Kazakhs - Knowledge

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merging of the Mongols and various Turkic groups in the 13th and 14th centuries in the Mongol states of the Qipchaq Steppe. It was from this Jochid/ Uzbek ulus (Golden Horde) that the Kazakh identity emerged when the nomads of the eastern Qipchaq Steppe became divided into the Kazakhs and the Shibanid Uzbeks at the turn of the 16th century. Seen from a broader perspective, the Kazakhs belonged to the Chinggisid uluses, others being the Shibanid Uzbeks, Crimean Tatars, Manghits/Noghays, and Chaghatays (Moghuls and Timurids), who shared a common language (Turkic), political ideology (based on Mongol traditions), royal lineage (Chinggisid related), ethnic identity (“Mongol Turks” ), and religion (Sunni Islam), and who still dominated much of the vast region stretching from the Crimea in the west to the Tien Shan Mountains in the east, and from southern Siberia in the north to northern India in the south during the post-Mongol period.

1577:(0.4%), M9a (0.4%), and F2 (0.4%) for a total of 66.7% mtDNA of Eastern Eurasian origin or affinity and H (10.5%), U(xU1, U3, U4, U5) (3.4%), J (3.0%), N1a (3.0%), R(xB4, B5, F1, F2, T, J, U, HV) (3.0%), I (2.1%), U5 (2.1%), T (1.7%), U4 (1.3%), U1 (0.8%), K (0.8%), N1b (0.4%), W (0.4%), U3 (0.4%), and HV (0.4%) for a total of 33.3% mtDNA of West-Eurasian origin or affinity. Comparing their samples of Kazakhs from Altai Republic with samples of Kazakhs from Kazakhstan and Kazakhs from Xinjiang, the authors have noted that "haplogroups A, B, C, D, F1, G2a, H, and M were present in all of them, suggesting that these lineages represent the common maternal gene pool from which these different Kazakh populations emerged." 1517:

the Kazakh Steppe. In total, 577 distinct haplotypes were identified belonging to one of 20 haplogroups; 16 predominant haplogroups were confirmed by SNP-genotyping. The haplogroup distribution was skewed towards C2-M217, present in all tribes at a global frequency of 51.9%. The structure analysis of the 1164 individuals indicated the presence of 20 ancestral groups and a complex three-subclade organization of the C2-M217 haplogroup in Kazakhs, a result supported by the multidimensional scaling analysis. Additionally, while the majority of the haplotypes and tribes overlapped, a distinct cluster of the O2 haplogroup, mostly of the Naiman tribe, was observed.

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western limit of Moghulistán, where they dwelt in peace and content. On the death of Abulkhair Khán the Ulus of the Uzbegs fell into confusion, and constant strife arose among them. Most of them joined the party of Karáy Khán and Jáni Beg Khán. They numbered about 200,000 persons, and received the name of Uzbeg-Kazák. The Kazák Sultáns began to reign in the year 870 (but God knows best), and they continued to enjoy absolute power in the greater part of Uzbegistán, till the year 940 .

203: 813: 459: 185: 131: 95: 1133: 167: 349: 423: 293: 405: 2713: 2641: 1654: 221: 2917: 441: 2124: 257: 149: 368: 1275: 1924: 3446: 3096:: тұсау кесу – to cut ties) – a tradition to celebrate the first attempts of a child to walk. The legs of a child are tied with a string of white and black colors symbolizing the good and the bad in life. The tie is then cut by a female relative who is energetic and lively in nature, so that the child acquires her qualities. After the string has been cut, it is burnt. 3009:. Unlike the Siberian shamans, who used drums during their rituals, Kazakh shamans, who could also be men or women, played (with a bow) on a stringed instrument similar to a large violin. At present both Islamic and pre-Islamic beliefs continue to be found among Kazakhs, especially among the elderly. According to 2009 national census 39,172 ethnic Kazakhs are 2263:", aimed at changing the political thinking of detainees, their identities, and their religious beliefs. But authorities in China have defended that the detention centers were in fact vocational education & training centers set up to deradicalize radicalized residents against the "3 evil forces" of religious extremism, terrorism and separatism. 3442: 2202:

other. Tibetans attacked and fought against the Kazakhs as they entered Tibet via Gansu and Qinghai. In northern Tibet, Kazakhs clashed with Tibetan soldiers, and the Kazakhs were sent to Ladakh. Tibetan troops robbed and killed Kazakhs 640 kilometres (400 miles) east of Lhasa at Chamdo when the Kazakhs were entering Tibet.

1470:. According to one study, West-Eurasian related admixture among Kazakhs is estimated at 35% to 37.5% in two Kazakh populations. Another study estimated a lower average Western admixture of slightly less than 30%. These results are inline with historical demographic information on northern Central Asia. Neighboring 4417:

Finally, an extensive study of the genetic legacy of the Turkic nomads across Eurasia based on autosomal dna analysis reveals that the source populations for the Turkic nomads who spread 'Asian genes' to non-Turkic peoples were (the ancestors of modern-day) Tuvinians, Mongols and Buryats, despite the

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A total of 464 representatives of the Western Kazakh tribes of Kazakhstan (Western Kazakhs, n = 405) and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan Kazakhs, n = 59) were examined by the Yfiler Plus set. The data are available in the YHRD under accession numbers YA006010 and YA006009. Genetic analysis (AMOVA and MDS)

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In 15th-century Central Asia, the nomads of the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde), including those who founded the Kazakh Khanate, were collectively called Uzbeks due to their conversion to Islam under Uzbek Khan (r. 1313–1341). These Uzbeks (also called Tatars by the Muscovites and Ottomans) arose from the

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and found that they belonged to the following haplogroups: D(xD5) (15.6%), C (10.5%), F1 (6.8%), B4 (5.1%), G2a (4.6%), A (4.2%), B5 (4.2%), M(xC, Z, M8a, D, G, M7, M9a, M13) (3.0%), D5 (2.1%), G2(xG2a) (2.1%), G4 (1.7%), N9a (1.7%), G(xG2, G4) (0.8%), M7 (0.8%), M13 (0.8%), Y1 (0.8%), Z (0.4%), M8a

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did not show significant differences between the two groups (Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan Kazakhs) in terms of Y-chromosome diversity. Both groups are characterized by haplogroup C2a1a2 as a founder effect, which dominated two of the three tribes: Alimuly (67%), Baiuly (74.6%), and Zhetiru (25.8%).

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Pre-Islamic beliefs, such as worship of the sky, the ancestors, and fire, continued to a great extent to be preserved among the common people, however. Kazakhs believed in the supernatural forces of good and evil spirits, of wood goblins and giants. To protect themselves from them and from the evil

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The study analyzed haplotype variation at 15 Y-chromosomal short-tandem-repeats obtained from 1171 individuals from 24 tribes representing the three socio-territorial subdivisions (Senior, Middle and Junior zhuz) in Kazakhstan to comprehensively characterize the patrilineal genetic architecture of

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Omer Gokcumen, Matthew C. Dulik, Athma A. Pai, Sergey I. Zhadanov, Samara Rubinstein, Ludmila P. Osipova, Oleg V. Andreenkov, Ludmila E. Tabikhanova, Marina A. Gubina, Damian Labuda, and Theodore G. Schurr, "Genetic Variation in the Enigmatic Altaian Kazakhs of South-Central Russia: Insights into

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The early Medieval Türk (earlyMed_Turk) derived the major ancestry from ANA at a proportion of 62.2%, the remainder from BMAC (10.7%) and Western Steppe Afanasievo nomad (27.1%) (Figs. 1C, 1D; Table S2E). The geographically remote Central Steppe Türk (Kyrgyzstan_Turk and Kazakhstan_Turk) could be

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At that time, Abulkhair Khan exercised full power in Dasht-i-Kipchak. He had been at war with the Sultánis of Juji; while Jáni Beg Khán and Karáy Khán fled before him into Moghulistán. Isán Bughá Khán received them with great honor, and delivered over to them Kuzi Báshi, which is near Chu, on the

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Khussainova, Elmira; Kisselev, Ilya; Iksan, Olzhas; Bekmanov, Bakhytzhan; Skvortsova, Liliya; Garshin, Alexander; Kuzovleva, Elena; Zhaniyazov, Zhassulan; Zhunussova, Gulnur; Musralina, Lyazzat; Kahbatkyzy, Nurzhibek; Amirgaliyeva, Almira; Begmanova, Mamura; Seisenbayeva, Akerke; Bespalova, Kira

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Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Tambets, Kristiina (21 April 2015).

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From Northern Xinjiang, over 7,000 Kazakhs fled to the Tibetan-Qinghai plateau region via Gansu and were wreaking massive havoc so Ma Bufang solved the problem by relegating Kazakhs to designated pastureland in Qinghai, but Hui, Tibetans, and Kazakhs in the region continued to clash against each

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A 2020 genetic study on the Kazakh genome, by Seidualy et al., found that the Kazakh people formed from highly mixed historical Central Asian populations. Ethnic Kazakhs were modeled to derive about ~63.2% ancestry from an East Asian-related population, specifically from a Northeast Asian source

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alphabet was imposed as a new writing system. In an effort to Russianize the Kazakhs, the Latin alphabet was in turn replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in 1940 by Soviet interventionists. Today, there are efforts to return to the Latin script, and in January 2021 the government announced plans to

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is fading away in business and government life. However, it is still common for Kazakhs to ask each other about the tribe they belong to when they become acquainted with one another. Now, it is more of a tradition than a necessity, and there is no hostility between tribes. Kazakhs, regardless of

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is often made of materials suited to the region's extreme climate and the rural Kazakh's nomadic lifestyle. It is commonly decorated with elaborate ornaments made from bird beaks, animal horns, hooves and feet. Although contemporary Kazakhs usually wear Western dress, they wear more traditional

1509:), ~30.8% ancestry from European-related populations (presumably from Scythians), and ~6% ancestry from a broadly South Asian population. Overall, Kazakhs show their closest genetic affinity with other Central Asian populations, namely, Kalmyk, Karakalpak and Kyrgyz people, but also Mongolians. 5056:

White, Anna E.; de-Dios, Toni; Carrión, Pablo; Bonora, Gian Luca; Llovera, Laia; Cilli, Elisabetta; Lizano, Esther; Khabdulina, Maral K.; Tleugabulov, Daniyar T.; Olalde, Iñigo; Marquès-Bonet, Tomàs; Balloux, François; Pettener, Davide; van Dorp, Lucy; Luiselli, Donata (December 2021).

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fact that the latter two are Mongolic (Yunusbayev et al. 2015).81 In sum, one should note that the early eastern Turkic peoples were in all likelihood genetically closer to their neighbouring Mongolic peoples than to various later Turkic peoples of central and western Eurasia.

4619: 3086:: бата – blessing) – a form of poetic art, typically given by the most respected or the eldest person to express gratitude for the provided hospitality, give blessing to a person who is about to enter a new phase in life, go through a challenging experience or travel. 1386:

incited a revolt against Russia. Russia's response was to set up secular schools and devise a way of writing Kazakh with the Cyrillic alphabet, which was not widely accepted. By 1917, the Arabic script for Kazakh was reintroduced, even in schools and local government.

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to flourish as Muslim clerics were invited into the region to preach to the Kazakhs, whom the Russians viewed as "savages" and "ignorant" of morals and ethics. However, Russian policy gradually changed toward weakening Islam by introducing pre-Islamic elements of

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Kazakhs are known for their hospitality, and so many Kazakh traditions are based on this ethnic feature. Some traditions have been lost, but some have been rediscovered. Below are some of the traditions that continue to play a role in the modern Kazakh society:

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Soma, Takuya. 2015. Human and Raptor Interactions in the Context of a Nomadic Society: Anthropological and Ethno-Ornithological Studies of Altaic Kazakh Falconry and its Cultural Sustainability in Western Mongolia. University of Kassel Press, Kassel (Germany)

3032:: қонақасы; "konak" – guest, "as" – food) – a tradition to welcome a guest and make his stay as enjoyable as one can by providing food, lodge, entertainment. Depending on the circumstances under which a guest had come from, he is either called "arnayy konak" ( 1222:

There is much debate surrounding the origins of the Hordes. Their age is unknown so far in extant historical texts, with the earliest mentions in the 17th century. The Turkologist Velyaminov-Zernov believed that it was the capture of the important cities of

879:. There is also evidence for contact with Iranian, Uralic and Yeniseian peoples. The Kazakhs emerged as an ethno-linguistic group during the early 15th century from a confederation of several, mostly Turkic-speaking pastoral nomadic groups of Northern 2291:

and were allowed to settle down in Bayan-Ölgii, Western Mongolia and for most of the 20th century they remained an isolated, tightly knit community. Ethnic Kazakhs (so-called Altaic Kazakhs or Altai-Kazakhs) live predominantly in Western Mongolia in

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Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Tarlykov, Pavel; Tazhigulova, Inkar; Junissova, Zukhra; Yerezhepov, Dauren; Akilzhanov, Rakhmetolla; Zholdybayeva, Elena; Wei, Lan-Hai; Akilzhanova, Ainur; Balanovsky, Oleg; Balanovska, Elena (22 October 2020).

2752:, relying on these animals for transportation, clothing, and food. The cooking techniques and major ingredients have been strongly influenced by the nation's nomadic way of life. For example, most cooking techniques are aimed at long-term 3962:"The Genetic Origin of the Turko-Mongols and Review of the Genetic Legacy of the Mongols. Part 1: The Y-chromosome Lineages of Chinggis Khan the Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. Volume 4, No 2 (2012)/Volume 5, No 1 (2013). P. 1-8" 1235:

in 1598 by Tevvekel (Tauekel/Tavakkul) Khan that separated the Qazaqs, as they possessed the cities for only part of the 17th century. The theory suggests that the Qazaqs then divided among a wider territory after expanding from

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soldiers and missionaries of the 8th-century command substantial respect in their communities. Kazakh political figures have also stressed the need to sponsor Islamic awareness. For example, the Kazakh Foreign Affairs Minister,

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Yang, Xiao-Min; Meng, Hai-Liang; Zhang, Jian-Lin; Yu, Yao; Allen, Edward; Xia, Zi-Yang; Zhu, Kong-Yang; Du, Pan-Xin; Ren, Xiao-Ying; Xiong, Jian-Xue; Lu, Xiao-Yu; Ding, Yi; Han, Sheng; Liu, Wei-Peng; Jin, Li (17 January 2023).

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A group of Kazakhs, originally numbering over 20000 people when expelled from Sinkiang by Sheng Shih-ts'ai in 1936, was reduced, after repeated massacres by their Chinese coreligionists under Ma Pu-fang, to a scattered 135

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Kairov, Ulykbek; Molkenov, Askhat; Rakhimova, Saule; Kozhamkulov, Ulan; Sharip, Aigul; Karabayev, Daniyar; Daniyarov, Asset; H.Lee, Joseph; D.Terwilliger, Joseph; Akilzhanova, Ainur; Zhumadilov, Zhaxybay (4 February 2021).

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who is invited to perform an improvised song, in which he mentions relatives of the groom. During his performance, a bride has to bow every time she hears a name. After the song, the mother of the groom lifts the veil.

5504:"Genetic relationships among Japanese, northern Han, Hui, Uygur, Kazakh, Greek, Saudi Arabian, and Italian populations based on allelic frequencies at four VNTR (D1S80, D4S43, COL2A1, D17S5) and one STR (ACTBP2) loci" 5638:

Ashirbekov, Yeldar; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Aidarov, Baglan; Abaildayev, Arman; Junissova, Zukhra; Cherusheva, Alena; Saidamarova, Viktoriya V.; Sharipov, Kamalidin; Ramankulov, Yerlan; Zhabagin, Maxat (October 2022).

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eye, Kazakhs wore protection beads and talismans. Shamanic beliefs are still widely preserved among Kazakhs, as well as the belief in the strength of the bearers of that worship, the shamans, which Kazakhs call

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10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-60?p=emailaofoqfpeetuoy&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-60#acrefore-9780190277727-e-60-div1-2

2183:. According to the census data of 2020, Kazakhs had a population of 1,562,518, ranking 18th among all ethnic groups in China. Thousands of Kazakhs fled to China during the 1932–1933 famine in Kazakhstan. 1915: 2315:

sum). In addition, a number of Kazakh communities can be found in various cities and towns spread throughout the country. Some of the major population centers with a significant Kazakh presence include

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persecution. Kazakh historian Gulnar Mendikulova cites that there were between 20,000 and 24,000 Kazakhs in Afghanistan as of 1978. Some assimilated locally and cannot speak the Kazakh language.

624: 2615:. Kayseri, Van, Amasya, Çiçekdağ, Gaziantep, Tokat, Urfa, and Serinyol received via Adana the Pakistan-based Kazakh, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbek refugees numbering 3,800 with UNHCR assistance. 589: 3566: 3909:

Zhabagin, M.; Sabitov, Z.; Tarlykov, P.; Tazhigulova, I.; Junissova, Z.; Yerezhepov, D.; Akilzhanov, R.; Zholdybayeva, E.; Wei, L. H.; Akilzhanova, A.; Balanovsky, O.; Balanovska, E. (2020).

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institutions survived only in areas that Kazakhs significantly outnumbered non-Muslims, such as non-indigenous Russians, by everyday Muslim practices. In an attempt to conform Kazakhs into

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Seidualy, Madina; Blazyte, Asta; Jeon, Sungwon; Bhak, Youngjune; Jeon, Yeonsu; Kim, Jungeun; Eriksson, Anders; Bolser, Dan; Yoon, Changhan; Manica, Andrea; Lee, Semin (1 May 2020).

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Seidualy, Madina; Blazyte, Asta; Jeon, Sungwon; Bhak, Youngjune; Jeon, Yeonsu; Kim, Jungeun; Eriksson, Anders; Bolser, Dan; Yoon, Changhan; Manica, Andrea; Lee, Semin (1 May 2020).

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Soma, Takuya. 2014. 'Current Situation and Issues of Transhumant Animal Herding in Sagsai County, Bayan Ulgii Province, Western Mongolia', E-journal GEO 9(1): pp. 102–119.

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The Kazakhs likely began using the name Kazakh during the 15th century. There are many theories on the origin of the word Kazakh or Qazaq. Some speculate that it comes from the

1941:, the Kazakh population lives primarily in the regions bordering Kazakhstan. According to latest census (2002) there are 654,000 Kazakhs in Russia, most of whom are in the 6137: 1454:

ancestry, and harbor two East Asian-derived components, one dominant component commonly found among Northeastern Asian populations (associated with the Northeast Asian "

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Zhao, Jing; Wurigemule; Sun, Jin; Xia, Ziyang; He, Guanglin; Yang, Xiaomin; Guo, Jianxin; Cheng, Hui-Zhen; Li, Yingxiang; Lin, Song; Yang, Tie-Lin (16 November 2020).

6994:‘Intangible Cultural Heritage of Arts and Knowledge for Coexisting with Golden Eagles: Ethnographic Studies in “Horseback Eagle-Hunting” of Altai-Kazakh Falconers’, 6280: 4935:

Russian, Mongolia, China in the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. Vol II. Baddeley (1919, MacMillan, London). Reprint – Burt Franklin, New York. 1963 p. 59

3684: 3495:""Казахи доказали, что являются неотъемлемой частью иранского общества и могут служить одним из мостов, связующих две страны" – представитель диаспоры Тойжан Бабык" 3161:, a bow instrument played on the knees. Along with other instruments, both instruments play a key role in the traditional Kazakh orchestra. A notable composer is 1442: 1592:) is the most frequently observed haplogroup (with nearly all of those Kazakhs belonging to the D4 subclade), and the second-most frequent haplogroup is either 3332: 9150: 6672: 4643: 6185: 7017: 3791: 3765: 3076:: шашу – to scatter) – a tradition to shower heroes of an occasion with sweets during some festivity. Kazakhs believe that collected delights bring luck. 3169:

became the first woman classical composer in Kazakhstan, whose compositions reflect Kazakh history and folklore. A notable singer of the Soviet epoch is

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ideals of his colleagues. The Kazakh oral tradition has also overlapped with ethnic nationalism, and has been used to transmit pride in Kazakh identity.

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In more recent times, however, Kazakhs have gradually employed a determined effort in revitalizing Islamic religious institutions after the fall of the

9117:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former 6990: 3562: 2965:. Such attempts included methods of eulogizing pre-Islamic historical figures and imposing a sense of inferiority by sending Kazakhs to highly elite 2992:. Most Kazakhs continue to identify with their Islamic faith, and even more devotedly in the countryside. Those who claim descent from the original 2611:

Turkey received refugees from among the Pakistan-based Kazakhs, Turkmen, Kirghiz, and Uzbeks numbering 3,800 originally from Afghanistan during the

3662: 3636: 3001:, recently emphasized that Kazakhstan attaches importance to the use of "positive potential Islam, learning of its history, culture and heritage." 7269: 6999: 4609: 3716: 3618: 3520: 895:. The tribal groups formed a powerful confederation that grew wealthy on the trade passing through the steppe lands along the fabled Silk Road. 3054:: көрімдік; "koru" – to see) – a tradition of presenting a person with a gift to congratulate him on a gain in his life. The custom is called 6454: 6380: 4404: 2554:

As of 2021, there are about 200 Kazakhs remaining in Afghanistan according to Kazakhstan's foreign ministry. Locals claim that many live in

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tribe inhabited the border regions of the Russian Empire with Iran since the 18th century. The Kazakhs made up 20% of the population of the

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In 1934, 1935, and from 1936 to 1938, Qumil Elisqan led approximately 18,000 Kerey Kazakhs to migrate to Gansu, entering Gansu and Qinghai.

6159: 4273: 5616: 5480: 3116:: беташар; "bet" – face, "ashu" – to open) – the custom (often done at the wedding) to lift a veil from the face of a bride. Today it the 1340:(Northwestern) group of the Turkic language family. Kazakh is characterized, in distinction to other Turkic languages, by the presence of 7243: 7060: 6851: 6610: 6231: 6009: 4914: 4875: 4836: 4343: 3588: 6632: 4688: 3737: 9372: 7477: 4226: 2256: 3240: 9143: 3399:"Казахское общество Турции готово стать объединительным мостом в крепнущей дружбе двух братских народов – лидер общины Камиль Джезер" 3306: 3058:, if a gain is related to a person or an animal (e.g. seeing a person's daughter-in-law or a newborn animal for the first time), and 1525:

According to mitochondrial DNA studies (where sample consisted of only 246 individuals), the main maternal lineages of Kazakhs are:

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modeled as an admixture of ANA (Mongolia_N_-North), BMAC, and West Steppe pastoralists (Afanasievo (P=0.0196) (Fig. S5; Table S2E).

1600:(predominantly indigenous Siberian, though some branches are present in the Americas, East Asia, and eastern and northern Europe). 6428: 7487: 6402: 5701:"Genetic Relationship Among the Kazakh People Based on Y-STR Markers Reveals Evidence of Genetic Variation Among Tribes and Zhuz" 5192:"Genetic Relationship Among the Kazakh People Based on Y-STR Markers Reveals Evidence of Genetic Variation Among Tribes and Zhuz" 4970: 3232: 3106:: қыз ұзату) – the first wedding party organized by the parents of a bride. The literal translation is "to see off a daughter". 10028: 7379: 6127: 5856: 4766: 10038: 7032: 6730: 6604: 6585: 6374: 6099: 6003: 5976: 4908: 4869: 4830: 4661:""Kazakh Khanate." In The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Ed. David Ludden. New York: Oxford University Press" 4627: 4441: 4367:"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples" 4337: 4310: 4220: 4019: 2618:

In 1954 and 1969, Kazakhs migrated into Anatolia's Salihli, Develi and Altay regions. Turkey became home to refugee Kazakhs.

6869: 6736: 6552: 6524: 6341: 6105: 6037: 5939: 5910: 4447: 3349: 2772:, a dish consisting of boiled horse or lamb meat, is the most popular Kazakh dish. Besbarmak is usually eaten with a boiled 10033: 10023: 10013: 10008: 9136: 7823: 7533: 7073: 7008: 3376: 6260: 6276: 5762: 1382:

Kazakh was written with the Arabic script until the mid-19th century, when a number of educated Kazakh poets from Muslim

6246: 10068: 10018: 7670: 6707: 6660: 3367:"ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS" 1609: 1589: 883:. The Kazakhs are the most northerly of the Central Asian peoples, inhabiting a large expanse of territory in northern 5547: 4794: 4747:Постановление ЦИК и СНК КазАССР № 133 от 5 February 1936 о русском произношении и письменном обозначении слова «казак» 3155:, a plucked lute with two strings. It is often used to accompany solo or group singing. Another popular instrument is 9279: 6310: 4529: 2688: 2217: 1701: 2670: 1683: 1450:

Genomic research confirmed that Kazakhs originated from the admixture of several tribes. Kazakhs have predominantly

902:, generally with regard to individuals or groups who had taken or achieved independence from a figure of authority. 10003: 9338: 7538: 7248: 6910: 6258:"Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57–70 5641:"Genetic Polymorphism of 27 Y-STR Loci in the Western Kazakh Tribes from Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan" 4165: 3329: 2213: 1485:

A study on allele frequency and genetic polymorphism by Katsuyama et al., found that Kazakhs cluster together with

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Population structure of Turkic-speaking populations in the context of their geographic neighbors across Eurasia.

672:). The Kazakhs arose from the merging of the medieval tribes of Turkic and Mongolic origin in the 15th century. 10053: 9365: 7556: 7319: 3787: 3757: 2944:. Another wave of conversions among the Kazakhs occurred during the 15th and 16th centuries via the efforts of 2666: 2225: 1679: 6653: 6066: 1584:(predominantly northern East Asian, such as Japanese, Okinawan, Korean, Manchu, Mongol, Han Chinese, Tibetan, 10043: 7472: 6700: 6369:. Published by Ithaca Press for the Board of the Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oxford University. p. 20. 3468: 3254: 2237: 2180: 2176: 2152: 1359: 940: 1048:

suggested spelling the final consonant with "kh" instead of "q" or "k", which was officially adopted by the

9970: 9328: 9264: 8679: 7858: 7592: 7448: 7387: 875:, deriving around 62% of their ancestry from a gene pool maximized among Neolithic hunter-gatherers in the 17: 3734:"Kasachische Diaspora in Deutschland. Botschaft der Republik Kasachstan in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 7523: 7518: 6655:

Fergus, Michael and Jandosova, Janar, "Kazakhstan: Coming of Age," Stacey International, 2003, page 216.

5251:"Genetic substructure and admixture of Mongolians and Kazakhs inferred from genome-wide array genotyping" 4945: 3658: 3371: 3177:, performing in the genre of ethno-rock, which synthesises rock music with the traditional Kazakh music. 1187:

Those modern-day Kazakhs who yet remember their tribes know that their tribes belong to one of the three

1000:. These disagreements probably resulted from the crushing defeat of Abu'l-Khayr Khan at the hands of the 3632: 9896: 9849: 9333: 9254: 8745: 7733: 7685: 7455: 7423: 7283: 7046: 2478:

As of the beginning of 2021, more than 821,000 ethnic Kazakhs lived in Uzbekistan. They live mostly in

2287:

troops pushed Kazakhs to neighboring countries. In around 1860, part of the Middle Jüz Kazakhs came to

2260: 1643: 1367: 79: 9600: 9358: 9249: 7528: 7513: 7465: 7197: 6944:"Обряды, традиции и обычаи. Самые популярные и широко распространённые виды спорта казахского народа" 3846:"Some remarks on the Turkicisation of the Mongols in post-Mongol Central Asia and the Qipchaq Steppe" 3713: 1365: 1357: 2985:

ideologies, gender relations and other aspects of Kazakh culture were key targets of social change.

9439: 9259: 9216: 9077: 9036: 8204: 7788: 7660: 7482: 7438: 5303:

Kidd et al. 2009, Am J Hum Genet. 11 December 2009; 85(6): 934–937. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.024

3302: 2962: 2662: 2651: 1675: 1664: 833: 6596:

Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949

6577:

Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949

6462: 3828: 2948:

orders. During the 18th century, Russian influence toward the region rapidly increased throughout

1040:

In the 17th century, Russian convention seeking to distinguish the Qazaqs of the steppes from the

9566: 9551: 9394: 9309: 8244: 8169: 7933: 7926: 7851: 7728: 7697: 7665: 7655: 7551: 7443: 7428: 7392: 7292: 6702:

Waters, Bella "Kazakhstan in Pictures," Twenty First Century Books; 2nd edition, 2007, page 37.

6364: 4366: 3845: 2921: 2895: 2655: 1668: 872: 871:. Early Medieval Turkic peoples who migrated into Central Asia displayed genetic affinities with 769:, first mentioned on the 8th century Turkic monument of Uyuk-Turan. According to Turkic linguist 31: 4683: 4551:

Subtelny, Maria Eva (1988). "Centralizing Reform and Its Opponents in the Late Timurid Period".

4279: 2539:, the number of Kazakhs in Iran decreased because of emigration to their historical motherland. 2293: 2276: 1110:

The Kazakh oral tradition is sometimes has political themes. The highly influential Kazakh poet

669: 10058: 9446: 9206: 9067: 7773: 7645: 7622: 7587: 7411: 6855: 3162: 6594: 6575: 6229: 5993: 5966: 4898: 4859: 4820: 4327: 3596: 1398:

but was soon suppressed. As a result, the Arabic script for writing Kazakh was banned and the

10063: 9461: 9221: 8723: 8018: 7816: 7793: 7743: 7570: 7501: 7397: 7081: 6640: 4678: 2630: 2612: 2517:

against the Russian Empire in 1870, a significant number of Kazakhs became refugees in Iran.

2209: 1614:

In a sample of 54 Kazakhs and 119 Altaian Kazakh, the main paternal lineages of Kazakhs are:

1506: 1455: 1045: 736: 7022: 4210: 4011: 3366: 2621:

The Kazakh Turks Foundation (Kazak Türkleri Vakfı) is an organization of Kazakhs in Turkey.

1919:

Muhammad Salyk Babazhanov – Kazakh anthropologist, a member of Russian Geographical Society.

9960: 9274: 9211: 9062: 8399: 8023: 7903: 7778: 7748: 7702: 7602: 7223: 6551:. Université des sciences et techniques de Lille, U.E.R. de géographie. 2006. p. 174. 3999: 2753: 1896: 1597: 1593: 1581: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 335: 3285:"Permanent population by national and / or ethnic group, urban / rural place of residence" 8: 9314: 9299: 9289: 8926: 8214: 7949: 7832: 7783: 7768: 7712: 7650: 7640: 7635: 7314: 7177: 5805:"A genetic landscape reshaped by recent events: Y-chromosomal insights into central Asia" 4560: 4053: 3424: 2953: 2510: 2155: 981: 703: 4472:"Ancient genome of Empress Ashina reveals the Northeast Asian origin of Göktürk Khanate" 4471: 3330:

Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia

735:("wanderer, brigand, vagabond, warrior, free, independent") or that it derives from the 9935: 9844: 9827: 9770: 9201: 8607: 8409: 8319: 8219: 7753: 7617: 6432: 5735: 5700: 5675: 5640: 5603: 5539: 5467: 5410: 5375: 5350: 5315: 5286: 5226: 5191: 5166: 5131: 5093: 5058: 5033: 4998: 4637: 4572: 4499: 4396: 4157: 4098: 3937: 3910: 3865: 2499: 1978: 1962: 1931: 864: 6186:"Families Of The Disappeared: A Search For Loved Ones Held In China's Xinjiang Region" 5829: 5804: 5502:

Katsuyama, Y.; Inoko, H.; Imanishi, T.; Mizuki, N.; Gojobori, T.; Ota, M. (May 1998).

9950: 9886: 9839: 9506: 8765: 8664: 8125: 7983: 7543: 7233: 7157: 7028: 6871:Итоги национальной переписи населения 2009 года (Summary of the 2009 national census) 6726: 6703: 6656: 6600: 6581: 6406: 6370: 6215: 6095: 5999: 5972: 5834: 5740: 5722: 5680: 5662: 5608: 5590: 5531: 5523: 5472: 5454: 5415: 5397: 5355: 5337: 5290: 5278: 5270: 5231: 5213: 5171: 5153: 5098: 5080: 5038: 5020: 4904: 4865: 4826: 4660: 4623: 4503: 4491: 4437: 4400: 4388: 4333: 4306: 4255: 4216: 4106: 4040: 4015: 3942: 3869: 3830:

Tengrism as a lived religion in Kazakhstan and its role in national identity building

3688: 3284: 2531:. According to ethnologue.org, in 1982 there were 3000 Kazakhs living in the city of 2524: 2221: 1927: 1910: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1451: 1080: 777: 5852: 5543: 3149:

One of the most commonly used traditional musical instruments of the Kazakhs is the

1482:, and the Xinjiang Ölöd tribe, have the strongest resemblance to the Kazakh genome. 9955: 9745: 9638: 9561: 9556: 9546: 9429: 9072: 8718: 8565: 8434: 8366: 8295: 8239: 8224: 8209: 8194: 8164: 8154: 8130: 8066: 7973: 7582: 7187: 7167: 7132: 5824: 5816: 5730: 5712: 5670: 5652: 5598: 5582: 5515: 5462: 5446: 5405: 5387: 5345: 5327: 5262: 5221: 5203: 5161: 5143: 5088: 5070: 5028: 5010: 4758: 4718: 4615: 4564: 4483: 4378: 4195: 4149: 4088: 4080: 4007: 3932: 3922: 3857: 3207: 3202: 3166: 2969:

military institutions. In response, Kazakh religious leaders attempted to bring in

2741: 2563: 2506: 2336: 2308: 2140: 2118: 1946: 1942: 1310: 1306: 1283: 1228: 1111: 860: 774: 760: 726: 501: 6987:

The Asian Conference on the Social Sciences 2012 – Official Conference Proceedings

6303:"Численность казахов в Узбекистане за последние 32 года практически не изменилась" 5266: 9817: 9730: 9720: 9715: 9663: 9643: 9571: 9434: 9082: 8689: 8600: 8439: 8419: 8324: 8314: 8300: 8229: 8189: 8184: 8149: 8050: 8004: 7978: 7707: 7630: 7597: 7339: 7309: 7172: 6875: 6789:

Hunter, Shireen. "Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security", pg. 14

6720: 6546: 6518: 6502: 6333: 6264: 6235: 6089: 6031: 5933: 5904: 5879: 5392: 5015: 4431: 4069:"Anticipating Demographic Superiority: Kazakh Thinking on Integration and Nation" 3720: 3336: 3186: 3138: 3128: 3113: 3103: 3093: 3083: 3073: 3063: 3051: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 2904: 2890: 2729: 2596: 2577: 2559: 2520: 2514: 1958: 1486: 1302: 1294: 1286: 1269: 1265: 1241: 953: 821: 617: 582: 556: 497: 6874:(in Russian). Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Archived from 5931: 5902: 5877: 5803:

Zerjal T, Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Tyler-Smith C (September 2002).

5250: 3173:, she was a star of the trans-Soviet-Union scale. A notable Kazakh rock band is 2932:

propagated Islam in its state. Islam in Kazakhstan peaked during the era of the

2332: 9930: 9923: 9906: 9788: 9750: 9653: 9628: 9541: 9511: 9494: 9471: 9407: 9118: 9001: 8750: 8505: 8429: 8371: 8290: 8234: 8199: 8174: 8159: 8090: 7917: 7882: 7874: 7607: 7304: 7238: 7218: 7014:

The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2013 – Official Conference Proceedings

6366:

Cities & trade: Consul Abbott on the economy and society of Iran, 1847–1866

6257: 6228:

Education of Kazakh children: A situation analysis. Save the Children UK, 2006

5906:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volumes 276–278

5586: 5450: 5332: 5148: 5059:"Genomic Analysis of 18th-Century Kazakh Individuals and Their Oral Microbiome" 4822:

Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview

4710: 4187: 3927: 3619:"Kazakhstan and Portugal: prospects for the development of bilateral relations" 3141:: сүйінші) – a tradition to give present to someone who has brought good news. 2933: 2745: 2725: 2707: 2592: 2567: 2479: 2356: 2344: 2297: 2284: 2252: 1986: 1950: 1573: 1431: 1337: 1318: 1314: 1298: 1290: 1115: 1096: 856: 849: 680: 641: 630: 316: 280: 9128: 8887: 8285: 5935:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 277

5881:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 277

5717: 5376:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 5208: 5132:"The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan" 4999:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 4568: 4383: 4153: 4084: 3911:"The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan" 1427: 1136:

Approximate areas occupied by the three Kazakh jüz in the early 20th century.

820:

Throughout history, Kazakhstan has been home to many nomadic societies of the

9997: 9913: 9891: 9710: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9658: 9648: 9583: 9456: 9419: 9304: 9269: 9046: 8851: 8821: 8755: 8694: 8586: 8579: 8526: 8414: 8404: 8179: 7999: 7738: 7675: 7349: 7344: 7329: 7202: 7182: 7147: 7137: 5726: 5666: 5594: 5570: 5527: 5458: 5434: 5401: 5341: 5274: 5217: 5157: 5084: 5024: 4495: 4392: 4259: 3170: 2737: 2348: 2312: 1970: 1966: 1954: 1475: 1434:), where Cyrillic script is in use. European Kazakhs use the Latin alphabet. 1391: 1232: 1013: 961:

1465/1466 AD. The state was formed by nomads who settled along the border of

944: 928: 915: 892: 841: 770: 684: 539: 208: 5995:

Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928–49

5968:

Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928–49

5075: 3861: 3494: 3398: 1099:

which goes back centuries. It is most commonly relayed in the form of song (

1004:. Kerei and Janibek moved with a large following of nomads to the region of 9982: 9975: 9755: 9740: 9725: 9633: 9618: 9578: 9531: 9499: 9479: 9178: 9094: 8961: 8946: 8760: 8699: 8669: 8633: 8593: 8457: 8329: 8306: 8074: 8010: 7897: 7192: 7142: 7127: 6132: 5838: 5744: 5684: 5612: 5503: 5476: 5419: 5359: 5282: 5235: 5175: 5102: 5042: 4788: 4110: 3981:"The Kazakhstan DNA projecthits first hundred Y-profilesfor ethnic Kazakhs" 3946: 3813: 3197: 3010: 2998: 2989: 2974: 2949: 2929: 2588: 2536: 2305: 2301: 2187: 1463: 1395: 1376: 1322: 1049: 1017: 993: 899: 884: 880: 845: 695: 691: 637: 633: 6943: 6302: 5758: 5657: 5535: 4521: 3883: 2198:

massacred their fellow Muslim Kazakhs, until there were 135 of them left.

1083:

etymological root, meaning wanderer, brigand, or independent free-booter.

9760: 9680: 9673: 9623: 9590: 9284: 9098: 8981: 8976: 8920: 8424: 8340: 8267: 8136: 8117: 7940: 7763: 7611: 7334: 7324: 4674: 2970: 2826: 2821:, such as heart, liver, kidneys, and other organs, diced and served with 2328: 2317: 1974: 1494: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1253: 1020:, who hoped for a buffer zone of protection against the expansion of the 1009: 962: 876: 812: 676: 531: 482: 464: 6918: 4717:. Vol. &thinsp, 1. Translated by V. & T. Minorsky. Leiden: 4194:. Vol. &thinsp, 3. Translated by V. & T. Minorsky. Leiden: 4161: 4138:"Urbanisation and Changing Kazakh Ethnic Subjectivities in Gansu, China" 4137: 1248:, to which Sayram and Yasi belonged. The Junior juz originated from the 9945: 9918: 9778: 9705: 9613: 9226: 8781: 8028: 7364: 7069: 6507:. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses. July 1982. p. 861. 4900:

Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature: Elites and Narratives

4576: 4093: 2941: 2937: 2856: 2733: 2717: 2271: 2191: 1982: 1490: 1407: 1244:, with a focus on the trade available through the cities of the middle 1210: 1203: 1196: 1157: 1146: 989: 951:. In this manuscript, the author locates Kazakh in the eastern part of 699: 649: 645: 190: 136: 100: 8966: 8110: 7038: 5519: 4563:, on behalf of the International Society of Iranian Studies: 123–151. 4487: 4102: 4068: 9901: 9796: 9516: 9402: 8996: 8986: 8933: 8900: 8786: 8572: 8534: 8515: 8495: 8470: 8376: 7910: 7359: 7354: 7162: 6996:

The International Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences Research

6775:

Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures

6480: 6160:"Majlis Podcast: The Repercussions Of Beijing's Policies In Xinjiang" 4249: 3563:"Main Language in England & Wales by Proficiency in English 2011" 2982: 2768: 2761: 2548: 2352: 2195: 2136: 1383: 1379:, and as such there is no distinction between long and short vowels. 1245: 1180: 1168: 1132: 997: 903: 859:

has been a topic of much discussion. Their homeland may have been in

392: 9856: 9350: 6759:

Russia's Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500–1800

4858:

Breed, Ananda; Dubuisson, Eva-Marie; Iğmen, Ali (24 November 2020).

3980: 3961: 3552:: Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved 23 April 2009 2794:(which is a horse meat sausage that only the wealthy could afford), 2712: 2640: 1653: 957:. According to Tarikh-i-Rashidi, the first Kazakh union was created 9881: 9668: 9489: 9414: 9106: 8951: 8895: 8881: 8866: 8841: 8831: 8801: 8490: 8477: 8463: 8044: 6334:"BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI iv. From the Mongols – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 6060: 5820: 4329:

Imagined Identities: Identity Formation in the Age of Globalization

2916: 2600: 2288: 2241: 2144: 2128: 1423: 1415: 1326: 1224: 1041: 868: 825: 665: 519: 354: 172: 38: 6216:"Xinjiang official defends 'education centres' for Uighur Muslims" 5637: 5312: 5128: 3908: 3472: 2494:

period, Iran bought Kazakh slaves who were falsely masqueraded as

9940: 9876: 9834: 9735: 9685: 9608: 9484: 9294: 9183: 9041: 8991: 8941: 8915: 8910: 8871: 8861: 8816: 8811: 8796: 8713: 8659: 8622: 8617: 8510: 8500: 8485: 8334: 8103: 8057: 7843: 7152: 7005:

Falco: The Newsletter of the Middle East Falcon Research Group 41

5938:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 5909:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 4522:"Kazakh | People, Religion, Language, & Culture | Britannica" 3884:"Kazakh | People, Religion, Language, & Culture | Britannica" 2802: 2796: 2581: 2495: 2340: 2325: 2248: 2123: 1498: 1479: 1330: 1076: 1001: 948: 888: 829: 687: 446: 428: 410: 298: 5697: 5372: 5188: 4995: 2956:, the Russians initially demonstrated a willingness in allowing 2790: 1274: 9965: 9536: 9526: 9451: 9233: 9016: 9006: 8956: 8905: 8856: 8846: 8826: 8806: 8791: 8705: 8641: 8627: 8559: 8544: 8539: 8520: 8348: 8262: 7369: 7101: 6362: 5884:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152 5802: 4302: 3151: 3117: 2993: 2978: 2966: 2864: 2860: 2822: 2778: 2584: 2555: 2532: 2321: 2160: 1938: 1375:

Kazakh, like most of the Turkic language family lacks phonemic

1249: 1237: 1107:), which typically tell the stories of Kazakh national heroes. 1021: 1005: 985: 977: 717:

refers to all citizens of Kazakhstan, regardless of ethnicity.

653: 535: 244: 226: 154: 7228: 6062:

STUDIES IN THE POLITICS, HISTORY AND CULTURE OF TURKIC PEOPLES

4971:"Kazakhstan's alphabet switch reflects wider societal changes" 2591:

district to the east of the western Afghanistan's province of

9822: 9812: 9424: 9114: 9011: 8971: 8876: 8836: 8554: 8549: 8381: 8096: 7106: 6162:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). 9 December 2018. 6128:"Central Asians Organize to Draw Attention to Xinjiang Camps" 4687:. Vol. 1. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 331–332. 3174: 3157: 3036:: арнайы қонақ) – a specially invited guest, "kudayy konak" ( 2957: 2869: 2844: 2818: 2811: 2773: 2749: 2571: 2491: 2229: 1923: 1419: 1399: 1092: 935:

first appeared during the middle of the 16th century, in the

657: 515: 373: 118: 6839:

Central Asia and the Caucasus: transnationalism and diaspora

5501: 4251:

Soviet Empire : the Turks of Central Asia and Stalinism

1715:

Ethnic Kazakhs in percent of total population of Kazakhstan

753:

Another theory on the origin of the word Kazakh (originally

683:

between 1456 and 1465, when following disintegration of the

9110: 9102: 7111: 7096: 6976:‘Contemporary Falconry in Altai-Kazakh in Western Mongolia’ 3165:, who lived in the 19th century. After studying in Moscow, 2945: 2874: 2852: 2836: 2831: 2784: 2757: 2528: 1422:, where the Arabic script is used, and in western parts of 1188: 1127: 747: 262: 6277:"2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/" 4559:(1/2: Soviet and North American Studies on Central Asia). 4299:

Central Asia in the eyes of 14th–18th century Orientalists

3040:: құдайы қонақ) – a casual traveller, or "kydyrma konak" ( 1462:), and another minor component associated with historical 6189: 5932:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

5903:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

5878:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

5055: 2878: 2815: 2740:. For hundreds of years, Kazakhs were herders who raised 1317:

and many other living and historical languages spoken in

6978:

The International Journal of Intangible Heritage (vol.7)

5759:"Полиморфизм митохондриальной ДНК в казахской популяции" 2843:(salted and smoked meat from horse's hip and hind leg). 2513:

region according to the 1897 census. As a result of the

1565:(3%), and others (12.2%) of West-Eurasian origin (41%). 907: 906:

described his own youth without direct authority as his

798: 790: 782: 764: 754: 740: 679:

origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the

5568: 5432: 4734:

The Qazaq Khanate as Documented in Ming Dynasty Sources

4592:

The Qazaq Khanate as Documented in Ming Dynasty Sources

2175:'"Kazakh people" or "Kazakh tribe"') are among 1572:(2008) tested the mtDNA of a total of 237 Kazakhs from 1545:(2.44%) of East-Eurasian origin (55%), and haplogroups 1012:

and set up new pastures there with the blessing of the

746:(a wheeled cart used by the Kazakhs to transport their 6971: 3685:"Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland" 2973:, though many were persecuted as a result. During the 7012:‘Ethnoarchaeology of Ancient Falconry in East Asia’, 3255:"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census" 2782:, and is traditionally served in Kazakh bowls called 1191:(juz, roughly translatable as "horde" or "hundred"): 1184:

their tribal origin, consider themselves one nation.

804:

defines a type of person who wanders and seeks gain.

706:

in hopes of forming a powerful khanate of their own.

5316:"Whole-genome sequencing data of Kazakh individuals" 5248: 4608:

Lee, Joo-Yup (26 April 2019). "The Kazakh Khanate".

2760:

so that it will last, and there is a preference for

2300:(11.5% of the total population, living primarily in 1993:

in 1991, those people acquired Russian citizenship.

6592: 6573: 4857: 4731: 4589: 713:is used to refer to ethnic Kazakhs, while the term 5853:"Ethnic composition of Russia (national censuses)" 4295:Центральная Азия в 14–18 веках глазами востоковеда 3435: 3131:: шілдехана) – celebration of a birth of a child. 2764:, as it is easier to save in a nomadic lifestyle. 2756:. There is a large practice of salting and drying 2547:Kazakhs fled to Afghanistan in the 1930s escaping 2190:expelled 30,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai, 7003:‘Ethnographic Study of Altaic Kazakh Falconers’, 6719:Bennigsen, Alexandre; Wimbush, S. Enders (1986). 6091:The Kazaks of China: Essays on an Ethnic Minority 4861:Creating Culture in (Post) Socialist Central Asia 4642:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4278:[Uyuk-Turan] (in Russian). Archived from 4025: 9995: 6718: 6356: 4950:Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region 4814: 4812: 3850:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 2587:who are of Kazakh origin. They mainly reside in 27:Turkic people of Central Asia and Eastern Europe 9158: 6769: 6767: 5784: 5782: 5780: 4825:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 181. 4468: 4365:Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (18 October 2017). 3633:"Cittadini Kazaki in Italia Dati Istat al 2022" 1501:in contrast to West-Eurasian reference groups. 1114:viewed it as the ideal way to transmit the pro- 694:, several tribes under the rule of the sultans 6985:‘Ethnoarhchaeology of Horse-Riding Falconry’, 6647: 5991: 5964: 4896: 2867:) and chunks of meat. The national drinks are 1027:Regarding these events, Haidar Dughlat in his 9366: 9144: 7859: 7054: 6523:. Documentation française. 1982. p. 15. 4809: 4611:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History 4004:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History 3736:(in German). botschaft-kaz.de. Archived from 3443:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables" 3417: 2908:clothing for holidays and special occasions. 1989:regions. Though ethnically Kazakh, after the 1066: 1057: 898:Kazakh was a common term throughout medieval 730: 6862: 6785: 6783: 6764: 6331: 6087: 5777: 4897:Kudaibergenova, Diana T. (3 February 2017). 3425:"Kazakh, Qazaqi in Türkiye (Turkey) Profile" 1121: 610: 604: 598: 575: 569: 563: 68: 62: 56: 6567: 4790:Cossack | Russian and Ukrainian people 4715:Four Studies on the History of Central Asia 4192:Four Studies on the History of Central Asia 3959: 3661:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2669:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2170: 1682:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 9373: 9359: 9151: 9137: 7866: 7852: 7061: 7047: 6633:"Kazakh Turks Foundation Official Website" 6504:News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean 6363:Keith Edward Abbott; Abbas Amanat (1983). 6081: 5796: 5793:136:278–293 (2008). DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20802 5049: 4781: 4332:. Syracuse University Press. p. 365. 3325: 3323: 3044:: қыдырма қонақ) – an unexpected visitor. 78: 6780: 6694: 6094:. Ubsaliensis S. Academiae. p. 195. 5828: 5791:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 5734: 5716: 5674: 5656: 5602: 5466: 5409: 5391: 5349: 5331: 5225: 5207: 5165: 5147: 5092: 5074: 5032: 5014: 4818: 4382: 4092: 3960:Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M.; Batbayar, Kherlen. 3936: 3926: 3726: 3723:: National composition of the population. 3295: 2829:), and various horse delicacies, such as 2689:Learn how and when to remove this message 1702:Learn how and when to remove this message 1588:, but also having several branches among 1406:Kazakh is a state (official) language in 1197:Senior Horde (also called Elder or Great) 6725:. Indiana University Press. p. 70. 6036:. William Blackwood. 1948. p. 407. 4793:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 May 2015. 4709: 4603: 4601: 4550: 4364: 4186: 3755: 3565:. Office for National Statistics. 2011. 2915: 2894: 2711: 2283:In the 19th century, the advance of the 2270: 2122: 1922: 1914: 1895: 1441: 1273: 1217: 1131: 914: 811: 611: 576: 69: 7068: 6539: 5571:"Decoding a highly mixed Kazakh genome" 5435:"Decoding a highly mixed Kazakh genome" 5297: 4655: 4653: 4429: 3826: 3788:"how many kazakhs live in philippines?" 3359: 3320: 3239:(in Kazakh). April 2023. Archived from 2255:in Xinjiang have been detained in mass 1344:in place of reconstructed proto-Turkic 1282:The Kazakh language is a member of the 788:derives from the same root as the verb 14: 9996: 6938: 6936: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6637:Kazak Türkleri Vakfı Resmi Web Sayfası 6593:Andrew D. W. Forbes (9 October 1986). 6574:Andrew D. W. Forbes (9 October 1986). 4797:from the original on 24 September 2015 4759:"Online Etymology Dictionary: Cossack" 4673: 4325: 4208: 4202: 4066: 3756:Лаханұлы, Нұртай (10 September 2021). 3751: 3749: 3747: 3569:from the original on 20 September 2021 3391: 1211:Junior (also called Younger or Lesser) 9380: 9354: 9132: 7847: 7042: 6722:Muslims of the Soviet Empire: A Guide 6455:"پایگاه اطلاع رسانی استانداری گلستان" 6313:from the original on 12 December 2022 4917:from the original on 13 February 2023 4878:from the original on 13 February 2023 4819:Dubuisson, Eva Marie (28 July 2017). 4751: 4713:(1962). "History of the Semirechyé". 4598: 4346:from the original on 13 February 2023 4292: 4247: 4012:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.60 3066:: байғазы), if the gain is material. 2720:served traditionally as an appetizer. 988:, had disagreements with the sultans 796:("to obtain", "to gain"). Therefore, 616: 581: 6196:from the original on 3 December 2019 6166:from the original on 22 January 2020 4650: 4476:Journal of Systematics and Evolution 4450:from the original on 3 December 2022 4135: 3794:from the original on 27 January 2022 3531:from the original on 12 January 2018 3461: 3377:United States Department of Commerce 3013:(0.38% of all Kazakhstani Kazakhs). 2667:adding citations to reliable sources 2634: 2296:(88.7% of the total population) and 1891: 1680:adding citations to reliable sources 1647: 1603: 1520: 759:) is that it comes from the ancient 87:Regions with significant populations 6933: 6890: 6251: 4769:from the original on 3 October 2015 4607: 3997: 3978: 3843: 3780: 3744: 3625: 3589:"UAE´s population – by nationality" 1278:Distribution of the Kazakh language 24: 7873: 6773:Ember, Carol R. and Melvin Ember. 6479:. Jolay.blogfa.com. Archived from 6058: 5550:from the original on 14 April 2022 4691:from the original on 29 April 2011 4168:from the original on 13 April 2021 4117:from the original on 13 April 2021 3695:from the original on 18 March 2015 3581: 3501:from the original on 11 March 2016 3233:"Краткие итоги Переписи населения" 3180: 2936:, especially under rulers such as 2810:, a dish made from roasted horse, 1610:Y-DNA haplogroups in Kazakh tribes 1590:indigenous peoples of the Americas 1437: 1364:where other Turkic languages have 855:The exact place of origins of the 25: 10080: 6965: 6739:from the original on 9 April 2023 6613:from the original on 9 April 2023 6555:from the original on 9 April 2023 6527:from the original on 9 April 2023 6383:from the original on 9 April 2023 6283:from the original on 15 July 2021 6140:from the original on 24 June 2019 6108:from the original on 9 April 2023 6069:from the original on 21 July 2021 6040:from the original on 9 April 2023 6012:from the original on 9 April 2023 5992:Hsaio-ting Lin (1 January 2011). 5965:Hsaio-ting Lin (1 January 2011). 5942:from the original on 9 April 2023 5913:from the original on 9 April 2023 5859:from the original on 18 July 2018 5765:from the original on 21 June 2020 5619:from the original on 9 April 2023 5483:from the original on 9 April 2023 4839:from the original on 9 April 2023 4532:from the original on 27 June 2015 4407:from the original on 4 March 2020 4229:from the original on 9 April 2023 3768:from the original on 9 April 2023 3758:"Ауғанстанда қанша қазақ тұрады?" 3639:from the original on 4 April 2023 3405:from the original on 8 March 2016 2899:Kazakh girls in traditional dress 2218:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 852:, which was established in 1465. 816:Kazakh eagle-hunter, 19th century 9339:Assembly of People of Kazakhstan 9109:, distinct from Levantine (i.e. 7282: 6844: 6831: 6818: 6805: 6792: 6751: 6712: 6665: 6625: 6511: 6495: 6469: 6447: 6431:. Ethnologue.com. Archived from 6344:from the original on 4 July 2016 4903:. Lexington Books. p. 210. 4864:. Springer Nature. p. 145. 4436:. Oxford University Press, USA. 3665:from the original on 14 May 2021 3550:Ukrainian population census 2001 3449:from the original on 13 May 2016 3307:Federal State Statistics Service 3265:from the original on 11 May 2021 2788:. Other popular meat dishes are 2736:, as well as a variety of dairy 2639: 2355:(17.1% of population total) and 2214:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 2143:resulted in the native Buddhist 1652: 1418:Uyghur Autonomous Region in the 662:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 475: 457: 439: 421: 403: 385: 366: 347: 328: 309: 291: 273: 255: 237: 219: 201: 183: 165: 147: 129: 111: 93: 6826:Asia and Pacific Review 2003/04 6520:Problèmes politiques et sociaux 6421: 6395: 6325: 6295: 6269: 6240: 6222: 6208: 6178: 6152: 6120: 6052: 6024: 5985: 5958: 5925: 5896: 5871: 5845: 5751: 5691: 5631: 5562: 5495: 5426: 5366: 5306: 5242: 5182: 5122: 5109: 4989: 4963: 4938: 4929: 4890: 4851: 4740: 4725: 4703: 4667: 4583: 4544: 4514: 4462: 4423: 4358: 4326:Pultar, Gönül (14 April 2014). 4319: 4286: 4266: 4241: 4180: 4129: 4060: 3991: 3972: 3953: 3902: 3876: 3837: 3820: 3814:"Kazakh | Ethnologue Free" 3806: 3707: 3677: 3651: 3611: 3595:. 12 April 2015. Archived from 3555: 3543: 3513: 3487: 3303:"Национальный состав населения" 3213:Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan 2776:sheet, and a meat broth called 2234:Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County 1991:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1086: 6813:Islam: Beliefs and Observances 6800:Islam: Beliefs and Observances 6599:. CUP Archive. pp. 236–. 6580:. CUP Archive. pp. 156–. 6405:. Anobanini.ir. Archived from 6309:(in Russian). 21 August 2021. 4622:(inactive 29 September 2024). 3998:Lee, Joo-Yup (26 April 2019), 3342: 3277: 3247: 3225: 2928:In the late 14th century, the 2542: 2275:Kazakh hunters with eagles in 2226:Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County 2165: 2151: 2139:in the 18th century after the 1403:switch to the Latin alphabet. 1097:epic tradition of oral history 13: 1: 10029:Ethnic groups in Turkmenistan 6673:"Loading site please wait..." 5855:. Demoscope.ru. 27 May 2007. 5267:10.1080/03014460.2020.1837952 5117:5000 Years of Chinese History 4209:Olcott, Martha Brill (1995). 3218: 3016: 2473: 2238:Mori Kazakh Autonomous County 2208:In China there is one Kazakh 2179:officially recognized by the 1637: 1079:probably comes from the same 958: 941:Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat 920: 702:departed from the Khanate of 10039:Muslim communities of Russia 9971:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians 9329:Demographics of Central Asia 6429:"Ethnologue report for Iran" 5998:. UBC Press. pp. 231–. 5789:Turkic Population History." 5393:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 5016:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 4732:Kenzheakhmet Nurlan (2013). 4590:Kenzheakhmet Nurlan (2013). 4067:Kolsto, Pal (January 1998). 2851:) is the most common Kazakh 2147:population being massacred. 1596:(predominantly European) or 1580:In every sample of Kazakhs, 1204:Middle (also called Central) 1091:Like many people who live a 720: 7: 10034:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan 10024:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan 10014:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan 10009:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 9160:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan 6548:Espace populations sociétés 4430:Findley, Carter V. (2005). 4293:Yudin, Veniamin P. (2001). 4215:. Hoover Press. p. 4. 3372:United States Census Bureau 3191: 2911: 2884: 2266: 1410:. It is also spoken in the 1392:Kazakh nationalist movement 1259: 1095:lifestyle, Kazakhs keep an 912:("freedom", "Qazaq-ness"). 838:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation 648:but also parts of northern 605: 570: 63: 10: 10085: 9334:Demographics of Kazakhstan 6998:, pp. 307–316. 2012. 6989:, pp. 167–182. 2012. 6980:, pp. 103–111. 2012. 5971:. UBC Press. p. 112. 5587:10.1007/s00439-020-02132-8 5451:10.1007/s00439-020-02132-8 5333:10.1186/s13104-021-05464-4 5149:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5 4433:The Turks in World History 3928:10.1186/s12863-020-00897-5 3659:"Kazakhstan country brief" 3184: 2888: 2705: 2701: 2628: 2624: 2363:Ethnic Kazakhs of Mongolia 2244:Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2181:People's Republic of China 2116: 2105: 2055: 2005: 1908: 1900:Map of the Kazakh diaspora 1644:Demographics of Kazakhstan 1641: 1634:(9% and 1%) respectively. 1607: 1420:People's Republic of China 1356:; furthermore, Kazakh has 1263: 1125: 980:conquest of Central Asia, 807: 652:, the border regions with 36: 29: 10069:Nomadic groups in Eurasia 10019:Ethnic groups in Mongolia 9869: 9805: 9787: 9769: 9599: 9470: 9393: 9386: 9323: 9242: 9194: 9166: 9091: 9055: 9029: 8774: 8732: 8678: 8650: 8448: 8390: 8357: 8276: 8253: 8210:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks 8083: 8037: 7992: 7961: 7890: 7881: 7810: 7721: 7693: 7684: 7578: 7569: 7509: 7500: 7419: 7410: 7378: 7300: 7291: 7280: 7262: 7211: 7120: 7089: 7080: 6852:"inform.kz | 154837" 5718:10.3389/fgene.2021.801295 5209:10.3389/fgene.2021.801295 4632:– via oxfordre.com. 4569:10.1080/00210868808701712 4384:10.1163/22105018-12340089 4254:. Macmillan. p. 38. 4154:10.1163/22105018-12340054 4085:10.1080/09668139808412523 3827:Scripka, Abigail (2022). 3335:15 September 2011 at the 2606: 2482:and northern Uzbekistan. 1904: 1797:Population in Kazakhstan 1122:Three Kazakh Juz (Hordes) 1067: 1058: 599: 564: 530: 525: 513: 508: 496: 491: 473: 455: 437: 419: 401: 383: 363: 345: 325: 307: 289: 271: 253: 235: 217: 199: 181: 163: 145: 127: 109: 91: 86: 77: 57: 54: 9078:Turkish Cypriot diaspora 8746:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars 7016:, pp. 81–95. 2013. 7007:, pp. 10–14. 2013. 6870: 4274: 3833:(Thesis). Tartu Ülikool. 3350:"Kyrgyzstan census 2022" 3144: 2963:collective consciousness 2535:. Since the fall of the 2112: 2106::of those who responded 1997:Ethnic Kazakhs of Russia 873:Ancient Northeast Asians 834:Western Turkic Khaganate 518:, minorities practicing 37:Not to be confused with 10004:Ethnic groups in Russia 8235:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman 7891:Azerbaijani communities 7310:Altay (Altai) Mountains 6911:"Обычаи гостеприимства" 6757:Khodarkovsky, Michael. 5255:Annals of Human Biology 5076:10.3390/biology10121324 3862:10.1556/062.2018.71.2.1 3719:18 January 2012 at the 2922:Kazakh wedding ceremony 2839:from horse's neck) and 2800:(horse meat sausages), 2485: 1466:farmers, peaking among 908: 824:, including the Sakas ( 799: 791: 783: 765: 755: 742: 32:Kazakh (disambiguation) 10049:Turkic peoples of Asia 9068:Crimean Tatar diaspora 8245:Western Thracian Turks 8180:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman 7534:Science and technology 7254:Republic of Kazakhstan 3714:population census 2009 2925: 2900: 2721: 2366:national censuses data 2280: 2135:Kazakhs migrated into 2132: 2000:national censuses data 1934: 1920: 1901: 1447: 1394:sprang up against the 1336:Kazakh belongs to the 1279: 1179:In modern Kazakhstan, 1176: 1038: 924: 817: 731: 675:Kazakh identity is of 10054:Ethnic groups in Iran 8775:Extinct Turkic groups 8733:Turkic minorities in 8680:Turkic minorities in 8651:Turkic minorities in 8449:Turkic minorities in 7927:Georgian Azerbaijanis 6643:on 13 September 2016. 6263:27 March 2009 at the 6247:Sharyngol city review 6088:Linda Benson (1988). 5705:Frontiers in Genetics 5658:10.3390/genes13101826 5196:Frontiers in Genetics 3979:Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M. 3844:Lee, Joo-Yup (2018). 2919: 2898: 2715: 2631:Culture of Kazakhstan 2595:, between the rivers 2274: 2247:At least one million 2210:autonomous prefecture 2126: 1926: 1918: 1899: 1445: 1277: 1218:History of the Hordes 1135: 1046:Imperial Russian Army 1033: 1016:khan of Moghulistan, 918: 815: 526:Related ethnic groups 10044:Ethnic Kazakh people 9093:Central Asian (i.e. 9063:Azerbaijani diaspora 8400:Iranian Azerbaijanis 8038:Turkmen communities 7934:Western Azerbaijanis 7904:Iranian Azerbaijanis 7224:List of Kazakh khans 6459:www.golestanstate.ir 6234:4 March 2016 at the 6192:. 12 November 2018. 6033:Blackwood's Magazine 4684:Encyclopædia Iranica 4561:Taylor & Francis 4248:Caroe, Olaf (1953). 4136:Buri, Tabea (2016). 4000:"The Kazakh Khanate" 3243:on 2 September 2022. 2754:preservation of food 2663:improve this section 2294:Bayan-Ölgii Province 2277:Bayan-Ölgii Province 2251:, Kazakhs and other 1676:improve this section 1458:_N" sample from the 670:Bayan-Ölgii Province 336:United Arab Emirates 30:For other uses, see 8084:Turkish communities 7950:Javanshir Qizilbash 7335:Khan Tangiri Shyngy 7315:Aral Karakum Desert 7178:Kara-Khanid Khanate 7163:Xueyantuo Khaganate 6858:on 20 October 2007. 6676:www.kazakhembus.com 6465:on 7 December 2009. 6409:on 28 February 2012 6136:. 4 December 2018. 4282:on 5 February 2006. 4073:Europe-Asia Studies 3401:. 26 October 2009. 2368: 2222:autonomous counties 2002: 1716: 1618:(66.7% and 59.5%), 1075:The Ukrainian term 976:At the time of the 863:, specifically the 618:[qɑzɑqˈtɑr] 51: 9850:in the Netherlands 9440:in the Netherlands 8608:Siberian Bukharans 8410:Chaharmahali Turks 8391:Turkic minorities 8358:Turkic minorities 8277:Turkic minorities 7993:Kyrgyz communities 7962:Kazakh communities 7539:Telecommunications 6948:visitkazakhstan.kz 6921:on 7 November 2019 6483:on 25 October 2009 6435:on 4 February 2012 6332:electricpulp.com. 6218:. 16 October 2018. 5320:BMC Research Notes 5115:Li Bo; Zheng Yin. 4721:. pp. 137–65. 4526:www.britannica.com 4176:– via JSTOR. 4125:– via JSTOR. 3890:. 10 November 2023 3888:www.britannica.com 2926: 2901: 2722: 2515:Kazakhs' rebellion 2362: 2281: 2133: 1996: 1935: 1932:Fyodor Dostoyevsky 1921: 1902: 1714: 1448: 1280: 1177: 984:, a descendant of 931:sources, the term 925: 865:Altai-Sayan region 818: 49: 9991: 9990: 9951:Megleno-Romanians 9865: 9864: 9381:Muslims in Europe 9348: 9347: 9243:Minorities <1% 9195:Minorities >1% 9126: 9125: 9025: 9024: 8936: 8929: 8890: 8766:Tatars of Romania 8739: 8708: 8665:Mongolian Kazakhs 8636: 8610: 8603: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8480: 8473: 8466: 8343: 8309: 8220:Palestinian Turks 8215:Montenegrin Turks 8139: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8099: 8069: 8060: 8053: 8013: 7984:Mongolian Kazakhs 7952: 7943: 7936: 7929: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7841: 7840: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7565: 7564: 7496: 7495: 7488:Political parties 7461:Freedom of speech 7434:Foreign relations 7406: 7405: 7278: 7277: 7234:Russian Turkestan 7158:Oghuz Yabgu State 7033:978-3-86219-565-7 6837:Atabaki, Touraj. 6811:Farah, Caesar E. 6798:Farah, Caesar E. 6732:978-0-253-33958-4 6606:978-0-521-25514-1 6587:978-0-521-25514-1 6376:978-0-86372-006-2 6338:iranicaonline.org 6101:978-91-554-2255-4 6005:978-0-7748-5988-2 5978:978-0-7748-5988-2 5809:Am. J. Hum. Genet 5520:10.1159/000022793 4977:. 12 October 2021 4910:978-1-4985-2830-6 4871:978-3-030-58685-0 4832:978-0-8229-8283-8 4679:"Abu'l-Kayr Khan" 4629:978-0-19-027772-7 4488:10.1111/jse.12938 4443:978-0-19-517726-8 4339:978-0-8156-3342-6 4312:978-9965-441-39-4 4222:978-0-8179-9351-1 4148:(1): 79–96 (87). 4021:978-0-19-027772-7 3740:on 13 March 2016. 3689:Statistik Austria 3521:"Population data" 3497:. 20 March 2010. 3429:joshuaproject.net 2863:, onions, and/or 2699: 2698: 2691: 2613:Soviet–Afghan War 2525:Golestan Province 2498:by slave dealers 2471: 2470: 2261:reeducation camps 2220:and three Kazakh 2173: 2150:Kazakhs, called " 2110: 2109: 1928:Shoqan Walikhanov 1911:Kazakhs in Russia 1892:Kazakh minorities 1889: 1888: 1789: 1788: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1604:Paternal lineages 1521:Maternal lineages 1240:into most of the 1175: 1174: 1008:on the border of 996:, descendants of 965:, and was called 750:and belongings). 545: 544: 16:(Redirected from 10076: 9567:Western Thracian 9391: 9390: 9375: 9368: 9361: 9352: 9351: 9153: 9146: 9139: 9130: 9129: 9073:Turkish diaspora 8932: 8925: 8886: 8737: 8719:Karategin Uzbeks 8704: 8632: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8566:Astrakhan Tatars 8564: 8529: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8435:Iranian Turkmens 8367:Crimean Karaites 8339: 8305: 8205:Macedonian Turks 8170:Dodecanese Turks 8135: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8095: 8067:Iranian Turkmens 8065: 8056: 8049: 8009: 7948: 7939: 7932: 7925: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7888: 7887: 7868: 7861: 7854: 7845: 7844: 7826: 7819: 7691: 7690: 7666:Wedding ceremony 7626: 7576: 7575: 7557:Waste management 7547: 7507: 7506: 7417: 7416: 7388:Cities and towns 7360:Tien (Tian) Shan 7298: 7297: 7286: 7188:Chagatai Khanate 7173:Kyrgyz Khaganate 7168:Uyghur Khaganate 7133:Rouran Khaganate 7087: 7086: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7040: 7039: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6940: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6917:. Archived from 6907: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6854:. Archived from 6848: 6842: 6835: 6829: 6822: 6816: 6809: 6803: 6796: 6790: 6787: 6778: 6771: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6716: 6710: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6678:. Archived from 6669: 6663: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6639:. Archived from 6629: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6591: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6461:. Archived from 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6273: 6267: 6255: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5832: 5800: 5794: 5786: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5738: 5720: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5660: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5606: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5470: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5413: 5395: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5353: 5335: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5261:(7–8): 620–628. 5246: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5211: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5169: 5151: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5096: 5078: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5036: 5018: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4816: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4755: 4749: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4719:Brill Publishers 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4657: 4648: 4647: 4641: 4633: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4482:(6): 1056–1064. 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4386: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4196:Brill Publishers 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4096: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4024:, archived from 3995: 3989: 3988: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3940: 3930: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3753: 3742: 3741: 3730: 3724: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3471:. Archived from 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3229: 3208:Kazakh Canadians 3203:Kazakh Americans 3167:Gaziza Zhubanova 2742:fat-tailed sheep 2728:revolves around 2694: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2643: 2635: 2564:Baghlan Province 2369: 2367: 2361: 2177:56 ethnic groups 2174: 2171: 2167: 2158: 2141:Dzungar genocide 2119:Kazakhs in China 2003: 2001: 1995: 1791: 1790: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1656: 1648: 1371: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1166: 1155: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1112:Abai Qunanbaiuly 1070: 1069: 1065:Cossack - 1061: 1060: 1029:Tarikh-i-Rashidi 982:Abu'l-Khayr Khan 960: 937:Tarikh-i-Rashidi 922: 911: 861:Southern Siberia 802: 794: 786: 768: 758: 745: 734: 704:Abu'l-Khayr Khan 628: 627: 626: 620: 614: 613: 608: 602: 601: 597: 593: 592: 591: 585: 583:[qɑˈzɑq] 579: 578: 573: 567: 566: 562: 481: 479: 478: 463: 461: 460: 445: 443: 442: 427: 425: 424: 409: 407: 406: 391: 389: 388: 376: 372: 370: 369: 353: 351: 350: 338: 334: 332: 331: 315: 313: 312: 297: 295: 294: 279: 277: 276: 261: 259: 258: 243: 241: 240: 225: 223: 222: 207: 205: 204: 189: 187: 186: 171: 169: 168: 153: 151: 150: 135: 133: 132: 117: 115: 114: 99: 97: 96: 82: 72: 71: 66: 60: 59: 52: 48: 21: 10084: 10083: 10079: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10073: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9861: 9801: 9783: 9765: 9601:North Caucasian 9595: 9507:Dobrujan Tatars 9466: 9382: 9379: 9349: 9344: 9343: 9319: 9238: 9190: 9162: 9157: 9127: 9122: 9087: 9083:Kazakh diaspora 9051: 9021: 8770: 8736: 8734: 8728: 8690:Afghan Turkmens 8681: 8674: 8652: 8646: 8601:Siberian Tatars 8525: 8450: 8444: 8440:Iranian Kazakhs 8420:Khorasani Turks 8392: 8386: 8359: 8353: 8296:Chinese Kazakhs 8278: 8272: 8255: 8254:Turkic peoples 8249: 8150:Bulgarian Turks 8126:Abkhazian Turks 8079: 8051:Afghan Turkmens 8033: 7988: 7979:Iranian Kazakhs 7974:Chinese Kazakhs 7957: 7877: 7872: 7842: 7837: 7829: 7822: 7815: 7798: 7717: 7680: 7624: 7561: 7545: 7492: 7473:Law enforcement 7402: 7374: 7340:Kyzylkum Desert 7287: 7274: 7258: 7207: 7116: 7076: 7067: 6968: 6963: 6962: 6952: 6950: 6942: 6941: 6934: 6924: 6922: 6909: 6908: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6878:on 12 June 2013 6872: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6836: 6832: 6823: 6819: 6810: 6806: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6781: 6772: 6765: 6756: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6733: 6717: 6713: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6652: 6648: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6607: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6486: 6484: 6475: 6474: 6470: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6386: 6384: 6377: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6330: 6326: 6316: 6314: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6265:Wayback Machine 6256: 6252: 6245: 6241: 6236:Wayback Machine 6227: 6223: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6102: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6065:. p. 192. 6059:Devlet, Nadir. 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6006: 5990: 5986: 5979: 5963: 5959: 5945: 5943: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5696: 5692: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5567: 5563: 5553: 5551: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5431: 5427: 5386:(4): e1005068. 5371: 5367: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5247: 5243: 5187: 5183: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5110: 5054: 5050: 5009:(4): e1005068. 4994: 4990: 4980: 4978: 4975:Emerging Europe 4969: 4968: 4964: 4954: 4952: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4872: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4833: 4817: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4787: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4745: 4741: 4730: 4726: 4711:Barthold, V. V. 4708: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4672: 4668: 4659: 4658: 4651: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4606: 4599: 4588: 4584: 4553:Iranian Studies 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4444: 4428: 4424: 4410: 4408: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4340: 4324: 4320: 4313: 4291: 4287: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4223: 4207: 4203: 4188:Barthold, V. V. 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4065: 4061: 4049: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4028:on 15 June 2023 4022: 3996: 3992: 3977: 3973: 3958: 3954: 3921:(Suppl 1): 87. 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3842: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3762:Азаттық Радиосы 3754: 3745: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3721:Wayback Machine 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3599:on 11 July 2015 3587: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3475:on 4 March 2016 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3339:(in Mongolian.) 3337:Wayback Machine 3328: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3194: 3189: 3187:List of Kazakhs 3183: 3181:Notable Kazakhs 3147: 3019: 2914: 2905:Kazakh clothing 2893: 2891:Kazakh clothing 2887: 2746:Bactrian camels 2710: 2704: 2695: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2660: 2644: 2633: 2627: 2609: 2580:are a group of 2578:Afghan Kypchaks 2560:Takhar Province 2545: 2523:live mainly in 2521:Iranian Kazakhs 2505:Kazakhs of the 2488: 2476: 2365: 2364: 2269: 2257:detention camps 2194:led by General 2186:In 1936, after 2121: 2115: 1999: 1998: 1913: 1907: 1894: 1708: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1673: 1657: 1646: 1640: 1612: 1606: 1523: 1487:Japanese people 1440: 1438:Genetic studies 1287:language family 1272: 1270:Kazakh alphabet 1266:Kazakh language 1264:Main articles: 1262: 1242:Dasht-i Qipchaq 1220: 1171: 1164: 1160: 1153: 1149: 1142: 1130: 1124: 1089: 954:Desht-i Qipchaq 828:-related), the 822:Eurasian Steppe 810: 723: 656:, northwestern 622: 621: 595: 587: 586: 560: 476: 474: 458: 456: 440: 438: 422: 420: 404: 402: 386: 384: 367: 365: 364: 348: 346: 329: 327: 326: 310: 308: 292: 290: 274: 272: 256: 254: 238: 236: 231:10,000–40,000 220: 218: 202: 200: 184: 182: 166: 164: 148: 146: 130: 128: 112: 110: 94: 92: 73: 67: 61: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10082: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9921: 9911: 9910: 9909: 9904: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9873: 9871: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9799: 9793: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9781: 9775: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9605: 9603: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9587: 9586: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9512:Finnish Tatars 9509: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9495:Crimean Tatars 9492: 9487: 9482: 9476: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9408:Cham Albanians 9399: 9397: 9388: 9384: 9383: 9378: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9355: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9236: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9181: 9170: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9156: 9155: 9148: 9141: 9133: 9124: 9123: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9057: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 9002:Yenisei Kyrgyz 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8938: 8937: 8930: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8892: 8891: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8778: 8776: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8751:Finnish Tatars 8748: 8742: 8740: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8656: 8654: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8611: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8576: 8569: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8531: 8530: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8454: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8396: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8372:Crimean Tatars 8369: 8363: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8351: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8315:Chinese Uzbeks 8312: 8311: 8310: 8301:Chinese Kyrgyz 8298: 8293: 8291:Chinese Tatars 8288: 8282: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8265: 8259: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8240:Tunisian Turks 8237: 8232: 8227: 8225:Romanian Turks 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8195:Lebanese Turks 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8175:Egyptian Turks 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8155:Croatian Turks 8152: 8147: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8131:Algerian Turks 8128: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8041: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8005:Chinese Kyrgyz 8002: 7996: 7994: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7965: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7954: 7953: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7930: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7914: 7894: 7892: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7875:Turkic peoples 7871: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7828: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7620: 7615: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7529:Stock Exchange 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7449:Prime Minister 7446: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7305:Aktogay Canyon 7301: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7239:Alash Autonomy 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7219:Kazakh Khanate 7215: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7124: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7093: 7091: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7024: 7019: 7010: 7001: 6992: 6983: 6974: 6967: 6966:External links 6964: 6961: 6960: 6932: 6889: 6861: 6843: 6830: 6817: 6804: 6791: 6779: 6763: 6750: 6731: 6711: 6708:978-0822565888 6693: 6682:on 1 July 2017 6664: 6661:978-1900988612 6646: 6624: 6605: 6586: 6566: 6538: 6510: 6494: 6468: 6446: 6420: 6394: 6375: 6355: 6324: 6294: 6268: 6250: 6239: 6221: 6207: 6177: 6151: 6119: 6100: 6080: 6051: 6023: 6004: 5984: 5977: 5957: 5924: 5895: 5870: 5844: 5821:10.1086/342096 5795: 5776: 5750: 5690: 5630: 5581:(5): 557–568. 5575:Human Genetics 5561: 5514:(3): 126–137. 5508:Human Heredity 5494: 5445:(5): 557–568. 5439:Human Genetics 5425: 5365: 5305: 5296: 5241: 5181: 5121: 5108: 5048: 4988: 4962: 4937: 4928: 4909: 4889: 4870: 4850: 4831: 4808: 4780: 4763:Etymonline.com 4750: 4739: 4736:. p. 140. 4724: 4702: 4666: 4649: 4628: 4597: 4594:. p. 133. 4582: 4543: 4513: 4461: 4442: 4422: 4377:(2): 197–239. 4357: 4338: 4318: 4311: 4305:: Dajk-Press. 4285: 4265: 4240: 4221: 4201: 4198:. p. 129. 4179: 4128: 4059: 4020: 3990: 3971: 3952: 3901: 3875: 3856:(2): 121–144. 3836: 3819: 3805: 3779: 3743: 3725: 3706: 3676: 3650: 3624: 3610: 3580: 3554: 3542: 3512: 3486: 3469:"Казахи Ирана" 3460: 3445:. 8 May 2013. 3434: 3416: 3390: 3358: 3341: 3319: 3294: 3276: 3246: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3190: 3185:Main article: 3182: 3179: 3146: 3143: 3018: 3015: 2934:Kazakh Khanate 2913: 2910: 2889:Main article: 2886: 2883: 2806:(also spelled 2726:Kazakh cuisine 2708:Kazakh cuisine 2706:Main article: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2647: 2645: 2638: 2629:Main article: 2626: 2623: 2608: 2605: 2568:Mazar-i-Sharif 2558:and others in 2544: 2541: 2502:and Turkmens. 2487: 2484: 2480:Karakalpakstan 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2298:Khovd Province 2285:Russian Empire 2268: 2265: 2159:" in Chinese ( 2117:Main article: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 1987:Altai Republic 1909:Main article: 1906: 1903: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1710: 1709: 1660: 1658: 1651: 1642:Main article: 1639: 1636: 1622:(9% and 26%), 1608:Main article: 1605: 1602: 1574:Altai Republic 1522: 1519: 1507:Devil’s Gate 1 1439: 1436: 1432:Khovd province 1414:region of the 1319:Eastern Europe 1261: 1258: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1173: 1172: 1163: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1141: 1126:Main article: 1123: 1120: 1116:Westernization 1103:) and poetry ( 1088: 1085: 1073: 1072: 1063: 1056:Kazakh - 857:Turkic peoples 850:Kazakh Khanate 809: 806: 778:Veniamin Yudin 722: 719: 681:Kazakh Khanate 664:) and western 642:Eastern Europe 551:(also spelled 543: 542: 528: 527: 523: 522: 514:Predominantly 511: 510: 506: 505: 494: 493: 489: 488: 485: 471: 470: 467: 453: 452: 449: 435: 434: 431: 417: 416: 413: 399: 398: 395: 381: 380: 377: 361: 360: 357: 343: 342: 339: 323: 322: 319: 317:United Kingdom 305: 304: 301: 287: 286: 283: 281:Czech Republic 269: 268: 265: 251: 250: 247: 233: 232: 229: 215: 214: 211: 197: 196: 193: 179: 178: 175: 161: 160: 157: 143: 142: 139: 125: 124: 121: 107: 106: 103: 89: 88: 84: 83: 75: 74: 55: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10081: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10059:Modern nomads 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9984: 9981: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9868: 9858: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9804: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9768: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9584:Mishar Tatars 9582: 9581: 9580: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9501: 9498: 9497: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9395:Indo-European 9392: 9389: 9385: 9376: 9371: 9369: 9364: 9362: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9176: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9165: 9161: 9154: 9149: 9147: 9142: 9140: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9121:territories). 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9054: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8935: 8931: 8928: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8889: 8885: 8884: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8822:Black Klobuks 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8738:(exc. Russia) 8731: 8725: 8724:Afghan Kyrgyz 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8677: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8640: 8635: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8580:Mishar Tatars 8577: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8479: 8475: 8472: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8356: 8350: 8347: 8342: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8256:in Uzbekistan 8252: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8230:Serbian Turks 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8190:Kosovan Turks 8188: 8186: 8185:Israeli Turks 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8165:Cypriot Turks 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8145:Bosnian Turks 8143: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8119: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8073: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8019:Afghan Kyrgyz 8017: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7931: 7928: 7924: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7869: 7864: 7862: 7857: 7855: 7850: 7849: 7846: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7821: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7720: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7676:Kazakh tribes 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7613: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7524:National Bank 7522: 7520: 7519:Energy policy 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7350:Sharyn Canyon 7348: 7346: 7345:Lake Balkhash 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7330:Kazakh Steppe 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7203:Uzbek Khanate 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7183:Mongol Empire 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148:Kimek Khanate 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7121:Early history 7119: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7064: 7059: 7057: 7052: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6973: 6972:Kazakh tribes 6970: 6969: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6877: 6873: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6840: 6834: 6827: 6824:Page, Kogan. 6821: 6814: 6808: 6801: 6795: 6786: 6784: 6776: 6770: 6768: 6760: 6754: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6715: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6589: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6570: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6526: 6522: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6312: 6308: 6307:Радио Азаттык 6304: 6298: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6254: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6225: 6217: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5988: 5980: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5961: 5954: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5928: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5899: 5883: 5882: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5815:(3): 466–82. 5814: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5380:PLOS Genetics 5377: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5309: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5125: 5118: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5003:PLOS Genetics 5000: 4992: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4932: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4893: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4854: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4813: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4743: 4735: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4662: 4656: 4654: 4645: 4639: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4612: 4604: 4602: 4593: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4434: 4426: 4419: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4322: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4244: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4055: 4042: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3889: 3885: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3832: 3831: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3620: 3614: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3171:Roza Rymbaeva 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3153: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2918: 2909: 2906: 2897: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2877:'s milk) and 2876: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738:milk products 2735: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2716:A platter of 2714: 2709: 2693: 2690: 2682: 2679:December 2022 2672: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2648:This section 2646: 2642: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2511:Trans-Caspian 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2273: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2162: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2146: 2145:Dzungar Oirat 2142: 2138: 2131:, China, 1987 2130: 2125: 2120: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1912: 1898: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1792: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1706: 1703: 1695: 1692:December 2022 1685: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1661:This section 1659: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1630:(4% and 0%), 1629: 1626:(2% and 0%), 1625: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1444: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1361: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1170: 1162: 1159: 1151: 1148: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1064: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 970: 968: 964: 956: 955: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929:Turko-Persian 917: 913: 910: 905: 901: 896: 894: 893:Kazakh Steppe 891:known as the 890: 887:and southern 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 842:Mongol Empire 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 814: 805: 803: 801: 795: 793: 787: 785: 779: 776: 772: 771:Vasily Radlov 767: 762: 757: 751: 749: 744: 738: 733: 728: 718: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 686: 682: 678: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 632: 625: 619: 607: 590: 584: 572: 558: 554: 550: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 521: 517: 512: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 486: 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Retrieved 6947: 6923:. Retrieved 6919:the original 6914: 6880:. Retrieved 6876:the original 6864: 6856:the original 6846: 6838: 6833: 6825: 6820: 6812: 6807: 6799: 6794: 6774: 6758: 6753: 6741:. Retrieved 6721: 6714: 6696: 6684:. Retrieved 6680:the original 6675: 6667: 6649: 6641:the original 6636: 6627: 6615:. Retrieved 6595: 6576: 6569: 6559:28 September 6557:. Retrieved 6547: 6541: 6531:28 September 6529:. Retrieved 6519: 6513: 6503: 6497: 6485:. Retrieved 6481:the original 6471: 6463:the original 6458: 6449: 6437:. Retrieved 6433:the original 6423: 6411:. Retrieved 6407:the original 6397: 6385:. Retrieved 6365: 6358: 6346:. Retrieved 6337: 6327: 6315:. Retrieved 6306: 6297: 6285:. Retrieved 6271: 6253: 6242: 6224: 6210: 6198:. Retrieved 6180: 6168:. Retrieved 6154: 6142:. Retrieved 6133:The Diplomat 6131: 6122: 6112:28 September 6110:. Retrieved 6090: 6083: 6071:. Retrieved 6061: 6054: 6044:28 September 6042:. Retrieved 6032: 6026: 6016:28 September 6014:. Retrieved 5994: 5987: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5946:29 September 5944:. Retrieved 5934: 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5905: 5898: 5886:. Retrieved 5880: 5873: 5861:. Retrieved 5847: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5790: 5767:. Retrieved 5753: 5708: 5704: 5693: 5651:(10): 1826. 5648: 5644: 5633: 5621:. Retrieved 5578: 5574: 5564: 5552:. Retrieved 5511: 5507: 5497: 5485:. Retrieved 5442: 5438: 5428: 5383: 5379: 5368: 5323: 5319: 5308: 5299: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5199: 5195: 5184: 5139: 5136:BMC Genetics 5135: 5124: 5116: 5111: 5069:(12): 1324. 5066: 5062: 5051: 5006: 5002: 4991: 4981:24 September 4979:. Retrieved 4974: 4965: 4955:24 September 4953:. Retrieved 4949: 4940: 4931: 4919:. Retrieved 4899: 4892: 4880:. Retrieved 4860: 4853: 4841:. Retrieved 4821: 4799:. Retrieved 4789: 4783: 4771:. Retrieved 4762: 4753: 4742: 4733: 4727: 4714: 4705: 4693:. Retrieved 4682: 4675:Bregel, Yuri 4669: 4610: 4591: 4585: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4525: 4516: 4507: 4479: 4475: 4464: 4452:. Retrieved 4432: 4425: 4416: 4409:. Retrieved 4374: 4370: 4360: 4348:. Retrieved 4328: 4321: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4280:the original 4268: 4250: 4243: 4231:. Retrieved 4211: 4204: 4191: 4182: 4170:. Retrieved 4145: 4141: 4131: 4119:. Retrieved 4079:(1): 51–69. 4076: 4072: 4062: 4030:, retrieved 4026:the original 4003: 3993: 3985:academia.edu 3984: 3974: 3966:academia.edu 3965: 3955: 3918: 3915:BMC Genetics 3914: 3904: 3892:. Retrieved 3887: 3878: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3829: 3822: 3808: 3796:. Retrieved 3782: 3770:. Retrieved 3761: 3738:the original 3728: 3709: 3697:. Retrieved 3679: 3669:12 September 3667:. Retrieved 3653: 3641:. Retrieved 3627: 3613: 3601:. Retrieved 3597:the original 3592: 3583: 3571:. Retrieved 3557: 3545: 3533:. Retrieved 3524: 3515: 3503:. Retrieved 3489: 3477:. Retrieved 3473:the original 3463: 3451:. Retrieved 3437: 3428: 3419: 3407:. Retrieved 3393: 3381:. Retrieved 3370: 3361: 3344: 3310:. Retrieved 3297: 3289:data.egov.uz 3288: 3279: 3267:. Retrieved 3259:Stats.gov.cn 3258: 3249: 3241:the original 3236: 3227: 3198:Chala Kazakh 3156: 3150: 3148: 3134: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3109: 3108: 3099: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3046: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3006: 3003: 2999:Marat Tazhin 2990:Soviet Union 2987: 2950:Central Asia 2930:Golden Horde 2927: 2903:Traditional 2902: 2868: 2848: 2840: 2830: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2767: 2766: 2724:Traditional 2723: 2685: 2676: 2661:Please help 2649: 2620: 2617: 2610: 2576: 2553: 2546: 2537:Soviet Union 2527:in northern 2519: 2504: 2489: 2477: 2282: 2246: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2188:Sheng Shicai 2185: 2164: 2149: 2134: 1936: 1698: 1689: 1674:Please help 1662: 1613: 1585: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1524: 1515: 1511: 1503: 1484: 1464:Yellow River 1456:Devil’s Gate 1449: 1405: 1396:Soviet Union 1389: 1381: 1377:vowel length 1374: 1352:in place of 1335: 1323:Central Asia 1281: 1221: 1186: 1178: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1090: 1087:Oral history 1074: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1018:Esen Buqa II 975: 971: 966: 952: 936: 932: 926: 900:Central Asia 897: 885:Central Asia 881:Central Asia 854: 846:Golden Horde 819: 797: 789: 781: 752: 737:Proto-Turkic 724: 714: 710: 708: 692:Golden Horde 674: 638:Central Asia 634:ethnic group 552: 548: 546: 267:3,000–15,000 46:Ethnic group 43: 18:Kazakh Horde 9681:Circassians 8982:Toquz Oghuz 8921:Oghuz Turks 8888:Sir-Kıvchak 8682:Afghanistan 8425:Qarai Turks 8341:Tor Uyghurs 8320:Fuyu Kyrgyz 8268:Karakalpaks 8137:Kouloughlis 7941:Karapapakhs 7514:Agriculture 7325:Caspian Sea 7244:Kazakh ASSR 7198:White Horde 6953:11 November 6915:www.bilu.kz 6387:14 November 6317:12 December 6287:11 November 6200:25 December 6170:25 December 6144:25 December 5769:1 September 4921:13 February 4882:13 February 4843:13 February 4454:21 December 4411:21 December 4350:13 February 4212:The Kazakhs 4094:10852/25215 4032:11 November 3894:11 November 3772:12 November 3593:BQ Magazine 3312:30 December 2971:pan-Turkism 2924:in a mosque 2873:(fermented 2855:dish, with 2543:Afghanistan 2490:During the 2339:provinces, 2318:Ulaanbaatar 2127:Kazakhs in 1979:Novosibirsk 1963:Chelyabinsk 1885:14,220,321 1877:13,497,891 1869:10,096,763 1495:Han Chinese 1472:Karakalpaks 1468:Han Chinese 1460:Amur region 1428:Bayan-Ölgii 1390:In 1927, a 1315:Azerbaijani 1254:Nogai Horde 1213:(Kishi juz) 1010:Moghulistan 967:Uzbeg-Kazák 963:Moghulistan 933:Özbek-Qazaq 877:Amur region 780:, the noun 775:Orientalist 715:Kazakhstani 483:Philippines 465:Afghanistan 9998:Categories 9946:Pakistanis 9936:Macedonian 9919:Vallahades 9845:in Belgium 9771:Kartvelian 9746:Tabasarans 9614:Abkhazians 9562:Meskhetian 9552:Dodecanese 9430:in Germany 9260:Bulgarians 9227:Kashgartsy 9217:Ukrainians 8029:Van Kyrgyz 7911:Shahsevans 7789:Ukrainians 7661:Television 7625:(Internet) 7546:(currency) 7483:Parliament 7439:Government 7365:Ural River 7249:Kazakh SSR 7212:Since 1465 7090:Prehistory 7070:Kazakhstan 6925:7 November 6487:5 February 6439:5 February 6413:5 February 6073:4 December 5863:5 February 5711:: 801295. 5202:: 801295. 4695:14 January 4371:Inner Asia 4142:Inner Asia 4050:|url= 3798:27 January 3535:11 October 3219:References 3163:Kurmangazy 3125:Shildehana 3090:Tusau kesu 3017:Traditions 3011:Christians 2942:Kasym Khan 2938:Ablai Khan 2857:vegetables 2734:horse meat 2718:horse meat 2500:from Khiva 2474:Uzbekistan 2302:Khovd city 2279:, Mongolia 2259:, termed " 1983:Altai Krai 1861:8,011,452 1853:6,527,549 1845:5,289,349 1837:2,794,966 1829:2,181,520 1821:3,627,612 1813:4,615,000 1805:3,392,700 1638:Population 1491:Hui people 1452:East Asian 1408:Kazakhstan 1206:(Orta juz) 1158:Middle Juz 1147:Junior juz 1014:Chagatayid 947:prince of 945:Chagatayid 650:Uzbekistan 646:Kazakhstan 636:native to 532:Karakalpak 504:(dominant) 500:(native), 191:Kyrgyzstan 137:Uzbekistan 105:14,220,321 101:Kazakhstan 9956:Ossetians 9941:Maghrebis 9931:Hemshenis 9902:Adjarians 9897:Georgians 9887:Bulgarian 9840:in France 9818:in Europe 9797:Besermyan 9721:Khwarshis 9716:Khinalugs 9664:Chamalals 9644:Bagvalals 9517:Karachays 9435:in France 9403:Albanians 9310:Romanians 9250:Armenians 9056:Diasporas 8997:Xueyantuo 8987:Uriankhai 8934:Pechenegs 8927:Turkomans 8901:Kutrigurs 8573:Kryashens 8535:Kumandins 8516:Karachays 8496:Besermyan 8471:Telengits 8377:Krymchaks 8360:in Crimea 8325:Ili Turks 7918:Küresünni 7729:Armenians 7698:Education 7656:Squatting 7552:Transport 7444:President 7429:Elections 7393:Districts 7355:Syr Darya 7293:Geography 6815:, pg. 340 6802:, pg. 304 6777:, pg. 572 6761:, pg. 39. 6686:10 August 6617:31 August 6348:26 August 5727:1664-8021 5667:2073-4425 5623:7 January 5595:1432-1203 5528:0001-5652 5487:7 January 5459:1432-1203 5402:1553-7404 5342:1756-0500 5326:(1): 45. 5291:222839155 5275:0301-4460 5218:1664-8021 5158:1471-2156 5142:(1): 87. 5119:. p. 767. 5085:2079-7737 5025:1553-7404 4801:2 October 4773:2 October 4638:cite book 4504:255690237 4496:1674-4918 4401:165623743 4393:2210-5018 4275:Уюк-Туран 4260:862273470 3870:133847698 3100:Kyz uzatu 2983:Communist 2954:Catherine 2952:. Led by 2769:Besbarmak 2762:sour milk 2650:does not 2597:Farāh Rud 2549:Bolshevik 2353:Sharyngol 2196:Ma Bufang 2166:Hāsàkè Zú 2137:Dzungaria 1947:Volgograd 1943:Astrakhan 1663:does not 1568:Gokcumen 1541:(3.25%), 1529:(17.9%), 1384:madrasahs 1309:, modern 1289:, as are 1246:Syr Darya 1199:(Uly juz) 1181:tribalism 1169:Great juz 1071:, /kazak/ 1062:, /kazax/ 1052:in 1936. 1031:reports: 998:Urus Khan 919:Kazakhs, 721:Etymology 709:The term 688:Mongolian 685:Turkified 644:, mainly 492:Languages 393:Australia 123:1,562,518 9907:Ingiloys 9882:Bengalis 9870:Minority 9828:in Spain 9751:Tsakhurs 9669:Chechens 9629:Akhvakhs 9490:Bashkirs 9415:Bosniaks 9387:Majority 9207:Russians 9167:Majority 9107:Turkmens 9095:Turkmeni 8952:Saragurs 8896:Kurykans 8882:Kipchaks 8867:Keraites 8852:Göktürks 8842:Dughlats 8832:Dingling 8802:Berendei 8653:Mongolia 8623:Tofalars 8587:Nağaybäk 8491:Bashkirs 8478:Tubalars 8464:Chelkans 8458:Altaians 8279:in China 8111:Tahtacıs 8104:Muhacirs 8045:Turkmens 7833:Category 7774:Russians 7708:Language 7646:Religion 7598:Clothing 7583:Alphabet 7478:Military 7412:Politics 7263:By topic 7138:Göktürks 7074:articles 6828:, pg. 99 6737:Archived 6611:Archived 6553:Archived 6525:Archived 6403:"گلستان" 6381:Archived 6342:Archived 6311:Archived 6281:Archived 6261:Archived 6232:Archived 6194:Archived 6164:Archived 6138:Archived 6106:Archived 6067:Archived 6038:Archived 6010:Archived 5940:Archived 5911:Archived 5857:Archived 5839:12145751 5763:Archived 5745:35069700 5699:(2021). 5685:36292713 5617:Archived 5613:32076829 5554:14 April 5548:Archived 5544:46853437 5481:Archived 5477:32076829 5420:25898006 5360:33541395 5283:33059477 5236:35069700 5190:(2022). 5176:33092538 5103:34943238 5043:25898006 4946:"Kazakh" 4915:Archived 4876:Archived 4837:Archived 4795:Archived 4767:Archived 4689:Archived 4677:(1982). 4530:Archived 4448:Archived 4405:Archived 4344:Archived 4227:Archived 4190:(1962). 4172:13 April 4166:Archived 4162:44645086 4121:13 April 4115:Archived 4111:12348666 4041:citation 3947:33092538 3792:Archived 3766:Archived 3717:Archived 3699:18 March 3693:Archived 3663:Archived 3637:Archived 3567:Archived 3529:Archived 3505:18 March 3499:Archived 3479:18 March 3447:Archived 3409:18 March 3403:Archived 3333:Archived 3263:Archived 3192:See also 3110:Betashar 3056:korimdik 3048:Korimdik 3026:Konakasy 2912:Religion 2885:Clothing 2835:(smoked 2601:Hari Rud 2359:cities. 2320:(90% in 2289:Mongolia 2267:Mongolia 2242:Xinjiang 2129:Xinjiang 2098:591 970 1959:Orenburg 1561:(2.6%), 1557:(3.6%), 1549:(14.1), 1505:sample ( 1424:Mongolia 1416:Xinjiang 1327:Xinjiang 1260:Language 1225:Tashkent 1042:Cossacks 909:Qazaqliq 869:Mongolia 848:and the 826:Scythian 677:medieval 666:Mongolia 629:) are a 612:قازاقتار 606:qazaqtar 600:қазақтар 520:Tengrism 509:Religion 355:Portugal 173:Mongolia 70:قازاقتار 64:Qazaqtar 58:Қазақтар 39:Cossacks 9877:Afghans 9835:Berbers 9736:Lezgins 9686:Dargins 9654:Botlikh 9609:Abazins 9547:Cypriot 9522:Kazakhs 9485:Balkars 9447:Muslims 9295:Madjars 9285:Koreans 9265:Chinese 9222:Uyghurs 9202:Germans 9184:Oralman 9174:Kazakhs 9119:Ottoman 9103:Iranian 9099:Afghani 9047:Mughals 9042:Hazaras 8992:Utigurs 8967:Türgesh 8942:Onogurs 8916:Nushibi 8911:Naimans 8872:Khazars 8862:Karluks 8817:Chigils 8812:Bulgars 8797:Barsils 8735:Europe 8714:Ansarlu 8660:Khotons 8618:Teleuts 8511:Dolgans 8506:Chuvash 8501:Chulyms 8486:Balkars 8430:Qashqai 8415:Khalajs 8393:in Iran 8335:Uyghurs 8058:Ansarlu 7969:Kazakhs 7883:Peoples 7817:Outline 7794:Uyghurs 7764:Koreans 7759:Kazakhs 7744:Germans 7722:Peoples 7631:Kazakhs 7623:Kaznet 7608:Cuisine 7571:Culture 7502:Economy 7398:Regions 7370:Zhetysu 7320:Borders 7153:Karluks 7082:History 5953:people. 5917:28 June 5888:28 June 5736:8777105 5676:9601638 5604:7170836 5536:9618060 5468:7170836 5411:4405460 5351:7863413 5227:8777105 5167:7583311 5094:8698332 5063:Biology 5034:4405460 4577:4310597 4536:3 March 4301:]. 4233:7 April 4052:value ( 3938:7583311 3643:4 April 3603:12 July 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