivism
Shaktism
Smartism
Vaishnavism
List
Deities
Trimurti
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva
Tridevi
Saraswati
Lakshmi
Parvati

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