1574:
3063:
3507:
1726:
2504:
2337:
3492:, while adopting a secular political outlook. After the demise of the Ottoman Empire, Atatürk, influenced by both the Young Ottomans and the Young Turks, as well as by their successes and failures, led the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, borrowing from the earlier movements' ideas of secularism and Turkish nationalism, while implementing free education and other reforms that have been enshrined by later leaders into guidelines for governing Turkey.
1398:
3400:
1517:
17:
3048:. Since the late 19th century, republicanism has had various degrees of support in society, which the royal house generally dealt with by gradually letting go of its formal influence in politics and taking on a more ceremonial and symbolic role. Nowadays, popularity of the monarchy is high, but there is a significant republican minority that strives to abolish the monarchy altogether.
3321:
1623:. The radicals, in turn, formed a heterogeneous group with almost no representation within the imperial bureaucracy. They were on the left of the political spectrum, along Jacobin lines, and defended broad reforms such as the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic, federalism, the extinction of the
3043:
even crowned himself King of the
Netherlands. His rather autocratic tendencies in spite of the principles of constitutional monarchy met increasing resistance from Parliament and the population, which eventually limited the monarchy's power and democratised the government, most notably through the
2514:
1530:
Latin
American republicans drew inspiration from classic and enlightenment traditions, as well as from developments in France and the United States. The role of republicanism in Spanish-speaking Latin America has attracted renewed interest from scholars. During the middle of the 19th century, many
3151:
increasingly refer to republicanism. In a survey conducted in 2007 reported that 69% of the population prefer the monarchy to continue, compared with 22% opting for a republic. In a 2008 survey, 58% of
Spanish citizens were indifferent, 16% favored a republic, 16% were monarchists, and 7% claimed
1534:
Republicanism informed the development of key political institutions in the region, including ideals of citizenship and the creation of civilian militias. Republicanism often enjoyed broad public support. Shared republicanism also shaped the region's diplomatic traditions, especially the focus on
1646:
In 1870 a group of radical liberals, convinced of the impossibility of achieving their desired reforms within the
Brazilian monarchical system, met and founded the Republican Party. From its founding until 1889, the party operated in an erratic and geographically diverse manner. The republican
1793:, the government gave the promise of a referendum on becoming a republic in August 2008, but it was postponed due to the change of government in the 2008 election. A plan to becoming a republic was still in place in September 2020, according to the current PM, with a target date of late 2021.
2490:
1699:. This led to questions about whether or not the institution should continue, with politicians speaking in support of abolition. This ended when Victoria returned to public duties later in the century and regained significant public support. More recently, in the early 21st century,
3298:. The Social Democratic Party had stated its intention to establish a republic in its party platform ever since its foundation in 1889. However, when it came into power in 1920, the desire had worn off. This is attributed to the pragmatism of its then leader
2061:
have identified themselves as republicans, although no government has yet taken any meaningful steps towards enacting a republic. Public opinion polls have generally found that a majority of the population favour retaining the monarchy.
2722:, paved the way for the establishment of the dictatorship. With the implementation of fascist laws (Royal Decree of 6 November 1926), all political parties operating on Italian territory were dissolved, with the exception of the
3070:
There has existed in Spain a persistent trend of republican thought, especially throughout the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, that has manifested itself in diverse political parties and movements over the entire course of the
1526:
Republicanism helped inspire movements for independence in former
Spanish colonies of Latin America in the early 19th century, and republican ideals and political designs were influential in the new Latin American republics.
3247:
was doing a good job as Queen of Norway. Most people that were asked believed that Queen Sonja is very important to King Harald in relation to counselling, advice and support. Additionally, 13% believed that the king should
2613:
movement, which aimed to transform Italy into a unitary democratic republic, according to the principles of freedom, independence and unity, but also to oust the monarchic regimes pre-existing the unification, including the
3075:. While these movements have shared the objective of establishing a republic, during these three centuries there have surged distinct schools of thought on the form republicans would want to give to the Spanish
2471:, presenting himself as the military savior of France in the 1940s, and the political savior in the 1950s, refashioned the meaning of republicanism. Both left and right enshrined him in the Republican pantheon.
2653:, which were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia after a plebiscite. This earned him heavy criticism from numerous republicans who accused him of treason. While a laborious administrative unification began, a
2414:
in
Britain, were closer to republicanism. Radicalism remained close to republicanism in the 20th century, at least in France, where they governed several times with other parties (participating in both the
1607:
and João Soares Lisboa, but republican ideology better developed as a political current after the emergence of the so-called radical liberal faction in the crisis of the final years of the First Reign.
2467:
Increasingly, after the fall of communism in 1989 and the collapse of the
Marxist interpretation of the French Revolution, France increasingly turned to republicanism to define its national identity.
4250:
L' idée d'Europe, vecteur des aspirations démocratiques: les idéaux républicains depuis 1848 : actes du colloque international organisé à l'Université des
Franche-Comté les 14, 15 et 16 mai 1992
4857:... there were many who believed the teachings of the Genoese patriot could be compatible with the Marxist doctrine and ... considered an alliance with the left-wing to be legitimate and desirable.
1807:
announced that
Barbados intended to become a republic by 30 November 2021, the 55th anniversary of its independence. The plan would require a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament.
1546:'s transition from monarchy to republic at the end of the 19th century, the question of form of government often produced disputes in regional diplomacy and in calls for international conferences.
4415:
1615:. The moderates defended political-institutional reforms such as decentralization, without, however, giving up the monarchical system. Their main doctrinal references were Locke, Montesquieu,
1631:, the separation between Church and State, relative social equality, the extension of political and civil rights to all free segments of society, including women, the staunch opposition to
3213:
constitution. Both measures were approved, each with more than 98% in favour. Voter turnout was 98.4% overall, and 100% in two constituencies, Seyðisfirði and Vestur-Skaftafjellssýsla.
1771:. After becoming prime minister in 2015, he confirmed he still supports a republic, but stated that the issue should wait until after the reign of Queen Elizabeth II. The centre-left
2598:. Mazzini formulated a concept known as "thought and action" in which thought and action must be joined together and every thought must be followed by action, therefore rejecting
5067:
3128:
2767:
2151:
1542:, shaped a tradition of "republican internationalism" that connected domestic republican ideals and practices with the region's emerging place in international society. Until
5781:
3231:
in 1905, an opposition to the monarchy grew in Norway, and republican movements and thoughts continue to exist to this day. Currently, the
Norwegian Republican Association (
2374:. This distinction between radicalism and liberalism had not totally disappeared in the 20th century, although many radicals simply joined liberal parties. For example, the
2159:
2147:
5422:
5408:
5394:
5362:
5301:
5260:
1565:. Several of these figures produced essays, pamphlets, and collections of speeches that drew upon and adapted the broader tradition of republican political thought.
5376:
1531:
Spanish Americans saw their experiments in republicanism as placing the region on the "vanguard" of political developments, according to historian James Sanders.
5042:
1759:, the debate between republicans and monarchists is still active, and republicanism draws support from across the political spectrum. Former prime minister
5248:
3952:
2707:, one of the most committed Italian politicians against the monarchy, preceded his oath with a declaration in which he reaffirmed his republican beliefs.
1916:, the cultural role and relevance of the monarchy altered and was sometimes questioned in certain circles, while continuing to receive support in others.
1871:
form of government. These beliefs are expressed either individually—usually in academic circles—or through the country's one republican lobby group: the
4040:
4019:
1691:
in 1848 which made it illegal to advocate for republicanism. Another "significant incarnation" of republicanism broke out in the late 19th century when
3228:
1800:
announced that Barbados will move towards a republican form of government "in the very near future". His government was defeated in the next election.
4197:
3160:, without a common position for the fate of the monarchy after his death). In recent years, there has been a tie between Monarchists and Republicans.
2792:
established in 1895, which makes it the oldest political party still active in the country. The Italian Republican Party identifies with 19th-century
2033:
republicanism dates back to the 19th century, although until the late 20th century it was a fringe movement. The current main republican lobby group,
1573:
2703:. The problem of the oath of loyalty to the monarchy, necessary to be elected, was the subject of controversy within the republican forces. In 1873
3028:
5725:
5092:
5214:
2745:
for the previous twenty years. These frustrations contributed to a revival of the Italian republican movement. Italy became a republic after the
1426:
5315:
1814:
was jointly nominated by the prime minister and leader of the opposition as candidate for the first president of Barbados, and was subsequently
5873:
3825:
3239:
asked the Norwegian people how they felt about the monarchy and about the individual monarchs. 91% of the people who were asked believed that
4005:
2350:, a major political party. In Western Europe, there were similar smaller "radical" parties. They all supported a constitutional republic and
3921:
3367:
in 1949 because of Emperor Shōwa's presence. The Japanese Communist Party continued to be antagonistic after Emperor Shōwa's death in 1989.
3282:, not necessarily on rejecting the individuals who actually exercise kingship. The effort towards a republic has been included in the early
2212:
4658:
Il XXIX [i. e. Ventinovesimo] Congresso nazionale del Partito repubblicano italiano: Atti e risoluzioni. Roma, 25-28 marzo 1965
4090:
4061:
3484:
in the Empire and introduce limited democracy for the first time while maintaining Islamist influences. In the early 20th century, the
2932:
4769:
3481:
3303:
2570:
in a republican state. Mazzini's thoughts had a very considerable influence on the Italian and European republican movements, in the
2135:
1679:
Dissatisfaction with British rule led to a longer period of agitation in the early 19th century and failed republican revolutions in
5549:
Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography,"
4216:
The Formation of Labour Movements, 1870-1914: An International Perspective. Contributions to the history of labour and society, v. 2
3341:
is the most prominent advocate of a non-monarchic system and has in the past demanded the abolition of the emperor system outright.
5017:
4006:"Malcolm Turnbull calls for inclusive grassroots movement for Australian republic - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
3190:
1720:
1611:
During the First Reign, three groups emerged on the country's political scene: the moderate liberals, the radical liberals and the
2935:(ELDR), along with the PLI, and the two parties usually ran together in European Parliament elections. After joining the centrist
3344:
In 1908, a letter allegedly written by Japanese revolutionaries denied the Emperor's divinity, and threatened his life. In 1910,
2191:
2187:
1708:
983:
3437:, was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural and religious reforms designed to separate the new Turkish state from its
3235:) is the only non-partisan organisation campaigning to abolish the monarchy and make Norway a republic. In 2013 the news agency
5564:
2931:
in 1981–1982, the first non Christian Democrat since 1945. From 1976 to 2010, the Italian Republican Party was a member of the
2672:
with the rank of corporal. He was sentenced to death and shot in 1870 for having favored an insurrectional attempt against the
1671:. Only in São Paulo, however, did the movement become a true organized and disciplined party capable of electoral competition.
127:
2856:
stances. While maintaining those traits, during the second half of the 20th century the party moved towards the centre on the
5791:
5534:
5485:
5128:
4970:
4941:
4914:
4880:
4850:
4798:
4746:
4712:
3850:
3801:
3718:
3600:
3517:
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and many more. Most of those policies were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through
2746:
2503:
2480:
1134:
1074:
4136:
4560:
2664:
In the political panorama of the time there was a republican political movement which had its martyrs, such as the soldier
2658:
1815:
1207:
1124:
4108:
3747:. José Antonio Aguilar Rivera, Rafael Rojas (1st ed.). México: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas. 2002.
3537:
2615:
1768:
1624:
1419:
1277:
903:
594:
6201:
2527:
there are several so-called "republican" governments that have followed one another over time. Examples are the ancient
1904:
throughout the 19th century. However, paralleling the changes in constitutional law that saw the creation of a distinct
5866:
5700:
4523:
4495:
4467:
4424:
4398:
4337:
4306:
3793:
The vanguard of the Atlantic world : creating modernity, nation, and democracy in nineteenth-century Latin America
3501:
2876:
2654:
2641:. The latter set aside his republican ideas to favor Italian unity. After having obtained the conquest of the whole of
2308:
1294:
1104:
564:
4460:
L'idée républicaine en Europe (xviii – xxi siècle): histoire et pensée universelle, Europe - La République universelle
4391:
L'idée républicaine en Europe (xviii – xxi siècle): histoire et pensée universelle, Europe - La République universelle
1583:
Brazilian historiography generally identifies republican thought with the movement that was formally organized in the
5046:
4825:
4683:
4445:
3752:
3465:
3205:, with the King of Denmark also being the King of Iceland. In the two-part referendum, voters were asked whether the
3194:
2857:
1831:
1592:
1384:
849:
634:
3133:
3640:
3545:
3378:
in 1954, Communist posters and handbills antagonistic to the Imperial Family Members were plastered in the cities.
2976:
2131:
2075:
1929:
1925:
1872:
1847:
1252:
923:
3876:"Republican internationalism: the nineteenth-century roots of Latin American contributions to international order"
3576:, and hereditary political power; virtue and faithfulness in the performance of civic duties; and vilification of
1164:
5807:
4299:
Almanacco della Repubblica. Storia d'Italia attraverso le tradizioni, le istituzioni e le simbologie repubblicane
3560:
3417:
an inherited aristocracy and sultinate suppressed republican ideas until the successful republican revolution of
3287:
2058:
1700:
1535:
regional confederation, international law, sovereign equality, and ideals of an inclusive international society.
5826:
4555:
4376:
3639:
and free labour. These burgeoning radical traditions in America became epitomized in the early formation of the
3278:. A large part of the arguments for proclaiming a Swedish Republic are based on an ideological rejection of the
2891:. Although small in terms of voter support, the Italian Republican Party was influential thanks to leaders like
1485:, was only one of several theories seeking to limit the power of monarchies rather than directly opposing them.
3842:
REPUBLICS OF THE NEW WORLD : the revolutionary political experiment in nineteenth-century... latin america
3306:(AERM) was founded in Stockholm, in which Swedish republicans cooperate with other European republican groups.
3271:
3253:
2944:
2634:
2107:
1588:
1412:
258:
4262:
Sudhir Hazareesingh, "Conflicts Of Memory: Republicanism and the Commemoration of the Past in Modern France,"
1179:
6359:
6354:
5859:
3174:
3045:
2940:
2742:
2633:
The political projects of Mazzini and Cattaneo were thwarted by the action of the Piedmontese Prime Minister
2312:
2054:
549:
2741:
The aftermath of World War II left Italy also with an anger against the monarchy for its endorsement of the
1159:
6283:
5882:
4194:
3521:
3148:
3040:
2443:
2025:
1374:
1337:
1257:
1217:
1119:
1114:
6258:
2896:
2872:
2461:
2379:
2274:
2115:
2071:
2038:
1951:
1680:
1109:
4612:
2543:, Italian philosophers have imagined the foundations of political science and republicanism. But it was
5840:
3776:
3541:
3410:
2964:
2688:
2646:
2236:
1764:
1750:
1212:
913:
584:
5333:
4062:"Letter to the Speaker RE Nomination of Her Excellency Dame Sandra Mason as 1st President of Barbados"
2431:
2375:
2194:
had republican options, though both referendums' results came out in favour of keeping the monarchy.
2013:
1784:
1628:
1222:
1189:
1089:
1084:
754:
371:
3552:
have, or ought to have. Political scientists and historians have described these central values as
3360:
3338:
3315:
3178:
3009:
2952:
2887:. In 1963, the party helped bring together DC and PSI in Italy's first centre-left government, the
2789:
2777:
2484:
2435:
2004:
1827:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1139:
714:
117:
5329:
4642:
Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared
3430:
3418:
3403:
2687:
The Republicans took part in the elections to the Italian Parliament, and in 1853 they formed the
494:
6146:
3394:
3265:
3222:
3123:
2928:
2833:
2829:
2359:
2331:
2087:
2016:, has announced that his government intends to begin the process of transitioning to a republic.
1992:
1864:
1843:
1738:
1688:
1684:
1496:
1474:
1272:
1262:
1227:
943:
589:
180:
92:
3967:
3951:
Cite error: The named reference ":0" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
3454:
2626:
promoted a secular and republican Italy in the extension of Mazzini's ideas, but organized as a
1599:, the country saw the emergence of a republican discourse among the writings of figures such as
6344:
6303:
6005:
4068:
3693:
3232:
3157:
3119:
3100:
3057:
3032:
2751:
2723:
2450:
predecessors. Italian radicals also maintained close links with republicanism, as well as with
2439:
2420:
2407:
2347:
2316:
2103:
2046:
1883:
1772:
1696:
1596:
1554:
1282:
1267:
799:
734:
283:
273:
210:
4958:
4904:
4870:
4788:
4736:
4700:
4362:
3062:
2695:. Although in exile, Mazzini was elected in 1866, but refused to take his seat in parliament.
2540:
396:
6194:
5940:
5777:
5613:
5596:
5465:
4986:
4931:
4352:
3669:
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3441:
predecessor and embrace a Western-style modernized lifestyle, including the establishment of
3434:
3244:
2998:
2880:
2571:
2456:
2390:
2282:
2091:
1853:
1636:
1327:
1149:
963:
844:
456:
436:
346:
190:
72:
5679:
4813:
3643:, known as "red republicanism." The efforts were primarily led by political leaders such as
3256:
be crowned king before his father dies, and 75% believed that the king should not abdicate.
2883:(PLI), enabling it to participate in most governments of the 1950s, a period later known as
1695:
went into mourning and largely disappeared from public view after the death of her husband,
1652:
5957:
5930:
5821:
3589:
3577:
3442:
3295:
3108:
2990:
2900:
2861:
2837:
2793:
2735:
2699:
was elected deputy in 1860 and 1867, but refused so as not to have to swear loyalty to the
2255:
2178:, who resented British interference in their treatment of the country's black population.
2034:
1913:
1648:
1462:
1312:
1054:
993:
356:
278:
152:
1587:
during the 1870s to 1880s, but republicanism was already present in the country since the
8:
6349:
6263:
6000:
5945:
4843:
Five Years of Edera: The Italian Republican Party in Search of a New Identity (1943–1948)
4357:
3596:
3489:
3291:
3144:
3020:
2888:
2817:
2715:
2551:
2367:
1972:
1967:
1287:
1232:
1154:
1064:
953:
466:
248:
238:
233:
122:
5068:"España sigue siendo monárquica gracias a los andaluces y a pesar de catalanes y vascos"
2224:
6318:
5950:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5898:
5755:
5526:
4618:
4325:
4113:
4041:"Leave the monarchy? In Barbados, that's just the first step on a long path to healing"
4020:"Leave the monarchy? In Barbados, that's just the first step on a long path to healing"
3819:
3770:
3632:
3363:
demanded the abolition of the emperor system. They boycotted the formal opening of the
3345:
3324:
3275:
3240:
3206:
3016:
2924:
2904:
2825:
2669:
2650:
2638:
2583:
2555:
2532:
2416:
2351:
2278:
2244:
2220:
2139:
1939:
1909:
1905:
1887:
1857:
1775:
officially supports the abolition of the monarchy and another referendum on the issue.
1550:
1443:
1368:
1342:
1184:
1174:
1144:
1099:
1044:
1030:
893:
834:
609:
524:
243:
28:
3111:(1833–1868) that the first clearly republican and anti-monarchist movements appeared.
2578:
and more nuanced on many politicians of a later period, among them American president
2346:
The French version of republicanism after 1870 was called "Radicalism"; it became the
2138:
was in favour of abolishing the monarchy. Currently republicanism is supported by the
1616:
6030:
5920:
5893:
5787:
5706:
5696:
5618:
5530:
5491:
5481:
5208:
5124:
5093:"Empate técnico por primera vez: la República ya tiene tanto apoyo como la Monarquía"
4966:
4937:
4910:
4876:
4846:
4821:
4794:
4742:
4708:
4679:
4519:
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4441:
4420:
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4302:
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3941:
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3797:
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3748:
3744:
El republicanismo en hispanoamérica : ensayos de historia intelectual y política
3724:
3714:
3620:
3581:
3088:
3087:. The roots of Spanish republicanism arose out of liberal thought in the wake of the
3024:
2994:
2805:
2756:
2704:
2567:
2563:
2517:
2468:
2394:
2340:
2251:
2216:
2099:
2049:. However, it is generally assumed that this would only occur following a nationwide
1892:
1668:
1632:
1620:
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1069:
1049:
933:
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614:
366:
263:
51:
4280:
3983:
3937:
3710:
Las repúblicas de aire : utopía y desencanto en la revolución de Hispanoamérica
3595:
Republicanism became the dominant political value of Americans during and after the
1763:
was a leading proponent of an Australian republic prior to joining the centre-right
649:
107:
6226:
6216:
6189:
6158:
6052:
6015:
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5745:
5737:
5608:
5316:"PLOT AGAINST THE MIKADO. ALLEGED ANARCHIST ASSOCIATION. AMONG JAPANESE IN AMERICA"
4511:
3979:
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2711:
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2300:
2270:
1897:
1861:
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1704:
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1558:
1362:
1322:
1039:
873:
779:
679:
664:
574:
504:
411:
406:
381:
288:
268:
253:
112:
40:
20:
3892:
3875:
2812:. The Italian Republican Party has old roots and a long history that began with a
1660:
694:
604:
6323:
6221:
5980:
5520:
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4673:
4656:
4249:
4234:
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4201:
4147:
3922:"O bom exemplo de Washington: o republicanismo no Rio de Janeiro (c.1830 a 1835)"
3652:
3510:
3446:
3330:
3302:. In 1997, the Swedish Republican Association was founded. In 2010, the umbrella
3104:
3076:
3013:
3002:
2916:
2845:
2665:
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2493:
2363:
2143:
2119:
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514:
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446:
298:
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162:
157:
147:
102:
77:
4959:"The fate of the secular Centre: The Liberals, Republicans and Social Democrats"
4146:(May 1999), Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy: 8, archived from
3193:
effectively abolished the monarchy in favour of a republic. The 1 December 1918
2951:
was minister in 2005–2006). Afterwards, it ran alone until joining the centrist
1539:
1520:
499:
326:
6109:
6089:
6084:
6072:
3644:
3473:
3461:
3438:
3414:
3283:
3202:
3092:
2986:
2982:
2892:
2760:
2700:
2696:
2673:
2642:
2623:
2587:
2579:
2528:
2507:
2447:
2111:
2009:
1976:
1734:
1692:
1451:
1332:
1059:
1025:
824:
814:
769:
729:
724:
669:
659:
654:
639:
569:
554:
539:
529:
441:
341:
331:
321:
32:
24:
3860:
1711:
in 2022, has led to public support for the monarchy reaching historical lows.
1549:
Many key political figures in the region identified as republicans, including
624:
6338:
6293:
6253:
6141:
6045:
5967:
5710:
5622:
5477:
5473:
5116:
4483:
4371:: "Pretending to give lessons to kings, he gave great lessons to the people.
3991:
3945:
3901:
3811:
3728:
3628:
3612:
3364:
3236:
3080:
2849:
2841:
2719:
2681:
2559:
2399:
2319:
2293:
2155:
1500:
1169:
1003:
973:
883:
789:
784:
759:
739:
579:
451:
426:
401:
386:
376:
361:
316:
82:
58:
5836:
3762:
2618:. The foundation of the Young Italy constitutes a key moment of the Italian
2382:, which still exist, focus more on republicanism than on simple liberalism.
1562:
6040:
6025:
6020:
5516:
3840:
3636:
3616:
3608:
3533:
3356:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2853:
2797:
2770:
2731:
2619:
2171:
1980:
1811:
1656:
839:
819:
804:
764:
749:
709:
644:
629:
519:
421:
87:
5693:
The "S" word : a short history of an American tradition ... socialism
4770:"Sovranisti contro Repubblicani, i poli ai tempi del governo giallo-verde"
3791:
3708:
2649:, Garibaldi handed over the conquered territories to the king of Sardinia
2250:
The current main nationwide movement representing republican interests is
6248:
6211:
6206:
6136:
6057:
6035:
5985:
5962:
5783:
This Realm of New Zealand: The Sovereign, the Governor-General, the Crown
5273:
3742:
3585:
3573:
3532:
in this context does not refer to a political movement to abolish such a
3485:
3371:
3348:
and 10 others plotted to assassinate the Emperor. In 1923, 1925 and 1932
3036:
2668:. Barsanti was a supporter of republican ideas, and was a soldier in the
2610:
2575:
2336:
2286:
2095:
2083:
2030:
1804:
1725:
1604:
1482:
1470:
1447:
1317:
854:
794:
744:
689:
484:
416:
142:
137:
23:. His thoughts influenced many politicians of a later period, among them
5377:"JAPAN'S ROLE: A MILESTONE; Hirohito's Death Puts Focus on New Identity"
4963:
The New Italian Republic: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to Berlusconi
1397:
6308:
6268:
6238:
6124:
6104:
5995:
5851:
5759:
4987:"la Repubblica: storia d'Italia dal '45 ad oggi, centrismo (1947-1962)"
4814:
Gregory R. Copley; International Strategic Studies Association (1994).
4790:
Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics
4367:
3624:
3477:
3422:
3249:
2936:
2801:
2759:
was under a form of republican governance since the end of the ancient
2627:
2591:
2371:
2304:
2290:
2254:. However republican ideas can be mainly found among proponents of the
2050:
1935:
1664:
1640:
1488:
1466:
1357:
1347:
809:
774:
699:
684:
619:
544:
489:
391:
336:
215:
200:
36:
5726:"Horace Greeley and the Working Class Origins of the Republican Party"
4091:"Barbados just appointed its first president as it becomes a republic"
6298:
6243:
6233:
6168:
6163:
6119:
6010:
5990:
4377:
Rousseau - Du Contrat social éd. Beaulavon 1903.djvu/237 - Wikisource
4277:
In the Shadow of the General: Modern France and the Myth of De Gaulle
3565:
3399:
2813:
2606:
2451:
2386:
2175:
1756:
1714:
1492:
829:
509:
205:
97:
5741:
2566:
inspiration, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for
2513:
1516:
6288:
6278:
6273:
6129:
6099:
6094:
6079:
5935:
5905:
4598:
4565:
4176:
4164:
3569:
3549:
3525:
3469:
3426:
3375:
3349:
3279:
3210:
3096:
3066:
2018 demonstration in Madrid calling for the Third Spanish Republic
3006:
2809:
2411:
2263:
2259:
2240:
2174:, republicanism in the 1960s was identified with the supporters of
2079:
1988:
1868:
1790:
1478:
1455:
674:
431:
195:
132:
16:
5597:"Neorepublicanism: A Normative and Institutional Research Program"
5495:
3635:. However, in 1854, social movements started to harness values of
2489:
6313:
6173:
6114:
6062:
5646:
Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815
5395:"Horrified Citizens Scrub Walls of Opposition As Hirohito Visits"
4734:
3554:
3524:. As the United States constitution prohibits granting titles of
3450:
3198:
3177:
has a strong republican element, most notably represented by the
3095:, in which Spain and nearby regions fought for independence from
2867:
After 1949, the Italian Republican Party was a member of the pro-
2232:
2228:
2208:
2042:
1984:
1955:
5228:
5189:
3091:. The first manifestations of republicanism occurred during the
1810:
On 12 October 2021, incumbent Governor-General of Barbados Dame
6067:
5045:(in Spanish). E-pesimo.blogspot.com. 2004-02-27. Archived from
4220:
3568:
of the people as the source of all authority in law; rejecting
3320:
2766:
2536:
1932:
1901:
1879:
1543:
351:
4929:
4109:"Barbados, Formally Casting Off the Queen, Becomes a Republic"
2547:
who revived the republican idea in Italy in the 19th century.
2239:
founded 1887 was republican in nature and based mainly in the
1538:
Diplomats and international jurists in Latin America, such as
3334:
3243:
was doing a good job as King of Norway and 80% believed that
3115:
1886:
in 1867, though it has rarely been of significance since the
4639:
3548:. Instead, it refers to the core values that citizenry in a
3476:
attempted to create the ideology of Ottoman nationalism, or
2840:. The early Italian Republican Party was also known for its
5346:
4906:
A Fatal Attraction: Public Television and Politics in Italy
4872:
A Fatal Attraction: Public Television and Politics in Italy
4672:
Silvio Berardi (2016). Sapienza Università Editrice (ed.).
4458:
Baquiast, Paul; Dupuy, Emmanuel; Ridolfi, Maurizio (2007).
4389:
Baquiast, Paul; Dupuy, Emmanuel; Ridolfi, Maurizio (2007).
3516:
The values and ideals of republicanism are foundational in
2868:
2676:
and is therefore considered the first martyr of the modern
2231:
republic. They sought to create an independent republic in
4933:
Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective
4543:(in French). Presses universitaires de France. p. 95.
2967:
a republic form of statehood was overwhelmingly rejected.
2657:
was elected and, on 17 March 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was
2430:, French radicals split into a left-wing party – the
5846:
5296:
5294:
4430:
3460:
Many of the root ideas of Kemalism began during the late
5164:
4698:
4188:
3968:"República, democracia e federalismo Brasil, 1870-1891"
3603:
were strong advocates of republican values, especially
3359:, the communists were antagonistic to the Emperor. The
2981:
The Netherlands have known two republican periods: the
5522:
Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey
5291:
2939:
in 1994, the Italian Republican Party was part of the
2285:
was based on republican ideals. Currently the Flemish
1818:
on 20 October. Mason took office on 30 November 2021.
1767:, and led the pro-republic campaign during the failed
1031:
5666:
Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis,"
5565:"Classical Republicanism and the American Revolution"
2734:
on 10 June 1940. Hostilities ended on 29 April 1945,
5776:
5302:"Japanese Communist Party Asks End of Feudal System"
4457:
4440:(illustrated ed.). Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 58.
4388:
4204:, caribbeanelections.com; accessed 1 September 2014.
4182:
4170:
3270:
In Sweden, a major promoter of republicanism is the
3035:
family, who during the Dutch Republic had only been
1890:. Open support for republicanism only came from the
1803:
In September 2020, the government of Prime Minister
4462:(in French). Vol. 1. L'Harmattan. p. 91.
4416:
Delphi Complete Works of Algernon Charles Swinburne
4393:(in French). Vol. 1. L'Harmattan. p. 85.
4330:
L'opposizione laica nell'Italia moderna (1861-1922)
3385:protested against Emperor Shōwa's continued reign.
3103:(1813–1833) there were several liberalist military
3019:(1806–1810), then annexed the Netherlands into the
2820:and claiming descent from the political thought of
2125:
1595:(1831–1840). During Brazil's early years after its
5457:
4675:Il socialismo mazziniano: Profilo storico-politico
3229:dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
3039:, a princely title over the Netherlands, and soon
2602:and the notion of divorcing theory from practice.
1715:The British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations
4701:"National Parties and the Contestation of Europe"
4614:Damage Foreshadows A-Bomb Test, 1946/06/06 (1946)
3874:Long, Tom; Schulz, Carsten-Andreas (2021-07-16).
3445:, state support of the sciences, free education,
3274:, which advocates for a democratic ending to the
6336:
5423:"3,000 Leftist Students Heckle Japanese Emperor"
4232:Craeybeckx, Jan, Meynen, Alain, and Witte, Els.
3488:abandoned Ottoman nationalism in favor of early
3209:should be abolished, and whether to adopt a new
3114:There is a renewed interest in republicanism in
3029:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
2800:, and its modern incarnation is associated with
2227:(1789–1791) who sought to create an independent
5448:
4902:
4868:
3337:was a minor force during the 20th century. The
2408:Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party
2307:is particularly republican, represented by the
4671:
4235:Political History of Belgium From 1830 Onwards
3468:, beginning chiefly in the early 19th-century
2985:(1581–1795) that gained independence from the
2041:is uncodified, a republic could be enacted by
1942:as the head of state in favour of a republic.
1878:Debate between monarchists and republicans in
1741:, republicanism has taken a variety of forms.
1499:and fueled the development of the more modern
5867:
5449:Cleveland, William L; Bunton, Martin (2009).
5435:Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton.
5425:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 13, 1951.
4845:. Rome: Edizioni Nuova Cultura. p. 228.
3580:. These values are based on those of Ancient
3156:(supporters of continued monarchy under King
2385:Liberalism, was represented in France by the
2219:which brought together leaders of the failed
1420:
5594:
5468:. In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.).
5365:. The Sydney Morning Herald. March 21, 1949.
5347:Masako Gavin, Ben Middleton (Aug 21, 2013).
5304:. Berkeley Daily Gazette. February 23, 1946.
5249:2001 party platform of the Social Democrats
5148:
5043:"Indiferentes ante la Corona o la República"
4956:
4735:Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä (2007).
4703:. In T. Banchoff; Mitchell P. Smith (eds.).
4490:(in Italian). Editori Laterzi. p. 290.
4320:
4318:
4301:(in Italian). Mondadori Bruno. p. 172.
3464:under various reforms to avoid the imminent
2397:'s 1883 death and the 1891 papal encyclical
5595:Lovett, Frank; Pettit, Philip (June 2009).
5453:(4th ed.). Westview Press. p. 82.
5429:
5397:. Eugene Register-Guard. November 16, 1951.
5213:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4213:Linden, Marcel van der, and Jürgen Rojahn.
2736:when the German forces in Italy surrendered
2094:. Prominent Pakistani republicans include:
5874:
5860:
5411:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. August 9, 1954.
4961:. In Stephen Gundle; Simon Parker (eds.).
4786:
4640:Vít Hloušek, Lubomír Kopecek, ed. (2010).
4538:
4510:
4292:
4290:
4288:
3873:
3824:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3031:(1813–1815) was established, granting the
2933:European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
2836:(PSI) to its left, it was associated with
2749:held on 2 June, a day celebrated since as
1477:, still supported by philosophers such as
1469:extended beyond the civic humanism of the
1427:
1413:
5749:
5612:
5157:
4930:Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti (2007).
4909:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 262.
4875:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 262.
4582:(in Italian). Garzanti. pp. 129–131.
4407:
4324:
4315:
3891:
3880:Cambridge Review of International Affairs
3304:Alliance of European Republican Movements
3023:(1810–1813) until he was defeated at the
2442:, an associate party of the conservative
2393:only in the late 19th century, after the
2213:Committee of United Belgians and Liégeois
2136:2009 Vincentian constitutional referendum
1655:, but other smaller foci also emerged in
5881:
5614:10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.040907.120952
5509:
5151:Íslenska þjóðríkið - uppruni og endamörk
4820:. Copley & Associates. p. 586.
4553:
4253:. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1994. p. 19
3965:
3505:
3398:
3319:
3201:, but maintained the two countries in a
3191:1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum
3061:
2765:
2512:
2502:
2488:
2335:
1830:supports republicanism and in the past
1724:
1721:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
1572:
1515:
15:
5723:
5690:
5463:
4840:
4655:PRI (1968). Edizioni della Voce (ed.).
4577:
4332:(in Italian). Le Monnier. p. 491.
4296:
4285:
3789:
2997:(1795–1806) that after conquest by the
2755:. It was the first time that the whole
2192:2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum
2188:1986 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum
1506:
984:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
6337:
5635:Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370
4817:Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook
4375:is the book of the republicans." (see
3919:
3838:
3713:(1st ed.). México, D.F.: Taurus.
3687:
3685:
3536:, as it does in countries such as the
3197:had granted Iceland independence from
2378:in France or the (originally Italian)
5855:
5562:
5515:
5261:2004 party platform of the Left Party
4741:. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 389.
4707:. Taylor & Francis. p. 123.
4482:
4135:Smith, David, Watson, William (ed.),
3706:
3429:. Kemalism, as it was implemented by
3010:crowned himself Emperor of the French
2747:1946 Italian institutional referendum
2481:1946 Italian institutional referendum
2366:. Most radical parties later favored
1135:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1075:Spanish American wars of independence
5229:"The Swedish Republican Association"
5121:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
5005:Dictionary of modern Italian history
4578:Garrone, Alessandro Galante (1973).
4561:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
4413:Swinburne, Algernon Charles (2013).
4207:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3421:in the 1920s. Republicanism remains
3381:In 1951, three thousand students in
3107:, but it was not until the reign of
5724:Commons, John R. (September 1909).
5464:Cuthell, David Cameron Jr. (2009).
5451:A History of the Modern Middle East
5437:A History of the Modern Middle East
5349:Japan and the High Treason Incident
4654:
4518:(in Italian). Bur. pp. 90–92.
3950:
3682:
3227:In the period around and after the
2943:from 1996 to 2006, and then of the
2710:In October 1922, the nomination of
2037:, was established in 1994. Because
1993:British rule in any part of Ireland
1882:has been taking place since before
1769:1999 Australian republic referendum
1729:A map of the Commonwealth republics
904:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
13:
5601:Annual Review of Political Science
5470:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
5187:
5110:
4738:Encyclopedia of Digital Government
4699:Gary Marks; Carole Wilson (1999).
4564:(in Italian), vol. VI, Rome:
4241:
4226:
3502:Republicanism in the United States
2970:
2877:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
2460:founded in 1955, which became the
2309:French National-Collectivist Party
1975:is the political movement for the
1900:in 1869, and minor actions by the
1852:Canadian republicans call for the
14:
6371:
5801:
5099:(in European Spanish). 2019-01-10
4936:. Springer New York. p. 35.
4705:Legitimacy and the European Union
4595:Dizionario enciclopedico italiano
4144:Policy Options: Bye-Bye for Good?
4134:
3966:Carvalho, José Murilo de (2011).
3908:
3352:survived assassination attempts.
3143:, have emerged, and parties like
3099:, 1808–1814. During the reign of
2496:, the first martyr of the modern
2197:
1832:the Belizean Nationalist Movement
1796:On 22 March 2015, Prime Minister
1674:
5466:"Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal)"
5318:. Evening News. 17 January 1908.
5190:"Dette mener vi om de kongelige"
5149:Hálfdanarson, Guðmundur (2001).
4678:. Sapienza Università Editrice.
4580:I radicali in Italia (1849-1925)
4183:Quentin-Baxter & McLean 2017
4171:Quentin-Baxter & McLean 2017
3845:. : PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS.
3495:
3168:
3118:after two earlier attempts: the
2977:Republicanism in the Netherlands
2816:position, being the heir of the
2132:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2126:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2076:Constitution of Pakistan of 1956
1908:, the emergence in the 1960s of
1873:Citizens for a Canadian Republic
1848:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
1627:, the end of life tenure in the
1511:
1396:
924:Discourses Concerning Government
5717:
5684:
5673:
5660:
5651:
5638:
5629:
5588:
5579:
5556:
5553:, 29 (January 1972), pp. 49–80.
5543:
5442:
5415:
5401:
5387:
5369:
5355:
5340:
5322:
5308:
5266:
5254:
5242:
5221:
5181:
5142:
5133:
5085:
5060:
5035:
5010:
4997:
4979:
4950:
4923:
4896:
4862:
4834:
4807:
4780:
4762:
4728:
4692:
4665:
4648:
4633:
4605:
4586:
4571:
4547:
4532:
4504:
4476:
4451:
4382:
4346:
4269:
4256:
4128:
4101:
4083:
4054:
4033:
4012:
3984:10.1590/S0104-87752011000100007
3938:10.1590/S0104-87752011000100002
3435:declaration of Republic in 1923
3139:, Citizens for the Republic in
3126:(1931–1939). Movements such as
2609:, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the
2558:tradition and a proponent of a
2165:
1896:in the early 19th century, the
1190:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
3998:
3959:
3867:
3832:
3783:
3735:
3700:
3370:During the Imperial visits to
3272:Swedish Republican Association
3163:
2947:from 2008 to 2013 (its leader
2635:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
2281:on 4 January 1790, during the
2078:. Other republican parties in
2019:
1647:movement was strongest in the
1125:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1105:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
5786:. Auckland University Press.
5007:(Greenwood, 1985) pp 210–211.
3893:10.1080/09557571.2021.1944983
3675:
3561:inalienable individual rights
3195:Danish–Icelandic Act of Union
3175:Faroese independence movement
3046:Constitutional Reform of 1848
2958:
2858:left–right political spectrum
2786:Partito Repubblicano Italiano
2358:were at the time in favor of
2313:Rassemblement Wallonie France
5827:Resources in other libraries
5563:Brown, Gordon (April 1990).
5409:"Hirohito, Wife Tour Island"
5363:"Anti-Hirohito Diet Boycott"
5018:"¿El Rey? Muy bien, gracias"
4597:(in Italian), vol. VI,
3522:history of the United States
3149:Republican Left of Catalonia
2444:Union for a Popular Movement
2026:Republicanism in New Zealand
1995:as inherently illegitimate.
1834:did too in the 1930s–1950s.
1744:
1375:Republic without republicans
1120:11 September 1922 Revolution
1115:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
5730:Political Science Quarterly
5670:, 29 (Jan. 1972), pp. 49–80
5119:& Philip Stöver (2010)
4438:The Political Theory Reader
3658:
3129:Ciudadanos Por la República
2462:Transnational Radical Party
2380:Transnational Radical Party
2275:declaration of independence
2215:, a political committee in
2152:Democratic Republican Party
2116:Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash
2065:
1952:Grenada United Labour Party
1884:the country's confederation
1778:
1110:Turkish War of Independence
1032:
10:
6376:
5770:
5668:William and Mary Quarterly
5551:William and Mary Quarterly
5439:. Boulder: Westview, 2013.
4965:. Routledge. p. 100.
4297:Ridolfi, Maurizio (2003).
3790:Sanders, James E. (2014).
3499:
3392:
3313:
3263:
3220:
3189:The overwhelmingly passed
3184:
3055:
3001:had been established as a
2974:
2965:1919 Luxembourg referendum
2714:as prime minister by King
2647:Expedition of the Thousand
2605:In July 1831, in exile in
2594:and Indian prime minister
2478:
2419:coalitions as well as the
2329:
2237:Republican Socialist Party
2202:
2072:Pakistani Republican Party
2039:New Zealand's constitution
2023:
2002:
1998:
1965:
1961:
1945:
1841:
1782:
1751:Republicanism in Australia
1748:
1718:
1701:increasing dissatisfaction
1165:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
914:The Commonwealth of Oceana
6182:
5976:
5889:
5822:Resources in your library
5657:Becker et al (2002), ch 1
5139:Nohlen & Stöver, p967
4793:. ABC-CLIO. p. 403.
4644:. Routledge. p. 108.
4539:Guichonnet, Paul (1975).
4223:: E.J. Brill, 1990. p. 42
3920:Basile, Marcello (2011).
3482:rising ethnic nationalism
3472:reforms. The mid-century
3423:one of the six principles
3388:
3259:
3216:
2590:, Israeli prime minister
2582:, British prime minister
2440:Radical Party "valoisien"
2432:Radical Party of the Left
2376:Radical Party of the Left
2325:
2211:can be dated back to the
2181:
2014:Prime Minister of Jamaica
1991:. Irish republicans view
1919:
1837:
1821:
1785:Republicanism in Barbados
1733:In some countries of the
1568:
1338:The Emperor's New Clothes
1090:5 October 1910 revolution
1085:French Revolution of 1848
108:Liberty as non-domination
5780:; McLean, Janet (2017).
5074:(in Spanish). 2019-06-19
5024:. Elpais.com. 2007-12-30
4903:Cinzia Padovani (2005).
4869:Cinzia Padovani (2007).
4841:Berardi, Silvio (2017).
4436:Schumaker, Paul (2010).
3361:Japanese Communist Party
3339:Japanese Communist Party
3316:Anti-monarchism in Japan
3309:
3051:
2860:, becoming increasingly
2790:political party in Italy
2778:Italian Republican Party
2659:proclaimed king of Italy
2655:first Italian parliament
2485:Italian Republican Party
2474:
2160:United Progressive Party
2005:Republicanism in Jamaica
1828:Belize Progressive Party
1681:Canada in the late 1830s
1180:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1140:1952 Egyptian revolution
118:Political representation
5751:2027/hvd.32044086270303
5569:Chicago-Kent Law Review
5334:Encyclopædia Britannica
5188:AS, TV 2 (April 2013).
4554:Lodolini, Elio (1964),
4266:(2009) 23#2 pp. 193–215
4137:"Republican Tendencies"
3395:Republicanism in Turkey
3288:Social Democratic Party
3266:Republicanism in Sweden
3223:Republicanism in Norway
3124:Second Spanish Republic
2929:Prime Minister of Italy
2927:. The latter served as
2834:Italian Socialist Party
2830:Italian Communist Party
2828:. With the rise of the
2360:constitutional monarchy
2332:Radicalism (historical)
2142:, including its leader
2088:Baloch Republican Party
1912:, and the evolution of
1865:constitutional monarchy
1844:Republicanism in Canada
1739:Commonwealth of Nations
1707:, especially after the
1497:classical republicanism
1475:Classical republicanism
1160:1969 Libyan coup d'état
944:Discourse on Inequality
93:Consent of the governed
5778:Quentin-Baxter, Alison
5691:Nichols, John (2015).
4238:. Vub Pr, 2010. p. 103
4200:6 October 2011 at the
4069:Parliament of Barbados
3839:SABATO, HILDA (2021).
3775:: CS1 maint: others (
3707:Rojas, Rafael (2009).
3513:
3466:collapse of the Empire
3406:
3327:
3120:First Spanish Republic
3067:
3058:Republicanism in Spain
3012:, he made his brother
2945:centre-right coalition
2785:
2773:
2752:Festa della Repubblica
2724:National Fascist Party
2520:
2510:
2500:
2434:, an associate of the
2426:Discredited after the
2343:
2104:Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan
1730:
1580:
1523:
1454:organized as a modern
44:
5274:"Democracy Questions"
5196:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
5165:"Norge som republikk"
5003:Frank J. Coppa, ed.,
4957:Mark Donovan (2002).
4353:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4275:Sudhir Hazareesingh,
3691:King, Bolton (2019).
3670:Criticism of monarchy
3665:Abolition of monarchy
3509:
3431:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
3419:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
3404:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
3402:
3323:
3065:
2999:French First Republic
2941:centre-left coalition
2881:Italian Liberal Party
2769:
2572:Constitution of Italy
2516:
2506:
2492:
2339:
2330:Further information:
2283:Brabantine Revolution
2092:Jamhoori Wattan Party
1958:becoming a republic.
1728:
1709:death of Elizabeth II
1576:
1519:
1328:Criticism of monarchy
1150:North Yemen civil war
964:The Federalist Papers
259:Federal parliamentary
19:
6360:Political philosophy
6355:Political ideologies
5883:Political ideologies
5813:Modern republicanism
4541:Histoire de l'Italie
4516:I Savoia re d'Italia
3122:(1873–1874) and the
2953:Action – Italia Viva
2901:Cipriano Facchinetti
2862:economically liberal
2838:centre-left politics
2794:classical radicalism
2296:support a republic.
2256:partition of Belgium
2217:Revolutionary France
2035:New Zealand Republic
1914:Canadian nationalism
1591:(1822–1831) and the
1507:By region and states
1463:Age of Enlightenment
1440:Modern republicanism
1313:Classical radicalism
1055:Republic of Florence
994:Democracy in America
153:Separation of powers
128:Public participation
6001:Christian democracy
5585:Hart, (2002), ch. 1
5278:Green Party website
4787:Hans Slomp (2011).
4601:, 1970, p. 456
4419:. Delphi Classics.
4363:Niccolò Machiavelli
4358:The Social Contract
4326:Spadolini, Giovanni
4153:on 17 February 2012
3694:The Life of Mazzini
3597:American Revolution
3490:Turkish nationalism
3254:Crown Prince Haakon
3233:Norge som republikk
3021:French First Empire
2889:Organic centre-left
2873:Christian Democracy
2871:alliance formed by
2818:Historical Far Left
2716:Victor Emmanuel III
2616:Kingdom of Sardinia
2552:Italian nationalist
2541:Niccolò Machiavelli
2389:who rallied to the
2368:economic liberalism
2305:Rattachist movement
1973:Irish republicanism
1968:Irish republicanism
1403:Politics portal
1208:Antigua and Barbuda
1155:Zanzibar Revolution
1065:American Revolution
954:The Social Contract
123:Popular sovereignty
5916:Political spectrum
5527:The Overlook Press
5480:. pp. 56–60.
5383:. January 8, 1989.
5381:The New York Times
4619:Universal Newsreel
4556:"BARSANTI, Pietro"
4114:The New York Times
3633:Alexander Hamilton
3564:; recognizing the
3514:
3443:secularism/laicism
3409:In 1923 after the
3407:
3328:
3276:Monarchy of Sweden
3207:Union with Denmark
3068:
2993:, followed by the
2925:Giovanni Spadolini
2905:Randolfo Pacciardi
2826:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2774:
2670:Royal Italian Army
2651:Victor Emmanuel II
2639:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2622:. The philosopher
2584:David Lloyd George
2556:historical radical
2533:maritime republics
2521:
2511:
2501:
2417:Cartel des Gauches
2352:universal suffrage
2344:
2279:county of Flanders
2140:Unity Labour Party
1940:Queen Elizabeth II
1910:Quebec nationalism
1888:rebellions of 1837
1731:
1689:Treason Felony Act
1687:. This led to the
1581:
1524:
1444:political ideology
1442:is a contemporary
1369:Primus inter pares
1185:Nepalese Civil War
1175:Iranian Revolution
1145:14 July Revolution
1100:Russian Revolution
1095:Chinese Revolution
1045:Republic of Venice
894:Discourses on Livy
45:
29:David Lloyd George
6332:
6331:
6031:Constitutionalism
5894:The Establishment
5808:Library resources
5793:978-1-869-40875-6
5536:978-1-58567-334-6
5487:978-0-8160-6259-1
5129:978-3-8329-5609-7
4991:Storia XXI Secolo
4972:978-1-134-80790-1
4943:978-0-38-772141-5
4916:978-0-74-251950-3
4882:978-0-7425-1950-3
4852:978-8-868-12829-6
4800:978-0-313-39182-8
4748:978-1-59140-790-4
4714:978-0-415-18188-4
4512:Mack Smith, Denis
4071:. 12 October 2021
3974:(in Portuguese).
3852:978-0-691-22730-6
3803:978-1-322-14106-0
3720:978-607-11-0366-6
3621:Benjamin Franklin
3089:French Revolution
3041:William Frederick
3027:. Thereafter the
3025:Battle of Leipzig
2995:Batavian Republic
2991:Eighty Years' War
2806:social liberalism
2757:Italian Peninsula
2705:Felice Cavallotti
2682:republican ideals
2568:popular democracy
2564:social-democratic
2531:and the medieval
2518:Felice Cavallotti
2469:Charles de Gaulle
2395:comte de Chambord
2354:, while European
2341:Charles de Gaulle
2252:Republican Circle
2225:Liège Revolutions
2207:Republicanism in
2108:Abdur Rashid Khan
2100:Talal Akbar Bugti
2059:governors-general
2047:act of parliament
1906:Canadian monarchy
1669:Rio Grande do Sul
1639:, xenophobic and
1621:Benjamin Constant
1555:José María Samper
1437:
1436:
1380:Republican empire
1353:List of republics
1202:National variants
1130:Spanish Civil War
1070:French Revolution
1050:Republic of Genoa
934:The Spirit of Law
867:Theoretical works
211:Neo-republicanism
6367:
6259:Internationalism
6190:Authoritarianism
6159:Social democracy
6053:Environmentalism
6016:Communitarianism
5876:
5869:
5862:
5853:
5852:
5797:
5764:
5763:
5753:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5688:
5682:
5680:Contextual Essay
5677:
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4609:
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4590:
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4428:
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4313:
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4066:
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4028:
4026:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3917:
3906:
3905:
3895:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3815:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3704:
3698:
3689:
3649:Thaddeus Stevens
3641:Republican Party
3605:Thomas Jefferson
3601:Founding Fathers
3518:the constitution
3451:economic statism
3383:Kyoto University
3350:Emperor Hirohito
3300:Hjalmar Branting
3137:
3105:pronunciamientos
3073:history of Spain
2949:Giorgio La Malfa
2822:Giuseppe Mazzini
2728:Kingdom of Italy
2718:, following the
2712:Benito Mussolini
2693:Giuseppe Mazzini
2680:and a symbol of
2678:Italian Republic
2596:Jawaharlal Nehru
2545:Giuseppe Mazzini
2525:history of Italy
2498:Italian Republic
2457:Partito radicale
2428:Second World War
2301:Walloon Movement
2271:Flemish movement
1761:Malcolm Turnbull
1705:House of Windsor
1625:Moderating Power
1585:Empire of Brazil
1559:Francisco Bilbao
1429:
1422:
1415:
1401:
1400:
1385:Republican Party
1363:Peasant republic
1323:Communitarianism
1040:Classical Athens
1035:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
113:Mixed government
47:
46:
41:Jawaharlal Nehru
21:Giuseppe Mazzini
6375:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6324:Totalitarianism
6178:
5981:Accelerationism
5972:
5885:
5880:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5794:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5742:10.2307/2140888
5722:
5718:
5703:
5695:. Verso Books.
5689:
5685:
5678:
5674:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5580:
5561:
5557:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5529:. p. 164.
5514:
5510:
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5498:
5488:
5462:
5458:
5447:
5443:
5434:
5430:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5407:
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5402:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5345:
5341:
5330:"Kōtoku Shūsui"
5328:
5327:
5323:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5259:
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5182:
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5143:
5138:
5134:
5115:
5111:
5102:
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5091:
5090:
5086:
5077:
5075:
5072:El Confidencial
5066:
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5052:
5050:
5041:
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5036:
5027:
5025:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5002:
4998:
4985:
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4955:
4951:
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4351:
4347:
4340:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4295:
4286:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4247:Gilli, Marita.
4246:
4242:
4231:
4227:
4212:
4208:
4202:Wayback Machine
4193:
4189:
4181:
4177:
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3999:
3978:(45): 141–157.
3964:
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3804:
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3755:
3741:
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3736:
3721:
3705:
3701:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3661:
3653:Abraham Lincoln
3511:Abraham Lincoln
3504:
3498:
3480:, to quell the
3447:gender equality
3397:
3391:
3331:Anti-monarchism
3318:
3312:
3284:party platforms
3268:
3262:
3252:to let his son
3225:
3219:
3187:
3171:
3166:
3131:
3060:
3054:
3017:King of Holland
3014:Louis Bonaparte
3003:Sister Republic
2979:
2973:
2971:The Netherlands
2961:
2917:Bruno Visentini
2846:anti-monarchist
2666:Pietro Barsanti
2600:intellectualism
2494:Pietro Barsanti
2487:
2479:Main articles:
2477:
2436:Socialist Party
2410:in France, and
2364:census suffrage
2334:
2328:
2205:
2200:
2184:
2168:
2144:Ralph Gonsalves
2128:
2120:Feroz Khan Noon
2068:
2055:prime ministers
2028:
2022:
2007:
2001:
1970:
1964:
1948:
1924:The successful
1922:
1898:Red River Métis
1858:Canadian system
1850:
1842:Main articles:
1840:
1824:
1798:Freundel Stuart
1787:
1781:
1753:
1747:
1723:
1717:
1685:Ireland in 1848
1677:
1641:anti-Portuguese
1635:, displaying a
1601:Cipriano Barata
1578:Cipriano Barata
1571:
1514:
1509:
1433:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1080:Trienio Liberal
1021:
1013:
1012:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
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877:
868:
860:
859:
595:Flynn (Stephen)
480:
472:
471:
312:
304:
303:
229:
221:
220:
176:
168:
167:
163:Social equality
158:Social contract
148:Self-governance
103:Democratization
78:Anti-corruption
73:Anti-monarchism
68:
52:Politics series
12:
11:
5:
6373:
6363:
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6122:
6117:
6112:
6110:Libertarianism
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6085:Fundamentalism
6082:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6073:Third Position
6070:
6060:
6055:
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6038:
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5802:External links
5800:
5799:
5798:
5792:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5716:
5702:978-1784783402
5701:
5683:
5672:
5659:
5650:
5644:Richard Buel,
5637:
5628:
5587:
5578:
5555:
5542:
5535:
5508:
5486:
5456:
5441:
5428:
5414:
5400:
5386:
5368:
5354:
5339:
5321:
5307:
5290:
5265:
5253:
5241:
5220:
5180:
5156:
5153:. p. 139.
5141:
5132:
5109:
5084:
5059:
5034:
5009:
4996:
4978:
4971:
4949:
4942:
4922:
4915:
4895:
4881:
4861:
4851:
4833:
4826:
4806:
4799:
4779:
4776:. 1 June 2018.
4761:
4747:
4727:
4713:
4691:
4684:
4664:
4647:
4632:
4604:
4585:
4570:
4546:
4531:
4525:978-8817115674
4524:
4503:
4497:978-8842074915
4496:
4488:Vita di Cavour
4484:Romeo, Rosario
4475:
4469:978-2296027954
4468:
4450:
4429:
4425:978-1909496699
4406:
4400:978-2296027954
4399:
4381:
4345:
4339:978-8800856256
4338:
4314:
4308:978-8842494997
4307:
4284:
4268:
4264:French History
4255:
4240:
4225:
4206:
4187:
4185:, p. 315.
4175:
4173:, p. 314.
4163:
4127:
4100:
4082:
4053:
4032:
4011:
3997:
3972:Varia Historia
3958:
3926:Varia Historia
3907:
3886:(5): 639–661.
3866:
3851:
3831:
3802:
3782:
3753:
3734:
3719:
3699:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3645:Alvan E. Bovay
3590:English models
3500:Main article:
3497:
3494:
3474:Young Ottomans
3462:Ottoman Empire
3415:Ottoman Empire
3393:Main article:
3390:
3387:
3374:in 1951, and
3314:Main article:
3311:
3308:
3264:Main article:
3261:
3258:
3221:Main article:
3218:
3215:
3203:personal union
3186:
3183:
3179:Republic Party
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3093:Peninsular War
3056:Main article:
3053:
3050:
2987:Spanish Empire
2983:Dutch Republic
2975:Main article:
2972:
2969:
2960:
2957:
2897:Giovanni Conti
2893:Eugenio Chiesa
2761:Roman Republic
2743:Fascist regime
2701:House of Savoy
2697:Carlo Cattaneo
2674:Savoy monarchy
2643:southern Italy
2624:Carlo Cattaneo
2588:Mahatma Gandhi
2580:Woodrow Wilson
2529:Roman Republic
2508:Carlo Cattaneo
2476:
2473:
2446:(UMP) and its
2406:But the early
2391:Third Republic
2327:
2324:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Western Europe
2196:
2183:
2180:
2167:
2164:
2148:prime minister
2127:
2124:
2112:Iskander Mirza
2074:supported the
2067:
2064:
2045:, as a simple
2024:Main article:
2021:
2018:
2012:, the current
2010:Andrew Holness
2003:Main article:
2000:
1997:
1966:Main article:
1963:
1960:
1947:
1944:
1921:
1918:
1839:
1836:
1823:
1820:
1783:Main article:
1780:
1777:
1749:Main article:
1746:
1743:
1735:British Empire
1716:
1713:
1693:Queen Victoria
1676:
1675:United Kingdom
1673:
1593:regency period
1570:
1567:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1495:departed from
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Egalitarianism
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:Related topics
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1278:United Kingdom
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Dutch Republic
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1026:Roman Republic
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
950:
940:
930:
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
467:Wollstonecraft
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
69:
66:
65:
62:
61:
55:
54:
33:Mahatma Gandhi
25:Woodrow Wilson
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6372:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:Republicanism
6343:
6342:
6340:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6294:Progressivism
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6254:Individualism
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6142:Republicanism
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6046:Social credit
6044:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5969:
5968:Revolutionary
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5837:Republicanism
5835:
5834:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5795:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5736:(3): 468–88.
5735:
5731:
5727:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5641:
5632:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5591:
5582:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5546:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5517:Mango, Andrew
5512:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5479:
5478:Facts On File
5475:
5471:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5432:
5424:
5418:
5410:
5404:
5396:
5390:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5364:
5358:
5350:
5343:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5317:
5311:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5230:
5224:
5216:
5210:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5117:Dieter Nohlen
5113:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5049:on 2011-11-04
5048:
5044:
5038:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5006:
5000:
4993:(in Italian).
4992:
4988:
4982:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4899:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4865:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4827:9780960593293
4823:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4687:
4685:9788898533817
4681:
4677:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4636:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4499:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4471:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4446:9781405189972
4443:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4365:and his work
4364:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4282:
4281:online review
4278:
4272:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4184:
4179:
4172:
4167:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4021:
4015:
4007:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:(45): 17–45.
3931:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3754:968-16-6656-9
3750:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3697:. Good Press.
3696:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:James Madison
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3613:Patrick Henry
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3530:republicanism
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3496:United States
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3365:National Diet
3362:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:Kōtoku Shūsui
3342:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3325:Kōtoku Shūsui
3322:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3169:Faroe Islands
3161:
3159:
3158:Juan Carlos I
3155:
3154:Juancarlistas
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:Ferdinand VII
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:Orange-Nassau
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:anti-clerical
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:, as well as
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:march on Rome
2717:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:republicanism
2557:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2421:Popular Front
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:Rerum novarum
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:Radical Party
2342:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2320:Walloon Rally
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2294:Vlaams Belang
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:The SVG Party
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:, the failed
2133:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1894:
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1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
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1859:
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1849:
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1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Liberal Party
1762:
1758:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Prince Albert
1694:
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1672:
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1662:
1658:
1654:
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1598:
1594:
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1586:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Simón Bolívar
1547:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1512:Latin America
1504:
1502:
1501:republicanism
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
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1326:
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1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1295:United States
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
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1205:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Metapolitefsi
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
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1118:
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1113:
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1101:
1098:
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1086:
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1068:
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1061:
1058:
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1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1005:
1004:On Revolution
1001:
996:
995:
991:
986:
985:
981:
976:
975:
974:Rights of Man
971:
966:
965:
961:
956:
955:
951:
946:
945:
941:
936:
935:
931:
926:
925:
921:
916:
915:
911:
906:
905:
901:
896:
895:
891:
886:
885:
884:De re publica
881:
876:
875:
871:
870:
864:
863:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
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833:
831:
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826:
823:
821:
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813:
811:
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788:
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766:
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756:
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751:
748:
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741:
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736:
733:
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728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Jones (Lynne)
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
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623:
621:
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611:
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603:
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586:
583:
581:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
485:Adams (Gerry)
483:
482:
476:
475:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
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328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Revolutionary
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Parliamentary
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
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225:
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217:
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126:
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121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
83:Civil society
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
60:
59:Republicanism
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
6202:Collectivism
6151:
6041:Distributism
6026:Conservatism
6021:Confucianism
5941:Centre-right
5841:
5812:
5782:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5692:
5686:
5675:
5667:
5662:
5653:
5645:
5640:
5631:
5607:(1): 11–29.
5604:
5600:
5590:
5581:
5575:: 13, 19–20.
5572:
5568:
5558:
5550:
5545:
5521:
5511:
5499:. Retrieved
5469:
5459:
5450:
5444:
5436:
5431:
5417:
5403:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5357:
5351:. Routledge.
5348:
5342:
5324:
5310:
5281:. Retrieved
5277:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5233:. Retrieved
5223:
5198:. Retrieved
5193:
5183:
5172:. Retrieved
5169:republikk.no
5168:
5159:
5150:
5144:
5135:
5120:
5112:
5101:. Retrieved
5096:
5087:
5076:. Retrieved
5071:
5062:
5051:. Retrieved
5047:the original
5037:
5026:. Retrieved
5021:
5012:
5004:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4962:
4952:
4932:
4925:
4905:
4898:
4886:. Retrieved
4871:
4864:
4856:
4842:
4836:
4816:
4809:
4789:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4737:
4730:
4718:. Retrieved
4704:
4694:
4674:
4667:
4657:
4650:
4641:
4635:
4623:. Retrieved
4613:
4607:
4594:
4588:
4579:
4573:
4559:
4549:
4540:
4534:
4515:
4506:
4487:
4478:
4459:
4453:
4437:
4432:
4414:
4409:
4390:
4384:
4372:
4366:
4356:
4348:
4329:
4298:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4233:
4228:
4214:
4209:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4155:, retrieved
4148:the original
4143:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4112:
4103:
4095:The National
4094:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4035:
4023:. Retrieved
4014:
4000:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3929:
3925:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3841:
3834:
3792:
3785:
3743:
3737:
3709:
3702:
3692:
3637:abolitionism
3617:Thomas Paine
3609:Samuel Adams
3594:
3559:
3553:
3534:social class
3529:
3515:
3459:
3408:
3380:
3369:
3357:World War II
3354:
3343:
3329:
3269:
3226:
3188:
3172:
3153:
3127:
3113:
3069:
3037:stadtholders
2980:
2962:
2921:Oddo Biasini
2913:Ugo La Malfa
2909:Oronzo Reale
2866:
2854:anti-fascist
2852:, and later
2798:Mazzinianism
2788:, PRI) is a
2775:
2771:Ugo La Malfa
2750:
2740:
2732:World War II
2709:
2689:Action Party
2686:
2663:
2632:
2620:Risorgimento
2604:
2549:
2522:
2466:
2455:
2425:
2405:
2398:
2384:
2355:
2345:
2298:
2268:
2249:
2206:
2185:
2172:South Africa
2169:
2166:South Africa
2129:
2069:
2029:
2008:
1981:independence
1971:
1949:
1923:
1891:
1877:
1851:
1825:
1812:Sandra Mason
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1754:
1737:, later the
1732:
1678:
1657:Minas Gerais
1645:
1612:
1610:
1597:independence
1582:
1548:
1540:Andrés Bello
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:Andrés Bello
1487:
1460:
1446:centered on
1439:
1438:
1367:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
922:
912:
902:
892:
882:
872:
685:Jones (Elin)
590:Flynn (Paul)
550:Clarke (Tom)
545:Clark (Katy)
490:Adams (John)
311:Philosophers
185:
88:Civic virtue
50:Part of the
6304:Regionalism
6249:Imperialism
6212:Culturalism
6207:Colonialism
6137:Nationalism
6058:Familialism
6036:Corporatism
6006:Communalism
5986:Agrarianism
5963:Reactionary
5931:Centre-left
5842:In Our Time
4625:22 February
4157:10 February
4120:30 November
3592:and ideas.
3586:Renaissance
3582:Greco-Roman
3574:aristocracy
3566:sovereignty
3546:Netherlands
3486:Young Turks
3455:his reforms
3372:Otsu, Japan
3296:Green Party
3245:Queen Sonja
3241:King Harald
3164:Scandinavia
3145:United Left
3132: [
3109:Isabella II
2989:during the
2645:during the
2611:Young Italy
2576:Europeanism
2454:, with the
2317:regionalist
2299:Within the
2287:nationalist
2269:Within the
2096:Akbar Bugti
2084:Balochistan
2031:New Zealand
2020:New Zealand
1936:referendums
1854:replacement
1805:Mia Mottley
1773:Labor Party
1643:discourse.
1637:nationalist
1605:Frei Caneca
1589:First Reign
1483:Montesquieu
1471:Renaissance
1461:During the
1448:citizenship
1318:Common good
1258:New Zealand
1253:Netherlands
998:(1835–1840)
968:(1787–1788)
878:(c. 375 BC)
800:Robespierre
575:Etherington
510:Benn (Tony)
479:Politicians
457:Tocqueville
417:Montesquieu
397:Machiavelli
143:Rule of law
138:Res publica
6350:Liberalism
6339:Categories
6319:Syncretism
6309:Separatism
6269:Militarism
6239:Federalism
6125:Monarchism
6105:Liberalism
5996:Capitalism
5946:Right-wing
5501:23 January
5496:2008020716
5283:17 October
5235:2013-02-03
5200:2019-05-15
5174:2019-05-28
5103:2020-04-14
5097:El Español
5078:2020-04-14
5053:2013-02-03
5028:2013-02-03
4593:"Italia",
4373:The Prince
4368:The Prince
4355:notes, in
4075:16 October
3861:1240575298
3796:. Durham.
3676:References
3625:John Adams
3578:corruption
3544:, and the
3478:Ottomanism
3433:after the
3292:Left Party
3211:republican
3152:they were
2959:Luxembourg
2937:Segni Pact
2879:, and the
2875:(DC), the
2850:republican
2802:liberalism
2684:in Italy.
2630:republic.
2592:Golda Meir
2438:– and the
2387:Orleanists
2372:capitalism
2291:separatist
2053:. Several
2051:referendum
1954:advocates
1869:republican
1719:See also:
1665:Pernambuco
1563:Juan Egaña
1489:Liberalism
1467:monarchism
1358:Monarchism
1348:Liberalism
1343:Jacobinism
1033:Gaṇasaṅgha
888:(54–51 BC)
372:Harrington
249:Democratic
239:Capitalist
234:Autonomous
216:Venizelism
201:Khomeinism
37:Golda Meir
6299:Reformism
6284:Pluralism
6244:Globalism
6234:Extremism
6169:Third Way
6164:Socialism
6147:Classical
6120:Masculism
6011:Communism
5991:Anarchism
5951:Far-right
5926:Left-wing
5711:905685623
5623:1094-2939
5231:. Repf.se
4720:26 August
3992:0104-8775
3953:help page
3946:0104-8775
3902:0955-7571
3820:cite book
3812:890169509
3771:cite book
3729:491949272
3542:Australia
2955:in 2022.
2814:left-wing
2607:Marseille
2464:in 1989.
2452:socialism
2186:Both the
2176:apartheid
1938:replaced
1893:Patriotes
1757:Australia
1745:Australia
1703:with the
1653:São Paulo
1613:caramurus
1493:socialism
1213:Australia
845:Venizelos
835:Spadolini
825:Slaughter
770:McDonnell
735:Mackenzie
680:Jefferson
635:Griffiths
615:de Gaulle
610:Garibaldi
570:Drakeford
462:Warburton
382:Jefferson
377:Honderich
357:Condorcet
244:Christian
206:Nasserism
181:Classical
98:Democracy
6289:Populism
6279:Pacifism
6274:Nihilism
6264:Localism
6183:See also
6130:Royalism
6100:Islamism
6095:Hindutva
6080:Feminism
5936:Centrism
5921:Far-left
5911:Moderate
5906:Hardline
5519:(2002).
5474:New York
5209:cite web
4599:Treccani
4566:Treccani
4514:(1990).
4486:(2011).
4361:, about
4328:(1989).
4198:Archived
4046:18 March
4025:18 March
3763:55067097
3659:See also
3570:monarchy
3550:republic
3526:nobility
3470:Tanzimat
3427:Kemalism
3376:Hokkaido
3294:and the
3280:monarchy
3250:abdicate
3147:and the
3097:Napoleon
3007:Napoleon
3005:. After
2885:Centrism
2832:and the
2810:centrism
2730:entered
2574:, about
2448:Gaullist
2412:Chartism
2356:liberals
2315:and the
2264:Wallonia
2260:Flanders
2241:Wallonia
2190:and the
2090:and the
2082:are the
2080:Pakistan
2066:Pakistan
1989:republic
1987:under a
1791:Barbados
1779:Barbados
1479:Rousseau
1456:republic
1283:Scotland
1223:Barbados
874:Republic
790:Prescott
760:Naysmith
750:McKechin
710:La Malfa
705:Khomeini
665:Iorwerth
630:Griffith
605:Gambetta
600:Galloway
585:Ferguson
565:Davidson
560:Cromwell
555:Connolly
535:Campbell
452:Sunstein
437:Rousseau
432:Polybius
367:Franklin
347:Chappell
342:Cattaneo
279:People's
264:Imperial
196:Kemalism
133:Republic
67:Concepts
6314:Statism
6174:Zionism
6115:Marxism
6063:Fascism
5958:Radical
5845:at the
5771:Sources
5760:2140888
5251:, p. 11
5123:, p961
5022:El País
4888:24 July
4754:19 July
4279:(2012)
4195:Profile
3555:liberty
3439:Ottoman
3413:of the
3286:of the
3199:Denmark
3185:Iceland
3141:Spanish
3085:federal
3081:unitary
2963:In the
2782:Italian
2691:around
2628:federal
2554:in the
2535:. From
2523:In the
2277:of the
2247:areas.
2245:Hainaut
2233:Belgium
2229:Belgian
2221:Brabant
2209:Belgium
2203:Belgium
2130:In the
2086:-based
2043:statute
1999:Jamaica
1985:Ireland
1962:Ireland
1956:Grenada
1946:Grenada
1933:Gambian
1902:Fenians
1867:with a
1862:federal
1856:of the
1816:elected
1651:and in
1633:slavery
1465:, anti-
1248:Morocco
1238:Jamaica
1233:Ireland
1218:Bahamas
1020:History
840:Taverne
815:Skinner
795:Ritchie
740:Madison
720:Lincoln
670:Jackson
660:Huppert
655:Hopkins
580:Fabiani
540:Chapman
525:Bolívar
515:Bennett
505:Bartley
495:Atatürk
407:Mazzini
402:Madison
332:Bentham
322:Baggini
289:Secular
269:Islamic
254:Federal
191:Federal
175:Schools
6152:Modern
6068:Nazism
5810:about
5790:
5758:
5709:
5699:
5648:(1972)
5621:
5533:
5494:
5484:
5263:, p. 6
5127:
4969:
4940:
4913:
4879:
4849:
4824:
4797:
4774:AGI.it
4745:
4711:
4682:
4621:. 1946
4522:
4494:
4466:
4444:
4423:
4397:
4336:
4305:
4221:Leiden
3990:
3944:
3900:
3859:
3849:
3810:
3800:
3761:
3751:
3727:
3717:
3651:, and
3599:. The
3588:, and
3389:Turkey
3355:After
3290:, the
3260:Sweden
3217:Norway
2808:, and
2726:. The
2637:, and
2537:Cicero
2326:France
2303:, the
2273:, the
2235:. The
2182:Tuvalu
2150:, the
2146:, the
1920:Gambia
1880:Canada
1838:Canada
1822:Belize
1629:Senate
1617:Guizot
1569:Brazil
1561:, and
1544:Brazil
1273:Sweden
1263:Norway
1228:Canada
1008:(1963)
988:(1794)
978:(1791)
958:(1762)
948:(1755)
938:(1748)
928:(1698)
918:(1656)
908:(1649)
898:(1531)
850:Wilson
820:Slater
810:Skates
765:Mannin
755:Mullin
730:Mackay
695:Juárez
650:Hébert
645:Hatton
640:Harvie
530:Burgon
447:Sidney
442:Sandel
427:Pettit
352:Cicero
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