360:; a term which includes the UK itself). As the sovereign came to be regarded as monarch of each territory independently, and, as such, advised only by the ministers of each country in regard to that country's national affairs (as opposed to a single British monarch ruling all the Dominions as a conglomerate and advised only by an imperial parliament), so too did the governor-general become a direct representative of the national monarch only, who no longer answered to the British government. The report resulting from the 1926 Imperial Conference stated: "It is an essential consequence of the equality of status existing among the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations that the Governor General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government." These concepts were entrenched in legislation with the enactment of the
135:
1075:
635:) as a personal representative only on the advice of the prime minister of each realm; for example, the governor-general of New Zealand is appointed by the king of New Zealand on the advice of the New Zealand prime minister, the governor-general of Tuvalu is appointed by the king of Tuvalu on the advice of the Tuvaluan prime minister, and the governor-general of Jamaica is appointed by the king of Jamaica on the advice of the Jamaican prime minister. In Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, the prime minister's advice is based on the result of a vote in the national parliament.
463:(to name a few). It should be remembered that while governors-general do not normally take drastic action, he or she still has a responsibility to ensure that the constitution is respected and followed at all times. In many ways, the governor-general acts as an umpire/mediator (who must remain independent/non-partisan and objective) in the political scene. In some realms, the monarch could in principle overrule a governor-general, as governors-general are representatives of the monarch rather than holding power in their own right, but this has not happened in recent times.
845:
683:
649:
668:
1029:
914:
1098:
822:
1006:
1052:
983:
868:
1982:, the first three of which were then grouped anew into a new Governorate-General of Macedonia, albeit still subject to the Governorate-General of Northern Greece. This awkward arrangement lasted until 1950, when the administration of Macedonia was streamlined, the junior governorates abolished and only the Governorate-General of Northern Greece retained. Finally, in 1955, the Governorate-General of Northern Greece was transformed into the
960:
937:
271:. In these cases, the former office of colonial governor was altered (sometimes for the same incumbent) to become governor-general upon independence, as the nature of the office became an entirely independent constitutional representative of the monarch rather than a symbol of previous colonial rule. In these countries the governor-general acts as the monarch's representative, performing the ceremonial and constitutional functions of a
38:
1121:
891:
706:
2858:
1963:
re-established in
December 1929âfor Crete, Epirus, Thrace, and Macedoniaâand delegated practically all ministerial authorities for their respective areas. Over the next decade, however, in a see-saw of legislative measures that in turn gave and took away authority, they gradually lost most of their powers in favour of the prefectures and the central government in Athens.
734:. Also dissimilar among the realms are the powers of governors-general. The Belizean constitution provides the governor-general with the power to assent or to withhold assent to laws, while Papua New Guinea has no requirement for royal assent at all, with laws entering into force when certified as having been passed in Parliament by the Speaker.
611:, an Australian) prevail over the recommendation of the British government. The convention was gradually established throughout the Commonwealth that the governor-general would be a citizen of the country concerned, and would be appointed on the advice of the government of that country, with no input from the British government;
416:
At diplomatic functions where the governor-general is present, the visiting diplomat or head of state toasts "The King" or "The Queen" of the relevant realm, not the governor-general, with any reference to the governor-general being subsidiary in later toasts if featuring at all, and will involve a
335:
The governor-general was also usually the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in his or her territory and, because of the governor-general's control of the military, the post was as much a military appointment as a civil one. The governors-general are entitled to wear a unique uniform, which is
322:
Until the 1920s, governors-general were
British subjects, appointed on the advice of the British government, who acted as agents of the British government in each Dominion, as well as being representatives of the monarch. As such they notionally held the prerogative powers of the monarch, and also
725:
The formalities for appointing governors-general are not the same in all realms. For example: When appointed, a governor-general of
Australia issues a proclamation in his own name, countersigned by the head of government and under the Great Seal of Australia, formally announcing that he has been
371:
In other words, the political reality of a self-governing
Dominion within the British Empire with a governor-general answerable to the sovereign became clear. British interference in the Dominion was not acceptable and independent country status was clearly displayed. Canada, Australia, and New
1962:
in 1922). The extensive but hitherto legally rather undefined powers of the governors-general created friction and confusion with other government branches, until their remit was exactly delineated in 1925. The governorates-general, except for that of
Thessaloniki, were abolished in 1928, but
478:
A governor-general is usually a person with a distinguished record of public service, often a retired politician, judge or military commander; however, some countries have also appointed prominent academics, members of the clergy, philanthropists, or figures from the news media to the office.
428:
of the national prime minister (who is head of the nation's government). The governors-general are still the local representatives of the sovereign and perform the same duties as they carried out historically, though their role is for the most part ceremonial (or partly ceremonial). Rare and
1941:
Law 524 in 1914 abolished the governorates-general and divided the New Lands into regular prefectures, but in 1918 Law 1149 re-instated them as a superordinate administrative level above the prefectures, with
Macedonia now divided in two governorates-general, those of Thessaloniki and
466:
In
Australia, the present king is generally assumed to be the head of state, since the governor-general and the state governors are defined as his "representatives". However, since the governor-general performs almost all national regal functions, the governor-general has occasionally
308:
331:
from legislation; history shows many examples of governors-general using their prerogative and executive powers. The monarch or imperial government could overrule any governor-general, though this could often be cumbersome, due to the remoteness of the territories from London.
2906:
631:, were established, was always law, and no government of any realm can advise the Monarch on any matter pertaining to another realm, including the appointment of a governor-general. The monarch appoints a governor-general (in Canada:
482:
Traditionally, the governor-general's official attire was a unique uniform, but this practice has been abandoned except on occasions when it is appropriate to be worn (and in some countries abandoned altogether). In South Africa, the
758:
may be appointed to perform the necessary official functions, pending a decision by the sovereign, on the advice of the prime minister, about a permanent replacement as governor-general. The administrator has usually been the senior
400:
to the monarch in right of his or her own country. Executive authority is also vested in the monarch, though much of it can be exercisable only by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign of the independent realm.
2899:
767:. Cases have however occurred where a state governor has fallen out of favour with the federal government, causing the latter to revoke that governor's dormant commission. The most recent example was that of Sir
726:
appointed by the monarch's commission, previously issued also under the Great Seal of
Australia. The practice in Canada is to include in the governor general's proclamation of appointment, issued under the
1926:, the Ottoman administrative system continued in existence for a while, and Law ÎÎĄÎÎÎ of 1913 established five governorates-general (ÎΔΜÎčÎșα᜶ ÎÎčÎżÎčÎșÎźÏΔÎčÏ, sing. ÎΔΜÎčÎșÎź ÎÎčοίÎșηÏÎčÏ): Epirus, Macedonia, Crete,
417:
toast to the governor-general by name, not office. (e.g., "Mrs. Smith", not "Her
Excellency, the Governor-General". Sometimes a toast might be made using name and office, e.g., "Governor-General Smith".)
2892:
2073:
388:
and only acts on the advice of the ministers in each country and is ostensibly in no way influenced by the
British government. Today, therefore, in former British colonies that are now independent
1448:
1747:. This title was only used for the governors of the major colonies, indicating that they had, under their authority, several subordinate governors. In most of the colonies, lower titles, mainly
1154:
The title has been used in many former British colonies or other territories, which became independent realms and then later became republics. Each of these realms had a governor-general.
1806:, while these territories were united in a single province. Between 1921 and 1930, additional powers were given to some of the Angola and Mozambique governors, who were restyled in full
2237:) who ruled in the name of the emperor from 1185 until 1868 were equivalent to governors-general, though they often had far greater power than a governor-general would ordinarily have.
583:
748:
Different realms have different constitutional arrangements governing who acts in place of the governor-general in the event of his or her death, resignation, or incapacity.
3249:
2096:
2404:
1199:
1874:
1950:. The governors-general of Thessaloniki, Crete and Epirus were also given ministerial rank. To these was added the Governorate-General of Thrace in 1920â22, comprising
1721:. Between the capitulation of the Dutch East Indies in 1942 and the formal end of colonial rule over Indonesia by the Dutch in 1949, no governor-general was appointed.
1922:
and the islands of the eastern Aegean), almost doubling the country's territory. Instead of fully incorporating these new lands into Greece by dividing them into
1825:
The Philippines from the 16th through the 20th century had a series of governors-general during the Spanish and American colonial periods, as well as the brief
2915:
1143:
3371:
2400:
1595:
nominally re-established under joint French-Saxon protectorate 8 October 1812 â 20 December 1812) : Jacques David Martin, baron de Campredon (1761â1837)
2995:
1478:
was the vice-regal post in New France from 1663 until 1760 and was the last French vice-regal post. It was replaced by the British post of governor of the
1085:
3209:
2740:
1193:
1242:
3204:
3095:
654:
3356:
2372:
1283:
623:
its constitution from the UK, the convention has become law, or, since 1947, when the first realms established with a patriated constitution,
396:
of the monarch according to their own constitutional authority. The governor-general, however, is still appointed by the monarch and takes an
2632:
2444:
2377:
1215:
484:
205:
3301:
2700:
421:
3110:
172:), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as
3366:
3346:
252:. The first exception to this rule was New Zealand, which was granted Dominion status in 1907, but it was not until 28 June 1917 that
3417:
2985:
1783:). The viceroy title was usually reserved for members of the Portuguese royal family, the remaining governors receiving the title of
1709:
1039:
3376:
3331:
3311:
282:, which has no connection with any monarchy or the Commonwealth. In Iran, the provincial authority is headed by a governor general (
3321:
3254:
2396:
1339:
711:
590:
506:
456:
3326:
3306:
1455:, was used to coordinate that colony, the other French settlements in Oceania and the other governors of French Indochina and the
1286:(1958â1962) (Although the position was called governor-general, the federation was neither a dominion nor an independent country.)
336:
not generally worn today. If of the rank of major general, equivalent or above, they were entitled to wear that military uniform.
3080:
2940:
2426:
1938:. The governors-general had wide-ranging authority in their territories, and were almost autonomous of the government in Athens.
1890:
1301:
832:
2514:
In Canada the title "Governor General" is always used unhyphenated. In Australia and New Zealand, the term is always hyphenated.
1584:(various others got "mere" governors), two incumbents between 27 October 1806 and 10 December 1808, during the French occupation
3214:
3171:
2309:
1826:
433:
253:
102:
2613:
1995:
74:
2151:
1490:
had their own governors, the governor-general of New France and the governor of the district of Quebec were the same person.
352:
in 1926, the role and responsibilities of the governor-general began to shift, reflecting the increased independence of the
3090:
2980:
2412:
1016:
3120:
3000:
2330:
1886:
1846:
1820:
1394:
1108:
324:
81:
3100:
3024:
2862:
2388:
1692:
760:
448:
2884:
1645:
3 March 1809 â 1 February 1814 Elisa Baciocchi Bonaparte (with courtesy style of Grand Duchess of Tuscany) (1777â1820)
607:
prime minister to advise the monarch directly on the appointment of a governor-general, by insisting that his choice (
392:, the governor-general is constitutionally the representative of the monarch in his or her state and may exercise the
2786:
599:
Following the changes to the structure of the Commonwealth in the late 1920s, in 1929, the Australian prime minister
323:
held the executive power of the country to which they were assigned. The governor-general could be instructed by the
311:
121:
55:
1411:(though various members of the nobility since 1640 had assumed, without sovereign authority, the title of Viceroy).
3361:
3224:
2436:
1724:
While in the Caribbean, various other titles were used, Curaçao had three governors-general between 1816 and 1820:
1209:
1080:
688:
468:
451:
against the prime minister and then the Constituent Assembly; and in 1975, when the governor-general of Australia,
17:
1970:, in 1945 the Governorate-General of Northern Greece was established, initially with subordinate governorates for
420:
Except in rare cases (for example, a constitutional crisis), the governor-general usually acts in accordance with
88:
3166:
3148:
3143:
3085:
2990:
2975:
2950:
2383:
2304:
1062:
993:
878:
743:
616:
257:
150:
1541:
shortly maintained the title after the January I, 1804 independence before proclaiming himself Emperor Jacques I
134:
3219:
3105:
3075:
2185:
2101:
1221:
1163:
59:
2749:
3397:
3341:
3176:
3115:
3057:
2945:
2688:
2478:
2408:
2177:
1428:
1398:
1187:
855:
696:
491:
146:
70:
3402:
3351:
3286:
3186:
3067:
2835:
2474:
2440:
2418:
1326:
1289:
452:
1560:, i.e. commissioner general) to 4 April 1957 (the last stayed on as first of three high commissioners) in
494:
government chose not to wear uniform on any occasion. Most governors-general continue to wear appropriate
3042:
3032:
2970:
2965:
2432:
2358:
2317:, the name of the official residences of governors-general in the British Commonwealth (past and present)
2037:
2008:
1983:
1858:
970:
947:
561:
475:
as to which officeholderâthe monarch, the governor-general, or bothâcan be considered the head of state.
440:
361:
291:
596:
Until the 1920s, governors general were British, and appointed on the advice of the British Government.
3407:
3291:
3005:
2960:
2955:
2828:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2422:
2248:
2244:
1680:
1676:
1314:
1295:
1227:
1181:
1131:
924:
901:
673:
612:
430:
315:
201:
532:
In most Commonwealth realms, the flag of the governor-general has been the standard pattern of a blue
228:. Before World War I, the title was used only in federated colonies in which its constituents had had
3336:
3316:
2549:
2484:
2470:
2460:
2456:
2263:
2259:
1979:
1967:
1764:
1688:
1684:
1345:
1320:
1175:
1169:
753:
472:
197:
3296:
3244:
3138:
2490:
2113:
28 October 1813 â 8 November 1814 Prince Nikolay Grigorievich Repnin-Volkonsky (Russia) (1778â1845)
1850:
1561:
1557:
1358:
437:
349:
2770:
2640:
1591:
under the French occupation (from 1 August 1812, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and District of
1273:. The country became an independent republic within the Commonwealth as Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.
364:
in 1931, and governmental relations with the United Kingdom were placed in the hands of a British
3412:
2816:
1714:
1538:
510:
443:
request for a dissolution of parliament; in 1953 and 1954 when the governor-general of Pakistan,
425:
48:
2708:
318:
from 1935 to 1940. The uniform shown here was the unique ceremonial dress for a governor general
3234:
3037:
2041:
1506:
1499:
Gouverneur de Pondichéry et commandant général des établissements français aux Indes orientales
1790:
in Africa, from 1837 Portugal appointed a governor-general to govern the overseas province of
95:
3229:
2874:
2527:
is still the official title in French in Canada, but refers to the British-instituted office.
1923:
1799:
1795:
1456:
1270:
1034:
586:
526:
444:
241:
3239:
3194:
3130:
3052:
3047:
2878:
2354:
1959:
1601:
under occupation, (after a commissioner) 15 February 1804 â 23 July 1808, later annexed as
727:
628:
372:
Zealand were clearly not controlled by the United Kingdom. The monarch of these countries (
220:
In modern usage, in the context of governors-general and former British colonies, the term
8:
3199:
2929:
2340:
2012:
1842:
1520:
827:
409:
are in some realms received or issued in the name of the monarch, but in others (such as
402:
385:
345:
1572:
Furthermore, in Napoleonic Europe successive French governors-general were appointed by
1265:(1905â1978). Dupont served in the post until 2 March 1970, when Rhodesia was declared a
3158:
2914:
2064:
2001:
1915:
1878:
1651:
1598:
1545:
1523:
to 14 July 1767) from 4 June 1735 (succeeding to governors), and after its split-up of
1479:
782:
764:
397:
389:
327:
on the exercise of some of his functions and duties, such as the use or withholding of
268:
185:
2869:
2045:
1666:
and Italy), annexed as part of the French Empire proper, 14 October 1809 â August 1813
522:
471:
in political and media discussion. To a lesser extent, uncertainty has been expressed
188:). Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial
2609:
2335:
2325:
2281:
2226:
2213:
2172:
2088:
1975:
1803:
1791:
1632:
1628:
1565:
1517:
1513:
1468:
1432:
624:
406:
381:
365:
1487:
730:, the monarch's commission naming the governor general as commander-in-chief of the
667:
2663:
2314:
2285:
2144:
2137:, the Austrian-Hungarian government appointed three consecutive governors-general:
1564:(AEF); during several periods he also acted as governor of the constitutive colony
1464:
1011:
682:
648:
533:
283:
209:
540:(a lion standing on a crown) above a scroll with the name of the jurisdiction. In
3268:
2601:
2212:) was the highest official of joint military and civil affairs in one or several
2130:
2092:
2077:
1927:
1911:
1494:
1404:
1262:
1246:
1103:
731:
545:
193:
181:
1548:(AOF), until 4 April 1957; the last stayed on as first of two high commissioners
1257:
as "Queen of Rhodesia", but refused to recognise the authority of her governor,
2367:
2203:
1971:
1955:
1951:
1642:
May 1808 â 3 March 1809 Jacques François de Boussay, baron de Menou (1750â1810)
1258:
658:
560:'s tooth. In New Zealand, the flag was replaced in 2008 with the shield of the
544:, however, this was replaced with a crowned lion clasping a maple leaf. In the
377:
278:
The only other nation which currently uses the governor-general designation is
225:
189:
177:
2794:
3391:
1752:
1696:
1452:
1382:
1376:
775:
600:
460:
393:
272:
267:
has been given to all representatives of the sovereign in independent non-UK
1261:, whose duties were performed by an "officer administering the government",
2606:
Constitutional Conventions and the Headship of State: Australian Experience
2167:
2049:
1830:
1502:
1460:
1254:
768:
715:
608:
549:
514:
328:
224:
originated in those British colonies that became self-governing within the
138:
1493:
From 1699 to 1947, the French appointed a governor and general commander (
2140:
1 January 1916 â July 1916 Johan Ulrich Graf von Salis-Seewis (1862â1940)
2134:
1986:, and all other governorates-general elsewhere in Greece were abolished.
1907:
1882:
1581:
1408:
1057:
988:
873:
537:
373:
142:
574:. This style is also extended to their spouses, whether male or female.
2107:
2068:
2016:
1573:
1551:
1528:
1475:
1142:
For a list of current governors-general in Commonwealth countries, see
570:
2575:
1910:
of 1912â13 led to the Greek acquisition of the so-called "New Lands" (
791:, who act in their placeâbut often e.g. only for temporary incapacity.
2363:
2053:
1718:
1524:
1250:
850:
488:
413:
and Australia) are issued in the name of the governor-general alone.
237:
2837:
Papua New Guinea's Constitution of 1975 with Amendments through 2016
2221:
1407:, after a few governors, from 1578 until its promotion in 1763 to a
1206:, the federation was neither a dominion nor an independent country.)
676:, son of the Duke of Connaught, was Governor-General of South Africa
192:
or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as
37:
2916:
Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and dominions
2320:
2117:
2116:
8 November 1814 â 8 June 1815 Eberhard Friedrich Christoph Ludwig,
1659:
1617:
1588:
1483:
1444:
1266:
1238:
1234:
692:
620:
604:
353:
245:
2020:
2345:
1947:
1780:
1663:
1655:
1636:
1624:
1606:
1436:
965:
942:
184:
over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK
173:
705:
529:, did not reside there. The office was abolished there in 1936.
2857:
2193:
2126:
2060:
2033:
2004:
1943:
1935:
1854:
1798:. For some time, a governor-general was also appointed to rule
1592:
1126:
919:
896:
541:
518:
410:
307:
233:
2633:"Ambassador: Paris for Further Cultural Cooperation with Iran"
525:
sought to downgrade the office and the last governor-general,
244:. In these cases, the Crown's representative in the federated
2350:
1931:
1919:
1862:
1534:
557:
495:
2405:
Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1200:
Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
795:
774:
In the Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, and New Zealand, it is the
582:
501:
The governor-general's official residence is usually called
2275:
2154:(1854â1924; a former military commander in northern Serbia)
1610:
1440:
553:
279:
2818:
Belize's Constitution of 1981 with Amendments through 2011
2701:"Letter from the Queen's Private Secretary to the Speaker"
1269:(an act also unrecognised internationally), and he became
781:
In Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu it is the
1772:
1482:
following the fall of New France. While the districts of
2729:
Constitution, s 2; Australia Act 1986 (Cth and UK), s 7.
763:. Each state governor normally holds what is known as a
1775:) the style was changed repeatedly for another, mostly
2809:
2284:
authority is headed by an appointed governor-general (
2082:
Generalgouverneur fĂŒr die besetzten polnischen Gebiete
1144:
List of current viceregal representatives of the Crown
718:, was Governor General of both Canada and South Africa
2554:
The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia
2401:
Governor-General of the Federation of the West Indies
1889:, first military and then civilian, appointed by the
1086:
Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2059:From 1939 to 1944, during the German occupation of
2019:and in northern Germany, but occasionally also for
1861:in 1821, the governor-general reported directly to
1365:
619:since 1967. Since 1931 as each former Dominion has
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
297:
2791:Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia
2775:. 22 March 2006 – via Justice Laws Website.
2084:â Governor-General of the occupied Polish areas).
1245:in 1965, unrecognised by the United Kingdom. The
3389:
2417:Some former Commonwealth realms in the Americas
1537:January 1714 â 31 December 1803; last incumbent
556:, the former governor general's flag featured a
429:controversial exceptions occurred in 1926, when
2091:had two governors-general during the period of
2373:Representatives of the Commonwealth of Nations
1451:, from 22 March 1907 held by the governors of
1284:Governor-General of the West Indies Federation
1202:(1953â1963) (Although the position was called
2900:
2445:Governor-General of the Union of South Africa
2063:, in that part of the country designated the
2052:and other Governors-General in various other
1527:(RĂ©union and the Seychelles got lower-styled
1216:Governor-General of the Union of South Africa
485:governor-general of the Union of South Africa
3250:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3245:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
567:Governors-general are accorded the style of
548:, the scroll was replaced with a two-headed
2489:Some former Commonwealth realms in Oceania
2431:Some former Commonwealth realms in Africa:
1731:1819â1820 Petrus Bernardus van Starkenborgh
1620:May 1806 â 1811: Adolphe Beauvais (d. 1811)
2907:
2893:
2755:on 22 December 2014 – via gg.gov.au.
2483:Some former Commonwealth realms in Europe
1241:), a unique situation arose following the
2378:Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6â135)
1810:(high commissioner and governor-general).
1427:From 1887 to 1945 the French appointed a
1040:Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
796:List of countries with a governor-general
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2935:
2600:
2469:Some former Commonwealth realms in Asia
2397:Governor-General of the Irish Free State
1794:, and another to govern the province of
1707:From 1610 to 1942 the Dutch appointed a
1340:Governor-General of the Irish Free State
737:
641:Governors-general who were royal princes
591:Governor-General of the Irish Free State
581:
507:governor-general of the Irish Free State
306:
153:respectively, with their spouses in 2021
133:
2764:
2762:
2496:
2427:Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago
2208:
2145:Adolf Freiherr von Rhemen zu Barensfeld
2106:after the defeat of the French emperor
1556:From 28 June 1908 (previously it had a
1302:Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago
833:Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda
564:surmounted by a crown on a blue field.
14:
3390:
2687:In particular, see the history of the
2627:
2625:
2152:Hermann Freiherr Kövess von Kövesshåza
1896:
1734:1820 IsaÀk Johannes Rammelman Elsevier
1544:Since its creation on 16 June 1895 in
1531:or governors), until 25 September 1803
1449:high commissioner in the Pacific Ocean
1243:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
810:
807:
339:
254:Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
2888:
2661:
2160:
1996:Governor-General in the Swedish Realm
1743:The equivalent word in Portuguese is
469:been referred to as the head of state
2759:
2413:Governor-General of French Indochina
1627:, two incumbents, over prefects for
1017:Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
2622:
2331:Governor-General of the Philippines
2120:von der Recke (Prussia) (1744â1826)
1821:Governor-General of the Philippines
1713:("governor-general") to govern the
1395:List of governors-general of Brazil
1109:Governor-General of Solomon Islands
24:
2843:– via constituteproject.org.
2824:– via constituteproject.org.
2550:"The Role of the Governor-General"
2389:List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
1808:Alto-comissĂĄrio e governador-geral
1423:, used in the following colonies:
771:, governor of Queensland, in 1975.
25:
3429:
2851:
2639:. 21 October 2007. Archived from
2395:Some defunct political entities:
2262:was administered by the Japanese
2247:was administered by the Japanese
1691:. From 1905 to 1910, Japan had a
1419:The equivalent term in French is
755:administrator of the Commonwealth
498:on their clothing when required.
302:
3418:Governance of the British Empire
3269:United Kingdom lieutenancy areas
2996:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2856:
2437:Governor-General of Sierra Leone
2071:had the title Governor-General (
1891:United States federal government
1885:was administered by a series of
1868:
1841:Beginning 21 November 1564, the
1366:Other colonial and similar usage
1210:Governor-General of Sierra Leone
1119:
1096:
1081:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1073:
1050:
1027:
1004:
981:
958:
935:
912:
889:
866:
843:
820:
704:
681:
666:
661:, was Governor General of Canada
647:
348:, and subsequent issuing of the
248:was given the superior title of
36:
3264:Other viceregal representatives
2779:
2732:
2517:
2384:List of Roman governors of Asia
2305:Administrator of the government
2150:October 1918 â 1 November 1918
1063:Governor-General of Saint Lucia
994:Governor-General of New Zealand
879:Governor-General of the Bahamas
787:Many have a specific office of
744:Administrator of the government
617:governor-general of New Zealand
298:British Empire and Commonwealth
258:governor-general of New Zealand
215:
47:needs additional citations for
3210:British Indian Ocean Territory
3131:Realm of New Zealand countries
2723:
2693:
2681:
2655:
2593:
2567:
2541:
2508:
2366:, governor-generalship in the
2198:
2189:
2181:
1966:Following liberation from the
1814:
1702:
1222:Governor-General of Tanganyika
1164:Governor-General of the Gambia
577:
176:to represent the monarch of a
13:
1:
3068:Canadian lieutenant governors
2689:Governor General of Australia
2534:
2479:Governor-General of Sri Lanka
2409:Governor of Southern Rhodesia
2170:China, a governor-general or
1399:Governorate General of Brazil
1188:Governor-General of Mauritius
856:Governor-General of Australia
697:Governor General of Australia
27:Vice-regal or colonial office
3187:British Overseas Territories
2875:National Museum of Australia
2742:Proclamatrion, 28 March 2014
2637:Islamic Republic News Agency
2475:Governor-General of Pakistan
2441:Governor-General of Tanzania
2419:Governor-General of Barbados
2038:governors-general of Finland
1677:Japanese-administered Taiwan
1327:Governor-General of Pakistan
1290:Governor-General of Barbados
457:dismissed the prime minister
356:(which were in 1952 renamed
232:prior to federating, namely
7:
3205:British Antarctic Territory
2772:Proclamation, February 1995
2433:Governor-General of Nigeria
2298:
2097:Generalgouvernement Sachsen
2046:Governors-General of Poland
2015:on the eastern side of the
2009:governors-general of Sweden
1984:Ministry of Northern Greece
1958:(returned to Turkey in the
1859:Mexican War of Independence
1738:
1685:Japanese-administered Korea
1662:and even adjacent parts of
1194:Governor-General of Nigeria
971:Governor-General of Jamaica
948:Governor-General of Grenada
603:established the right of a
562:coat of arms of New Zealand
290:), who is appointed by the
263:Since the 1950s, the title
145:, the governors-general of
10:
3434:
3025:Australian state governors
2465:Governor-General of Malawi
2453:Governor-General of Gambia
2449:Governor-General of Uganda
2423:Governor-General of Guyana
2249:governor-general of Taiwan
1993:
1980:East Macedonia, and Thrace
1818:
1392:
1370:
1315:Governor-General of Ceylon
1296:Governor-General of Guyana
1228:Governor-General of Uganda
1182:Governor-General of Malawi
1141:
1132:Governor-General of Tuvalu
925:Governor General of Canada
902:Governor-General of Belize
800:
741:
674:Prince Arthur of Connaught
613:governor general of Canada
316:Governor General of Canada
256:, was appointed the first
3279:
3263:
3185:
3157:
3129:
3096:Newfoundland and Labrador
3066:
3023:
3016:
2922:
2787:"Governor-General's Role"
2485:Governor-General of Malta
2471:Governor-General of India
2461:Governor-General of Ghana
2457:Governor-General of Kenya
2264:governor-general of Korea
2230:
2143:July 1916 â October 1918
2125:During the occupation of
1989:
1901:
1765:Portuguese State of India
1512:Governors-general of the
1471:were subordinated to him.
1414:
1388:
1346:Governor-General of Malta
1321:Governor-General of India
1176:Governor-General of Kenya
1170:Governor-General of Ghana
1149:
813:
434:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
431:Canadian governor general
422:constitutional convention
3255:Turks and Caicos Islands
2501:
2491:Governor-General of Fiji
2276:Islamic Republic of Iran
2133:and Bulgarian forces in
2026:
2007:typically appointed the
1873:From 1899 to 1935 under
1836:
1728:1816â1819 Albert Kikkert
1670:
1562:French Equatorial Africa
1474:The governor-general of
1359:Governor-General of Fiji
521:, but the government of
292:minister of the interior
2664:"Canadian Independence"
2000:From 1636 to 1815, the
1857:. After the successful
1751:(governor) or formerly
1715:Netherlands East Indies
1539:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1447:); the function of the
789:deputy governor-general
3215:British Virgin Islands
2662:Heard, Andrew (1990).
2576:"The Governor-General"
2166:From 1644 to 1911, in
2081:
2042:Grand Duchy of Finland
1849:, which was under the
1516:(under control of the
1498:
1457:resident commissioners
689:The Duke of Gloucester
593:
362:Statute of Westminster
319:
154:
2986:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2865:at Wikimedia Commons
2357:; territories of the
2310:Administrator General
1875:initial military rule
1683:. From 1910 to 1945,
1580:the German states of
1035:Saint Kitts and Nevis
738:Temporary replacement
655:The Duke of Connaught
585:
527:Domhnall Ua Buachalla
310:
242:Union of South Africa
137:
3398:Gubernatorial titles
3111:Prince Edward Island
2930:Counsellors of State
2705:whitlamdismissal.com
2497:Notes and references
2355:Netherlands Antilles
2054:governorates-general
1960:Armistice of Mudanya
1851:Viceroy of New Spain
1654:(comprising present
728:Great Seal of Canada
509:resided in the then
56:improve this article
3403:Commonwealth realms
3372:Trinidad and Tobago
2941:Antigua and Barbuda
2877:Governor-General's
2341:Lieutenant governor
2258:From 1910 to 1945,
2243:From 1895 to 1945,
2186:traditional Chinese
1897:Other Western usage
1843:Spanish East Indies
1827:Japanese occupation
1710:gouverneur-generaal
1675:From 1895 to 1945,
1558:Commissaire général
1521:Compagnie des Indes
828:Antigua and Barbuda
808:Commonwealth realm
712:The Earl of Athlone
449:constitutional coup
403:Letters of credence
390:Commonwealth realms
386:King of New Zealand
350:Balfour Declaration
346:Imperial Conference
340:Commonwealth realms
269:Commonwealth realms
3159:Crown Dependencies
2711:on 12 January 2006
2643:on 23 October 2007
2525:Gouverneur général
2178:simplified Chinese
2161:Asian counterparts
2131:Austrian-Hungarian
2067:the Nazi official
2065:General Government
2032:From 1809 to 1918
1879:Insular Government
1785:governador-general
1652:Illyrian provinces
1599:Parma and Piacenza
1546:French West Africa
1480:Province of Quebec
1421:gouverneur général
1259:Sir Humphrey Gibbs
765:dormant commission
594:
398:oath of allegiance
325:colonial secretary
320:
186:Commonwealth realm
155:
71:"Governor-general"
3408:Governors-general
3385:
3384:
3275:
3274:
3058:Western Australia
2936:Governors-general
2863:Governors-General
2861:Media related to
2615:978-1-925501-15-5
2380:(Roman governors)
2336:High commissioner
2326:Governor-in-chief
2266:(Japanese: æéźźç·çŁ,
2251:(Japanese: ć°æčŸç·çŁ,
2089:Kingdom of Saxony
2013:Swedish Dominions
1976:Central Macedonia
1887:governors-general
1804:Portuguese Guinea
1566:Congo Brazzaville
1514:Mascarene Islands
1469:Wallis and Futuna
1433:French Indo-China
1140:
1139:
752:In Australia, an
503:Government House.
487:nominated by the
407:letters of recall
382:King of Australia
368:in each country.
366:High Commissioner
170:governors general
162:governors-general
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3425:
3322:Irish Free State
3225:Falkland Islands
3081:British Columbia
3021:
3020:
2981:Papua New Guinea
2932:(United Kingdom)
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2860:
2845:
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2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2797:on 11 April 2019
2793:. Archived from
2783:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2748:. Archived from
2747:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2707:. Archived from
2697:
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2608:. Connor Court.
2602:Markwell, Donald
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2521:
2515:
2512:
2315:Government House
2240:Imperial Japan:
2235:sei-i tai-shĆgun
2232:
2210:
2200:
2191:
2183:
2105:
2076:
1847:governor-general
1745:governador-geral
1693:resident-general
1689:governor-general
1681:governor-general
1616:principality of
1501:) to administer
1429:governor-general
1204:governor-general
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1012:Papua New Guinea
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708:
685:
670:
651:
633:governor general
552:motif, while in
441:Mackenzie King's
265:governor-general
250:governor-general
222:governor-general
166:governor general
158:Governor-general
143:Dame Patsy Reddy
127:
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107:
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64:
40:
32:
21:
18:Governor general
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3043:South Australia
3033:New South Wales
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3001:Solomon Islands
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2499:
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2219:The hereditary
2163:
2099:
2095:control of the
2072:
2029:
1998:
1992:
1968:Axis occupation
1904:
1899:
1871:
1839:
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1769:Estado da Ăndia
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1705:
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1393:Main articles:
1391:
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1278:In the Americas
1263:Clifford Dupont
1247:Rhodesian Front
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642:
615:since 1952 and
580:
546:Solomon Islands
523:Ăamon de Valera
511:Viceregal Lodge
445:Ghulam Mohammad
342:
312:Lord Tweedsmuir
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182:sovereign state
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458:
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453:Sir John Kerr
450:
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424:and upon the
423:
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61:
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45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
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3362:South Africa
3357:Sierra Leone
3139:Cook Islands
3121:Saskatchewan
3017:Sub-national
2879:despatch box
2855:
2836:
2830:
2817:
2811:
2799:. Retrieved
2795:the original
2790:
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2050:Vistula Land
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1940:
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1840:
1831:World War II
1824:
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1708:
1706:
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1633:Méditerranée
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1461:New Hebrides
1420:
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1255:Elizabeth II
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500:
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370:
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329:royal assent
321:
287:
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264:
262:
249:
229:
221:
219:
216:Current uses
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
139:David Hurley
118:
109:
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92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3172:Isle of Man
3101:Nova Scotia
2991:Saint Lucia
2976:New Zealand
2881:(1937â1952)
2715:15 February
2599:See, e.g.,
2147:(1855â1932)
2135:World War I
2100: [
2036:designated
1924:prefectures
1908:Balkan Wars
1883:Philippines
1815:Philippines
1757:capitĂŁo-mor
1703:Netherlands
1603:département
1582:Brandenburg
1529:commandants
1505:(including
1409:viceroyalty
1361:(1970â1987)
1348:(1964â1974)
1342:(1922â1936)
1329:(1947â1956)
1323:(1833â1950)
1317:(1948â1972)
1304:(1962â1976)
1298:(1966â1970)
1292:(1966â2021)
1253:recognised
1230:(1962â1963)
1224:(1961â1962)
1218:(1910â1961)
1212:(1961â1971)
1196:(1960â1963)
1190:(1968â1992)
1184:(1964â1966)
1178:(1963â1964)
1172:(1957â1960)
1166:(1965â1970)
1058:Saint Lucia
989:New Zealand
874:The Bahamas
578:Appointment
538:royal crest
492:Nationalist
447:, staged a
374:Charles III
286:: ۧ۳ŰȘۧÙۯۧ۱
151:New Zealand
3392:Categories
3367:Tanganyika
3302:The Gambia
3235:Montserrat
3038:Queensland
2801:27 January
2647:21 October
2580:gg.govt.nz
2535:References
2282:provincial
2225:of Japan (
2204:WadeâGiles
2108:Napoleon I
2069:Hans Frank
2017:Baltic Sea
1800:Cape Verde
1796:Moçambique
1771:, capital
1749:governador
1574:Napoleon I
1552:Madagascar
1507:Pondichéry
1476:New France
1431:to govern
1353:In Oceania
716:Queen Mary
571:Excellency
240:, and the
112:March 2015
82:newspapers
3342:Mauritius
3230:Gibraltar
2946:Australia
2673:25 August
2523:The term
2364:Guberniya
2214:provinces
2074:âčSee Tfdâș
1916:Macedonia
1853:based in
1719:Indonesia
1605:under a "
1525:Mauritius
1518:chartered
1465:residents
1334:In Europe
1271:president
1251:Ian Smith
1158:In Africa
851:Australia
657:, son of
621:patriated
587:Tim Healy
536:with the
489:Afrikaner
473:in Canada
354:Dominions
238:Australia
230:governors
210:Indochina
147:Australia
3352:Pakistan
3287:Barbados
3240:Pitcairn
3195:Anguilla
3167:Guernsey
3086:Manitoba
3053:Victoria
3048:Tasmania
2923:National
2604:(2016).
2353:and the
2321:Governor
2299:See also
2290:ostÄndÄr
2227:Japanese
2209:Tsung-tu
2118:Freiherr
2011:for the
1777:vice-rei
1739:Portugal
1660:Slovenia
1623:annexed
1618:Piombino
1589:Courland
1484:Montreal
1463:and the
1445:Cambodia
1267:republic
1239:Zimbabwe
1235:Rhodesia
811:Article
693:George V
629:Pakistan
605:Dominion
589:, first
569:His/Her
436:refused
288:ostÄndÄr
246:Dominion
168:(plural
160:(plural
3347:Nigeria
3200:Bermuda
3149:Tokelau
3106:Ontario
3076:Alberta
2971:Jamaica
2966:Grenada
2951:Bahamas
2668:POL-324
2585:4 April
2559:4 April
2346:Viceroy
2286:Persian
2173:viceroy
2040:in the
2002:king of
1948:Florina
1829:during
1781:Viceroy
1763:In the
1664:Austria
1656:Croatia
1637:Ombrone
1625:Tuscany
1607:prefect
1459:of the
1437:Vietnam
1371:Belgium
1309:In Asia
966:Jamaica
943:Grenada
801:Current
783:Speaker
284:Persian
180:in any
174:viceroy
96:scholar
3377:Uganda
3332:Malawi
3312:Guyana
3292:Ceylon
3280:Former
3177:Jersey
3116:Quebec
3006:Tuvalu
2961:Canada
2956:Belize
2612:
2245:Taiwan
2222:shĆgun
2206::
2199:ZÇngdĆ«
2196::
2194:pinyin
2188::
2180::
2127:Serbia
2093:Allied
2078:German
2061:Poland
2034:Russia
2021:Scania
2005:Sweden
1990:Sweden
1944:Kozani
1936:Ikaria
1928:Aegean
1912:Epirus
1902:Greece
1881:, the
1855:Mexico
1845:had a
1792:Angola
1717:, now
1687:had a
1679:had a
1593:Pilten
1495:French
1415:France
1405:Brazil
1389:Brazil
1150:Former
1127:Tuvalu
1124:
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542:Canada
519:Dublin
496:medals
426:advice
411:Canada
384:, and
358:realms
234:Canada
206:France
202:Taiwan
190:states
164:), or
98:
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77:
69:
3337:Malta
3327:Kenya
3317:India
3307:Ghana
2841:(PDF)
2822:(PDF)
2768:See,
2753:(PDF)
2746:(PDF)
2738:See,
2573:See,
2547:See,
2502:Notes
2351:Aruba
2260:Korea
2231:ćŸć€·ć€§ć°è»
2104:]
2027:Other
1932:Samos
1920:Crete
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1435:(now
1237:(now
1136:1978
1113:1978
1090:1979
1067:1979
1044:1983
1021:1975
998:1917
975:1962
952:1974
929:1867
906:1981
883:1973
860:1901
837:1981
814:From
625:India
558:whale
534:field
198:Korea
194:Japan
103:JSTOR
89:books
3297:Fiji
3144:Niue
2803:2015
2717:2006
2675:2010
2649:2007
2610:ISBN
2587:2022
2561:2022
2280:The
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