443:
29:
239:
143:
320:
459:
breeds at some remote time in history, skull type and bite type are separate subjects of genetic traits. The dolichocephalic skull is narrow at base yet long in length, so the Alaunt could be referred to as a modified dolichocephalic breed, as mesocephalic is a balance of base to length. Moreover,
450:
The long, broad, flat head of the Alaunt should never be confused with the modified brachycephalic breeds. The brachycephalic head type is wide in base, but short in length. While the preferred bite is reverse scissor, like the
367:, some Alaunts became valued large game hunting dogs, existing in a variety of types dictated by regional preferences. In AD 1500, Spain was known for breeding the best Alaunts and used them to conquer the
285:
in the 5th or 6th centuries BC. Molossis of Epirus is located in
Southern Albania. It is most plausible the Alaunt gave rise to the fighting dogs of the Molossi, which were introduced to Britain by
273:
in about 1200 BC, coming from the north. However, their artifacts did not resemble the
Mastiff prototype, as they had a long nose of a narrow type, and a long mane. Varro, however, described a
422:
and were termed the original
Bulldogs as they were used to control and defend herds of cattle. In Spain, the three categories were the Mastins, Alanos, and Lebrels, further separated as the
460:
the Alaunt or mastiff must be separated from the
Molossoides in head study, as this term does not separate the Mastiff from the mountain dogs or even the
316:
of the region. The white-coloured
Alaunts may be the direct ancestors of the Balkan breeds, which in turn influenced all other white dogs in the Balkans.
374:
In France, Alaunts were separated into three main categories, based on physical appearance and the duties they performed. The lightest type was the
969:
858:
1310:
938:
919:
900:
874:
825:
739:
568:
962:
848:
807:
788:
769:
442:
558:
324:
955:
277:
of Epirus which was white, large-headed, and slightly undershot, used to defend sheep and goats. One group of
355:, and other countries. This spread the use of the "Alaunt" name, which became synonymous with a type of a
1300:
537:
300:
invasions divided the Alani into the
Eastern and Western Alans. The Eastern Alani tribes merged with the
978:
508:
28:
947:
238:
1204:
1184:
1169:
1094:
989:
186:
except with short hair and a mesocephalic head which made them excellent large-game hunters, the
147:
1049:
327:. The tomb has a wild boar hunting scene with dogs, possibly the extinct Portuguese Alaunt dog.
313:
183:
1305:
1114:
1084:
1079:
1014:
174:. They all were large, short-coated dogs of varying head-types. The former two resembled the
63:
865:
A dog's history of
America: how our best friend explored, conquered, and settled a continent
1164:
289:
invasion in 43 BC. The Alans provided cavalry for Rome, many of whom were deployed to
8:
1274:
1264:
1179:
1174:
1074:
1054:
1004:
142:
38:
1129:
890:
729:
648:
407:
207:
1019:
934:
915:
896:
870:
863:
844:
837:
821:
803:
784:
765:
735:
564:
290:
199:
1234:
1149:
1109:
1089:
544:
403:
473:
415:
190:
was a large sighthound type. The Alaunt type may have been originally bred by the
1214:
1199:
1189:
1154:
1104:
1009:
708:
488:
127:
1224:
1209:
1144:
1124:
999:
513:
258:
247:
179:
159:
104:
309:
1294:
1279:
1139:
1044:
1034:
478:
339:, and by the 410s AD, their fierce dogs were influencing many breeds in
202:
language. The Alans were known as superb warriors, herdsmen, and breeders of
319:
103:
which came in different forms, with the original possibly having existed in
1269:
1244:
1239:
1219:
1159:
1099:
1024:
431:
387:
286:
108:
85:
883:
Couturier, Casey. "The True
History of the Spanish Conquest of Americas".
781:
The
Mastiffs: The Big Game Hunters - Their History, Development and Future
1259:
1069:
356:
274:
1039:
716:
691:
The
Uncollated Manuscripts of The Master of Game: Towards a New Edition
518:
493:
483:
364:
360:
262:
243:
73:
977:
557:
Ostrander, Elaine A.; Giger, Urs; Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh (2007-04-03).
304:
and other nations, introducing their dogs into the bloodlines of many
1229:
1064:
1029:
498:
379:
368:
301:
195:
131:
123:
891:
Prisco, Andrew de; Johnson, James B.; Johnson, James Burris (1993).
730:
Prisco, Andrew de; Johnson, James B.; Johnson, James Burris (1993).
1249:
456:
348:
215:
703:
597:
452:
399:
352:
332:
305:
282:
223:
219:
175:
1119:
208:
developed different strains within the breed for specific duties
411:
340:
336:
270:
266:
155:
112:
797:
1254:
1194:
1134:
707:
503:
419:
344:
278:
251:
227:
211:
203:
191:
122:, and was renowned primarily for its quality as a large-game
119:
928:
359:
rather than a specific breed. Through breeding with various
620:
Fleig 1996, pp. 18–22 (Varro's description of herding dogs)
834:
1059:
461:
297:
100:
587:
Tillander, G. Cynegetica XVIII Karlshamn 1971 Ch.17 p125
312:, Metchkar, Qen Ghedje, Hellenikos Poimenikos and other
382:-like dog. The original mastiff variety, known as the
556:
638:
Fleig 1996, p. 18 "Today Epirus is part of Albania."
979:Extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types
862:
836:
386:, may have contributed to the development of the
206:and dogs. The Alans bred their dogs for work and
1292:
118:This type of dog may have been developed by the
455:, and may have been a trait introduced by the
963:
693:(PhD diss., Univ. of Washington, 1996) p. 222
818:The Lincoln library of essential information
325:Pedro Afonso of Portugal, Count of Barcelos
970:
956:
27:
798:Jenkins, Robert E.; Mollett, Ken (1997).
909:
820:. Columbus, Ohio: Frontier Press. 1985.
746:(Mastiff is example of scissors reverse)
446:Bocanegra, a portuguese Alaunt dog, 1904
441:
318:
237:
141:
929:Bonnie Wilcox; Chris Walkowicz (1995).
778:
390:and baiting dogs of France. The French
1293:
723:
951:
912:This is the American pit bull terrier
759:
178:-type dogs much like the present-day
1075:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
931:The Atlas of dog breeds of the world
857:
734:. T.F.H. Publications. p. 121.
541:: The Oldest English Book on Hunting
210:. The type was further developed in
194:tribes, the nomads of Indo-European
835:American Kennel Club Staff (1998).
702:
398:in England, famously dramatised by
37:, from 1423 by the Italian painter
13:
14:
1322:
1311:Dog breeds originating in Europe
869:. New York: North Point Press.
843:. New York: Howell Book House.
753:
696:
683:
674:
665:
641:
632:
623:
614:
590:
577:
550:
531:
162:had three distinct types: the
1:
910:Stratton, Richard F. (1976).
800:The Story of the Real Bulldog
430:(offense types), such as the
331:The Western Alans joined the
261:belonged to the tribe of the
406:" as the mythical hounds of
7:
467:
293:in the second century AD.
137:
10:
1327:
783:. Charwynne Dog Features.
509:List of extinct dog breeds
233:
33:Detail of the altarpiece,
985:
79:
69:
59:
45:
26:
21:
524:
426:(defense types) and the
146:Persian Mastiff statue.
1185:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
1170:Old Croatian Sighthound
1095:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
914:. T.F.H. Publications.
895:. T.F.H. Publications.
885:American Bulldog Review
779:Hancock, David (2001).
437:
335:on their raids through
314:livestock guardian dogs
281:arrived in what is now
148:National Museum of Iran
1205:Saint John's water dog
760:Fleig, Dieter (1996).
689:James I. McNelis III,
560:The Dog and Its Genome
447:
432:Perro de presa español
328:
254:
198:ancestry who spoke an
184:Caucasian Shepherd Dog
151:
115:from ancient times.
99:is an extinct type of
1085:English White Terrier
1080:English Water Spaniel
1015:Black and Tan Terrier
839:The complete dog book
445:
322:
296:In the 370s AD,
241:
145:
64:Pontic-Caspian Steppe
35:Adoration of the Magi
1165:North Country Beagle
1050:Córdoba fighting dog
990:African hairless dog
933:. TFH Publications.
802:. TFH Publications.
764:. TFH Publications.
308:breeds, such as the
1275:Tweed Water Spaniel
1265:Toy Trawler Spaniel
1180:Old Spanish Pointer
1175:Old English Bulldog
1055:Cumberland Sheepdog
1005:Argentine polar dog
762:Fighting Dog Breeds
715:. 1290 – via
680:Hancock 2000, p. 22
653:My Albanian studies
392:alants de boucherie
39:Gentile da Fabriano
1301:Extinct dog breeds
1130:Lapponian Shepherd
1115:King's White Hound
539:The Master of Game
448:
396:alauntz o bouchery
384:alant de boucherie
329:
255:
158:, the Alaunt as a
152:
1288:
1287:
1020:Blue Paul Terrier
940:978-0-7938-1284-4
921:978-0-87666-660-9
902:978-0-86622-198-6
876:978-0-86547-631-8
827:978-0-912168-12-8
741:978-0-86622-198-6
710:The Knightes Tale
704:Chaucer, Geoffrey
570:978-0-87969-781-5
93:
92:
1318:
1235:Tahltan Bear Dog
1150:Moscow Water Dog
1110:Hawaiian Poi Dog
1090:Fila da Terceira
972:
965:
958:
949:
948:
944:
925:
906:
880:
868:
854:
842:
831:
813:
794:
775:
747:
745:
727:
721:
720:
714:
700:
694:
687:
681:
678:
672:
669:
663:
662:
660:
659:
645:
639:
636:
630:
629:Atlas 1995 p. 30
627:
621:
618:
612:
611:
609:
608:
602:www.comneton.com
594:
588:
581:
575:
574:
554:
548:
545:Internet Archive
535:
88:
82:
48:
31:
19:
18:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1215:Salish Wool Dog
1200:Russian tracker
1190:Paisley Terrier
1155:Norfolk Spaniel
1105:Hare Indian Dog
1010:Belgian Mastiff
981:
976:
941:
922:
903:
877:
851:
828:
816:
810:
791:
772:
756:
751:
750:
742:
728:
724:
701:
697:
688:
684:
679:
675:
670:
666:
657:
655:
649:"Molossian Dog"
647:
646:
642:
637:
633:
628:
624:
619:
615:
606:
604:
596:
595:
591:
585:Livre de Chasse
582:
578:
571:
555:
551:
536:
532:
527:
470:
440:
236:
168:alant boucherie
140:
84:
80:
54:
52:
46:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:Southern Hound
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Sakhalin Husky
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Alpine Mastiff
997:
992:
986:
983:
982:
975:
974:
967:
960:
952:
946:
945:
939:
926:
920:
907:
901:
893:Canine lexicon
888:
881:
875:
855:
849:
832:
826:
814:
808:
795:
789:
776:
770:
755:
752:
749:
748:
740:
732:Canine lexicon
722:
695:
682:
673:
664:
640:
631:
622:
613:
589:
583:Gaston Phébus
576:
569:
563:. CSHL Press.
549:
529:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
469:
466:
439:
436:
394:were known as
291:Hadrian's Wall
248:Boboli Gardens
242:Molossus dog.
235:
232:
180:Dogo Argentino
139:
136:
105:North Caucasus
91:
90:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
49:
43:
42:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1281:
1280:Welsh Hillman
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:Marquesan Dog
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:Chiribaya Dog
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Bullenbeisser
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
984:
980:
973:
968:
966:
961:
959:
954:
953:
950:
942:
936:
932:
927:
923:
917:
913:
908:
904:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
878:
872:
867:
866:
860:
856:
852:
850:0-87605-047-X
846:
841:
840:
833:
829:
823:
819:
815:
811:
809:0-7938-0491-4
805:
801:
796:
792:
790:0-9527801-2-7
786:
782:
777:
773:
771:0-7938-0499-X
767:
763:
758:
757:
743:
737:
733:
726:
718:
713:
711:
705:
699:
692:
686:
677:
671:Hancock p. 28
668:
654:
650:
644:
635:
626:
617:
603:
599:
593:
586:
580:
572:
566:
562:
561:
553:
546:
543: at the
542:
540:
534:
530:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Bullenbeisser
477:
475:
474:Alano Español
472:
471:
465:
463:
458:
454:
444:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:in Spain and
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:Knight's Tale
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
253:
249:
245:
240:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:alant gentile
169:
165:
164:alant veautre
161:
157:
149:
144:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
87:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
50:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1306:Hunting dogs
1270:Turnspit dog
1245:Talbot Hound
1240:Tahitian Dog
1220:Sleuth hound
1160:Norman Hound
1100:Halls Heeler
1025:Braque Dupuy
994:
930:
911:
892:
887:, Fall 2001.
884:
864:
838:
817:
799:
780:
761:
754:Bibliography
731:
725:
709:
698:
690:
685:
676:
667:
656:. Retrieved
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
605:. Retrieved
601:
592:
584:
579:
559:
552:
538:
533:
449:
427:
423:
395:
391:
383:
376:alant gentil
375:
373:
330:
295:
269:in northern
256:
187:
182:or like the
171:
167:
163:
153:
117:
109:Central Asia
96:
94:
86:domestic dog
70:Breed status
34:
1260:Toy Bulldog
1070:Dogo Cubano
365:sighthounds
361:scenthounds
357:working dog
310:Šarplaninac
275:herding dog
126:, and as a
47:Other names
1295:Categories
1040:Chien-gris
859:Derr, Mark
717:Wikisource
658:2020-02-18
607:2020-02-18
519:Sarabi dog
494:Great Dane
484:Cane Corso
414:, and the
410:, King of
263:Molossians
244:Terracotta
218:, France,
160:crossbreed
1230:Staghound
1065:Dalbo dog
1030:Buckhound
499:Greyhound
457:Mongolian
380:greyhound
369:New World
302:Ossetians
226:, and in
196:Sarmatian
132:guard dog
124:catch dog
16:Dog breed
1250:Techichi
1145:Molossus
1125:Laconian
861:(2004).
598:"Alaunt"
547:(p. 116)
514:Molossus
468:See also
408:Lycurgus
402:in his "
388:fighting
349:Portugal
323:Tomb of
259:Molossus
246:statue.
216:Portugal
138:Features
453:mastiff
400:Chaucer
353:England
333:Vandals
283:Albania
265:, from
234:History
224:England
220:Germany
200:Iranian
188:gentile
176:mastiff
128:war dog
74:Extinct
995:Alaunt
937:
918:
899:
873:
847:
824:
806:
787:
768:
738:
712:
567:
412:Thrace
341:France
337:Europe
306:Balkan
271:Greece
267:Epirus
204:horses
156:France
113:Europe
97:Alaunt
60:Origin
55:Alangu
22:Alaunt
1255:Tesem
1195:Rache
1135:Limer
525:Notes
504:Hound
428:presa
424:ayuda
420:Italy
416:Alano
345:Spain
287:Roman
279:Alans
252:Italy
228:Italy
212:Spain
192:Alani
120:Alans
53:Alano
1120:Kurī
935:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
871:ISBN
845:ISBN
822:ISBN
804:ISBN
785:ISBN
766:ISBN
736:ISBN
565:ISBN
489:Dogo
438:Form
378:, a
363:and
257:The
170:and
130:and
111:and
95:The
51:Alão
1060:Cur
462:pug
371:.
298:Hun
154:In
101:dog
81:Dog
1297::
706:.
651:.
600:.
464:.
434:.
351:,
347:,
343:,
250:,
230:.
222:,
214:,
166:,
134:.
107:,
971:e
964:t
957:v
943:.
924:.
905:.
879:.
853:.
830:.
812:.
793:.
774:.
744:.
719:.
661:.
610:.
573:.
150:.
89:)
83:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.JPG)