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American scholar Erik Jens has argued that the "dog whistles" in the mini-series such as scenes where
Stierlitz buys luxury goods on the black markets of Berlin such as French cigarettes and cognac, which he greatly enjoys, which Soviet viewers took as an allegory for buying forbidden Western goods on Soviet black markets (a very common practice in the Soviet Union), were intentionally added in to give the series credibility with the Soviet public. The fact that Stierlitz buys goods on the black markets of Berlin that were otherwise unobtainable in a wartime economy helped to make the character more appealing to a Soviet audience in the 1970s who likewise had to frequently resort to the black markets to obtain basic goods that were not readily available in the stores.
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interactions do nothing to advance the plot as these scenes are utterly superfluous to the story. However, the point of these scenes are to show that
Stierlitz is still a moral human being, who remains sociable and kind to all people, including the citizens of the state that his country is at war with despite the way that state has killed millions of his own people. Unlike Bond, Stierlitz is devoted to his wife who he deeply loves and despite spending at least ten years as a spy in Germany and having countless chances to sleep with attractive German women remains faithful towards her. The brooding, thoughtful and quiet Stierlitiz who remains devoted to his wife who he has not seen for years reflects a certain Russian ideal of a romantic hero.
487:. Working deep undercover, Stierlitz tries to collect intelligence about the Germans' war plans and communicate it to Moscow. He receives instructions from Moscow on how to proceed, on one occasion traveling to Switzerland on a secret mission. He diverts the German nuclear "Vengeance Weapon" research program into a fruitless dead-end, thwarts separate peace talks between Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, engages in intellectual games with members of the Nazi high command and sacrifices his own happiness for the good of his motherland. Despite being racked with desire to return home to his wife he subordinates his feelings to his duty, thus embodying an idealised Soviet vision of patriotism.
564:. Unlike most Soviet productions, Stierlitz is described as working for Russia rather than the Soviet Union or "the party", suggesting that he is first and foremost a Russian patriot rather than a Communist. Unlike many Soviet productions, most of the ordinary Germans Stierlitz meets are portrayed in a favorable light with the implied message that the ordinary Germans were not responsible for Nazi crimes. Instead, the message of both the book and the TV show was that ordinary Germans were in a certain sense victims of the Nazi leaders who are shown as treating their own people with a callous contempt.
647:, a former KGB agent, has been portrayed as "embod the image—very important for the Russian television audience—of Standartenführer von Stierlitz... If anyone missed the connection between Putin, who served in Germany, and von Stierlitz, articles in the press reminded them of the resemblance and helped create the association." The connection went both ways; Putin was strongly influenced by the novels, commenting: "What amazed me most of all was how one man's effort could achieve what whole armies could not." Putin himself first came to public attention in 1991 when as an aide to
586:
Soviet Union in the Great
Patriotic War ensured that Soviet audiences could never accept an ultra-violent figure like James Bond as a hero, instead preferring a mere cerebral, intellectual hero like Stierlitz who wins by his cunning and his intelligence. Jens wrote: "No fictional Russian spy, either approved by the Kremlin or accepted by Soviet citizenry, could take such a cartoonish view of life and death as do James Bond and his countless Western imitations". Jens argued that Stierlitz is far closer to
594:, but that comparison does not entirely work as: "Bond is a pop culture icon, on the same plane as Superman, Tintin, or Mickey Mouse. And however intricately and realistically John le Carré rendered him or how compellingly Gary Oldman or the late Alec Guinness played him on-screen, Smiley remains a creature of the shadowy intelligence world, known mainly to the fans of the genre and having little to say to the wider culture". Jens wrote the character whom Stierlitz mostly closely resembles is
25:
607:, and the Russian people have never really accepted any other actors playing the character. Jens noted that both Finch and Stierlitz play the same role in their respective national cultures as embodying certain ideals about their respective professions as Finch is the sort of lawyer that Americans wish that they had while Stierlitz is the sort of spy that Russians wish that they had.
531:, the Higher SS Police Chief of Italy, which was historically correct; however the picture of the United States seeking an alliance with Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union was not. The picture of Operation Sunrise as an attempt to form an American-German alliance was widely accepted in the Soviet Union and
101:
598:
as both characters are "morally complex and admirable" men operating in deeply amoral worlds (the segregationist Deep South of the 1930s, Nazi
Germany) who do their best to retain their integrity and work to redeem despised professions (i.e. lawyer, spy). In much the same way that the part of Atticus
585:
Jens noted that
Stierlitz is often called the "Russian James Bond" that description is incorrect as the Stierlitz is "...not nearly as cartoonish or formulaic a figure as Agent 007 or indeed the majority of Western, especially American, fictional spies". Jens argued that the heavy losses taken by the
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was subsequently ordered to add in new scenes showing the Red Army advancing and taking Berlin, which added another year to its production, causing the mini-series to debut in 1973 instead of 1972 as planned. To save money and give a sense of authenticity, the battle scenes
Lioznova added were mostly
438:
was one of the most expensive Soviet television productions ever filmed, being shot on a lavish scale that was unusual for Soviet television. All of the leading parts were played by famous and well respected actors, which certainly contributed to its appeal. The mini-series caused much protest by the
555:
In an entirely unrealistic scene, Stierlitz's beloved wife is smuggled into Berlin to be allowed to see him from a café in Berlin opposite another café on the other side of the street which he is in; for six minutes
Stierlitz and his wife stare longingly at each other before departing without saying
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who knows that there is a Soviet spy in Berlin and gradually closes in on
Stierlitz. Much of the dramatic tension in both the book and the mini-series comes from the way that Müller, who is portrayed here as a relentless Javert-like figure moves irrevocably towards the conclusion that Stierlitz is
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was a KGB sponsored production, many people who saw the mini-series viewed the
Stierlitz character as a metaphor for dissidents in the Soviet Union. The way that Stierlitiz, who despite being in the presence of mostly sympathetic people has to hide at all times who he really is, what he is really
551:
that has greatly annoyed
Westerners who are more accustomed to seeing spy stories via the prism of the fast-paced Bond stories is the way that Stierlitz spends much time interacting with ordinary Germans who he meets during his long walks on the streets and parks of Berlin despite the fact these
516:. Unlike the real Müller, a very ambitious and rather crude career policeman whose only interest was power, Bronevoy portrayed Müller as having a certain suave charm whose conversations with Stierlitz, which however pleasant on the surface, were really attempts to probe who he really is.
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and published as a book later in 1969. The novel was set in Berlin in March-May 1945 as the Red Army advanced onto Berlin, causing the Nazis to become more desperate while Isayev, who has gone undercover in Berlin under the alias Max Otto von Stierlitz, outmaneuvers their plans. Impressed by the
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saw parallels between Siterlitiz, who can never say what he really feels and their own situation in the Soviet Union, which helped to make the character an iconic figure even to those who feared the KGB, and contributed to his appeal even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The
340:
The culture of Imperial Russia was very strongly influenced by that of France, and Russian writers accordingly shared the disdain traditionally held by French writers towards spy novels, which was seen as a lowbrow type of literature. In the Soviet Union, espionage was depicted before 1961 as
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the mole, who in turn knows he can only delay the inevitable, but chooses to stay on as long as possible to sabotage the German war effort as much as he can. In what appeared to be a joke on the part of the mini-series's producers, the part of Müller was played by the Jewish actor
539:, found himself in 1973-74 being regularly criticized by ordinary Soviet citizens who fumed at the alleged American perfidy against the Soviet Union during the Dulles-Wolff talks. However, there is a kernel of truth to the version of the Dulles-Wolff talks offered in
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was unusual amongst Soviet television series in having a hero who enjoys certain Western luxuries as normally in Soviet TV Western luxury goods were associated with decadence and corruption and as a result shunned by the protagonists.
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in that the Soviets were not informed of Operation Sunrise at first, and expressed much suspicion of Operation Sunrise when they did learn of the talks, believing that Dulles was engaged in something underhanded against them.
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against external enemies rather than just defending the Communist government against its ideological opponents. Stierlitiz engages in a lengthy "battle of the wits" with the Nazi leaders, especially his nemesis the Gestapo chief
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and give the KGB a more positive image. It was during his tenure as KGB chairman from 1961 to 1967 that the cult of the "hero spies" began in the Soviet Union, the Soviet media lionising the achievements of spies such as
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460:, Stierlitz is the cover name for a Soviet super-spy Colonel Maxim Maximovich Isaуev (Макси́м Макси́мович Иса́ев), whose real name is Vsevolod Vladimirovich Vladimirov (Все́волод Влади́мирович Владимиров).
665:
In the movie Seventeen Moments of Spring Stierlitz has the longest scene of complete silence in the history of Russian sound cinema when Stirlitz silently meets with his wife for five and a half minutes.
349:("Death to Spies!"), which reflected the picture promoted by the Soviet state of spies as a disreputable type of person who deserved to be killed without mercy. Furthermore, the legacy of the
651:, the mayor of Leningrad (modern St. Petersburg), he performed for Soviet television an iconic scene from the television mini-series, making much of the fact that both he and Stierlitz were
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something committed against the Soviet state by its enemies and not as an activity that the Soviet state itself engaged in. Perhaps the best example of this attitude was the founding of
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Red Army, who complained that the series gave the impression that it was the NKVD that won the Great Patriotic War, as the war with Germany is known in the Soviet Union. The director
560:(which is set in 1945) that he left the Soviet Union to go undercover in Nazi Germany "more than ten years ago", which means that Stierlitz was not involved in any way in the
494:; most of the time he gains his knowledge without any Bond-style stunts and gadgets, while in the film adaptation of the stories the action is presented through a narrative
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was another enormous hit in 1973, attracting an average of 30-40 million viewers per night and turning the Isayev character into a cultural phenomena in the Soviet Union.
406:, set in the Russian Civil War, which marked the first appearance of the heroic Cheka agent Maxim Maximovich Isaуev. In 1967, Semichastny was replaced as KGB chairman by
619:, often satirising his deductive trains of thought, with unexpected twists, delivered in the deadpan style of the voice-overs in the film adaptations; for example:
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Stierlitz approaches Berlin. The city is veiled in smoke from the fires. "Forgot to switch off the iron again," thought Stierlitz with slight irritation.
627:
Stierlitz continues to be a popular character in modern Russia. Despite the fact that references and Stierlitz jokes remain in contemporary speech,
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328:. Other actors portrayed Stierlitz in several other films. Stierlitz has become a stereotypical spy in Soviet and post-Soviet culture, similar to
1954:
394:. Inspired by the popularity of the James Bond novels in the West, Semichastny also encouraged Soviet writers to write novels featuring heroic
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a word. Through Stierlitz is a spy for the NKVD as the Soviet secret police was known from 1934 to 1946, it is stated quite explicitly in
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in Western culture. American historian Erik Jens has described Stierlitz as the "most popular and venerable hero of Russian spy fiction".
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doing and what he really believes, was seen as an inspiring metaphor for dissidents in the Brezhnev era Soviet Union. Much of the Soviet
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Considered the most successful Soviet espionage thriller ever made and is one of the most popular television series in Soviet history.
662:, such as "Character: nordic, robust" (Характер — нордический, выдержанный, a personal characteristic, usually mocking or ironic).
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635:. Stierlitz also continues to have a political significance. When his actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov died in December 2009, the
643:—sent its condolences to his family. Ivan Zassoursky notes that Russian Prime Minister (and former and current President)
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1681:"Large Dictionary: Catch Phrases of the National Cinema" (Большой словарь: Крылатые фразы отечественного кино) 2001,
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is very popular mainly because it is quite patriotic. It is repeated annually on Russian television, usually around
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Jens, Erik (June 2017). "Cold War Spy Fiction in Russian Popular Culture: From Suspicion to Acceptance via
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1729:"Игра Штырлиц 2: Танго в Пампасах | Скачать квест Штырлиц 2, прохождение, сейвы, видео и многое другое"
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434:, Andropov pressed to have the book adopted as a television mini-series, which was filmed in 1971–72.
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502:. He is presented in a deeply patriotic but non-ideological light, fighting to defend the Soviet
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as secret policemen are always called in Russia, a very negative image. In November 1961,
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1274:Штырлиц 4: Матрица — Шаг до гибели (Stierlitz 4 Matrix - Step To Death)
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who likewise encouraged writers to publish novels featuring heroic
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1206:Штырлиц 2: Танго в Пампасах (Stierlitz 2: Tango in the Pampas)
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1228:Штырлитц: Открытие Америки (Stierlitz: Discovery of America)
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as its inspiration, both the novel and mini-series depicted
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Stierlitz is quite the opposite of the action-oriented
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1263:Штирлиц 2: Умпут навсегда (Stierlitz 2: UMPUT Forever)
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Walls of text need rewriting in sensible paragraphs.
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1217:Штырлиц 3: Агент СССР (Stierlitz 3: Agent of USSR)
1195:Штырлиц: Операция БЮСТ (Stierlitz: Operation BUST)
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1073:Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
974:Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
690:Diamonds for the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
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1857:"Штирлиц навсегда? (штирлиц 2 – umput forever)"
1500:Pop culture Russia!: media, arts, and lifestyle
547:An aspect of both the novel and TV versions of
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377:Semichastny wanted to erase the memory of the
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444:stock footage from the war. The mini-series
355:and other Stalinist repression had given the
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1806:""Штирлиц" - новая игра от "Qplaze - RME""
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1209:Adventure game. Sequel to Operation BUST.
658:Stierlitz movies contributed a number of
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1477:According to the first novel about him,
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370:and set out to improve the image of the
234:People's Commissariat for State Security
1832:"Stirlitz. Was there really a Stirlitz"
1703:"Штырлиц: Операция "Бюст": Прохождение"
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688:Бриллианты для диктатуры пролетариата (
1955:Literary characters introduced in 1966
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1780:"Вердикт. Штырлитц: Открытие Америки"
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1528:Media and power in post-Soviet Russia
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1255:Stierlitz appears in second mission.
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16:Russian fictional espionage character
1883:"Штырлиц 4: Матрица — Шаг до гибели"
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299:book series written in the 1960s by
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1530:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 132–134.
1266:Platform game for Mobile Phones.
1242:Platform game for Mobile Phones.
599:Finch came to be identified with
465:the SS Reich Main Security Office
1290:Hans Kloss (fictional character)
993:Life and Death of Ferdinand Lues
463:Stierlitz is assigned a role in
193:Bruno, Bolsen, Max, Massimo etc.
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535:, the Moscow correspondent of
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1945:Male characters in television
1940:Male characters in literature
1863:(in Russian). 6 December 2006
1025:Character renamed to Schultz
611:Influences in Russian culture
430:favorable public response to
295:) is the lead character in a
795:Семнадцать мгновений весны (
637:Foreign Intelligence Service
451:
243:Vladimir Vladimirov (father)
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1309:Seventeen Moments of Spring
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1165:Seventeen Moments of Spring
1140:Seventeen Moments of Spring
1129:Eighteenth Moment of Spring
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1046:Seventeen Moments of Spring
953:Seventeen Moments of Spring
944:First adaptation of books.
798:Seventeen Moments of Spring
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579:Seventeen Moments of Spring
569:Semnadtsat' mgnoveniy vesny
558:Semnadtsat' mgnoveniy vesny
549:Seventeen Moments of Spring
541:Seventeen Moments of Spring
458:Seventeen Moments of Spring
446:Seventeen Moments of Spring
436:Seventeen Moments of Spring
432:Seventeen Moments of Spring
419:Seventeen Moments of Spring
309:Seventeen Moments of Spring
43:. The specific problem is:
10:
1981:
1925:Cinema of the Soviet Union
1087:Штирлиц. Попытка к бегству
245:Olesia Prokopchuk (mother)
180:Vyacheslav Tikhonov (1984)
1526:Zassoursky, Ivan (2004).
1502:. ABC-CLIO. p. 196.
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1498:Beumers, Birgit (2005).
887:Бомба для председателя (
151:Vladimir Zamansky (1968)
149:Rodion Nakhapetov (1967)
131:, 2009 television series
1950:Male characters in film
1754:"Штырлиц 3: Агент СССР"
1566:Sakwa, Richard (2009).
1313:Studies in Intelligence
1006:A Bomb for the Chairman
889:A Bomb for the Chairman
814:The Order is to Survive
366:became chairman of the
284:Макс О́тто фон Шти́рлиц
185:In-universe information
163:Vsevolod Safonov (1976)
1568:Putin: Russia's choice
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276:Max Otto von Stierlitz
86:Max Otto von Stierlitz
1069:No Password Necessary
932:No Password Necessary
670:Novels with Stierlitz
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423:No Password Required,
320:era) and a number of
305:television adaptation
292:[ˈʂtʲirlʲɪts]
167:Vasily Antonov (2001)
1965:Fictional KGB agents
1325:Notes and references
1239:Штырлитц (Stierlitz)
859:Expansion – Part III
705:No Password Required
519:Using the real life
481:foreign intelligence
400:No Password Required
364:Vladimir Semichastny
261:Alexander Vladimirov
118:No Password Required
108:portraying Stierlitz
92:The Stierlitz novels
50:improve this article
39:to meet Knowledge's
1040:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
1033:Order is to Survive
961:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
844:Expansion – Part II
733:Испанский вариант (
605:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
485:Walter Schellenberg
384:Harold "Kim" Philby
314:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
253:Alexandra Gavrilina
215:SS-Standartenführer
165:Uldis Dumpis (1980)
154:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
106:Vyacheslav Tikhonov
80:Fictional character
1935:Fictional colonels
1861:Content-Review.com
1301:Books and articles
1151:Hitler Goes Kaput!
829:Expansion – Part I
812:Приказано выжить (
537:The New York Times
533:Harrison Salisbury
425:was serialized in
1577:978-0-415-40765-6
1537:978-0-7656-0864-2
1509:978-1-85109-459-2
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703:Пароль не нужен (
683:Years of writing
521:Operation Sunrise
336:Character origins
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1063:Daniil Strakhov
1016:Spanish Variant
906:
827:Экспансия — I (
781:Major Whirlwind
778:Майор «Вихрь» (
735:Spanish Variant
680:Years portrayed
672:
649:Anatoly Sobchak
613:
514:Leonid Bronevoy
509:Heinrich Müller
475:, infiltrating
454:
404:Yulian Semyonov
338:
301:Yulian Semyonov
287:
244:
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170:Daniil Strakhov
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140:Yulian Semyonov
125:Last appearance
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645:Vladimir Putin
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500:Yefim Kopelyan
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1810:procontent.ru
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596:Atticus Finch
593:
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588:George Smiley
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388:Richard Sorge
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379:Yezhovshchina
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1891:. Retrieved
1889:(in Russian)
1886:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1812:(in Russian)
1809:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1786:(in Russian)
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1760:(in Russian)
1758:game-walk.ru
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1733:kvestgame.ru
1732:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1709:(in Russian)
1706:
1697:
1677:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1567:
1527:
1499:
1493:
1478:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1164:
1139:
1090:Theater Play
1076:
1072:
1068:
1045:
1022:Uldis Dumpis
1005:
888:
873:
858:
843:
828:
813:
796:
779:
764:
749:
734:
719:
704:
689:
664:
660:catchphrases
657:
652:
628:
626:
622:
614:
601:Gregory Peck
590:rather than
584:
578:
573:
568:
566:
561:
557:
554:
548:
546:
540:
536:
525:Allen Dulles
518:
489:
483:) headed by
473:World War II
462:
457:
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416:
411:
399:
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371:
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307:
275:
274:
225:Secret agent
146:Portrayed by
128:
120:, 1966 novel
117:
91:
64:
58:October 2021
55:
48:Please help
44:
33:
1319:(2): 37–47.
1174:Video games
904:Adaptations
750:Alternative
633:Victory Day
392:Rudolf Abel
266:Nationality
230:Affiliation
52:if you can.
1909:Categories
1295:James Bond
1163:Parody of
1138:Parody of
1077:Tenderness
1036:Radio Play
996:Miniseries
957:Miniseries
872:Отчаяние (
765:Third Card
720:Tenderness
718:Нежность (
592:James Bond
529:Karl Wolff
504:motherland
496:voice-over
492:James Bond
477:Ausland-SD
402:(1966) by
330:James Bond
312:(starring
303:, and the
222:Occupation
136:Created by
1915:Stierlitz
1661:Jens 2017
1649:Jens 2017
1637:Jens 2017
1612:Jens 2017
1466:Jens 2017
1454:Jens 2017
1442:Jens 2017
1409:Jens 2017
1386:Jens 2017
1371:Jens 2017
1356:Jens 2017
1341:Jens 2017
1059:TV series
879:1947-1953
787:1944—1945
710:1921—1922
452:Character
217:(Germany)
210:Polkovnik
177:Voiced by
94:character
1707:StopGame
1483:for the
1481:Diamonds
1284:See also
1102:Parodies
653:Chekisty
567:Through
412:Chekisty
396:Chekisty
372:Chekisty
358:Chekisty
326:prequels
258:Children
34:require
874:Despair
471:during
322:sequels
297:Russian
280:Russian
36:cleanup
1893:25 May
1867:25 May
1841:25 May
1816:25 May
1790:25 May
1764:25 May
1738:25 May
1713:25 May
1691:p. 321
1685:
1574:
1534:
1506:
469:Berlin
427:Pravda
343:SMERSH
318:Soviet
269:Soviet
250:Spouse
240:Family
212:(USSR)
198:Gender
172:(2009)
161:(1975)
156:(1973)
1187:Note
1121:Note
1118:Actor
1056:Isaev
923:Note
920:Actor
897:1970
882:1990
867:1987
852:1987
837:1984
822:1982
807:1969
790:1968
773:1973
758:1978
743:1973
728:1975
713:1966
698:1974
206:Title
190:Alias
129:Isaev
1895:2021
1869:2021
1843:2021
1818:2021
1792:2021
1766:2021
1740:2021
1715:2021
1683:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1271:2009
1260:2006
1247:2006
1236:2005
1225:2005
1214:2002
1203:2000
1192:1999
1184:Game
1181:Year
1155:Film
1147:2008
1132:Film
1126:2001
1115:Type
1112:Work
1109:Year
1084:2014
1075:and
1053:2009
1030:1983
1019:Film
1013:1980
990:1976
978:Film
970:1975
949:1973
936:Film
928:1967
917:Type
914:Work
911:Year
894:1967
864:1947
849:1946
834:1946
819:1945
804:1945
770:1941
755:1941
740:1938
725:1927
695:1921
677:Work
324:and
288:IPA:
201:Male
1311:".
641:KGB
498:by
467:in
456:In
374:.
368:KGB
1911::
1885:.
1859:.
1834:.
1808:.
1782:.
1756:.
1731:.
1705:.
1689:,
1619:^
1586:^
1558:^
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1518:^
1416:^
1393:^
1378:^
1363:^
1348:^
1333:^
1317:61
1315:.
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282::
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479:(
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278:(
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56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
