2890:
resistance, forced his hand. In the event, the Vichy government ordered its soldiers to resist the invasion and its troops offered stiff resistance to the advancing
British Empire forces. The Vichy government also conducted an effective propaganda campaign within France, encouraging the people to fight the "hereditary enemy" (Britain) and equating the defence of Syria as a matter of national honour. As a result of the unexpected resistance British forces quickly required reinforcements, which could only be provided piecemeal. Many of the British and Commonwealth troops were novices and the hot, dry, mountainous terrain was a severe test, in which Indian Army units excelled. The Australian contingent had to cope with the worst country but conducted the most effective attack, "with a good plan carried through with great determination". The achievement of air superiority was delayed by the lack of aircraft but the urgency of the situation made it impossible for the naval and ground forces to wait. Vichy French airmen concentrated their attacks on ships and ground targets, which were highly effective until they were forced to move north. The scare caused by the German success in Crete had been exaggerated because the German parachute and glider invasions of The Netherlands and Crete had been very costly and there was little chance of the Germans gaining a bridgehead in Syria. The Germans withdrew from Syria to preserve their forces and to deprive the British of a pretext for invasion. The British invaded Syria anyway and gained naval and air bases far north of Suez, thus increasing the security of the oil route from
342:
461:
238:
471:
252:
2653:
5433:
2411:
1949:
277:
5718:
330:
3018:
391:
212:
319:
5879:
371:
200:
54:
224:
9954:
421:
308:
297:
381:
161:
149:
122:
401:
136:
2780:
478:
264:
2573:
411:
188:
174:
2164:. In September 1936, the French had ceded autonomy to Syria but it retained rights to maintain some armed forces and two airfields in the territory. The British were concerned about potential attacks by Nazi Germany from Syria and Lebanon, or that the Germans might gain access to airfields there. An additional concern related to the possibility of German troops on the
2531:(10th Indian Division) and two from the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade (8th Indian Infantry Division) would operate independently to capture all the territory in north-eastern Syria. The 20th Indian Infantry Brigade were to make a feint from Mosul, and the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade would advance into the
2889:
Wavell had not wanted the Syrian distraction, given that
British forces in the Mediterranean were already overstretched. However, political factors, including pressure from Churchill and CIGS in addition to guarantees by the Free French that any operation into Syria and Lebanon would meet with little
2697:
RAF, which were being escorted by seven
Tomahawks from 3 Squadron RAAF. The French pilots claimed three Blenheims but at least four D.520s were destroyed by the Australians. The following day, a Dewoitine pilot shot down a Tomahawk from 3 Squadron, the only one lost during the campaign. By the end of
2168:
linking up with Vichy forces if
Germany defeated the Soviet Union, by advancing south through the Caucasus. Both contingencies were unlikely, but would have exposed Allied forces in Egypt to a northern front at a time when all available resources were needed to halt Axis advances from the west. On 1
1908:
Under the Paris
Protocols, an agreement was also made for the French to launch an offensive against the British-held Iraqi oilfields, a proposal put forward by Darlan. As well as the use of Syrian airfields, the Germans also requested permission from the Vichy authorities to use Syrian railways to
3063:
By 1945, however, continued French presence in the Levant saw nationalist demonstrations which the French attempted to quell. With heavy Syrian casualties, notably in
Damascus, Churchill opposed French action but after being rebuffed by Charles De Gaulle, he ordered British forces into Syria from
3046:
and made the Syrian campaign take longer than necessary. Churchill had decided to sack Wavell in early May over his reluctance to divert forces to Iraq. Wavell was relieved on 22 June and relinquished command on 5 July, leaving for India two days afterwards. In late July 1941, De Gaulle flew from
3055:
was placed in control of Syria and
Lebanon and on 26 November, shortly after assuming this post, Catroux recognized the independence of Syria and Lebanon in the name of the Free French movement. After elections on 8 November 1943, Lebanon became an independent state on 22 November 1943 and on 27
2960:
and a "gleaner" ship, from 7 August to 27 September. Prisoners taken by the Vichy French forces were returned but several
British prisoners of war had been sent out of Syria, some after the armistice. The delay in obtaining the return of these prisoners led to the detention of Dentz and
1904:
during the Anglo-Iraqi War. Darlan, a confirmed
Anglophobe, allowed the German and Italian aircraft to use Syrian airfields partly because of attacks on Vichy French ships by the British. He calculated that, since July 1940, 167 French ships had been seized by British forces.
2069:
transport taking off, with more German and
Italian aircraft seen later that day. An attack on the airfield was authorised later that evening. Attacks against German and Italian aircraft staging through Syria continued, and the British claimed six
3068:, British armored cars and troops reached Damascus, following which the French were escorted and confined to their barracks. With political pressure added, De Gaulle ordered a ceasefire and France withdrew from Syria the following year.
2837:
fought a brief engagement with two British cruisers and six destroyers off the Syrian coast, before the French destroyer retired under the cover of darkness. The French suffered further losses on 25 June, when the British submarine
2117:
was interpreted by the British as support for Vichy troops, but although Dentz briefly considered accepting German assistance, he rejected the offer on 13 June. By the end of the Anglo-Iraqi War, all 14 of the original German
10070:
2523:. The manoeuvre was intended to threaten the communication and supply lines of Vichy forces defending Beirut from the Australians advancing from the south, particularly the railway line running northwards through Aleppo to
1913:. In return for Darlan's enthusiastic pro-Axis gestures, the Germans released 7,000 French prisoners of war, many of whom were professional officers and non-commissioned officers. Despite government prodding, General
2441:. This was anticipated to open the way for the 1st Free French Division to advance to Damascus. Four days after the commencement of the operation, the force was brought under unified command and was named
2863:
On 10 July, as the Australian 21st Brigade was on the verge of entering Beirut, Dentz sought an armistice. At one minute past midnight on 12 July, a ceasefire came into effect and ended the campaign. The
1527:
997:
4380:
Baudru, Remi (October 1993). "Quand l'Armée de l'air partit en Syrie, combattre la RAF: ce que recontent les photos" [When the French Air Force Fought the RAF in Syria: What the Photos Say].
1494:
2559:
and the Transjordan border. As the thrust up the Euphrates took place, Habforce would meanwhile advance north-westerly to take Palmyra, Syria, and secure the oil pipeline from Haditha to Tripoli.
4622:
10015:
1983:
2722:
fired on the advancing Australians at the Litani River before being driven off by shore-based artillery-fire. The French destroyers then exchanged fire with the British destroyer
2670:) enjoyed did not last long. The Vichy French lost most of their aircraft destroyed on the ground where the flat terrain, the absence of infrastructure and the absence of modern
1520:
990:
1562:
2492:
by advancing along a route further inland from the 21st Brigade. The operation was also to include a supporting commando landing from Cyprus at the south of the Litani River.
1986:
and eleven infantry battalions of "special troops", including at least 5,000 cavalry in horsed and motorized units, two artillery groups and supporting units. The Army had
10000:
4615:
1842:
magazine referred to the Syria-Lebanon campaign as a "mixed show", and the campaign to this day remains relatively unknown, even in the countries that participated in it.
8518:
1597:
8263:
7864:
1513:
983:
9876:
7880:
6357:
6352:
6205:
1582:
1777:
had allowed German aircraft to use Vichy airfields in Syria for attacks against the British in Iraq. The British invaded Syria and Lebanon in June, to prevent the
8207:
3042:
Operations against the Vichy regime in Syria could only be conducted with troops withdrawn from the Western Desert, a dispersal that contributed to the defeat of
7803:
7775:
6919:
6246:
4631:
4608:
1875:
1146:
6312:
10020:
9855:
8527:
8214:
7341:
6454:
1602:
1076:
8830:
8193:
7495:
7120:
6659:
6421:
2833:. The following day, British bombers attacked another French destroyer in the port of Beirut which was also carrying ammunition. On the night of 22/23 June,
1974:(special troops, indigenous Syrian and Lebanese soldiers). There were seven infantry battalions of regular French troops at his disposal, which included the
1007:
787:
41:
7836:
7782:
6968:
6362:
2698:
the campaign, the Vichy forces had lost 179 aircraft from about 289 committed to the Levant, with remaining aircraft with the range to do so evacuating to
8300:
7789:
7405:
1773:(2–31 May 1941) led to the overthrow of the Ali regime and the installation of a pro-British government. During this conflict, key Vichy figure Admiral
1711:
1101:
6815:
6307:
1619:
589:
1862:, an agreement with the Germans which granted Germany access to military facilities in Vichy-controlled Syria. The protocols remained unratified, but
10050:
8186:
7626:
7502:
5362:
1248:
1041:
7479:
6859:
5684:
4426:
Shores, Christopher F.; Ehrengardt, Christian-Jacques (July 1970). "Syrian Campaign, 1941: Forestalling the Germans: Air Battles Over S. Lebanon".
4447:
Shores, Christopher F.; Ehrengardt, Christian-Jacques (August 1970). "Syrian Campaign, 1941: Breaking the Back of Vichy Air Strength Conclusion".
2855:, which was carrying the entire fuel supply for the French forces in the Middle East, was attacked by British torpedo aircraft and badly damaged.
7916:
7228:
1925:, was reluctant to intervene in Syria, because of the situation in the Western Desert, the imminent German attack on Crete and doubts about the
1828:, the French sought an armistice. At one minute past midnight on 12 July, a ceasefire came into effect and ended the campaign. The Armistice of
7735:
7037:
6638:
5706:
9748:
4585:
2074:
aircraft destroyed by 8 June. Vichy French forces shot down a Blenheim on 28 May, killing the crew, and forced down another on 2 June. French
1716:
1470:
959:
8534:
8497:
8474:
7988:
6910:
6880:
6577:
5990:
3122:
8249:
2418:
The British plan of attack devised by Wilson called for four lines of invasion, in Damascus and Beirut, in Palestine, in northern Syria and
9995:
8627:
8483:
8467:
8439:
7680:
6887:
2555:
and the Arab Legion Mechanized Regiment supported by field, anti-tank and anti-aircraft artillery units, to gather in western Iraq between
9391:
8451:
8363:
8307:
8270:
7545:
5776:
5329:
3117:
1139:
10030:
8356:
7081:
741:
669:
17:
10025:
9869:
8490:
6873:
6831:
2218:) with artillery, engineers and other support services attached to form the 5th Indian Brigade Group. In northern and central Syria,
2965:
officers in Palestine who were released when the British prisoners were returned to Syria. British and Commonwealth casualties were
2527:, which was thought by some British strategists to be sympathetic to Vichy and Germany. A group of two infantry battalions from the
9718:
7523:
7297:
7060:
6926:
6737:
5835:
5432:
1943:
1739:
780:
753:
8606:
8403:
8055:
7433:
6933:
6845:
6781:
5980:
3132:
1660:
883:
8809:
8321:
7164:
6702:
5970:
3112:
3097:
2820:
2359:
2351:
1132:
582:
1344:
9412:
9317:
8837:
8583:
8458:
7537:
7511:
7368:
7074:
6991:
6603:
5355:
4322:
4303:
4284:
4254:
4229:
4210:
4191:
4169:
4150:
4131:
4067:
4041:
4022:
4003:
3958:
3935:
3916:
1577:
1241:
893:
736:
10005:
9645:
9045:
8931:
8096:
7556:
7552:
7530:
7134:
6055:
5549:
2714:, rough seas kept commandos from landing along the coast on the first day of battle. On 9 June 1941, the French destroyers
2355:
2292:
2245:
1814:
1629:
1482:
1031:
802:
773:
10060:
9560:
9017:
8349:
8335:
7541:
4909:
939:
6103:
4372:
Anderson, Betty S., and Götz Nordbruch. "Nazism in Syria and Lebanon: The Ambivalence of the German Option, 1933–1945."
10045:
10010:
9769:
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9087:
8802:
8753:
8511:
8066:
7311:
7150:
6998:
6852:
6557:
5699:
5049:
1836:) was signed on 14 July at the Sidney Smith Barracks on the outskirts of the city. While the surrender was being held,
1051:
900:
9885:
8760:
8732:
8549:
8131:
7843:
7810:
5985:
5371:
4916:
4341:
2865:
2846:
2710:
The war at sea was not a major part of Operation Exporter, although some significant actions were fought. During the
1914:
1021:
814:
575:
7026:
6590:
5753:
5748:
5714:
10040:
9922:
9073:
9010:
8145:
7974:
7097:
5937:
5348:
4860:
4663:
2207:
1699:
1234:
611:
228:
7651:
5743:
949:
9446:
9287:
9276:
9105:
8864:
8823:
8716:
8654:
8034:
7304:
7173:
7141:
6547:
5811:
5738:
5659:
1091:
1056:
924:
861:
710:
693:
7821:
7389:
944:
9832:
9804:
9682:
9475:
8705:
8156:
8082:
7871:
7242:
6961:
6866:
6751:
6503:
6409:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5385:
5187:
2366:. In mid-June, the division with its two infantry brigades came into the line as reinforcements, mainly on the
873:
9892:
9825:
9776:
9707:
9532:
9031:
8982:
8746:
8739:
8342:
8103:
7887:
6940:
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5825:
5806:
5692:
5543:
5264:
4205:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II. Naval & Military Press.
2652:
2229:
2114:
1975:
1081:
1046:
837:
819:
2776:. That evening, French aircraft of the 4th Naval Air Group bombed British naval units off the Syrian coast.
9966:
9862:
9237:
9191:
8110:
7938:
7923:
7850:
7829:
7647:
7325:
7111:
7104:
7088:
6799:
6758:
6730:
6654:
6649:
5309:
5056:
4572:
2628:
2528:
2237:
2233:
2215:
2165:
1867:
1205:
905:
705:
654:
6620:
2374:
on 19 June. At the beginning of Operation Exporter, the British and Commonwealth force consisted of about
2171:
1758:
934:
9929:
9253:
9198:
8816:
8788:
8641:
8256:
8235:
7749:
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7318:
6808:
6508:
6399:
5819:
4397:
Bou-Nacklie, N. E. (1994). "The 1941 Invasion of Syria and Lebanon: The Role of the Local Paramilitary".
3773:
3219:
2211:
1036:
888:
866:
809:
4548:"Claude Auchinleck's Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From 5th July, 1941 to 31st October 1941"
2033:
10055:
9727:
9216:
9135:
9080:
8968:
8574:
8200:
8124:
8019:
7896:
7768:
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7694:
7426:
7359:
6954:
6765:
6695:
6210:
5942:
5511:
5462:
4827:
2711:
2586:
2280:
2261:
1505:
1434:
1170:
1061:
698:
676:
3107:
2029:
1557:
929:
491:
9629:
9546:
9331:
9184:
9156:
8989:
8894:
8684:
8117:
7184:
6838:
5975:
5868:
5537:
5035:
2610:
2145:
1782:
1592:
1446:
1337:
1195:
1113:
1086:
715:
681:
256:
7382:
10065:
9368:
9345:
8590:
8391:
8384:
8041:
7701:
7673:
7666:
7053:
6669:
6444:
5841:
5643:
5608:
4085:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1, Army. Vol. II (1st online ed.). Canberra:
2792:
2622:
2592:
2485:
2469:
2363:
2203:
1821:
1429:
1200:
1190:
731:
7398:
7375:
4352:
3889:
10035:
9790:
9734:
9604:
9464:
9142:
8795:
8691:
8597:
8165:
8026:
7996:
7960:
7945:
7817:
7709:
7687:
7633:
7619:
7601:
7265:
7046:
6774:
6723:
6552:
6332:
6225:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5771:
5669:
5499:
5133:
4600:
4521:"Despatch on Operations in Iraq, East Syria, and Iran From 10th April, 1941 to 12th January 1942"
4240:
4086:
4059:
3986:
2796:
2640:
2410:
2191:
2157:
2075:
1802:
1405:
1349:
1215:
768:
627:
4520:
4179:
2186:
British forces to the south of Syria in Mandate Palestine were under the command of General Sir
649:
9482:
9375:
9170:
9121:
9024:
8917:
8887:
8670:
8558:
8284:
8075:
7659:
7640:
7610:
7157:
7127:
6644:
6608:
6378:
6215:
6159:
5965:
5830:
5786:
5479:
5447:
5417:
4853:
4346:
Despatch on Operations in Iraq, East Syria and Iran from 10th April, 1941 to 12th January, 1942
3127:
2730:
2598:
2544:
2336:
2296:
2039:
2007:
1684:
1388:
1364:
1175:
1026:
878:
797:
192:
2551:
during the Anglo-Iraqi War. Habforce consisted of the 4th Cavalry Brigade, the 1st Battalion,
9973:
9696:
9539:
9435:
9405:
9361:
9230:
9094:
9059:
9052:
8975:
8873:
8314:
8291:
8138:
7742:
7279:
7019:
7005:
6688:
6583:
6567:
5733:
5290:
5070:
4712:
2671:
2288:
2187:
2176:
1979:
1948:
1766:
954:
312:
7577:
6241:
6127:
4498:
2499:, was planned to invade Syria. The bulk of the 10th Indian Infantry Division (Major-General
1892:
1679:
1354:
53:
9797:
9652:
9303:
9260:
9223:
9149:
8959:
8938:
7857:
7334:
7012:
6518:
6298:
6277:
6272:
6000:
5922:
5722:
5618:
5236:
5201:
5042:
4993:
4656:
4642:
3084:
2869:
2616:
2324:
2320:
2119:
1641:
1303:
1185:
910:
6084:
4547:
4478:
To End a Mandate: Sir E. L. Spears and the Anglo-French Collision in the Levant, 1941–1945
2604:
2090:
on 6 June. While German interest in the French mandates of Syria and Lebanon was limited,
2045:
1667:
1458:
1180:
8:
9915:
9689:
9567:
9523:
9038:
8172:
7931:
7458:
7288:
7272:
7221:
6572:
6542:
6416:
6342:
6337:
6322:
6317:
6267:
6185:
5628:
5593:
5494:
5474:
5276:
5250:
5208:
5161:
5147:
5084:
5077:
4923:
4832:
4796:
4782:
4719:
4649:
3078:
3043:
3017:
2830:
2788:
2694:
2461:
2457:
2430:
2344:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2144:
The British-led invasion of Syria and Lebanon aimed at preventing Germany from using the
2135:
2087:
1922:
1806:
1694:
1410:
1376:
1096:
964:
844:
166:
6220:
975:
9908:
9741:
9666:
9620:
9590:
9498:
9338:
8996:
8880:
8774:
8725:
8663:
8419:
8370:
8179:
7796:
7451:
7249:
6625:
6195:
6180:
6175:
6143:
5912:
5504:
5484:
5457:
5400:
5283:
5154:
5119:
5063:
5028:
4986:
4979:
4965:
4951:
4895:
4867:
4846:
4839:
4820:
4808:
4733:
4677:
4357:
3894:
2839:
2552:
2495:
Once the two southern prongs were well engaged, a third force of formations drawn from
2449:
2371:
2111:
1967:
1918:
1607:
1422:
1369:
617:
334:
6347:
2175:, Iraq, on the eastern border of Syria, came under the control of nationalists led by
1851:
1774:
9899:
9783:
9673:
9613:
9574:
9507:
9489:
9455:
9398:
9352:
9296:
9114:
8852:
8844:
8781:
8634:
8228:
7753:
7214:
7193:
6903:
6614:
6388:
6383:
6327:
6122:
6079:
5927:
5907:
5897:
5863:
5781:
5664:
5598:
5489:
5452:
5407:
5395:
5324:
5304:
5297:
5269:
5257:
5243:
5140:
5091:
5014:
5007:
4972:
4944:
4874:
4813:
4775:
4726:
4705:
4698:
4670:
4595:
4486:
4456:
4435:
4414:
4385:
4318:
4299:
4280:
4250:
4225:
4206:
4187:
4165:
4146:
4127:
4110:
4102:
4090:
4063:
4037:
4018:
3999:
3954:
3931:
3912:
3878:
3031:
2328:
1886:
1863:
1689:
1463:
1417:
1398:
1393:
1320:
1106:
849:
688:
664:
4203:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of their Ally (1941)
2535:(Duck's Bill) region, through which a railway from Aleppo ran eastward to Mosul and
2391:. The RAF and RAAF had about 50 aircraft, and the navy contributed the landing ship
9818:
9811:
9755:
9419:
9177:
9163:
9066:
9003:
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8567:
8377:
8328:
8242:
7465:
7442:
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6497:
6473:
6439:
6393:
6287:
6282:
5947:
5932:
5623:
5613:
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5215:
5180:
5173:
5126:
5112:
5000:
4888:
4789:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4684:
4406:
4315:
Vichy Air Force at War: The French Air Force that Fought the Allies in World War II
3908:
3685:
A Line in the Sand: Britain and France and the Struggle that Shaped the Middle East
3137:
3027:
2757:
2658:
2634:
2423:
2340:
2312:
2153:
2102:
to Syria to fly over Axis-controlled territory and refuel at the German-controlled
2062:
2058:
1794:
1790:
1383:
1332:
1298:
1210:
659:
637:
301:
59:
6984:
5878:
4078:
3883:
Despatch on Operations in the Middle East From 5th July, 1941 to 31st October 1941
2787:, September 1941. With terrain typical of the region in the background, Maj. Gen.
9841:
9553:
9468:
9426:
9324:
9267:
9128:
8910:
8901:
8430:
8005:
7981:
7235:
6251:
6190:
6074:
6020:
5422:
5390:
5229:
5222:
5194:
4958:
4937:
4930:
4902:
4881:
4691:
4577:
3812:
3778:
3057:
3052:
3035:
3023:
2952:
to the Free French. The armistice agreement led to the repatriation to France of
2723:
2683:
2504:
2195:
2180:
2149:
2139:
2083:
2054:
1954:
1901:
1859:
1838:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1770:
1762:
1646:
1587:
1572:
1567:
1313:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1066:
827:
748:
268:
153:
9953:
2763:), attacked British warships forces off the Syrian coast and hit the destroyers
9848:
9384:
9310:
7348:
7207:
6465:
6200:
6114:
6095:
6066:
6031:
6012:
5583:
5021:
4529:
4476:
4273:
L' aviation de Vichy au combat 2 La campagne de Syrie, 8 juin – 14 juillet 1941
4201:
Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
2771:
2273:
2123:
1747:
763:
758:
307:
296:
223:
127:
10071:
Campaigns, operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
6513:
6293:
4410:
9989:
9659:
7570:
7419:
7258:
6449:
5638:
5603:
5573:
5521:
5469:
5412:
5105:
4418:
4389:
4015:
The Silent 7th: An Illustrated History of the 7th Australian Division 1940–46
3065:
2957:
2749:
2734:
2548:
2489:
2473:
2453:
2446:
2332:
2225:
2079:
2066:
1441:
1359:
1308:
323:
4566:
4490:
4460:
4439:
2126:
and a large number of transport aircraft had been destroyed by the British.
567:
9958:
9762:
8048:
7953:
7584:
6947:
6711:
6479:
6404:
5917:
5633:
5578:
4114:
4094:
3953:]. trans. W. Land (2nd English trans. ed.). London: I. B. Tauris.
2811:
2779:
2500:
2477:
2392:
2161:
2091:
1855:
1833:
1751:
1743:
1542:
1538:
600:
432:
341:
282:
243:
45:
5340:
9597:
9583:
9245:
7907:
7728:
7713:
7067:
6664:
6597:
5902:
5717:
5098:
4803:
4051:
3048:
2512:
2249:
2094:
permitted reinforcement of the French troops by allowing French aircraft
2071:
2025:
1926:
1871:
1820:
The French conducted a vigorous defence of Syria but, on 10 July, as the
1793:, during an invasion scare in the aftermath of the Axis victories in the
1778:
1258:
1124:
724:
642:
346:
329:
217:
141:
2582:
Hostilities commenced on 8 June 1941. The battles of the campaign were:
1535:
1226:
8945:
8698:
8677:
7563:
6896:
6824:
2619:(19–24 June): part of the advance on Beirut and Damascus from Palestine
2572:
2300:
2284:
2283:(RAAF). Ground forces on the coast were supported by bombardments from
2253:
1653:
632:
622:
2868:(also known as the "Convention of Acre") was signed on 14 July at the
2810:
for several months, following the end of the campaign. (Photographer:
2228:) was used in the campaign to attack from the east, consisting of the
9208:
8613:
8410:
8221:
8012:
7967:
2631:(3 July): part of the advance on central and northern Syria from Iraq
2427:
2220:
2183:(2–31 May 1941) led to the installation of a pro-British government.
1880:
554:
318:
205:
7488:
3996:
Australia's War with France: The Campaign in Syria and Lebanon, 1941
2748:
attempted to come to the aid of the French naval forces on 15 June.
2426:(in northern Lebanon) also from Iraq. The 5th Indian Brigade Group (
2194:(minus the 18th Brigade, which was in North Africa, besieged at the
7472:
7200:
4270:
3982:
2949:
2800:
2764:
2434:
2367:
2257:
2241:
2103:
4630:
2370:
front, and the southern force was placed under the command of the
1890:
to refuel in Syria. Marked as Iraqi aircraft, Axis aircraft under
4333:
Syria and Lebanon 1941: The Allied Fight Against the Vichy French
3102:
2803:
2784:
2536:
2508:
2433:) was ordered to cross the Syrian border from Palestine and take
2419:
2399:
2269:
2099:
437:
178:
8089:
6680:
2826:
2819:
On 16 June, British torpedo aircraft sank the French destroyer
2699:
2675:
2556:
2524:
2520:
2265:
2107:
1825:
4271:
Shores, Christopher F.; Ehrengardt, Christian-Jacques (1987).
2945:
most destroyed on the ground, the navy lost one submarine and
2851:
off the Lebanese coast; shortly afterwards, the French tanker
2744:
along with six British destroyers and the French retired. The
2625:(1 July): part of the advance on Palmyra and Tripoli from Iraq
8277:
4494:
3947:
Invasion Syria, 1941: Churchill and De Gaulle's Forgotten War
3754:
2956:
and civilian personnel in eight convoys, consisting of three
2891:
2807:
2693:
On 10 July, five D.520s attacked Bristol Blenheim bombers of
2516:
2481:
2465:
2438:
1910:
4222:
Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship
2613:(18–21 June): part of the advance on Damascus from Palestine
2607:(15–17 June): part of the advance on Damascus from Palestine
4573:"World War: MIDDLE EASTERN THEATER: The Syrian Show Begins"
4296:
England's Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy 1940–1942
4246:
3951:
Syrie 1941: la guerre occultée: Vichystes contre gaullistes
2873:
2679:
2279:
Air support was provided by squadrons from the RAF and the
1817:(10 June 1940 – 27 November 1941) in Ethiopia and Eritrea.
10016:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Australia
2922:
had been taken prisoner. After the war, Dentz stated that
2601:(13–15 June): part of the advance on Beirut from Palestine
2110:. The activity of German aircraft based in Greece and the
1005:
3851:
3830:
3687:(1st ed.). London: Simon and Schuster. p. 218.
3528:
3344:
2637:(5–9 July): part of the advance on Beirut from Palestine
2082:
aircraft into Iraq on 28 May. The RAF shot down a Vichy
1805:(1940–1943) in North Africa, the British were preparing
1765:
had come under the control of Iraqi nationalists led by
4298:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
4277:
Vichy Air Combat: Syria Campaign, 8 June – 14 July 1941
3563:
3561:
3420:
3396:
3233:
3064:
Jordan with orders to fire on the French. Known as the
2666:
The initial advantage that the Vichy French Air Force (
2643:(12 July): part of the advance on Beirut from Palestine
2595:(13 June): part of the advance on Beirut from Palestine
7342:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
4317:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. pp. 53–67.
3432:
2589:(9 June): part of the advance on Beirut from Palestine
2464:) advanced from Palestine along the coastal road from
1970:), which had regular metropolitan colonial troops and
3969:
The Anglo–French Clash in Lebanon and Syria, 1940–45
3558:
3471:
3408:
2179:, who was willing to appeal for German support. The
10001:
World War II campaigns of the Mediterranean Theatre
4279:] (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Lavauzelle.
4036:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press.
3642:
3640:
3638:
3632:
Shores & Ehrengardt (August 1970), pp. 283–284.
3332:
2991:taken prisoner; British and Indian casualties were
2674:made them vulnerable to air attacks. On 26 June, a
2472:was to take Beirut, advancing along the coast from
2295:. At the beginning, Air Commodore L. O. Brown, the
1769:, who appealed for Italian and German support. The
4107:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943, Defence
4017:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
3981:. Australia in the War of 1939-1945. Vol. 3.
4361:(Supplement). 13 August 1946. pp. 4093–4102.
4312:
3898:(Supplement). 20 August 1946. pp. 4215–4230.
3051:to congratulate the victors. Free French General
2543:because it had struck across the desert from the
2210:attached to the 1st Free French Brigade) and the
2061:bomber crew flying a reconnaissance mission over
9987:
4567:Australian War Memorial, 2005, "Syrian Campaign"
4446:
4425:
3998:. Newport, New South Wales: Big Sky Publishing.
3635:
2488:was to attack the large Vichy French airbase at
536:British and Indian: 1,800, 1,200 POW, 3,150 sick
4054:(2005). Dear, I. C. B.; Foot, M. R. D. (eds.).
3289:
3287:
3056:February 1945, declared war on Germany and the
4632:British Commando raids of the Second World War
4552:Supplement to the London Gazette, Number 37695
3905:A Bastard of a Place: The Australians in Papua
3610:
3608:
3606:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3155:
3153:
10021:Military history of India during World War II
6696:
5700:
5356:
4616:
4178:
4034:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945
3930:. Men-At-Arms. Vol. II. Oxford: Osprey.
3123:Italian bombings on Palestine in World War II
3022:Allied leaders meet in Syria. Left to right:
2452:. The 7th Australian Division (Major-General
2152:, controlled by Vichy France, for attacks on
1521:
1242:
1140:
991:
597:
583:
4374:International Journal of Middle East Studies
4242:Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight At Odds
4109:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
3284:
3220:"Today in World War II History—May 28, 1941"
5370:
5330:List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall
4396:
3603:
3587:
3585:
3198:
3159:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), pp. 53–67.
3150:
3118:Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936)
2902:In August, the Vichy authorities announced
104:Syria and Lebanon taken over by Free France
6703:
6689:
5707:
5693:
5363:
5349:
4623:
4609:
3877:
3250:
3248:
2894:to Baghdad in Iraq to Haifa in Palestine.
2327:with a flight of Hurricanes and X Flight (
2260:and raiding operations were undertaken by
1528:
1514:
1249:
1235:
1154:
1147:
1133:
998:
984:
590:
576:
4101:
3976:
3944:
2941:of all natures. The Vichy Air Force lost
2872:Barracks on the outskirts of the city of
2405:
2356:Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion–East
1256:
58:Australian troops among the ruins of the
10051:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
4351:
4313:Sutherland, Jon; Canwell, Diane (2011).
4238:
4200:
4012:
3925:
3888:
3582:
3438:
3426:
3402:
3016:
2845:torpedoed and sank the French submarine
2778:
2678:run by Tomahawks of 3 Squadron RAAF, on
2651:
2571:
2511:in Iraq (upstream from Baghdad), toward
2409:
2347:(Blenheims) in Iraq were to co-operate.
1947:
1944:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
1909:send armaments to Iraqi nationalists in
1717:Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina
5981:French Committee of National Liberation
4474:
4245:. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). London:
3362:Playfair (2004), pp. 204, 206–209, 216.
3329:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), p. 44.
3293:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), p. 43.
3245:
3209:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), p. 35.
3177:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), p. 34.
3168:Sutherland & Canwell (2011), p. 91.
3133:List of French possessions and colonies
2350:British forces in reserve included the
1661:Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon
14:
9988:
8557:
8535:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
5971:French Civil and Military High Command
4379:
4340:
4121:
4050:
4031:
3774:"Foreign News: Reconquering An Empire"
3600:Shores & Ehrengardt (1987), p. 94.
3414:
3311:Shores & Ehrengardt (1987), p. 30.
3098:Syria-Lebanon Campaign order of battle
2422:, in central Syria, from Iraq, and in
2006:(according to British estimates), the
2002:and Lebanese infantry. The French had
27:1941 British offensive in World War II
9413:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
8838:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
8484:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
8440:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
7538:Rape during the occupation of Germany
6684:
5688:
5344:
4604:
4293:
4219:
4140:
3993:
3902:
3857:
3836:
3760:
3567:
3534:
3477:
3350:
3338:
3239:
2202:with two Free French brigades of the
2129:
1578:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
1509:
1230:
1128:
1009:Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre
979:
571:
42:Mediterranean and Middle East theatre
8528:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
7553:Rape during the liberation of France
6056:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5550:Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence
4186:. London/New York: Blandford Press.
4159:
4076:
3817:. Time Incorporated. pp. 25–26.
3810:
3804:
3682:
3302:Shores & Ehrengardt (July 1970).
3012:
2503:) was to advance north-west, up the
1962:Dentz was Commander in Chief of the
1630:Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
9996:Middle East theatre of World War II
4224:(1st ed.). London: Brassey's.
3516:Playfair (2004), pp. 208, 211, 219.
2829:to Syria, carrying ammunition from
2539:. Habforce was in Iraq attached to
2460:on 18 June when Lavarack took over
2160:(1940–1943) against Axis forces in
24:
8754:German invasion of the Netherlands
7027:Weather events during World War II
5877:
4468:
3928:British Battle Insignia: 1939–1940
3673:Playfair (2004), pp. 221, 335–337.
3186:Playfair (2004), pp. 221, 335–337.
3113:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2926:had been killed, which would mean
1878:, to allow aircraft of the German
25:
10082:
10031:World War II occupied territories
9392:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
5986:Provisional Consultative Assembly
4513:
4475:Gaunson, Alexander Bruce (1981).
3979:Air War Against Germany and Italy
3071:
2647:
2276:squads from Mandatory Palestine.
2206:(including two battalions of the
10026:Military battles of Vichy France
9952:
6710:
5716:
5431:
4143:The Armed Forces of World War II
4056:Oxford Companion to World War II
3382:The Making of Israeli Militarism
2547:border as part of the relief of
2325:208 (Army Co-operation) Squadron
2301:HQ RAF Palestine and Transjordan
2208:13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade
2122:aircraft sent to Syria and five
1876:High Commissioner for the Levant
1700:Battles of Khai Phat and Na Ngan
476:
469:
459:
419:
409:
399:
389:
379:
369:
340:
328:
317:
306:
295:
275:
262:
250:
236:
222:
210:
198:
186:
172:
159:
147:
134:
120:
52:
4592:magazine article, July 28, 1941
3842:
3821:
3795:
3786:
3766:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3676:
3667:
3658:
3649:
3626:
3617:
3594:
3573:
3549:
3540:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3387:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3275:
3266:
3257:
2980:The Free French incurred about
2825:, which had been en route from
2577:Main axes of invasion from Iraq
2343:torpedo bombers) in Cyprus and
1984:24th Colonial Infantry Regiment
9639:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
7335:Territorial changes of Germany
7243:Indonesian National Revolution
4335:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2022).
4124:World War II The Book of Lists
3715:Playfair (2004), pp. 214, 221.
3468:Playfair (2004), pp. 203, 206.
3272:Long (1953), pp. 333–334, 363.
3263:Playfair (2004), pp. 200, 206.
3212:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
2866:Armistice of Saint Jean d'Acre
2567:
2414:Indian troops outside Damascus
2078:fighters also escorted German
2065:, in central Syria, spotted a
1937:
76:(1 month and 6 days)
13:
1:
9032:Japanese invasion of Thailand
8983:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
8747:German invasion of Luxembourg
7121:Mediterranean and Middle East
6660:Mediterranean and Middle East
6563:End of World War II in Europe
5826:French Forces of the Interior
4126:. Stroud: The History Press.
3811:Luce, Henry Robinson (1945).
3697:Playfair (2004), pp. 221–222.
3646:Piekałkiewicz (1987), p. 144.
3489:Playfair (2004), pp. 210–212.
3393:Playfair (2004), pp. 205–206.
3144:
3006:cases. The RAF and RAAF lost
2981:
2897:
2705:
2456:, succeeded by Major-General
2230:10th Indian Infantry Division
2115:Italian Islands of the Aegean
2020:after reinforcement) and the
1976:6th Foreign Infantry Regiment
1845:
1824:was on the verge of entering
788:Mediterranean and Middle East
529:
521:
511:
8939:Invasion of the Soviet Union
8628:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
7939:Independent State of Croatia
2879:
2858:
2795:, inspects some of his men.
2672:anti-aircraft (AA) artillery
2529:20th Indian Infantry Brigade
2445:after its French commander,
2238:8th Indian Infantry Division
2234:17th Indian Infantry Brigade
2216:4th Indian Infantry Division
769:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
10006:Military history of Lebanon
9930:End of World War II in Asia
9770:Western invasion of Germany
9277:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
9254:Second Battle of El Alamein
8817:Hundred Regiments Offensive
8789:Battle of the Mediterranean
8642:Italian invasion of Albania
6809:Air warfare of World War II
5820:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
4485:(PhD). University of Hull.
4366:
3971:(St. Martin's Press, 1987).
3733:Auchinleck (1946), p. 4217.
3724:Auchinleck (1946), p. 4216.
3507:Johnston (2005), pp. 48–55.
3090:
2937:against a British claim of
2884:
2791:(centre), commander of the
2562:
2212:5th Indian Infantry Brigade
1746:) in June and July 1941 by
501:At least 10 bomber aircraft
10:
10087:
9856:Naval bombardment of Japan
9217:First Battle of El Alamein
9136:Battle of Christmas Island
9081:Japanese invasion of Burma
8845:Italian invasion of Greece
8761:German invasion of Belgium
8733:German invasion of Denmark
8706:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
8575:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
6832:Comparative military ranks
6211:Oradour-sur-Glane massacre
5943:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
5836:French Expeditionary Corps
4384:(in French) (287): 16–25.
3866:
3024:Air Chief Marshal Longmore
2712:Battle of the Litani River
2686:of Fighter Squadron II/3 (
2587:Battle of the Litani River
2281:Royal Australian Air Force
2262:No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
2156:as the British fought the
2133:
1941:
1932:
1801:(20 May – 1 June). In the
1797:(6–30 April 1941) and the
173:
10046:Lebanon under French rule
10011:Military history of Syria
9945:
9777:Bratislava–Brno offensive
9717:
9708:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
9445:
9332:Allied invasion of Sicily
9286:
9185:Aleutian Islands campaign
9157:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
9104:
9095:Greek famine of 1941–1944
8990:Second Battle of Changsha
8895:German invasion of Greece
8863:
8740:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
8715:
8653:
8548:
8429:
8155:
8065:
7906:
7609:
7600:
7358:
7183:
7075:North and Central Pacific
7036:
6798:
6791:
6718:
6634:
6604:1946 legislative election
6533:
6490:
6463:
6430:
6371:
6260:
6234:
6168:
6152:
6136:
6112:
6093:
6064:
6048:
6029:
6010:
5999:
5976:French National Committee
5956:
5888:
5875:
5869:French Forces of the West
5762:
5729:
5652:
5566:
5559:
5544:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement
5530:
5440:
5429:
5378:
5320:
4638:
4411:10.1080/00263209408701009
4239:Richards, Denis (1974) .
3555:Mackenzie (1951), p. 121.
3525:Long (1953), pp. 360–361.
3498:Long (1953), pp. 338, 413
3380:Ben-Eliezer, Uri (1998).
3320:de Wailly (2016), p. 246.
2969:the Australians suffered
2682:airfield, destroyed five
2450:Paul Louis Le Gentilhomme
2389:5,000 Free French troops)
2146:Mandatory Syrian Republic
1915:Archibald Percival Wavell
1593:1940 Cochinchina uprising
1550:
1483:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1267:
1166:
1017:
608:
505:
352:
288:
112:
66:
51:
39:
34:
9369:Allied invasion of Italy
9346:Solomon Islands campaign
9088:Third Battle of Changsha
8685:First Battle of Changsha
8591:Second Sino-Japanese War
7524:German military brothels
7390:United States war crimes
6621:Trial of Philippe Pétain
6548:1945 municipal elections
6445:Liberation of Strasbourg
5660:French High Commissioner
5644:Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar
3977:Herington, John (1954).
3871:
3848:Playfair (2004), p. 220.
3827:Playfair (2004), p. 211.
3792:Playfair (2004), p. 221.
3763:, pp. 222, 238–239.
3751:Playfair (2004), p. 222.
3614:Herington (1954), p. 94.
3579:Playfair (2004), p. 213.
3546:Playfair (2004), p. 217.
3459:Playfair (2004), p. 214.
3281:Richards (1974), p. 338.
2690:) and damaged six more.
2224:(Lieutenant-General Sir
2204:1st Free French Division
2086:bomber over the British
2050:, and three submarines.
1850:On 28 May 1941, Admiral
1789:as bases for attacks on
774:pre-war border conflicts
10041:1941 in Mandatory Syria
9791:Second Guangxi campaign
9646:Philippines (1944–1945)
9143:Battle of the Coral Sea
9046:Fall of the Philippines
8692:Battle of South Guangxi
8598:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
7997:Italian Social Republic
6338:Liberation of Marseille
5500:Battle of al-Musayfirah
5372:French Mandate of Syria
4455:(8). Part II: 280–284.
4087:Australian War Memorial
4083:Greece, Crete and Syria
4060:Oxford University Press
4032:Joslen, H. F. (2003) .
4013:Johnston, Mark (2005).
3994:James, Richard (2017).
3987:Australian War Memorial
3945:de Wailly, H. (2016) .
3926:Chappell, Mike (1987).
3108:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir
2793:Australian 7th Division
2668:Armée de l'Air de Vichy
2470:Australian 21st Brigade
2364:17th Australian Brigade
2192:7th Australian Division
2158:Western Desert Campaign
2076:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406
1822:21st Australian Brigade
1803:Western Desert Campaign
1558:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir
547:8,912 (British figures)
10061:Syria–Lebanon campaign
9376:Armistice of Cassibile
9171:Battle of Dutch Harbor
9122:Battle of the Java Sea
9025:Attack on Pearl Harbor
8925:Syria–Lebanon campaign
8918:Battle of South Shanxi
8888:Invasion of Yugoslavia
8671:Battle of the Atlantic
8285:Korean Liberation Army
7991:(until September 1943)
7948:(until September 1944)
7926:(until September 1944)
6578:Provisional Government
6242:Liberation of Saint-Lô
6216:Maquis de Saint-Marcel
6196:Liberation of Limousin
6160:Battle of Mont Mouchet
6144:Liberation of Limousin
6040:Syria–Lebanon campaign
5991:Provisional Government
5966:Empire Defense Council
5882:
5831:French Liberation Army
5517:Syria–Lebanon campaign
5480:Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa
5475:1925–1927 revolt
5418:Sanjak of Alexandretta
4586:"Exit With A Flourish"
4434:(7). Part I: 242–247.
4399:Middle Eastern Studies
4141:Mollo, Andrew (1981).
4122:Martin, Chris (2011).
3128:French Colonial Empire
3039:
2816:
2731:Royal New Zealand Navy
2663:
2579:
2415:
2406:British plan of attack
2402:and eight destroyers.
2337:815 Naval Air Squadron
2303:had the understrength
2297:Air officer commanding
2044:as well as one sloop,
1959:
1813:and were fighting the
1738:, was the invasion of
1732:Syria–Lebanon campaign
1685:Battle of Mont Mouchet
1625:Syria–Lebanon campaign
1271:Africa and Middle East
1158:Syria–Lebanon campaign
545:6,352 (Vichy figures)
289:Commanders and leaders
35:Syria–Lebanon campaign
18:Syria–Lebanon Campaign
9540:Second Battle of Guam
9436:Bengal famine of 1943
9406:Second Battle of Kiev
9362:Battle of the Dnieper
9231:Kokoda Track campaign
9060:Battle of Wake Island
8932:East African campaign
8874:Battle of South Henan
8519:atrocities by Germans
8292:Korean Volunteer Army
7266:Occupation of Germany
7020:Music in World War II
6568:Victory in Europe Day
6247:Battle of Mont Gargan
6104:Liberation of Corsica
5881:
5857:4th Moroccan Mountain
5852:3rd Algerian Infantry
5847:2nd Moroccan Infantry
5609:Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah
5538:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4382:Le Fana de l'Aviation
4348:. London: War Office.
4220:Raugh, H. E. (1993).
4180:Piekałkiewicz, Janusz
3903:Brune, Peter (2003).
3885:. London: War Office.
3801:Martin (2011), p. 11.
3664:Piekałkiewicz, p. 147
3655:Piekałkiewicz, p. 146
3591:Mollo (1981), p. 146.
3371:Smith (2010), p. 191.
3254:Mollo (1981), p. 144.
3138:Moshe Dayan#Eye patch
3020:
2782:
2688:Groupe de Chasse II/3
2655:
2629:Battle of Deir ez-Zor
2575:
2413:
2360:23rd Infantry Brigade
2352:6th Infantry Division
2289:Royal Australian Navy
2190:and consisted of the
2188:Henry Maitland Wilson
1980:French Foreign Legion
1951:
1868:Vichy Minister of War
1815:East African Campaign
1757:On 1 April 1941, the
1583:1940 Bắc Sơn uprising
1453:Indian Ocean and Asia
699:Yugoslavian Partisans
506:Casualties and losses
74:8 June – 14 July 1941
9826:Surrender of Germany
9304:Battle of West Hubei
9261:Guadalcanal campaign
9224:Battle of Stalingrad
9150:Battle of Madagascar
7917:Albania protectorate
7704:(formerly Swaziland)
7413:Wehrmacht war crimes
7229:Expulsion of Germans
7013:Art and World War II
6911:British contribution
6860:Governments in exile
6553:Advance to the Rhine
6358:Battle of Montélimar
6353:Liberation of Guéret
6333:Liberation of Toulon
6206:Liberation of Guéret
5923:Dwight D. Eisenhower
5723:Liberation of France
5619:Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi
4160:Owen, James (2012).
4077:Long, Gavin (1953).
3742:Long (1953), p. 526.
3706:Long (1953), p. 526.
3683:Barr, James (2011).
3623:Brown (1983), p. 17.
3450:Long (1953), p. 526.
2797:British Commonwealth
2661:bombing Beirut, 1941
2617:Battle of Merdjayoun
2468:towards Beirut. The
2458:Arthur "Tubby" Allen
2379:(18,000 Australians,
2372:1st Australian Corps
2319:RAAF, converting to
2311:, re-equipping with
2169:April 1941, after a
2120:Messerschmitt Bf 110
2088:Mandate of Palestine
1742:(then controlled by
1642:Battle of Madagascar
1603:Battle of Phum Preav
1537:Military actions of
62:, Lebanon, July 1941
9916:Potsdam Declaration
9805:Italy (Spring 1945)
9568:Liberation of Paris
9018:Siege of Sevastopol
8029:(until August 1944)
7932:Wang Jingwei regime
7754:from September 1943
7714:from September 1944
7652:from September 1944
7512:Romanian war crimes
7503:Persecution of Jews
7489:Croatian war crimes
7459:Japanese war crimes
7273:Occupation of Japan
7222:First Indochina War
6934:Military production
6846:Declarations of war
6558:Invasion of Germany
6422:Battle of Meximieux
6417:Battle of Arracourt
6379:Liberation of Nancy
6343:Liberation of Paris
6323:Battle of La Ciotat
6318:Battle of Port Cros
6283:Liberation of Brest
6268:Battle for Brittany
6186:Battle of Cherbourg
5629:Saadallah al-Jabiri
5594:Mustafa Bey Barmada
5512:1936 general strike
5495:Battle of al-Mazraa
5463:Capture of Damascus
4294:Smith, C. (2010) .
4079:"Chapters 16 to 26"
3907:. Crows Nest, NSW:
3860:, pp. 225–227.
3839:, pp. 203–205.
3537:, pp. 221–222.
3353:, pp. 211–216.
3242:, pp. 216–218.
3079:Arthur Roden Cutler
3044:Operation Battleaxe
2985: 1,300 losses
2831:Metropolitan France
2740:came to the aid of
2501:William "Bill" Slim
2431:Wilfrid Lewis Lloyd
2331:). A detachment of
2293:Mediterranean Fleet
2291:(RAN) units of the
2246:4th Cavalry Brigade
2136:Mandatory Palestine
1923:Middle East Command
1807:Operation Battleaxe
1750:forces, during the
1712:1945 Ba Tơ uprising
1695:Liberation of Paris
167:Mandatory Palestine
9909:Surrender of Japan
9742:Battle of Iwo Jima
9591:Belgrade offensive
8997:Siege of Leningrad
8881:Battle of Shanggao
8810:British Somaliland
8775:Dunkirk evacuation
8726:Norwegian campaign
8664:Invasion of Poland
8491:Japanese prisoners
7452:Italian war crimes
7383:British war crimes
7298:Soviet occupations
7082:South-West Pacific
6969:Allied cooperation
6927:Military equipment
6626:Klaus Barbie trial
6363:Liberation of Nice
6181:Battle of Carentan
6176:Operation Overlord
5913:Bernard Montgomery
5883:
5505:1925 Hama uprising
5485:Capture of Salkhad
5458:Battle of Maysalun
5401:Al-Jazira Province
4528:Supplement to the
4499:uk.bl.ethos.348610
4358:The London Gazette
4184:Sea War: 1939–1945
4103:Mackenzie, Compton
3895:The London Gazette
3040:
2817:
2664:
2611:Battle of Damascus
2580:
2462:Australian I Corps
2416:
2329:Gloster Gladiators
2307:(Blenheim Mk IV),
2232:, elements of the
2130:Palestine and Iraq
2053:On 14 May 1941, a
1968:Army of the Levant
1960:
1919:Commander-in-Chief
1893:Fliegerführer Irak
1736:Operation Exporter
1608:Battle of Ko Chang
901:French West Africa
742:South West Pacific
650:Denmark and Norway
518:Australian: 1,552
335:Paul Legentilhomme
10056:Conflicts in 1941
9983:
9982:
9941:
9940:
9784:Battle of Okinawa
9683:Burma (1944–1945)
9517:Mariana and Palau
9297:Tunisian campaign
9115:Fall of Singapore
9039:Fall of Hong Kong
8782:Battle of Britain
8635:Operation Himmler
8544:
8543:
8208:Dutch East Indies
7844:Southern Rhodesia
7596:
7595:
7496:Genocide of Serbs
7399:German war crimes
7376:Soviet war crimes
7369:Allied war crimes
7215:Division of Korea
7194:Chinese Civil War
6992:Strategic bombing
6904:Manhattan Project
6678:
6677:
6615:Trente Glorieuses
6591:Épuration sauvage
6529:
6528:
6389:Operation Undergo
6384:Operation Astonia
6328:Provence landings
6128:Battle of Glières
6123:Battle of Vercors
6085:Battle of Réunion
6080:Tunisian campaign
5928:Raymond O. Barton
5908:Winston Churchill
5898:Charles de Gaulle
5682:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5665:Charles de Gaulle
5599:Shukri al-Quwatli
5490:Battle of al-Kafr
5453:Franco-Syrian War
5408:Jabal Druze State
5396:State of Damascus
5338:
5337:
5325:British Commandos
4554:. August 20, 1946
4534:. August 13, 1946
4342:Wavell, Archibald
4324:978-1-84884-336-3
4305:978-0-7538-2705-5
4286:978-2-7025-0171-9
4256:978-0-11-771592-9
4231:978-0-08-040983-2
4212:978-1-84574-066-5
4193:978-0-7137-1665-8
4171:978-0-349-12362-2
4164:. Little, Brown.
4152:978-0-517-54478-5
4145:. London: Crown.
4133:978-0-7524-6163-2
4069:978-0-19-280670-3
4043:978-1-84342-474-1
4024:978-1-74114-191-7
4005:978-1-925520-92-7
3960:978-1-78453-449-3
3937:978-0-85045-739-1
3918:978-1-74114-011-8
3909:Allen & Unwin
3879:Auchinleck, Claud
3782:. August 4, 1941.
3032:General de Gaulle
3013:Subsequent events
2971:1,552 casualties,
2910:had been killed,
2623:Battle of Palmyra
2605:Battle of Kissoué
2593:Battle of Jezzine
2484:. The Australian
2321:Curtiss Tomahawks
2313:Hawker Hurricanes
2272:paramilitary and
1972:troupes spéciales
1887:Regia Aeronautica
1870:, sent orders to
1864:Charles Huntziger
1830:Saint Jean d'Acre
1761:had occurred and
1759:Iraqi coup d'état
1740:Syria and Lebanon
1725:
1724:
1690:Battle of Vercors
1680:Battle of Glières
1668:Battle of Réunion
1503:
1502:
1495:Wallis and Futuna
1224:
1223:
1122:
1121:
1037:Mediterranean Sea
973:
972:
894:Strategic bombing
810:Mediterranean Sea
566:
565:
498:German Luftwaffe:
108:
107:
85:Syria and Lebanon
16:(Redirected from
10078:
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9959:World portal
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9812:Battle of Berlin
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9756:Vienna offensive
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9735:Battle of Manila
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9178:Battle of Midway
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9074:Battle of Borneo
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9067:Malayan campaign
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9011:Bombing of Gorky
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9004:Battle of Moscow
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8506:Soviet prisoners
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8493:
8486:
8477:
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8446:German prisoners
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7919:
7899:
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7883:
7874:
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7860:
7853:
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7822:from August 1944
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7443:Nuremberg trials
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6584:Épuration légale
6536:
6498:Atlantic pockets
6474:Atlantic pockets
6440:Battle of Alsace
6394:Atlantic pockets
6288:Atlantic pockets
6226:Battle of Ushant
6221:Maquis de Saffré
6008:
6007:
5959:
5948:Philippe Kieffer
5938:Philippe Leclerc
5933:George S. Patton
5891:
5777:Commando Kieffer
5765:
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5614:Jamil Mardam Bey
5589:Hashim al-Atassi
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4581:. June 16, 1941.
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4483:hydra.hull.ac.uk
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2657:11 Squadron RAF
2641:Battle of Beirut
2635:Battle of Damour
2390:
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2383:
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2358:attached to the
2341:Fairey Swordfish
2059:Bristol Blenheim
2022:Marine nationale
2019:
2015:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1953:Captured French
1896:landed in Syria
1884:and the Italian
1795:Battle of Greece
1752:Second World War
1734:, also known as
1620:Battle of Angkor
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1012:
1010:
1000:
993:
986:
977:
976:
960:French Indochina
603:
592:
585:
578:
569:
568:
551:1 submarine sunk
534:
531:
526:
523:
516:
513:
481:
480:
479:
474:
473:
472:
464:
463:
462:
453:
424:
423:
422:
414:
413:
412:
404:
403:
402:
394:
393:
392:
384:
383:
382:
374:
373:
372:
363:
345:
344:
333:
332:
322:
321:
311:
310:
302:Archibald Wavell
300:
299:
281:
279:
278:
267:
266:
265:
255:
254:
253:
242:
240:
239:
227:
226:
216:
214:
213:
204:
202:
201:
191:
190:
189:
177:
176:
175:
165:
163:
162:
152:
151:
150:
140:
138:
137:
126:
124:
123:
68:
67:
60:Sidon Sea Castle
56:
46:Second World War
32:
31:
21:
10086:
10085:
10081:
10080:
10079:
10077:
10076:
10075:
10066:1941 in Lebanon
9986:
9985:
9984:
9979:
9972:
9965:
9951:
9949:
9937:
9928:
9921:
9914:
9907:
9898:
9891:
9884:
9875:
9870:Atomic bombings
9868:
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9831:
9824:
9817:
9810:
9803:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9775:
9768:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9740:
9733:
9726:
9713:
9706:
9695:
9688:
9681:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9651:
9644:
9637:
9628:
9619:
9612:
9603:
9596:
9589:
9582:
9573:
9566:
9561:Eastern Romania
9559:
9554:Warsaw Uprising
9552:
9547:Tannenberg Line
9545:
9538:
9533:Western Ukraine
9531:
9522:
9515:
9506:
9497:
9488:
9481:
9474:
9463:
9454:
9441:
9434:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9404:
9397:
9390:
9383:
9374:
9367:
9360:
9351:
9344:
9337:
9330:
9325:Battle of Kursk
9323:
9316:
9309:
9302:
9295:
9282:
9275:
9266:
9259:
9252:
9243:
9236:
9229:
9222:
9215:
9206:
9197:
9190:
9183:
9176:
9169:
9162:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9134:
9129:St Nazaire Raid
9127:
9120:
9113:
9100:
9093:
9086:
9079:
9072:
9065:
9058:
9051:
9044:
9037:
9030:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8981:
8974:
8967:
8953:
8944:
8937:
8930:
8923:
8916:
8911:Anglo-Iraqi War
8909:
8902:Battle of Crete
8900:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8872:
8859:
8850:
8843:
8836:
8831:Eastern Romania
8829:
8822:
8815:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8745:
8738:
8731:
8724:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8669:
8662:
8649:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8612:
8605:
8596:
8589:
8582:
8573:
8566:
8540:
8533:
8526:
8517:
8510:
8505:
8496:
8489:
8482:
8473:
8466:
8457:
8450:
8445:
8438:
8425:
8418:
8409:
8402:
8397:
8392:Western Ukraine
8390:
8383:
8376:
8369:
8362:
8355:
8348:
8341:
8336:Northeast China
8334:
8327:
8320:
8313:
8306:
8299:
8290:
8283:
8276:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8199:
8192:
8185:
8178:
8171:
8164:
8151:
8144:
8137:
8130:
8123:
8116:
8109:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8081:
8074:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8035:Slovak Republic
8033:
8025:
8018:
8011:
8006:Empire of Japan
8004:
7995:
7987:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7959:
7952:
7944:
7937:
7930:
7922:
7915:
7902:
7895:
7886:
7879:
7870:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7835:
7828:
7816:
7809:
7802:
7795:
7788:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7708:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7646:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7592:
7583:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7551:
7536:
7529:
7522:
7518:Sexual violence
7517:
7510:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7478:
7471:
7464:
7457:
7450:
7441:
7432:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7404:
7397:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7367:
7354:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7324:
7317:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7287:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7248:
7241:
7236:Greek Civil War
7234:
7227:
7220:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7179:
7172:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7066:
7061:South-East Asia
7059:
7052:
7045:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6925:
6920:Military awards
6918:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6844:
6837:
6830:
6823:
6814:
6807:
6787:
6780:
6773:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6745:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6714:
6709:
6679:
6674:
6630:
6609:Fourth Republic
6534:
6525:
6486:
6459:
6432:
6426:
6367:
6348:Maillé massacre
6256:
6252:Operation Cobra
6230:
6191:Battle for Caen
6164:
6148:
6132:
6108:
6089:
6075:Operation Torch
6060:
6044:
6025:
6021:Battle of Gabon
6002:
5995:
5957:
5952:
5889:
5884:
5873:
5842:1st Free French
5763:
5758:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5683:
5674:
5648:
5555:
5526:
5436:
5427:
5423:Greater Lebanon
5391:State of Aleppo
5374:
5369:
5339:
5334:
5316:
4634:
4629:
4571:
4557:
4555:
4546:
4537:
4535:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4503:
4501:
4471:
4469:Further reading
4369:
4331:Sutton, David.
4325:
4306:
4287:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4232:
4213:
4194:
4172:
4153:
4134:
4070:
4044:
4025:
4006:
3961:
3938:
3919:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3814:Time, Volume 45
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3093:
3074:
3058:Empire of Japan
3053:Georges Catroux
3038:
3036:General Catroux
3015:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:1,136 wounded.)
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2954:37,563 military
2953:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:3,004 prisoners
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2887:
2882:
2861:
2815:
2708:
2662:
2650:
2599:Battle of Sidon
2578:
2570:
2565:
2505:Euphrates River
2408:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2256:(Glubb Pasha).
2196:siege of Tobruk
2181:Anglo-Iraqi War
2150:Greater Lebanon
2142:
2140:Kingdom of Iraq
2132:
2055:Royal Air Force
2017:
2016:(increasing to
2013:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:35,000 regulars
1991:
1987:
1964:Armée du Levant
1958:
1946:
1940:
1935:
1902:Kingdom of Iraq
1860:Paris Protocols
1854:, on behalf of
1852:François Darlan
1848:
1832:(Convention of
1811:siege of Tobruk
1809:to relieve the
1799:Battle of Crete
1783:Syrian Republic
1781:from using the
1775:François Darlan
1771:Anglo-Iraqi War
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1648:Operation Torch
1598:Đô Lương mutiny
1588:Franco-Thai War
1573:Battle of Gabon
1568:Battle of Dakar
1546:
1536:
1534:
1504:
1499:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1225:
1220:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1123:
1118:
1114:Alpes-Maritimes
1013:
1008:
1006:
1004:
974:
969:
856:Other campaigns
850:Southern France
759:Burma and India
754:South-East Asia
749:Franco-Thai War
604:
598:
596:
561:
557:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
537:
535:
532:
527:
524:
519:
517:
514:
500:
496:
494:
489:
487:
485:
477:
475:
470:
468:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
447:
440:
435:
430:
428:
420:
418:
410:
408:
400:
398:
390:
388:
380:
378:
370:
368:
365:
364:
361:
339:
327:
326:
316:
315:
305:
304:
294:
276:
274:
273:
263:
261:
251:
249:
237:
235:
231:
221:
220:
211:
209:
208:
199:
197:
187:
185:
171:
160:
158:
154:Assyrian Levies
148:
146:
135:
133:
121:
119:
100:
86:
75:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10084:
10074:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10036:1941 in France
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9970:
9963:
9946:
9943:
9942:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9934:
9933:
9926:
9919:
9905:
9904:
9903:
9889:
9886:South Sakhalin
9882:
9881:
9880:
9866:
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9822:
9815:
9808:
9801:
9794:
9787:
9780:
9773:
9766:
9759:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9731:
9723:
9721:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9711:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9686:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9663:
9656:
9649:
9642:
9635:
9626:
9617:
9610:
9601:
9594:
9587:
9580:
9571:
9564:
9557:
9550:
9543:
9536:
9529:
9520:
9513:
9504:
9495:
9486:
9479:
9472:
9461:
9451:
9449:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9439:
9432:
9431:
9430:
9423:
9409:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9381:
9380:
9379:
9365:
9358:
9349:
9342:
9335:
9328:
9321:
9314:
9311:Battle of Attu
9307:
9300:
9292:
9290:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9273:
9264:
9257:
9250:
9241:
9234:
9227:
9220:
9213:
9204:
9203:
9202:
9195:
9181:
9174:
9167:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9132:
9125:
9118:
9110:
9108:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9091:
9084:
9077:
9070:
9063:
9056:
9053:Battle of Guam
9049:
9042:
9035:
9028:
9021:
9014:
9007:
9000:
8993:
8986:
8979:
8976:Battle of Kiev
8972:
8965:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8935:
8928:
8921:
8914:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8891:
8884:
8877:
8869:
8867:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8857:
8848:
8841:
8834:
8827:
8820:
8813:
8806:
8799:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8771:
8764:
8757:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8729:
8721:
8719:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8681:
8674:
8667:
8659:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8594:
8580:
8579:
8578:
8563:
8561:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8531:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8515:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8487:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8475:United Kingdom
8471:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8443:
8435:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8423:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8407:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8374:
8367:
8360:
8353:
8346:
8339:
8332:
8325:
8318:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8288:
8274:
8267:
8260:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8183:
8176:
8169:
8161:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8149:
8142:
8135:
8128:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8079:
8071:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8023:
8016:
8009:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7985:
7978:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7950:
7942:
7935:
7928:
7920:
7912:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7872:British Empire
7865:United Kingdom
7861:
7854:
7847:
7840:
7833:
7826:
7814:
7807:
7800:
7793:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7765:
7758:
7746:
7739:
7732:
7725:
7718:
7706:
7698:
7691:
7684:
7681:Czechoslovakia
7677:
7670:
7663:
7656:
7644:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7615:
7613:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7581:
7578:Rape of Manila
7574:
7567:
7560:
7549:
7534:
7527:
7515:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7499:
7485:
7484:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7455:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7430:
7416:
7409:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7364:
7362:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7349:United Nations
7345:
7338:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7294:
7285:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7246:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7208:Decolonization
7204:
7197:
7189:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7154:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7108:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7085:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7042:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6972:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6900:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6884:
6881:United Kingdom
6877:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6804:
6802:
6793:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6727:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6685:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6639:WW II theatres
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6539:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6470:
6468:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6201:Tulle massacre
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6119:
6117:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6005:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5958:Administration
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5792:3rd Army Corps
5789:
5779:
5774:
5772:Army of Africa
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5689:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5584:Ibrahim Hananu
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5386:State of Syria
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4583:
4569:
4564:
4544:
4532:, Number 37685
4530:London Gazette
4515:
4514:External links
4512:
4511:
4510:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4444:
4423:
4405:(3): 512–529.
4394:
4377:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4337:
4336:
4329:
4323:
4310:
4304:
4291:
4285:
4268:
4255:
4236:
4230:
4217:
4211:
4198:
4192:
4176:
4170:
4157:
4151:
4138:
4132:
4119:
4099:
4074:
4068:
4048:
4042:
4029:
4023:
4010:
4004:
3991:
3973:
3972:
3967:Gaunson, A.B.
3965:
3959:
3942:
3936:
3923:
3917:
3900:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3841:
3829:
3820:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3765:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3602:
3593:
3581:
3572:
3570:, p. 222.
3557:
3548:
3539:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3480:, p. 119.
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3431:
3429:, p. 211.
3419:
3407:
3405:, p. 209.
3395:
3386:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3283:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3211:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3161:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3073:
3072:Victoria Cross
3070:
3028:General Wavell
3021:
3014:
3011:
2993:1,800 wounded,
2958:hospital ships
2928:1,790 wounded,
2899:
2896:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2860:
2857:
2822:Chevalier Paul
2783:
2759:Lehrgeschwader
2756:1 (2nd Group,
2750:Junkers Ju 88s
2733:light cruiser
2707:
2704:
2656:
2649:
2648:War in the air
2646:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2553:Essex Regiment
2515:and thence to
2407:
2404:
2382:9,000 British,
2131:
2128:
2124:Heinkel He 111
2009:Armée de l'air
1957:at Aleppo 1941
1952:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1847:
1844:
1787:French Lebanon
1748:British Empire
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1644:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1003:
1002:
995:
988:
980:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
925:Baltic Nations
916:
915:
914:
913:
903:
898:
897:
896:
886:
881:
876:
871:
870:
869:
853:
852:
847:
842:
841:
840:
835:
830:
822:
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
800:
784:
783:
778:
777:
776:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
745:
744:
734:
721:
720:
719:
718:
708:
703:
702:
701:
691:
686:
685:
684:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
652:
647:
646:
645:
640:
635:
625:
620:
609:
606:
605:
595:
594:
587:
580:
572:
564:
563:
539:
508:
507:
503:
502:
484:
483:
466:
452:~35,000 troops
450:
449:
448:
442:
427:
426:
416:
406:
396:
386:
376:
362:~36,000 troops
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
350:
349:
337:
291:
290:
286:
285:
272:
271:
259:
232:
229:Czechoslovakia
196:
195:
183:
182:
181:
156:
144:
128:United Kingdom
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
94:Allied victory
92:
88:
87:
84:
82:
78:
77:
72:
64:
63:
49:
48:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10083:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9975:
9971:
9968:
9964:
9961:
9960:
9955:
9948:
9947:
9944:
9931:
9927:
9924:
9920:
9917:
9913:
9912:
9910:
9906:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9893:Kuril Islands
9890:
9887:
9883:
9878:
9874:
9873:
9871:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9839:
9834:
9830:
9829:
9827:
9823:
9820:
9816:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9795:
9792:
9788:
9785:
9781:
9778:
9774:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9760:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9720:
9716:
9709:
9705:
9700:
9699:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9687:
9684:
9680:
9675:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9661:
9660:Syrmian Front
9657:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9643:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9632:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9618:
9615:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9606:Market Garden
9602:
9599:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9581:
9578:
9577:
9572:
9569:
9565:
9562:
9558:
9555:
9551:
9548:
9544:
9541:
9537:
9534:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9521:
9518:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9484:
9480:
9477:
9473:
9470:
9466:
9465:Monte Cassino
9462:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9444:
9437:
9433:
9428:
9424:
9421:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9410:
9407:
9403:
9400:
9396:
9393:
9389:
9386:
9382:
9377:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9366:
9363:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9350:
9347:
9343:
9340:
9336:
9333:
9329:
9326:
9322:
9319:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9305:
9301:
9298:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9289:
9285:
9278:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9265:
9262:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9242:
9239:
9235:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9221:
9218:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9179:
9175:
9172:
9168:
9165:
9161:
9158:
9154:
9151:
9147:
9144:
9140:
9137:
9133:
9130:
9126:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9103:
9096:
9092:
9089:
9085:
9082:
9078:
9075:
9071:
9068:
9064:
9061:
9057:
9054:
9050:
9047:
9043:
9040:
9036:
9033:
9029:
9026:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9008:
9005:
9001:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8984:
8980:
8977:
8973:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8952:
8947:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8936:
8933:
8929:
8926:
8922:
8919:
8915:
8912:
8908:
8903:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8892:
8889:
8885:
8882:
8878:
8875:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8866:
8862:
8855:
8854:
8849:
8846:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8832:
8828:
8825:
8824:Baltic states
8821:
8818:
8814:
8811:
8807:
8804:
8800:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8786:
8783:
8779:
8776:
8772:
8769:
8765:
8762:
8758:
8755:
8751:
8748:
8744:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8714:
8707:
8703:
8700:
8696:
8693:
8689:
8686:
8682:
8679:
8675:
8672:
8668:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8632:
8629:
8625:
8622:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8604:
8599:
8595:
8592:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8576:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8547:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8525:
8520:
8516:
8513:
8509:
8508:
8504:
8499:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8485:
8481:
8476:
8472:
8469:
8468:United States
8465:
8460:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8428:
8421:
8417:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8404:Quốc dân Đảng
8401:
8400:
8396:
8393:
8389:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8375:
8372:
8368:
8365:
8361:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8347:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8326:
8323:
8319:
8316:
8312:
8309:
8305:
8302:
8298:
8293:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8251:
8247:
8244:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8205:
8202:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8188:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8170:
8167:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8147:
8143:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8122:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8108:
8105:
8104:Liechtenstein
8101:
8098:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8068:
8064:
8057:
8056:Collaboration
8053:
8050:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8003:
7998:
7994:
7993:
7990:
7986:
7983:
7979:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7965:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7898:
7894:
7889:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:United States
7878:
7873:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7841:
7838:
7834:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7744:
7740:
7737:
7733:
7730:
7726:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7586:
7582:
7579:
7575:
7572:
7571:Comfort women
7568:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7555: /
7554:
7550:
7547:
7544: /
7543:
7540: /
7539:
7535:
7532:
7531:Camp brothels
7528:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7509:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7481:
7477:
7474:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7449:
7444:
7440:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7420:The Holocaust
7417:
7414:
7410:
7407:
7406:forced labour
7403:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7263:
7260:
7259:Marshall Plan
7256:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7175:
7171:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7143:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7113:
7112:Eastern Front
7109:
7106:
7105:Western Front
7102:
7101:
7099:
7095:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7079:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6999:Puppet states
6996:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:Naval history
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6889:
6888:United States
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6671:
6670:Sino Japanese
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:Eastern Front
6653:
6651:
6650:Western Front
6648:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6532:
6520:
6519:Saint-Nazaire
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Colmar Pocket
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6300:
6299:Saint-Nazaire
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6233:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6063:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6009:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5887:
5880:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5812:32nd Infantry
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5787:Cavalry Corps
5785:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5710:
5705:
5703:
5698:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5671:
5670:Henri Gouraud
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5639:Ayyash Al-Haj
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5604:Khalid al-Azm
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:Yusuf al-Azma
5572:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5522:Levant Crisis
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Hananu Revolt
5468:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Alawite State
5411:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:September 26,
4533:
4531:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4449:Air Pictorial
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:Air Pictorial
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3859:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3757:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3686:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3597:
3588:
3586:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3552:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3441:, p. 19.
3440:
3439:Chappell 1987
3435:
3428:
3427:Playfair 2004
3423:
3417:, p. 50.
3416:
3411:
3404:
3403:Playfair 2004
3399:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3368:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3341:, p. 99.
3340:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3288:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3195:Keegan p. 676
3192:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3066:Levant Crisis
3061:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3010:
2998:captured and
2959:
2951:
2943:179 aircraft,
2916:1,790 wounded
2895:
2893:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2574:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:RAF Habbaniya
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2533:Bec du Canard
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:John Lavarack
2451:
2448:
2447:Major-General
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:Fleet Air Arm
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:, as well as
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:Edward Quinan
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:Eastern Front
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:Junkers Ju 52
2077:
2073:
2068:
2067:Junkers Ju 90
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2010:
2000:25,000 Syrian
1988:35,000 troops
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:, signed the
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
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1656:
1652:
1650:
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1643:
1640:
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1638:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:North America
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:Colmar Pocket
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Monte Cassino
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:Eastern Front
1331:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1309:Run for Tunis
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Syria–Lebanon
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
987:
982:
981:
978:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:
912:
909:
908:
907:
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
891:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
857:
851:
848:
846:
843:
839:
836:
834:
833:Syria–Lebanon
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
792:
791:
790:
789:
782:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:Pacific Ocean
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
727:
726:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
707:
706:Eastern Front
704:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:Western Front
653:
651:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
607:
602:
599:Campaigns of
593:
588:
586:
581:
579:
574:
573:
570:
560:
556:
543:
542:Vichy France:
540:
520:Free French:
510:
509:
504:
499:
493:
467:
457:
456:
446:
445:Vichy France:
443:
439:
434:
417:
407:
397:
387:
377:
367:
366:
357:
356:
351:
348:
343:
338:
336:
331:
325:
324:John Lavarack
320:
314:
309:
303:
298:
293:
292:
287:
284:
270:
260:
258:
248:
247:
246:
245:
233:
230:
225:
219:
207:
194:
184:
180:
170:
169:
168:
157:
155:
145:
143:
132:
131:
130:
129:
117:
116:
111:
103:
98:
97:
93:
90:
89:
83:
80:
79:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
9967:Bibliography
9950:
9763:Project Hula
9728:Vistula–Oder
9697:
9630:
9621:
9605:
9575:
9524:
9508:
9499:
9490:
9456:
9353:
9268:
9244:
9207:
8958:
8924:
8851:
8796:North Africa
8498:Soviet Union
8452:Soviet Union
8378:Soviet Union
8146:Vatican City
8049:Vichy France
7954:German Reich
7851:Soviet Union
7837:South Africa
7830:Sierra Leone
7783:Newfoundland
7602:Participants
7585:Marocchinate
7289:
7280:
7250:
7128:North Africa
7089:Indian Ocean
6948:Nazi plunder
6839:Cryptography
6712:World War II
6613:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6543:End of Vichy
6039:
5918:Henri Giraud
5818:
5634:Haqqi al-Azm
5579:Saleh al-Ali
5516:
5310:
5305:Twin Pimples
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5265:Sidi Haneish
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4855:Cold Comfort
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4828:Litani River
4821:
4814:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4589:
4576:
4556:. Retrieved
4551:
4536:. Retrieved
4527:
4502:. Retrieved
4482:
4477:
4452:
4448:
4431:
4427:
4402:
4398:
4381:
4376:44.1 (2012).
4373:
4356:
4345:
4332:
4314:
4295:
4276:
4272:
4260:. Retrieved
4241:
4221:
4202:
4183:
4161:
4142:
4123:
4106:
4082:
4058:. New York:
4055:
4052:Keegan, John
4033:
4014:
3995:
3978:
3968:
3950:
3946:
3927:
3904:
3893:
3882:
3853:
3844:
3832:
3823:
3813:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3777:
3768:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3678:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3628:
3619:
3596:
3575:
3551:
3542:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3434:
3422:
3410:
3398:
3389:
3384:, pp. 83–84.
3381:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3346:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3235:
3224:. Retrieved
3222:. 2021-05-28
3214:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3062:
3041:
3008:27 aircraft.
2967:about 4,652;
2901:
2888:
2870:Sidney Smith
2862:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2834:
2821:
2818:
2812:Frank Hurley
2772:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2692:
2687:
2667:
2665:
2581:
2541:Iraq Command
2540:
2532:
2497:Iraq Command
2496:
2494:
2486:25th Brigade
2478:Litani River
2442:
2417:
2394:
2385:2,000 Indian
2349:
2278:
2221:Iraq Command
2219:
2199:
2185:
2170:
2162:North Africa
2143:
2106:air base in
2095:
2092:Adolf Hitler
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2018:289 aircraft
2008:
1996:8,000 French
1971:
1963:
1961:
1929:intentions.
1907:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1856:Vichy France
1849:
1837:
1829:
1819:
1756:
1744:Nazi Germany
1735:
1731:
1729:
1705:
1704:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1613:
1612:
1552:
1543:World War II
1539:Vichy France
1464:
1435:
1399:
1389:Saint-Marcel
1370:
1365:Mont Mouchet
1338:
1314:
1292:
1291:
1171:Litani River
1156:
1107:
1071:
1027:North Africa
918:
917:
906:Indian Ocean
867:Ecuador–Peru
855:
854:
832:
824:Middle East
798:North Africa
786:
785:
725:Asia-Pacific
723:
722:
610:
601:World War II
558:
549:179 aircraft
541:
525: 1,300
515: 4,652
497:
495:3 submarines
488:289 aircraft
444:
441:8 destroyers
433:landing ship
429:50+ aircraft
313:Henry Wilson
244:Vichy France
234:
118:
113:Belligerents
40:Part of the
9698:Bodenplatte
9584:Gothic Line
8803:West Africa
8350:Philippines
8329:Netherlands
8194:Czech lands
8132:Switzerland
8076:Afghanistan
8020:Philippines
7888:Puerto Rico
7804:Philippines
7790:New Zealand
7776:Netherlands
7729:Free France
7480:Prosecution
7281:Osoaviakhim
7151:West Africa
7135:East Africa
6782:Conferences
6598:Tripartisme
6573:Victory Day
6509:La Rochelle
6400:La Rochelle
5903:Jean Moulin
5864:Second Army
5838:Divisions:
5807:1st Armored
5749:Netherlands
5448:1919 revolt
5292:Thistledown
5072:Houndsworth
4714:Abercrombie
4596:The Palmach
4558:November 6,
4353:"No. 37685"
3890:"No. 37695"
3415:Joslen 2003
3077:Lieutenant
3049:Brazzaville
3004:350 malaria
3000:3,150 sick,
2976:killed and
2931:466 missing
2789:A. S. Allen
2735:HMNZS
2695:45 Squadron
2568:War on land
2545:Transjordan
2513:Deir ez Zor
2476:, over the
2345:84 Squadron
2309:80 Squadron
2305:11 Squadron
2274:Mista'arvim
2250:Arab Legion
2172:coup d'état
2084:Martin 167F
2026:French Navy
2014:90 aircraft
1955:Martin 167F
1938:Vichy Syria
1927:Free French
1872:Henri Dentz
1779:Axis powers
1259:Free French
1206:Deir ez Zor
1032:East Africa
889:Air Warfare
803:East Africa
538:41 aircraft
528:Jordanian:
347:Henri Dentz
218:Free French
193:Transjordan
99:Territorial
9990:Categories
9798:West Hunan
9631:Pointblank
8960:Silver Fox
8946:Summer War
8699:Winter War
8678:Phoney War
8459:Azerbaijan
8420:Yugoslavia
8315:Luxembourg
8157:Resistance
7897:Yugoslavia
7762:Luxembourg
7564:Sook Ching
7360:War crimes
6962:Technology
6955:Opposition
6897:Lend-Lease
6874:Australian
6867:Home front
6825:Blitzkrieg
6775:Casualties
6766:Commanders
6738:Operations
6433:March 1945
6431:Nov 1944 -
6278:Saint-Malo
6137:March 1944
5782:First Army
5744:Luxembourg
5238:Roundabout
5203:Postmaster
5044:Gunnerside
4995:Fahrenheit
4658:Ambassador
4644:Abstention
4262:3 February
3858:James 2017
3837:James 2017
3761:Raugh 1993
3568:Raugh 1993
3535:Raugh 1993
3478:James 2017
3351:Raugh 1993
3339:James 2017
3240:Raugh 1993
3226:2023-07-30
3145:References
3085:Jim Gordon
3002:including
2912:1,037 were
2898:Casualties
2801:garrisoned
2706:War at sea
2376:34,000 men
2362:) and the
2354:(with the
2317:3 Squadron
2285:Royal Navy
2254:John Glubb
2177:Rashid Ali
2134:See also:
2112:Dodecanese
2030:destroyers
2028:) had two
1994:including
1942:See also:
1846:Background
1767:Rashid Ali
1655:Case Anton
1430:Strasbourg
1411:Marseilles
1304:Bir Hakeim
1186:Merdjayoun
1097:Dodecanese
1062:Yugoslavia
930:Yugoslavia
911:Madagascar
874:Antarctica
845:Dodecanese
665:Resistance
633:Winter War
623:Phoney War
562:4 aircraft
533: 250
492:destroyers
9863:Manchuria
9749:Indochina
9525:Bagration
8969:Lithuania
8614:Anschluss
8411:Viet Minh
8308:Lithuania
8250:Hong Kong
8013:Manchukuo
7968:Azad Hind
7627:Australia
7427:Aftermath
7290:Paperclip
7185:Aftermath
6985:Total war
6853:Diplomacy
6816:In Europe
6535:Aftermath
6372:Sept 1944
6235:July 1944
5441:Conflicts
5278:Speedwell
5252:Saxifrage
5210:Partridge
5163:Narcissus
5149:Musketoon
5086:Infatuate
5079:Huckaback
4925:Driftwood
4911:Checkmate
4834:Candytuft
4798:Barricade
4784:Bulbasket
4721:Acid Drop
4651:Agreement
4504:7 October
4419:1743-7881
4390:0757-4169
2996:1,200 men
2989:1,100 men
2963:29 senior
2947:5,668 men
2924:1,092 men
2920:3,004 men
2914:missing,
2880:Aftermath
2859:Armistice
2848:Souffleur
2840:HMS
2765:HMS
2746:Luftwaffe
2724:HMS
2443:Gentforce
2428:Brigadier
2393:HMS
2287:(RN) and
2200:Gentforce
1881:Luftwaffe
1563:Gibraltar
1471:Indochina
1261:campaigns
1077:Palestine
1042:Gibraltar
781:Australia
677:Alps 1940
670:1944–1945
555:defectors
206:Australia
9974:Category
9923:document
9833:document
9690:Ardennes
9674:Budapest
9622:Crossbow
9500:Overlord
9339:Smolensk
8550:Timeline
8385:Slovakia
8371:Thailand
8222:Ethiopia
8187:Bulgaria
8111:Portugal
8042:Thailand
7924:Bulgaria
7702:Eswatini
7695:Ethiopia
7648:Bulgaria
7473:Unit 731
7434:Response
7251:Keelhaul
7201:Cold War
7174:Americas
7165:timeline
7158:Atlantic
7038:Theaters
6645:Atlantic
6491:May 1945
6313:Égletons
6261:Aug 1944
6169:Jun 1944
6153:May 1944
6049:Dec 1941
6003:campaign
5531:Treaties
5285:Tarbrush
5156:Myrmidon
5121:Keystone
5065:Hawthorn
5051:Hardtack
5030:Gauntlet
4988:Freshman
4981:Frankton
4967:Exporter
4953:Deep Cut
4897:Crackers
4869:Colossus
4848:Claymore
4841:Chestnut
4822:Branford
4809:Hill 170
4735:Astrakan
4679:Aquatint
4491:53527058
4461:29897622
4440:29897622
4367:Journals
4344:(1946).
4182:(1987).
4162:Commando
4105:(1951).
3983:Canberra
3881:(1946).
3091:See also
3083:Private
2974:(416 men
2950:defected
2906:of whom
2885:Analysis
2842:Parthian
2676:strafing
2563:Campaign
2480:towards
2435:Quneitra
2400:cruisers
2395:Glengyle
2368:Damascus
2258:Commando
2252:, under
2248:and the
2242:Habforce
2104:Eleusina
2096:en route
2004:90 tanks
1898:en route
1436:Nordwind
1423:Dompaire
1418:Lorraine
1371:Overlord
1293:Exporter
1196:Damascus
1022:Adriatic
950:Bulgaria
879:Atlantic
862:Americas
815:Adriatic
559:Germany:
486:90 tanks
438:cruisers
353:Strength
81:Location
9900:Shumshu
9667:Hungary
9614:Estonia
9598:Lapland
9576:Dragoon
9509:Neptune
9491:Ichi-Go
9457:Tempest
9399:Changde
9354:Cottage
9246:Jubilee
8955:Finland
8853:Compass
8559:Prelude
8512:Finland
8398:Vietnam
8364:Romania
8236:Germany
8215:Estonia
8201:Denmark
8180:Belgium
8173:Austria
8166:Albania
8097:Ireland
8083:Andorra
8067:Neutral
8027:Romania
7961:Hungary
7946:Finland
7818:Romania
7710:Finland
7688:Denmark
7634:Belgium
7620:Algeria
7326:Romania
7312:Hungary
7068:Pacific
6792:General
6746:Leaders
6731:Battles
6724:Outline
6665:Pacific
6514:Lorient
6504:Dunkirk
6410:Dunkirk
6294:Lorient
5890:Leaders
5734:Belgium
5311:Wallace
5299:Tombola
5271:Sunstar
5259:Savanna
5245:Rumford
5196:Opossum
5142:Manacle
5100:Jubilee
5093:Jaywick
5016:Foxrock
5009:Farrier
4974:Flipper
4946:Dunhill
4918:Chopper
4883:Chariot
4876:Cartoon
4815:Bristle
4777:Begonia
4728:Albumen
4707:Archway
4700:Amherst
4672:Archery
4115:1412578
4095:3134080
3867:Sources
3103:Asmahan
2908:521 men
2835:Guépard
2804:Lebanon
2785:Hammana
2737:Leander
2720:Guépard
2537:Baghdad
2509:Haditha
2424:Tripoli
2420:Palmyra
2398:, five
2270:Palmach
2100:Algeria
2063:Palmyra
2035:Guépard
1978:of the
1933:Prelude
1900:to the
1541:during
1489:Oceania
1465:Crimson
1459:Réunion
1400:Dragoon
1394:Vercors
1355:Glières
1345:Corsica
1321:Tunisia
1201:Palmyra
1191:Jezzine
1181:Kissoué
1108:Dragoon
1102:Corsica
1057:Balkans
1052:Bahrain
955:Hungary
945:Romania
794:Africa
694:Balkans
689:Britain
643:Lapland
638:Karelia
628:Finland
482:25,000
375:18,000
283:Germany
269:Lebanon
179:Palmach
101:changes
44:of the
9877:Debate
9849:Taipei
9842:Borneo
9420:Tarawa
8607:Europe
8568:Africa
8357:Poland
8343:Norway
8322:Malaya
8301:Latvia
8243:Greece
8229:France
8125:Sweden
8090:Bhutan
7811:Poland
7797:Norway
7769:Mexico
7736:Greece
7722:France
7660:Canada
7641:Brazil
7611:Allies
7557:Serbia
7546:Poland
7319:Poland
7305:Baltic
7098:Europe
6800:Topics
6752:Allied
6455:Bitche
6308:Lioran
6273:Rennes
6001:French
5764:Forces
5754:Norway
5653:French
5567:Syrian
5560:People
5552:(1936)
5546:(1920)
5540:(1916)
5379:States
5217:Pistol
5182:Nicety
5175:Newton
5169:Nelson
5128:Loyton
5114:Kitbag
5037:Grouse
5002:Forfar
4890:Canuck
4862:Collar
4804:Bardia
4791:Brandy
4770:Batman
4763:Bigamy
4756:Biting
4749:Basalt
4742:Baobab
4686:Aflame
4665:Anklet
4497:
4489:
4459:
4438:
4417:
4388:
4321:
4302:
4283:
4253:
4228:
4209:
4190:
4168:
4149:
4130:
4113:
4093:
4066:
4040:
4021:
4002:
3957:
3934:
3915:
2827:Toulon
2799:units
2754:II./LG
2729:. The
2700:Rhodes
2557:Rutbah
2525:Turkey
2521:Aleppo
2335:(FAA)
2299:(AOC)
2266:Cyprus
2244:, the
2240:) and
2108:Greece
2057:(RAF)
1982:, the
1917:, the
1874:, the
1866:, the
1826:Beirut
1406:Toulon
1327:Europe
1216:Beirut
1211:Damour
1087:Sicily
884:Arctic
716:Sicily
618:Poland
612:Europe
553:5,668
465:8,000
415:1,600
405:2,000
395:5,000
385:8,400
280:
241:
215:
203:
164:
139:
125:
91:Result
9653:Leyte
9483:Narva
9469:Anzio
9427:Makin
9385:Burma
9269:Torch
9238:Rzhev
9192:Kiska
8278:Korea
8264:Japan
8257:Italy
8139:Tibet
8118:Spain
7989:Italy
7750:Italy
7743:India
7667:China
7542:Japan
7142:Italy
7054:China
7006:Women
6480:Royan
6405:Royan
6094:Sept
5739:Italy
5231:Roast
5224:Rimau
5135:Maple
5058:Hardy
4960:Devon
4939:Defoe
4932:Dryad
4904:Chess
4693:Anglo
4524:(PDF)
4495:EThOS
4275:[
3949:[
3872:Books
2892:Basra
2853:Adour
2808:Syria
2742:Janus
2726:Janus
2716:Valmy
2517:Raqqa
2507:from
2490:Rayak
2482:Sidon
2466:Haifa
2439:Deraa
2264:from
2154:Egypt
2098:from
2041:Valmy
1990:with
1911:Mosul
1791:Egypt
1377:Paris
1339:Husky
1315:Torch
1299:Kufra
1287:Keren
1282:Gabon
1277:Dakar
1176:Sidon
1047:Malta
965:Japan
940:Italy
919:Coups
820:Malta
764:Japan
732:China
711:Italy
425:280+
257:Syria
142:India
9719:1945
9447:1944
9288:1943
9209:Blue
9199:Attu
9106:1942
8865:1941
8717:1940
8655:1939
8584:Asia
8431:POWs
8271:Jews
7982:Iraq
7908:Axis
7858:Tuva
7674:Cuba
6759:Axis
6466:1945
6464:Apr
6115:1944
6113:Jan
6096:1943
6067:1942
6065:Nov
6032:1941
6030:Jun
6013:1940
6011:Nov
5189:Noah
5023:Gaff
4590:Time
4578:Time
4560:2009
4540:2009
4506:2016
4487:OCLC
4457:OCLC
4436:OCLC
4415:ISSN
4386:ISSN
4319:ISBN
4300:ISBN
4281:ISBN
4264:2017
4251:ISBN
4247:HMSO
4226:ISBN
4207:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4166:ISBN
4147:ISBN
4128:ISBN
4111:OCLC
4091:OCLC
4064:ISBN
4038:ISBN
4019:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3955:ISBN
3932:ISBN
3913:ISBN
3779:Time
2987:and
2933:and
2918:and
2874:Acre
2806:and
2773:Isis
2770:and
2767:Ilex
2718:and
2680:Homs
2519:and
2474:Tyre
2437:and
2387:and
2148:and
2138:and
2072:Axis
2047:Élan
2038:and
2012:had
1998:and
1839:Time
1834:Acre
1785:and
1763:Iraq
1730:The
1706:1945
1674:1944
1636:1942
1614:1941
1553:1940
1447:Alps
1384:Elba
1082:Iran
1067:Iraq
935:Iraq
838:Iran
828:Iraq
682:1944
660:1940
71:Date
5802:5th
5797:4th
5107:J V
4407:doi
4350:in
3887:in
2752:of
2198:),
1921:of
1360:Ist
9992::
9467:/
6500::
6476::
6396::
6290::
4588:–
4575:.
4550:.
4526:.
4493:.
4481:.
4453:32
4451:.
4432:32
4430:.
4413:.
4403:30
4401:.
4355:.
4249:.
4089:.
4081:.
4062:.
3985::
3911:.
3892:.
3776:.
3637:^
3605:^
3584:^
3560:^
3286:^
3247:^
3200:^
3152:^
3060:.
3034:,
3030:,
3026:,
2982:c.
2876:.
2814:.)
2702:.
2323:,
2315:,
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1754:.
530:c.
522:c.
512:c.
490:2
436:5
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