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solid were about faced and moved off to the attack with an enthusiasm that is nothing short of incredible. By rights, the
Brigade should have been incapable of the action yet those quoted as being there remark that it was the most memorable event of the entire rearguard action. At 5pm, with the Fusiliers on the right, the Bedfords on the left and the Northamptons in reserve, the Brigade formed up with the Babouef to Compeigne road on their right and the southern edge of the woods above Babouef to their left. The Germans had not expected a British counter attack, thinking there was nothing but ragged French units in their area, so were surprised at the arrival of three small but determined British battalions. They put little fight up and many Germans fell in the hand to hand fighting that lasted for around
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1980:
made more progress south of Arras, his troops posed less of a threat to the stronger Third Army than the Fifth Army, because the
British defences to the north were superior and because of the obstacle of the old Somme battlefield. Ludendorff expected that his troops would advance 8 km (5 mi) on the first day and capture the Allied field artillery. Ludendorff's dilemma was that the parts of the Allied line that he needed to break most were also the best defended. Much of the German advance was achieved quickly but in the wrong direction, on the southern flank where the Fifth Army defences were weakest. Operation Mars was hastily prepared, to try to widen the breach in the Third Army lines but was repulsed, achieving little but German casualties.
1706:, composed during the 1920s, describes Petain as informing Haig on 24 March, that the French army were preparing to fall back towards Beauvais to protect Paris if the German advance continued. This would create a gap between the British and French armies and force the British to retreat towards the Channel Ports. The traditional account then describes Haig as sending a telegram to the War Office to request an Allied conference. More recent historians view this view as a fabrication: the earlier manuscript version of Haig's diary, rather than the edited typeset version, is silent on the supposed telegram and Petain's willingness to abandon the British for Paris (a withdrawal which is also geographically implausible).
1478:. The 54th Brigade were holding the line directly to their south and were initially unaware of their predicament, as they were unknowingly being outflanked and surrounded. The 54th Brigade History records "the weather still favoured the Germans. Fog was thick over the rivers, canals and little valleys, so that he could bring up fresh masses of troops unseen". In the confusion, Brigade HQ tried to establish what was happening around Jussy and by late morning the British were retreating in front of German troops who had crossed the Crozat Canal at many points. All lines of defence had been overrun and there was nothing left to stop the German advance; during the day Aubigny, Brouchy, Cugny and Eaucourt fell.
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often not knowing who was to either side of them. Brigade and battalion control over events was absent. It was a day of stubborn and often heroic actions by platoons, sections and even individuals isolated from their comrades by the fragmented nature of the battle and lack of visibility. The greatest danger facing the
British on 22 March was that the Third and Fifth Armies might become separated. Byng did not order a retirement from the Flesquières salient, which his army had won at such cost and Haig ordered him to keep in contact with the Fifth Army, even if that required a further retreat; the day also saw the first French troops enter the battle on the southern flank.
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small redoubts for two or four platoons. Posts and redoubts were sited so that intervening ground could be swept by machine-gun and rifle-fire or from machine-guns adjacent to the redoubts. Defence of the
Forward Zone depended on fire-power rather than large numbers of troops but in the Fifth Army area a lack of troops meant that the zone was too weak to be able to repulse a large attack. The Battle Zone was also usually organised in three defensive systems, front, intermediate and rear, connected by communication trenches and switch lines, with the defenders concentrated in centres of resistance rather than in continuous lines. About
1715:
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1627:. A series of small German attacks dislodged the exhausted British troops piecemeal and gaps in the front created by this staggered withdrawal were exploited by the Germans. The 54th Brigade was slowly outflanked by attacks from the north-east and north-west, the brigade fell back into Villeselve and were heavily bombarded by German Artillery from around 12:00. British troops, supported by French infantry attempted to hold the line here but the French received orders to retreat, leaving the British flank exposed; the British retreated with the French and fell back through
1890:
action north of
Guiscard the night before and their retreat was a 50-kilometre (30 mi) continuous night march from Guiscard to Erches, along the Guerbigny–Bouchoir road. They route-marched through Bussy to Avricourt, then on to Tilloloy, Popincourt, Grivillers, Marquivillers and finally via Guerbigny to Erches, where they arrived, completely exhausted, around 11:00 on 26 March. The German troops who took Roye during the early hours of the morning, continued to advance on the Bouchoir–Guerbigny line and by mid-morning were in Andechy, 5.6 kilometres (
147:
881:). During the winter of 1917–1918, the new British line was established in an arc around St. Quentin, by many small unit actions among the ruined villages in the area. There were many isolated outposts, gaps in the line and large areas of disputed territory and waste land. These positions were slowly improved by building the new three-zone system of defence in depth but much of the work was performed by infantry working-parties. Most of the redoubts in the battle zone were complete by March 1918 but the rear zone was still under construction.
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German preparations, new supply roads had been constructed and shell craters had been turned into concealed trench mortar batteries. Heavily laden motorised and horse-drawn transports had been seen heading into St. Quentin from the east, and in the distance German officers were observed studying
British lines. The British replied with nightly bombardments of the German front line, rear areas and possible assembly areas. A few days before the attack, two German deserters slipped through No Man's Land and surrendered to the
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barely 10 m (10 yd) in places and the fog was extremely slow to dissipate throughout the morning. The fog and smoke from the bombardment made visibility poor throughout the day, allowing the German infantry to infiltrate deep behind the
British front positions undetected. Much of the Forward Zone fell during the morning as communication failed; telephone wires were cut and runners struggled to find their way through the dense fog and heavy shelling. Headquarters were cut off and unable to influence the battle.
2078:. His aim was to secure that town and the surrounding high ground from which artillery bombardments could systematically destroy Amiens and render it useless to the Allies. The fighting was remarkable on two counts: the first use of tanks simultaneously by both sides in the war and a night counter-attack hastily organised by the Australian and British units (including the exhausted 54th Brigade) which re-captured Villers-Bretonneux and halted the German advance. From north to south, the line was held by the
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the northern end of the village, they produced an instantaneous effect. Some three hundred of the enemy, about to enter it from the east, fled in panic. A number of others, finding their retreat cut off, surrendered to some infantry of the 51st Divn…" Despite this success German pressure on Byng's southern flank and communication misunderstandings resulted in the premature retirement of units from Bray and the abandonment of the Somme crossings westwards. To the south of the Somme the 1/1st Herts were:
1543: mi) west of Bapaume). 2nd Army will take Miraumont–Lihons (near Chaulnes) as direction of advance. 18th Army, echeloned, will take Chaulnes–Noyon as direction of advance, and will send strong forces via Ham". The 17th Army was to roll-up British forces northwards and the 2nd Army was to attack west along the Somme, towards the vital railway centre of Amiens. The 18th Army was to head south-west, destroying French reinforcements on their line of march and threatening the approaches to Paris in the
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stubbornly defended. The Bn then retired with difficulty to the line protecting the PERONNE–CLERY road with the remainder of the 116th Inf. Bde. to cover the retreat of the 117th and 118th Inf. Bdes. When this had been successfully accomplished under very harassing machine gun fire from the enemy, the Bn conformed to the general retirement on CLERY village where it concentrated. The remnants of the Bn then defended a line of trenches between the village and running down to the River SOMME.
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Elsewhere the transport infrastructure had been demolished and wells poisoned during the German retreat to the
Hindenburg Line in March 1917. The initial German jubilation at the successful opening of the offensive soon turned to disappointment as it became clear that the attack had not been decisive. Marix Evans wrote in 2002, that the magnitude of the Allied defeat was not decisive, because reinforcements were arriving in large numbers, that by 6 April the BEF would have received
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where the defences had been completed and had been captured. Most of the troops in the zone were taken prisoner by the
Germans who moved up unseen in the fog; garrisons in the various keeps and redoubts had been surrounded. Many parties inflicted heavy losses on the Germans, despite attacks on their trenches with flame throwers. Some surrounded units surrendered once cut off, after running out of ammunition and having had many casualties; others fought to the last man.
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barrage of 6,000 guns on the
Western Front, refers to the recent defeat of Russia which allowed the release of troops from the East to reinforce the Western armies, and expresses the hope of the High Command that victory in the offensive before America can effectively intervene will win the war for Germany. The second half of the movie following the intermission begins with the breakdown of the German attack and the armies being forced into retreat.
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1969:
by all the laws of strategy they ought to have done, was the heroism of the Fifth Army and its utter refusal to break. They fought a 38-mile rearguard action, contesting every village, field and, on occasion, yard ... With no reserves and no strongly defended line to its rear, and with eighty German divisions against fifteen British, the Fifth Army fought the Somme offensive to a standstill on the Ancre, not retreating beyond Villers-Bretonneux.
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themselves, started at Curlu on the Somme and ran past places well known in the battle of the Somme, the Bazentins and High Wood, and then extended due north to Arras. It was, for the most part, continuous, but broken and irregular in the centre where some parts were in advance of others; and there were actually many gaps... Further, the men of the right and centre corps ... were almost exhausted owing to hunger and prolonged lack of sleep.
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1994:] very few men. The retirement took place in daylight through HARBONNIERS & CAIX. At the latter place the Bn attacked the enemy successfully but thereafter had orders to retire on COYEUX where it again assembled in a counter attack in which the acting Commanding Officer was wounded. During the day rearguard actions took place along the river bed to IGNAUCOURT. In the evening the Bn went into trenches in front of AUBERCOURT.
1869:... moved forward through CHUIGNES to a line in front of the CHUIGNES-FOUCACOURT road I support to the 117th and 118th Bdes. After covering their retirement the Bn fought a series of rearguard actions on the many ridges in front of the village of CHUIGNOLLES. In the afternoon the Bn occupied the PROYART-FROISSY road. Orders were given for the Bn to withdraw behind PROYART, astride the FOUCACOURT-MANOTTE road.
1298:, at the XVIII Corps HQ he was briefed that the Battle Zone was intact and at the XIX Corps HQ found that the Forward Zone on each flank had been captured. Gough ordered that ground was to be held for as long as possible but that the left flank was to be withdrawn, to maintain touch with the VII Corps. The 50th Division was ordered forward as a reinforcement for the next day. On the VII Corps front,
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telephone exchanges, railways and communication centres. There were three phases to the bombardment: a brief fire on command and communications, then a destructive counter-battery bombardment and then bombardment of front-line positions. The deep bombardment aimed to knock out the opponent's ability to respond; it lasted only a few hours to retain surprise, before the infantry attacked behind a
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for a new line which would be formed between Bouchoir and Guerbigny. During the day, the Germans made a rapid advance and Allied troops and civilians with laden carts and wagons filled the roads south and west. The Germans passed through Libermont and over the Canal du Nord. Further north, the town of Nesle was captured, while south-west of Libermont German troops faced the French along the
1830:, and Generals Pétain, Foch, Haig and Wilson. The result of the meeting was that General Foch was first given command on the Western Front and then made Generalissimo of the Allied forces. It was agreed to hold the Germans east of Amiens and an increasing number of French formations would reinforce the Fifth Army, eventually taking over large parts of the front south of Amiens.
987:. This reduced the proportion of troops in the front line, which was lightly held by snipers, patrols and machine-gun posts and concentrated reserves and supply dumps to the rear, away from German artillery. British divisions arranged their nine infantry battalions in the forward and battle zones according to local conditions and the views of commanders; about
1925:
than 30 kilometres (20 mi) east of Amiens. This was a consequence of the precipitate abandonment of Bray and the winding line of the Somme river, with its important bridgeheads westwards towards Sailly-le-Sec, by the Third Army on the afternoon of 26 March. The important communications centre of Montdidier was lost by the French on 27 March.
817:. There were 110 of these divisions on the front line, and 50 of them faced the smaller British front. With 31 facing the BEF, there were 67 additional divisions in reserve. 318,000 American soldiers were expected in France by May 1918, and another million were expected by August. The Germans knew that the only chance of victory was to defeat the
870:, had agreed that the BEF would take over more of the front line, at the Boulogne Conference, against military advice, after which the British line was extended. The "line", taken over from the French, barely existed, needing much work to make it easily defensible to the positions further north, which slowed progress in the area of the
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remains of the four divisions, the 20th, 36th, 30th and 61st, of the XVIII Corps. These General Maxse had instructed to assemble at and north-west of Roye, in order to keep connection between Robillot's Corps and the XIX Corps and to ensure that if the Allied Armies separated, the XVIII Corps might still remain with the Fifth Army.
1415:, to which the survivors retired. The redoubt was reinforced by two companies of the 18th King's and attacked from all sides after the units on the flanks had been pushed back. The Bedfords were ordered to retire just as their ammunition ran out and retreated through the lines of the 20th Division, having lost half their number.
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forward to the left and cover their withdrawal. After having skilfully carried this out the Bn conformed to the general withdrawal to a line between MORCOURT and the FOUCACOURT–LAMOTTE road. The Bn collected and assembled, then counter attacked the enemy, driving him back to within a few hundred yards of the village of MORCOURT.
1200:. They spoke of troops, batteries of artillery and trench mortars massing on the German front. They reported massed trench mortars directly in front of 36th Division lines for wire cutting and an artillery bombardment, lasting several hours, as a preliminary to an infantry assault. During the night of 20 March, troops of the
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them retreated, so another retirement was ordered. They withdrew back to Mont Du Grandu further south and away from the British Fifth Army. Midday saw them in a stronger position until French artillery and machine guns opened fire on them, mistaking them for Germans, forcing them to retire to high ground west of Grandu.
1799:, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, arrived at General Headquarters at 11:00 on 25 March, where they discussed the position of the British Armies astride the river Somme. Haig wanted at least twenty French divisions to help defend Amiens and delivered a message for the French Premier Clemenceau. The
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The position gained was held stubbornly against all enemy attempts to retake it. On the morning of the 28th orders were received for a speedy evacuation of this line. The enemy at this point was well in our rear in possession of LAMOTTE so that the withdrawal had to be done quickly. The Bn showed the
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salient, created during the Battle of Cambrai. The 18th Army, transferred from the Eastern Front, planned its attack either side of St. Quentin, to divide the British and French armies. The two northern armies would then attack the British position around Arras, before advancing north-west to cut off
956:
bypassed heavily defended areas, which follow-up infantry units could deal with once they were isolated, and occupied territory rapidly to disrupt communication by attacking enemy headquarters, artillery units and supply depots in the rear. Each division transferred its best and fittest soldiers into
858:
took place against the French in the Champagne region. Although British intelligence knew that a German offensive was being prepared, this far-reaching plan was much more ambitious than Allied commanders expected. Ludendorff aimed to advance across the Somme, then wheel north-west, to cut the British
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had commanded the attack on Riga in late 1917 and because the 18th Army under his command had advanced the furthest during Operation Michael but the methods used in 1918 had been developed in the trench warfare of the Western Front 1915–1917. German artillery tactics in 1918 were also the product of
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were lost. It was of little military value with the casualties suffered by the German elite troops and the failure to capture Amiens and Arras. The captured ground was hard to move over and difficult to defend, as much of it was part of the shell-torn wilderness left by the 1916 Battle of the Somme.
1968:
The offensive saw a great wrong perpetrated on a distinguished British commander that was not righted for many years. Gough's Fifth Army had been spread thin on a 42-mile front lately taken over from the exhausted and demoralized French. The reason why the Germans did not break through to Paris, as
1924:
The town was then occupied by German troops who looted writing paper, wine and other items they found. 27 March saw a series of continuous complex actions and movements during the defensive battle of XIX Corps against incessant German attacks from the north, east and north-west around Rosières, less
1677:
After three days the infantry was exhausted and the advance bogged down, as it became increasingly difficult to move artillery and supplies over the Somme battlefield of 1916 and the wasteland of the 1917 German retreat to the Hindenburg Line. German troops had also examined abandoned British supply
1650:
By nightfall, the British had lost the line of the Somme, except for a stretch between the Omignon and the Tortille. The fighting and retirements in the face of unceasing pressure by the 2nd Army led the right of the Third Army to give up ground as it tried to maintain contact with the left flank of
1398:
On the second day of the offensive, British troops continued to fall back, losing their last footholds on the original front line. Thick fog impeded operations and did not disperse until early afternoon. Isolated engagements took place as the Germans pressed forward and the British held their posts,
1302:
had been captured and the 39th Division was being brought forward; on the rest of the front, the 21st and 9th divisions were maintaining their positions and had preserved the link with V Corps of the Third Army in the Flesquières Salient to the north. The Fifth Army "Forward Zone", was the only area
1286:
When the infantry assault began at 09:40, the German infantry had mixed success; the German 17th and 2nd Armies were unable to penetrate the Battle Zone on the first day but the 18th Army advanced further and reached its objectives. Dawn broke to reveal a heavy morning mist. By 05:00, visibility was
1195:
In the Weekly Intelligence Summary of 10 March 1918, British intelligence predicted a German offensive in the Arras–St. Quentin area based on air reconnaissance photographs and the testimony of deserters; the prediction was reiterated in the next summary on 17 March. Allied aircraft had photographed
2043:
Today (March 30) saw the enemy advancing on the right flank on the other side of the river de LUCE. He very soon enfiladed our positions both with artillery and machine guns. This was followed by a strong enemy bombardment and attack on our front. After a stubborn resistance the Bn fell back to the
1963:
The focus of the German attack changed again on 28 March. The Third Army, around Arras, that would be the target of Operation Mars. Twenty-nine divisions attacked the Third Army and were repulsed. German troops advancing against the Fifth Army, from the original front at St. Quentin, had penetrated
1932:
The Bn who were in trenches on both sides of the road were ordered to move forward in support of the 118th Bde, being temporarily attached to the 4/5th Black Watch Regt. Soon after moving forward British troops were seen retiring to the left in large numbers. Consequently the Bn was ordered to move
1889:
Most of the 36th Division had arrived in their new lines around 02:00 on 26 March, and were able to sleep for about six hours, the longest continuous sleep they had in six days, as German troops occupied Roye. The 9th Irish Fusiliers were a long way behind the rest of the Division, delayed by their
1760:
More orders were received at 3pm to move to Varesnes on the south bank of the River Oise but whilst en-route they were countermanded with surprise orders to counter attack and retake a village called Babouef. Therefore, the war worn Brigade who had been fighting and marching for four punishing days
1746:
The remaining troops of the 36th Division were ordered to withdraw and reorganise. To give support to French troops now holding the front, they set off on a 24-kilometre (15 mi) march west. Around midday, they halted for a few hours rest near Avricourt. While there they received orders to head
1742:
The focus of fighting developed to the north of the 54th Brigade, who were now joined with the French and the survivors of the 18th Division, who could scarcely raise enough men to form a small Brigade. By 10:00 on the 25th, the left flank of 7th Bedfordshires was again exposed as the French around
1580:
By now, the front line was badly fragmented and highly fluid, as the remnants of the divisions of the Fifth Army were fighting and moving in small bodies, often composed of men of different units. German units advanced irregularly and some British units ended up under French command to the south or
1501:
Before dawn the Bn marched to BUSSU & dug in hastily on the east side of the village. When both flanks became exposed the Bn retired to a line of trenches covering the PERONNE–NURLU road. After covering the 4/5th Black Watch Regt on the left the Bn withdrew to the ST. DENNIS line which was very
1126:
Training emphasised rapid advance, the silencing of machine-guns and maintaining communication with the artillery, to ensure that infantry and the creeping barrage moved together. Infantry were issued with light machine-guns, mortars and rifle grenades and intensively trained. Thirty divisions were
1112:
old were transferred, a machine-gun unit, air support and a communications unit were added to each division and the supply and medical branches were re-equipped but a chronic shortage of horses and fodder could not be remedied. Around the new year the mobile divisions were withdrawn for training in
1009:
and pioneer battalions of the Fifth Army held the Forward Zone. Artillery, trench mortars and machine-guns were also arranged in depth, in positions chosen to allow counter-battery fire, harassing fire on transport routes, fire on assembly trenches and to be able to fire barrages along the front of
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lines of communication behind the Artois front, trapping the BEF in Flanders. Allied forces would be drawn away from the Channel ports, which were essential for British supply; the Germans could then attack these ports and other lines of communication. The British would be surrounded and surrender.
2432:
depicts Operation Michael as the big German offensive Bruno Stachel's (George Peppard) squadron is supporting with strafing attacks and aerial combat against Allied air forces. At a squadron party celebrating one pilot's award of the Blue Max medal, the General (James Mason) announces the pending
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tanks which were lighter and faster than the Mark IVs. This was their first time in action. At around 13:00, "twelve Whippets of the 3rd Tank Battalion suddenly appeared from Colincamps, which they had reached at midday, and where there were only two infantry posts of the 51st Div. Debouching from
1737:
What remains in my memory of this day is the constant taking up of new positions, followed by constant orders to retire, terrible blocks on the roads, inability to find anyone anywhere; by exceeding good luck almost complete freedom from shelling, a complete absence of food of any kind except what
1698:
Late that night Haig (after first dining with General Byng when he urged Third Army to "hold on ... at all costs") travelled to Dury to meet the French commander-in-chief, General Pétain, at 23:00. Pétain was concerned that the British Fifth Army was beaten and that the "main" German offensive was
1639:
After an intense bombardment of our trenches the enemy attacked with large numbers. The Bn, after heavy fighting, retired to a crest in front of the FEVILLERS-HEM WOOD ROAD. Here the Bn lost its Commanding Officer, Lieut. Colonel E. C. M. PHILLIPS, about whom, up to the time of writing, nothing is
1000:
The Forward Zone was organised in three lines to a depth depending on the local terrain. The first two lines were not held continuously, particularly in the Fifth Army area, where they were in isolated outpost groups in front of an irregular line of supporting posts. The third line was a series of
960:
Developments in artillery tactics were also influential. Ludendorff was able to dispense with slow destructive and wire-cutting bombardments by using the large number of artillery pieces and mortars to fire "hurricane" bombardments concentrated on artillery and machine-gun positions, headquarters,
1979:
The German attack against the Third Army was less successful than that against the Fifth Army. The German 17th Army east of Arras advanced only 3 km (2 mi) during the offensive, largely due to the British bastion of Vimy Ridge, the northern anchor of the British defences. Although Below
1884:
Of the front between the Oise and the Somme, the French held 18 miles and the British 19 miles . It was for the greater part a continuous line; but there was a three-mile space between the French left at Roye and the right of the XIX Corps at Fransart... To fill the gap there were available the
1672:
The whole of the Third Army had swung back, pivoting on its left, so that, although the VI and XVII Corps were little behind their positions of the 21st March, the right of V Corps had retired seventeen miles . The new line, consisting partly of old trenches and partly shallow ones dug by the men
1485:
of the 6th Northamptonshire Battalion in the 54th Brigade, despite having never been in battle before, led a small and untried platoon as part of a counter-attack made by three companies, against German troops who had captured the Montagne Bridge on the Crozat Canal. The bridge was recaptured and
1402:
Small parties of British troops fought delaying actions, to allow those to their rear to reach new defensive positions. Some British battalions continued to resist in the Battle Zone and delay the German advance, even managing to withdraw at the last moment. At l'Épine de Dallon the 2nd Wiltshire
1282:
were fired in five hours, hitting targets over an area of 400 km (150 sq mi) in the biggest barrage of the war, against the Fifth Army, most of the front of Third Army and some of the front of the First Army to the north. The front line was badly damaged and communications were cut
1689:
The German breakthrough had occurred just to the north of the boundary between the French and British armies. The new focus of the German attack came close to splitting the British and French armies. As the British were forced further west, the need for French reinforcements became increasingly
1355:
Gough ordered a fighting retreat to win time for reinforcements to reach his army. As the British fell back, troops in the redoubts fought on, in the hope that they would be relieved by counter-attacks or to impose the maximum delay on the German attackers. The right wing of the Third Army also
1593:
After three days of battle, with each night spent on the march or occupied in the sorting out and reorganization of units, the troops – Germans as well as British – were tired almost to the limits of endurance. The physical and mental strain of the struggle against overwhelming odds, the heavy
1207:
At the time of the attack Fifth Army defences were still incomplete. The Rear Zone existed as outline markings only, while the Battle Zone consisted of battalion "redoubts" that were not mutually supporting, and were vulnerable to German troops infiltrating between them. The British ordered an
1794:
The RFC flew sorties at low altitude in order to machine-gun and bomb ground targets and impede the German advance. On 25 March, they were particularly active west of Bapaume. Rearguard actions by the cavalry in the Third Army slowed the German advance but by 18:00 Byng had ordered a further
1769:
prisoners were taken with very light casualties recorded by the Brigade; an incredible feat whatever way you view it. They dug in on the German side of the village amongst the cornfields and settled in for the night. Cooking limbers were even brought up and the idea of a quiet night gave the
1237:
on the south, and quite unending in either direction...the enormous explosions of the shells upon our trenches seemed almost to touch each other, with hardly an interval in space or time...The weight and intensity of the bombardment surpassed anything which anyone had ever known before.
2109:
An attempt by the Germans to renew the offensive on 5 April failed and by early morning, the British had forced the enemy out of all but the south-eastern corner of the town. German progress towards Amiens had reached its furthest westward point and Ludendorff terminated the offensive.
1144:), defended the area from Arras south to the Flesquières Salient. To the south, the Fifth Army (General Hubert Gough) held the line down to the junction with the French at Barisis. The Fifth Army held the longest front of the BEF, with twelve divisions and three cavalry divisions,
1228:
And then, exactly as a pianist runs his hands across the keyboard from treble to bass, there rose in less than one minute the most tremendous cannonade I shall ever hear...It swept round us in a wide curve of red leaping flame stretching to the north far along the front of the
1838:
On 26 March, the general direction of the two northern German Armies of attack, the 2nd and 17th, was still due west; the 18th Army opened fanwise, its northern boundary some six miles , south of the Somme at Peronne, running west, but its southern one near Chauny, pointing
1379:
slightly more than they inflicted on the BEF. The attack in the north had failed to isolate the Flesquières Salient, which had been held by the 63rd Division and the weight of the German offensive was increased in the south, where the 18th Army received six fresh divisions.
1755:
road. The 1/1st Herts having spent the night in Maricourt, "marched from MARICOURT to INSAUNE. The march was continued after breakfast across the River SOMME at CAPPY to CHUIGNOLLES, where the Bn reorganised and spent the night." (1/1 Herts war diary, 25 March 1918).
1265:
The artillery bombardment began at 04:35 with an intensive German barrage opened on British positions south west of St. Quentin for a depth of 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi). At 04:40 a heavy German barrage began along a 60 km (40 mi) front. Trench mortars,
972:
wrote: "The year 1917 ... closed in an atmosphere of depression. Most divisions on the Western front had been engaged continuously in offensive operations ... all were exhausted ... and weakened." The last German offensive on the Western Front, before the Cambrai
1127:
trained in the new tactics but had a lower scale of equipment than the elite divisions and the remainder were stripped of material to supply them, giving up most of their remaining draught animals. In the north, two German armies would attack either side of the
1847:
17th Army ... met with very determined resistance, but it was hoped, with the aid of the 2nd Army on the south, which had not encountered so much opposition, and of new attacks – "Mars" and "Valkyrie" ... on the north that the 17th would be able to get going
900:
battalions. Second-line territorial and New Army divisions were badly disrupted, having in some cases to disband half of their battalions, to make way for units transferred from regular or first-line territorial divisions. Battalions had an establishment of
2036:). Some British ground was lost but the German attack was rapidly losing strength. The Germans had suffered massive casualties during the battle, many to their best units and in some areas the advance slowed, when German troops looted Allied supply depots.
1461:
French troops on the British right flank moved quickly to reinforce, with French commander-in-chief Petain dispatching three divisions before British General Headquarters requested assistance at 2 am and alerting 12 divisions to move forward the next day.
1919:
With the choice of holding the old position on the heights east of Albert, on the left bank of the Ancre, or the high ground west of the devastated town, it had been decided to adopt the latter course. The ruins of Albert were therefore abandoned to the
957:
storm units, from which several new divisions were formed. This process gave the German army an initial advantage in the attack but meant that the best troops would suffer disproportionate casualties, while the men in reserve were of lower quality.
1340:. South-west of St. Quentin in the 36th Division area, the 9th Irish Fusiliers war diary record noted that there had been many casualties, three battalions of the Forward Zone had been lost and three battalions in the Battle Zone were reduced to
1732:
The movements of 25 March were extremely confused and reports from different battalions and divisions are often contradictory. An unidentified officer's account of his demoralising experiences that day is quoted in the British official history:
2468:
The Official Names of the Battles and Other Engagements Fought by the Military Forces of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914–1919 and the Third Afghan War, 1919: Report of the Battles Nomenclature Committee as approved by the Army
1833:
Ludendorff issued new orders on 26 March. All three of his armies were given ambitious targets, including the capture of Amiens and an advance towards Compiègne and Montdidier, which fell on 27 March. Edmonds, the official historian, noted:
1208:
intermittent bombardment of German lines and likely assembly areas at 03:30 and a gas discharge on the 61st Division front. At 04:40 a huge German barrage began along all the Fifth Army front and most of the front of the Third Army.
2393:
from 18 to 21 March, before Operation Michael. There are frequent references to the anticipated "big German attack" and the play concludes with the launch of the German bombardment, in which one of the central characters is killed.
1528:
Ludendorff issued a directive for the "continuation of the operations as soon as the line Bapaume–Peronne–Ham had been reached: 17th Army will vigorously attack in the direction Arras–St Pol, left wing on Miraumont (7 km
1328:. By the close of the day, the Germans had broken through the British Forward Zone and entered the Battle Zone on most of the attack front and had advanced through the Battle Zone, on the right flank of the Fifth Army, from
3960:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
1132:
the BEF in Flanders. In the south, it was intended to reach the Somme and then hold the line of the river against any French counter-attacks; the southern advance was extended to include an advance across the Somme.
1795:
retirement beyond the Ancre. Through the night of 25 March, the men of the Third Army attained their positions but in the process gaps appeared, the largest of over 6 km (4 mi) between V and VI Corps. Sir
1610:
and the south of Golancourt. An example of the condition of many British units, was the 54th Brigade of the 18th Division where by nightfall on 23 March, the 7th Bedfordshire and 6th Northamptonshire battalions had
1964:
some 60 km (40 mi) by this time, reaching Montdidier. Rawlinson replaced Gough, who was "Stellenbosched" (sacked) despite having organised a long and reasonably successful retreat given the conditions.
4004:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO.
3938:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO.
4395:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press.
1879:
French forces on the extreme right (south) of the line under the command of General Fayolle were defeated and fell back in the face of protracted fighting; serious gaps appeared between the retreating groups.
1694:
By night the Enemy had reached Le Transloy and Combles. North of Le Transloy our troops had hard fighting; the 31st, Guards, 3rd, 40th and 17th Divisions have all repulsed heavy attacks and held their ground.
983:, giving the British commanders little experience in defence. The development of a deep defence system of zones and trench lines by the Germans during 1917, had led the British to adopt a similar system of
1664:
In the late evening of 24 March, after enduring unceasing shelling, Bapaume was evacuated and then occupied by German forces on the following day. The British official historian, Brigadier-General Sir
613:
2082:, 35th Australian Battalion and 18th Division. By 4 April the 14th Division fell back under attack from the German 228th Division. The Australians repulsed the 9th Bavarian Reserve Division and the
797:
on 21 January 1918. At the start of 1918, the German people were close to starvation and growing tired of the war. By mid-February 1918, while Germany was negotiating the Russian surrender and the
1553:). The advance had been costly and the German infantry were beginning to show signs of exhaustion; transport difficulties had emerged, supplies and much heavy artillery lagged behind the advance.
1826:
The Allied conference took place on 26 March at Doullens. Ten senior Allied politicians and generals were present, including the French President, British Prime Minister, Minister of Munitions
1442:. The daylight withdrawal to the Green Line, over almost 14 km (9 mi), was completed gradually, assisted by the defence of the Ricardo Redoubt whose garrison did not surrender until
1324:
In the Third Army area, German troops broke through during the morning, along the Cambrai–Bapaume road in the Boursies–Louverval area and through the weak defences of the 59th Division near
380:
2070:
The final German attack was launched towards Amiens. It came on 4 April, when fifteen divisions attacked seven Allied divisions on a line east of Amiens and north of Albert (towards the
2028:
The last general German attack came on 30 March. Von Hutier renewed his assault on the French, south of the new Somme salient, while von der Marwitz launched an attack towards Amiens (
1426:
appeared to have misinterpreted an order from Gough for a fighting retreat if necessary, to mean that the corps should fall back to the Somme. The Germans brought heavy artillery into
1010:
the British positions at the first sign of attack. Artillery positions were also chosen to offer cover and concealment, with alternative positions on the flanks and to the rear. About
2139:
The Germans had captured 3,100 km (1,200 sq mi) of France and advanced up to 65 km (40 mi) but they had not achieved any of their strategic objectives. Over
724:
was unable to recover from its losses before these reinforcements took the field. Operation Michael failed to achieve its objectives and the German advance was reversed during the
6041:
1623:
at 10:00. The battle continued throughout the morning along the entire front and at 11:00, the remnants of the 14th Division were ordered to withdraw further south to the town of
1294:. Gough kept in contact with the corps commanders by telephone until 15:00 then visited them in turn. At the III Corps Headquarters ("HQ"), he authorised a withdrawal behind the
965:. Such artillery tactics had been made possible by the vast numbers of accurate heavy guns and large stocks of ammunition that Germany had deployed on the Western Front by 1918.
6056:
6240:
6740:
1434:. The result of the misunderstanding between Gough and Maxse and different interpretations placed on boom messages and written orders, was that the 36th Division retired to
6715:
6710:
2423:
the first character introduced to the reader is Paul Jonas, who is fighting for the Allies on the Western Front somewhere near Ypres and Saint-Quentin on 24 March 1918.
884:
The BEF had been reorganised due to a lack of infantry replacements; divisions were reduced from twelve to nine battalions, on the model established by the German and
6138:
1020:
of the artillery was in the Battle Zone, with a few guns further forward and some batteries were concealed and forbidden to fire before the German offensive began.
5775:
4946:
373:
6217:
1108:
Forty-four divisions were allocated to Operation Michael and called mobile divisions, which were brought up to full strength in manpower and equipment. Men over
691:, where the Allies managed to halt the German advance; the German Army had suffered many casualties and was unable to maintain supplies to the advancing troops.
487:
6245:
4759:
6730:
6433:
6160:
5852:
4817:
1278:
and smoke canisters were concentrated on the forward trenches, while heavy artillery bombarded rear areas to destroy Allied artillery and supply lines. Over
2044:
BOIS DE HANGARD, making two counter attacks en route. (Comment: Lt John William CHURCH died from his wounds and Lt Angier Percy HURD was killed on 30-3-18).
6540:
6725:
6705:
6448:
6203:
366:
1430:
under the cover of the morning mist, which forced the remaining battalions of the 109th Brigade (36th Division) to retreat to join the 108th Brigade at
6443:
6133:
6084:
5999:
1290:
Around midday German troops broke through south-west of St. Quentin, reached the Battle Zone and by 14:30 were nearly 3 km (1.9 mi) south of
6287:
1493:
were retreating across the southernmost edges of the 1916 Somme battlefield and by the morning of 24 March there were only eight officers and around
1043:
The Germans chose to attack the sector around St. Quentin taken over by the British from February–April 1917, following the German withdrawal to the
1770:
exhausted men a welcomed break from the extreme stress they had all been through in the past five days. Unfortunately, their rest did not last long.
6735:
6720:
1690:
urgent. In his diary entry for 24 March, Haig acknowledged important losses but derived comfort from the resilience of British rearguard actions,
6128:
5493:
17:
4419:
1918 Defining Victory: Proceedings of the Chief of Army's History Conference Held at the National Convention Centre, Canberra, 29 September 1998
4924:
4986:
6745:
6188:
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5757:
4976:
4887:
6212:
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4564:
1635:
and at 03:00 on 25 March they slipped away under cover of darkness to Beaurains. Further north, the 1/1st Hertfordshires war diary read,
480:
270:
248:
194:
2172:
1686:
falling into their hands. Fresh British troops had been hurried into the region and were moved towards the vital rail centre of Amiens.
1204:
conducted a raid on German positions and took more prisoners, who told them that the offensive would be launched the following morning.
4787:
5117:
2164:
month. The appointment of Foch as Generalissimo at the Doullens Conference had created formal unity of command in the Allied forces.
1356:
retreated, to avoid being outflanked. The morning fog had delayed the use of aircraft but by the end of the day, 36 squadrons of the
767:
660:
1458:
suffered only minor damage. The Germans were soon over the river and advanced up to 15 kilometres (10 mi) to the Crozat canal.
854:. Michael took place on the Somme and then Georgette was conducted on the Lys and at Ypres, which was planned to confuse the enemy.
6656:
4769:
454:
6438:
6370:
6208:
6195:
6152:
6061:
5787:
5596:
5503:
5405:
5163:
4810:
1438:
on the south bank of the Canal de Saint-Quentin, to form a new line of defence. This required the Division to cross the Canal at
1412:
6562:
6552:
6420:
2230:
All three formations were destroyed and had to be taken out of the order of battle to be rebuilt. Six divisions lost more than
1141:
473:
3204:
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2004). "Myth and Memory: Sir Douglas Haig and the Imposition of Allied Unified Command in March 1918".
102:
Germans penetrate British lines up to 40 mi (64 km) while seizing 1,200 sq mi (3,100 km) of territory
6334:
6268:
6105:
5984:
5657:
4683:
4539:
4445:
4232:
4047:
6509:
5929:
4721:
863:
2493:, who had planned the artillery bombardment for the attack on Riga, due to his "talent as a self-publicist" after the war.
1566:
6280:
5239:
4744:
4336:
2515:
An example of the rearguard action fought by the Fifth Army is given on a website dedicated to the Bedfordshire regiment.
2447:
583:
6494:
1640:
known. In the evening the Bn got orders to withdraw through the 35th Division to MARICOURT where the Bn spent the night.
6479:
5769:
5178:
4936:
2442:
2029:
1306:
559:
6354:
6048:
5864:
5143:
4614:
4469:
4426:
4400:
4311:
4213:
4168:
4145:
4126:
4104:
4066:
4028:
4009:
3987:
3965:
3943:
3921:
1411:, fought until he was killed at 16:30. Directly to their rear was the "Stevens Redoubt", of the 2nd Battalion of the
1201:
725:
5606:
5541:
4579:
2419:
1470:
Early on the morning of Saturday 23 March, German troops broke through the line in the 14th Division sector on the
938:
4512:
4487:
1581:
behind enemy lines to the east, making the logistic tasks of the corps and divisional staffs nigh impossible. The
805:
from the east, so that on the Western Front, Germany's troops outnumbered those of the Allied armies. Germany had
6605:
6410:
6390:
6177:
6113:
5936:
5805:
4716:
4636:
4574:
1779:
1678:
dumps which caused some despondency, when German troops found out that the Allies had plenty of food despite the
1104:. The main weight of attack was between Arras and a few kilometres south of St. Quentin, where the 18th Army had
1085:
680:
5277:
1598:
The 109th brigade planned a counter-attack in the early hours of 24 March but before dawn German troops entered
6405:
6400:
6395:
6385:
6079:
4731:
4706:
4604:
4251:
4085:
4002:
Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras
1095:
771:
6380:
6375:
6339:
6273:
6165:
6011:
5601:
5453:
4991:
4919:
4850:
4619:
4589:
4584:
2079:
1796:
822:
717:
4337:"War Diary of the 9th (North Irish Horse) Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1 September 1917 to 9 June 1919"
671:, adjusted his plan and pushed for an offensive due west, along the whole of the British front north of the
6329:
5956:
5896:
5793:
5698:
5468:
5254:
4958:
4797:
4696:
1419:
997:
of the infantry battalions of the Fifth Army and a similar number in the Third Army held the forward zone.
592:
574:
426:
2123:
1765:
before the village was secured and the remaining enemy – that could get away – fled. Ten machine guns and
6567:
6004:
5989:
5847:
5799:
5571:
5122:
4996:
4909:
4904:
4673:
4661:
4656:
2086:
held off the German Guards Ersatz Division and 19th divisions in the First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux.
1702:
Historians differ as to the immediate British reaction. The traditional account, as repeated in Edmonds'
1234:
1230:
930:
871:
814:
774:
763:
549:
540:
431:
253:
5183:
1050:
The attacking armies were spread along a 69-kilometre (43 mi) front between Arras, St. Quentin and
6755:
6750:
6700:
6547:
6504:
5781:
5546:
5531:
5433:
5302:
4870:
4782:
4739:
1404:
885:
676:
441:
1606:, so British troops were forced to remain in their defensive positions. The front ran roughly between
6489:
6257:
5841:
5829:
5591:
5576:
5297:
5188:
4882:
4860:
4609:
4599:
4532:
2127:
Soldiers help man-handle horse-drawn German 77mm field gun forward over shell-torn ground, March 1918
1091:
1069:
782:
416:
5443:
4507:
4361:
698:
in 1916. The action was therefore officially named by the British Battles Nomenclature Committee as
683:
before continuing with the original concept of pushing the BEF into the sea. The offensive ended at
6464:
5951:
5941:
5870:
5823:
5811:
5751:
5566:
5561:
5483:
4892:
4865:
4569:
4502:
2245:
2189:
1582:
1344:
each, leaving only the three reserve battalions relatively intact. Casualties in the division from
1101:
1077:
969:
875:
790:
411:
6695:
6535:
6527:
6469:
6229:
5924:
5687:
5521:
5516:
5448:
5307:
5292:
5287:
5267:
5148:
5025:
2083:
1714:
1632:
1620:
1250:
896:
battalions were to be retained, in preference to the higher-numbered second-line territorial and
829:
798:
786:
636:
390:
179:
36:
5488:
3958:
Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918: March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives
2074:). Ludendorff decided to attack the outermost eastern defences of Amiens centred on the town of
1572:
6302:
6026:
5961:
5817:
5551:
5478:
5428:
5413:
5395:
5368:
5282:
5249:
4914:
4875:
4855:
4666:
4559:
4460:
2526:
1490:
1471:
1295:
778:
729:
554:
421:
4059:
A Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders 1914–1918
3936:
Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918: The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries
2267:
In 1978 Middlebrook wrote that casualties in the 31 German divisions engaged on 21 March were
6292:
5946:
5835:
5611:
5581:
5511:
5458:
5380:
5348:
5322:
5272:
5203:
5105:
5058:
4842:
4711:
4594:
3905:
2184:) mentioning local man Franz Krämer, who was killed in action at St. Quentin on 27 March 1918
1861:
1783:
1243:
1081:
818:
757:
652:
259:
209:
4206:
Command or Control? Command, Training and Tactics in the British and German Armies 1888–1918
2524:
The physical and mental stress on the RFC pilots engaged in ground strafing, is detailed in
1857:
1774:
6642:
6557:
5244:
5218:
5168:
4525:
4497:
4455:
4295:
3953:
3931:
2390:
2177:
1853:
1665:
1631:
to Guiscard. The 54th Brigade ordered the retirement of what was left of its battalions to
1586:
1197:
947:
721:
712:). The failure of the offensive marked the beginning of the end of the First World War for
668:
644:
628:
5193:
2490:
2135:
Some German soldiers resting while others continue the advance through the Somme wasteland
8:
6624:
5763:
5627:
5586:
5463:
5423:
5418:
5363:
5046:
5040:
4941:
4179:
2535:
1800:
1337:
897:
695:
6577:
950:, operating in small groups that advanced quickly by exploiting gaps and weak defences.
6584:
6499:
5858:
5722:
5704:
5669:
5633:
5473:
5438:
5390:
5375:
5262:
5213:
5052:
5011:
4691:
4157:
4114:
3910:
3229:
2075:
2060:
1628:
1357:
867:
684:
564:
4289:
1517:
6617:
6611:
6572:
6474:
6307:
5890:
5745:
5728:
5536:
5358:
5338:
5173:
5158:
5088:
5076:
4777:
4754:
4701:
4465:
4441:
4422:
4396:
4390:
4307:
4269:
4247:
4228:
4209:
4185:
4164:
4141:
4122:
4100:
4081:
4062:
4043:
4024:
4005:
3983:
3961:
3939:
3917:
3893:
3233:
3221:
2386:
1827:
1435:
1246:
929:
The German army trained using open-warfare tactics which had proved effective on the
893:
1852:
A gap in the British line near Colincamps was held by newly arrived elements of the
1486:
held for twelve hours before Herring was captured with the remnants of his platoon.
5675:
5645:
5639:
5556:
5385:
5353:
5343:
5082:
5006:
5001:
4929:
4749:
4649:
4299:
4181:
The 54th Infantry Brigade, 1914–1918; Some Records of Battle and Laughter in France
3213:
2485:
2381:
2218:
many with no known grave. The greatest losses were to 36th (Ulster) Division, with
1291:
984:
962:
794:
664:
241:
4491:
6484:
6324:
5663:
5223:
5198:
4897:
4805:
4644:
4417:
Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (1999). "Winning the War". In Dennis, P.; Grey, J. (eds.).
1679:
1408:
1044:
934:
640:
617:
436:
4392:
The War in the Air Being the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
1816:
1594:
losses, the sinister rumours which were rife, all contributed to depress morale.
6317:
6297:
5968:
5681:
5526:
5317:
5208:
5064:
4968:
4951:
4261:
4119:
The Kaiser's Battle 21 March 1918: The First Day of the German Spring Offensive
2548:
2503:
2376:
1720:
1482:
1073:
264:
138:
4344:
1953:
1372:
The first day of the battle had been costly for the Germans, who had suffered
1128:
48:
6689:
6671:
6658:
6428:
5716:
5710:
5153:
5070:
4981:
4189:
3225:
2406:
1403:
battalion held out until 14:30 and at "Manchester Hill", the garrison of the
889:
713:
672:
656:
625:
236:
222:
124:
4273:
1512:
745:
5878:
5312:
3897:
2531:
2428:
2414:
2398:
2071:
1724:
1475:
1254:
878:
275:
3217:
2547:
Lieutenant Colonel John Stanhope Collings-Wells, VC, DSO won a posthumous
1028:
358:
6089:
5994:
5692:
5127:
4548:
4438:
The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History
3997:
3975:
1752:
1439:
1431:
1316:
1267:
1116:
1033:
The front line between British and German forces, 21 March – 5 April 1918
632:
40:
3395:
3393:
1446:
During the retreat, Engineers blew the bridges across the Canal between
2099:
1619:
who were hurriedly reorganised and then took post in the wood north of
1603:
1599:
1521:
1447:
1423:
1333:
1325:
655:(Entente) lines and advance in a north-westerly direction to seize the
1388:
1051:
5884:
5651:
4492:
1914–1918 – online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
4303:
3390:
2410:, two maps represent Operation Michael: St. Quentin Scar and Amiens.
2192:(1935) Davies, Edmonds and Maxwell-Hyslop wrote that the Allies lost
1683:
152:
3645:
2131:
465:
6144:
1624:
1329:
1275:
1271:
777:, which they believed had been exhausted by the battles in 1917 at
1988:
utmost resource during this dangerous manoeuvre, loosing [
979:(counter-stroke) of December 1917, had been against the French at
2240:
many of them irreplaceable élite troops. German casualties, from
2181:
1427:
1299:
762:) discussed what they hoped would be a decisive offensive on the
663:(BEF), and to drive the BEF into the sea. Two days later General
4061:(London Stamp Exchange ed.). Aldershot: Gale & Polden.
3982:(Constable 1996 ed.). Belfast: McCaw, Stevenson & Orr.
2860:
2858:
2551:
for his handling of the 4th Bedfordshires throughout the battle.
2480:
Allied commentators described German infantry attack methods as
520:
3077:
3053:
3029:
3017:
2969:
2252:
A comparable Allied figure over this longer period, is French:
1455:
1451:
980:
688:
648:
165:
75:
4517:
3513:
3465:
3429:
1556:
694:
Much of the ground fought over was the wilderness left by the
6312:
3782:
3780:
3257:
3255:
2855:
1787:
1748:
1607:
922:
917:
2013:
The enemy remained fairly quiet except for machine gun fire.
888:
armies earlier in the war. It was laid down that the senior
809:
and three brigades on the Western Front by 21 March, out of
3836:
3824:
3279:
3240:
2899:
2897:
2711:
4298:, Department of Defence Management and Security Analysis.
4140:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood.
3860:
3814:
3812:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3777:
3741:
3729:
3681:
3597:
3561:
3525:
3501:
3405:
3363:
3339:
3252:
3041:
3005:
2993:
2981:
2843:
2819:
2747:
2699:
1699:
about to be launched against French forces in Champagne.
3705:
3380:
3378:
2914:
2912:
2689:
2687:
2538:, who was shot down by machine-gun fire on 25 March 1918.
2401:
the battle is the culmination of an espionage operation.
1990:
1312:
1121:
The movement of German field armies through the offensive
716:. The arrival in France of large reinforcements from the
4023:. Osprey Campaign Series. Vol. XI. London: Osprey.
3693:
3669:
3609:
3537:
3477:
3113:
2924:
2894:
2795:
2759:
2735:
2723:
2672:
2660:
1912:
The town of Albert was relinquished during the night of
3848:
3809:
3792:
3765:
3753:
1821:
British artillery in action on the Ancre, 26 March 1918
1654:
3717:
3633:
3621:
3585:
3573:
3549:
3489:
3453:
3441:
3417:
3375:
3351:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3267:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3101:
2959:
2909:
2870:
2783:
2771:
2684:
2466:
Battles and actions described follow the publication:
4508:
War diary, The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War
3657:
3089:
3065:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2807:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2576:
2564:
1943:
1393:
Operation Michael: British troops retreat, March 1918
1216:
687:, to the east of the Allied communications centre at
6741:
Military operations of World War I involving Germany
4159:
A History of the English Speaking Peoples Since 1900
2882:
2648:
2588:
2489:
years of development but became ascribed to Colonel
530:
6716:
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
2054:
6711:Battles of World War I involving the United States
4156:
3909:
2936:
1806:
1283:with the Rear Zone, which was severely disrupted.
909:due to casualties and sickness during the winter.
3892:(Odhams ed.). London: Thornton Butterworth.
2831:
1154:An average British division in 1918 consisted of
1135:
569:
6687:
4513:Major J. G. Brew, 1918: Retreat from St. Quentin
1860:to close the gap. They were assisted by British
185:
5494:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
4244:Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–1918
4241:
4021:Kaiserschlacht 1918: the Final German Offensive
3519:
3435:
2089:
18:Allied Troop Movements During Operation Michael
4291:Operational Art and the German 1918 Offensives
755:On 11 November 1917, the German High Command (
4533:
4464:(Mayflower ed.). London: Jonathan Cape.
4435:
2385:(first produced 1928) is set in an officers'
838:(Kaiser's Battle), involved four offensives,
481:
374:
170:
53:Evolution of the front line during the battle
6731:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand
4225:The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army
2318:
1786:man a line of newly scraped rifle pits near
1548:
974:
951:
941:
833:
793:. A decision to attack was taken by General
707:
525:
5977:
4416:
4113:
4094:
3842:
3830:
3786:
1682:, with luxuries such as chocolate and even
1557:Actions at the Somme crossings, 24–25 March
766:the following spring. Their target was the
639:on 21 March 1918. It was launched from the
388:
6726:Battles of World War I involving Australia
6706:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
4540:
4526:
4366:The Bedfordshire Regiment in the Great War
3471:
3203:
1090:(Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria) and the
675:. This was designed to first separate the
535:
488:
474:
381:
367:
4503:Commonwealth War Graves Commission, p. 79
4222:
3980:The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division
3904:
3887:
3543:
2930:
2729:
2226:and 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division,
2156:guns, British machine-gun production was
1100:(Army Group German Crown Prince) and the
740:
5776:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
4260:
4121:(Penguin ed.). London: Allen Lane.
3866:
2171:
2130:
2122:
2098:
1952:
1815:
1773:
1738:could be picked up from abandoned dumps.
1713:
1565:
1511:
1387:
1305:
1115:
1038:
1027:
916:
912:
744:
728:(21 August – 3 September) in the Allied
200:
22:1918 German offensive during World War I
6736:Battles of World War I involving Canada
6721:Battles of World War I involving France
6153:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
4334:
4287:
4203:
4154:
4135:
4075:
3952:
3930:
3854:
3818:
3803:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3555:
3531:
3507:
3495:
3459:
3447:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3384:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3246:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3107:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2918:
2903:
2876:
2864:
2849:
2825:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2753:
2741:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
1360:had been in action and reported losing
6688:
4454:
4436:Roberts, P.; Tucker, S., eds. (2005).
4359:
4341:Official War Diaries (Ref. WO 95/2505)
2963:
2371:
1140:In the north, the Third Army (General
1054:. Ludendorff had assembled a force of
6106:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
5449:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
4521:
4388:
4177:
4163:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
4056:
4042:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3996:
3974:
3615:
3483:
3119:
2888:
2765:
2570:
2143:soldiers had been taken prisoner and
1904: mi) from the new British line.
495:
469:
362:
6510:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
4037:
4018:
3912:A History of the Great War 1914–1918
3095:
2837:
1958:Front lines, 21 March – 5 April 1918
1659:
1655:First Battle of Bapaume, 24–25 March
1571:German supply column moving up near
1422:area, where corps commander General
1418:The longest retreat was made in the
1094:(General Oskar von Hutier), part of
921:German stormtrooper with a Bergmann
720:replaced Entente casualties but the
700:The First Battles of the Somme, 1918
651:. Its goal was to break through the
6746:Military history of Hauts-de-France
6439:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
5240:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4266:Journey's End: A Play in three Acts
3916:(repr. ed.). London: Granada.
2530:, a semi-autobiographical novel by
2448:Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
2023:
1948:
1113:the latest German attack doctrine.
937:in 1917. The Germans had developed
13:
5179:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4381:
4242:Sheffield, G.; Bourne, J. (2005).
4138:The 18th Division in the Great War
2443:First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
2094:
2065:
2049:1/1 Herts war diary, 30 March 1918
2030:First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux
2018:1/1 Herts war diary, 29 March 1918
2004:
1999:1/1 Herts war diary, 28 March 1918
1944:Third Battle of Arras, 28–29 March
1938:1/1 Herts war diary, 27 March 1918
1907:
1874:1/1 Herts war diary, 26 March 1918
1811:
1709:
1645:1/1 Herts war diary, 24 March 1918
1561:
1507:1/1 Herts war diary, 23 March 1918
1465:
1383:
1221:
1217:Battle of St. Quentin, 21–23 March
14:
6767:
4480:
4294:(PhD) (online ed.). London:
2502:Lieutenant Herring was awarded a
2274:and that British casualties were
1928:The 1/1st Herts war diary reads:
1856:that had moved to the line Hamel–
1615:and the 11th Royal Fusiliers had
1364:and crew, while having shot down
1202:61st (2nd South Midland) Division
946:units, elite infantry which used
828:The German strategy for the 1918
5542:Second Battle of the Piave River
5164:Russian invasion of East Prussia
2420:Otherland: City of Golden Shadow
2317:many of whom were irreplaceable
2222:the 16th (Irish) Division, with
2055:Battle of the Avre, 4 April 1918
1407:commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel
1352:most costly day being 21 March.
1097:Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz
1087:Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht
726:Second Battle of the Somme, 1918
702:, whilst the French call it the
511:
345:
335:
325:
269:
258:
247:
235:
215:
202:
187:
172:
158:
145:
131:
117:
47:
6606:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
5806:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
4547:
4440:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
4421:. Canberra: Army History Unit.
3875:
3206:The Journal of Military History
3197:
2541:
2518:
2509:
2506:when repatriated after the war.
2496:
2474:
2389:in the British trenches facing
1807:Battle of Rosières, 26–27 March
6429:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
6288:Deportations from East Prussia
6085:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
3402:, pp. 413, 444, 492, 519.
2460:
2313:In 2002, Marix Evans recorded
2199:of which the British suffered
1368:aircraft; German records show
1136:British defensive preparations
1068:aircraft, divided between the
801:, Ludendorff had moved nearly
88:
1:
6340:Ukrainian Canadian internment
4488:German Spring Offensives 1918
4246:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
4184:. London: Gale & Polden.
4078:The German Offensives of 1918
3888:Churchill, W. S. C. (1928) .
3654:, pp. 496, 509–517, 532.
2307:
2300:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2212:
2193:
2167:
1780:French 22nd Infantry Division
1373:
735:
6495:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
5794:Estonian War of Independence
5469:Southern Palestine offensive
4335:Chester, A. G. (2003–2010).
4040:1918: A Very British Victory
2558:
2113:
2090:Battle of the Ancre, 5 April
823:American Expeditionary Force
7:
6449:USA against Austria-Hungary
5848:Turkish War of Independence
5800:Latvian War of Independence
5532:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
5123:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
4268:. New York: Coward-McCann.
4136:Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) .
4097:1918: The Year of Victories
3520:Sheffield & Bourne 2005
3436:Sheffield & Bourne 2005
2436:
2397:In John Buchan’s 1919 book
2207:them in the Fifth Army and
2118:
2104:Situation map, 5 April 1918
2039:The Herts war diary reads:
2009:The Herts war diary reads:
1983:The Herts war diary reads:
821:before the build-up of the
768:British Expeditionary Force
661:British Expeditionary Force
10:
6772:
6532:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
6080:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
5547:Second Battle of the Marne
5434:Second battle of the Aisne
5303:Second Battle of Champagne
5144:German invasion of Belgium
2288:casualties up to 5 April,
2281:Middlebrook also recorded
2058:
1497:left. The war diary read,
1489:The remnants of the 1/1st
1454:but the railway bridge at
1023:
925:submachinegun, Spring 1918
750:German gains in early 1918
15:
6638:
6597:
6518:
6457:
6419:
6363:
6352:
6313:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
6256:
6228:
6176:
6098:
6072:
6024:
5917:
5910:
5842:Irish War of Independence
5738:
5620:
5592:Armistice of Villa Giusti
5577:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
5502:
5404:
5331:
5232:
5189:First Battle of the Marne
5136:
5098:
5033:
5024:
4967:
4841:
4830:
4796:
4768:
4730:
4682:
4635:
4628:
4555:
1803:took place the next day.
1377: 40,000 casualties,
1249:, who was inspecting the
1211:
709:2ème Bataille de Picardie
507:
400:
306:
299:23 French divisions later
281:
228:
110:
57:
46:
34:
29:
6465:Constantinople Agreement
5758:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
5621:Co-belligerent conflicts
5597:Second Romanian campaign
5567:Third Transjordan attack
5278:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
5184:Battle of Grand Couronné
4178:Rowan, E. W. J. (1919).
4095:Marix Evans, M. (2002).
3086:, pp. 207–208, 304.
3062:, pp. 196, 207–208.
3038:, pp. 167–187, 258.
3026:, pp. 176, 194–196.
2978:, pp. 162–165, 168.
2453:
2211:the Third Army, of whom
1545:Second Battle of Picardy
970:51st (Highland) Division
905:but some had fewer than
704:Second Battle of Picardy
6528:Modus vivendi of Acroma
6480:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
5788:Greater Poland Uprising
5688:National Protection War
5572:Meuse–Argonne offensive
5522:German spring offensive
5517:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5293:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
5268:Second Battle of Artois
5149:Battle of the Frontiers
4288:Zabecki, D. T. (2004).
4227:. London: Aurum Press.
3956:; et al. (1995) .
3934:; et al. (1995) .
2306:German casualties were
2299:French casualties were
1550:2e Bataille de Picardie
1251:9th (Scottish) Division
799:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
637:German spring offensive
392:German spring offensive
65:21 March – 5 April 1918
37:German spring offensive
6553:Paris Peace Conference
6541:Ukraine–Central Powers
6335:Massacres of Albanians
6303:Late Ottoman genocides
6110:Bulgarian occupations
5818:Third Anglo-Afghan War
5782:Hungarian–Romanian War
5607:Naval Victory Bulletin
5602:Armistice with Germany
5552:Hundred Days Offensive
5479:Battle of La Malmaison
5429:Second battle of Arras
5396:Battle of Transylvania
5250:Second Battle of Ypres
5118:Sarajevo assassination
5007:South African Republic
4389:Jones, H. A. (2002) .
4223:Sheffield, G. (2011).
4208:. London: Frank Cass.
4057:James, E. A. (1990) .
3906:Cruttwell, C. R. M. F.
2357:In 2004, Zabecki gave
2319:
2286: 160,000 British
2185:
2160:month and tank output
2136:
2128:
2106:
2052:
2021:
2002:
1977:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1887:
1877:
1850:
1841:
1823:
1791:
1772:
1740:
1729:
1696:
1675:
1648:
1596:
1577:
1549:
1525:
1510:
1491:Hertfordshire Regiment
1472:Canal de Saint-Quentin
1395:
1321:
1240:
1123:
1035:
975:
952:
942:
933:, particularly at the
926:
834:
752:
741:Strategic developments
730:Hundred Days Offensive
708:
621:
229:Commanders and leaders
6563:Treaty of St. Germain
6536:Russia–Central Powers
6490:Sykes–Picot Agreement
6318:Pontic Greek genocide
6293:Destruction of Kalisz
6269:Eastern Mediterranean
5830:Polish–Lithuanian War
5612:Armistice of Belgrade
5582:Armistice of Salonica
5512:Operation Faustschlag
5459:Third Battle of Oituz
5381:Baranovichi offensive
5349:Lake Naroch offensive
5323:Battle of Robat Karim
5298:Vistula–Bug offensive
5273:Battles of the Isonzo
5204:First Battle of Ypres
3218:10.1353/jmh.2004.0112
2867:, p. March 1918.
2346:The Allies also lost
2343:whom were captured.
2331:been taken prisoner,
2203:wounded and missing,
2175:
2134:
2126:
2102:
2084:British 18th Division
2041:
2011:
1985:
1966:
1956:
1930:
1917:
1882:
1867:
1845:
1836:
1819:
1784:20th (Light) Division
1777:
1758:
1735:
1717:
1692:
1670:
1637:
1602:, just north-west of
1591:
1569:
1515:
1499:
1413:Bedfordshire Regiment
1391:
1309:
1244:Minister of Munitions
1226:
1119:
1082:Georg von der Marwitz
1039:German plan of attack
1031:
920:
913:Tactical developments
758:Oberste Heeresleitung
748:
659:, which supplied the
643:, in the vicinity of
307:Casualties and losses
6558:Treaty of Versailles
6274:Mount Lebanon famine
6189:in the United States
6157:Russian occupations
5871:Turkish–Armenian War
5812:Polish–Ukrainian War
5752:Ukrainian–Soviet War
5699:Central Asian Revolt
5489:Armistice of Focșani
5219:Battle of Sarikamish
5169:Battle of Tannenberg
4565:Military engagements
4296:Cranfield University
4204:Samuels, M. (1995).
4155:Roberts, A. (2006).
4099:. London: Arcturus.
4076:Kitchen, M. (2001).
3474:, pp. 791, 811.
3288:, pp. 323, 398.
3249:, pp. 328, 343.
2720:, pp. 231, 251.
2242:21 March – 30 April,
2178:Ruhstorf an der Rott
1854:New Zealand Division
1587:Sir James E. Edmonds
1585:, Brigadier-General
1573:Étricourt-Manancourt
1520:crew moving up near
1233:, as well as of the
1176:light machine-guns,
1172:heavy machine guns,
948:infiltration tactics
825:(AEF) was complete.
770:(BEF), commanded by
669:German General Staff
6668: /
6625:They shall not pass
6548:Treaty of Bucharest
6505:Treaty of Bucharest
6444:USA against Germany
6421:Declarations of war
6125:German occupations
6038:British casualties
5897:Soviet–Georgian War
5824:Egyptian Revolution
5764:Armeno-Georgian War
5628:Somaliland campaign
5587:Armistice of Mudros
5464:Battle of Caporetto
5454:Battle of Mărășești
5424:Zimmermann telegram
5419:February Revolution
5364:Battle of the Somme
5288:Bug-Narew Offensive
5263:Battle of Gallipoli
5255:Sinking of the RMS
5047:Scramble for Africa
5041:Franco-Prussian War
4697:Sinai and Palestine
4486:Watson, Alexander:
4360:Fuller, S. (2013).
3750:, pp. 130–137.
3738:, pp. 121–129.
3690:, pp. 136–137.
3618:, pp. 219–222.
3606:, pp. 496–497.
3570:, pp. 536–537.
3534:, pp. 538–544.
3510:, pp. 491–492.
3486:, pp. 138–139.
3414:, pp. 393–394.
3372:, pp. 438–439.
3348:, pp. 293–298.
3264:, pp. 269–270.
3122:, pp. 128–129.
3050:, pp. 224–225.
3014:, pp. 170–182.
3002:, pp. 163–164.
2990:, pp. 260–263.
2852:, pp. 107–108.
2828:, pp. 144–151.
2768:, pp. 110–116.
2756:, pp. 124–125.
2708:, pp. 158–160.
2372:Cultural references
2327:casualties of whom
2311: 250,000 men.
2244:which includes the
2236:German losses were
2216: 15,000 died,
1843:In the north, the
1801:Doullens Conference
1338:Seraucourt-le-Grand
696:Battle of the Somme
667:, the chief of the
622:Unternehmen Michael
449:Associated articles
6585:Treaty of Lausanne
6500:Paris Economy Pact
6434:UK against Germany
6364:Entry into the war
6330:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
6049:Ottoman casualties
5859:Franco-Turkish War
5739:Post-War conflicts
5723:Russian Revolution
5705:Invasion of Darfur
5670:Kelantan rebellion
5658:Kurdish rebellions
5634:Mexican Revolution
5474:October Revolution
5439:Kerensky offensive
5414:Capture of Baghdad
5391:Monastir offensive
5376:Brusilov offensive
5214:Battle of Kolubara
5053:Russo-Japanese War
4080:. Stroud: Tempus.
3714:, pp. 87–137.
2351:2,000 machine-guns
2197: 255,000 men
2186:
2137:
2129:
2107:
2076:Villers-Bretonneux
2061:Battle of the Avre
2034:30 March – 5 April
1961:
1824:
1792:
1730:
1583:official historian
1578:
1526:
1396:
1358:Royal Flying Corps
1322:
1257:on the morning of
1124:
1036:
968:An officer of the
927:
868:David Lloyd George
753:
685:Villers-Bretonneux
629:military offensive
6756:April 1918 events
6751:March 1918 events
6701:Conflicts in 1918
6651:
6650:
6634:
6633:
6618:The Golden Virgin
6612:Mutilated victory
6593:
6592:
6573:Treaty of Trianon
6568:Treaty of Neuilly
6475:Damascus Protocol
6348:
6347:
6308:Armenian genocide
6265:Allied blockades
6237:Belgian refugees
6020:
6019:
5930:Strategic bombing
5906:
5905:
5891:Franco-Syrian War
5865:Greco-Turkish War
5853:Anglo-Turkish War
5836:Polish–Soviet War
5770:German Revolution
5746:Russian Civil War
5729:Finnish Civil War
5562:Battle of Megiddo
5537:Battle of Goychay
5484:Battle of Cambrai
5444:Battle of Mărăști
5359:Battle of Jutland
5339:Erzurum offensive
5194:Siege of Przemyśl
5174:Siege of Tsingtao
5159:Battle of Galicia
5089:Second Balkan War
5077:Italo-Turkish War
5034:Pre-War conflicts
5020:
5019:
4910:Portuguese Empire
4826:
4825:
4788:German New Guinea
4770:Asian and Pacific
4447:978-1-85109-420-2
4347:on 4 October 2013
4234:978-1-84513-691-8
4049:978-0-29784-652-9
4038:Hart, P. (2008).
4019:Gray, R. (1991).
3869:, pp. 1–204.
3702:, pp. 64–75.
3678:, pp. 27–28.
3098:, pp. 35–40.
2906:, pp. 94–99.
2804:, pp. 20–21.
2744:, pp. 41–42.
2681:, pp. 51–56.
2669:, pp. 98–99.
2573:, pp. 26–31.
2491:Georg Bruchmüller
2304: 80,000 and
2272: 39,929 men
2246:Battle of the Lys
2228:7,023 casualties.
2220:7,310 casualties,
1828:Winston Churchill
1436:Sommette-Eaucourt
1247:Winston Churchill
609:Operation Michael
605:
604:
578:
544:
499:Operation Michael
463:
462:
357:
356:
106:
105:
30:Operation Michael
6763:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6672:49.800°N 2.800°E
6669:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6578:Treaty of Sèvres
6470:Treaty of London
6361:
6360:
6139:Northeast France
6070:
6069:
6042:Parliamentarians
5975:
5974:
5937:Chemical weapons
5915:
5914:
5676:Senussi campaign
5646:Muscat rebellion
5640:Maritz rebellion
5557:Vardar offensive
5386:Battle of Romani
5354:Battle of Asiago
5344:Battle of Verdun
5308:Kosovo offensive
5083:First Balkan War
5031:
5030:
4930:Russian Republic
4839:
4838:
4633:
4632:
4575:Economic history
4542:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4475:
4451:
4432:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4362:"1918 War Diary"
4356:
4354:
4352:
4343:. Archived from
4324:
4322:
4320:
4277:
4257:
4238:
4219:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4174:
4162:
4151:
4132:
4110:
4091:
4072:
4053:
4034:
4015:
3993:
3971:
3949:
3927:
3915:
3901:
3890:The World Crisis
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3843:Middlebrook 1978
3840:
3834:
3831:Middlebrook 1978
3828:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3790:
3787:Marix Evans 2002
3784:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2494:
2486:Oskar von Hutier
2484:because General
2478:
2472:
2464:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:75,000 prisoners
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:7,149 casualties
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2190:Official History
2176:War memorial in
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2050:
2035:
2024:Day 10, 30 March
2019:
2000:
1975:
1949:Day 8, 28 March,
1939:
1915:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1875:
1782:and the British
1778:Infantry of the
1768:
1764:
1704:Official History
1666:James E. Edmonds
1646:
1618:
1614:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1508:
1496:
1445:
1405:16th Manchesters
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:19 and 8 losses.
1367:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1281:
1280:3,500,000 shells
1261:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1111:
1107:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1004:
996:
995:
991:
985:defence in depth
978:
963:creeping barrage
955:
945:
908:
904:
837:
830:Spring Offensive
812:
808:
804:
795:Erich Ludendorff
775:Sir Douglas Haig
711:
665:Erich Ludendorff
616:
596:
587:
576:
542:
521:Cugny-Golancourt
515:
502:
500:
490:
483:
476:
467:
466:
427:Montdidier-Noyon
395:
393:
383:
376:
369:
360:
359:
350:
349:
348:
340:
339:
338:
330:
329:
328:
274:
273:
263:
262:
252:
251:
242:Erich Ludendorff
240:
239:
221:
219:
218:
212:
208:
206:
205:
197:
193:
191:
190:
182:
178:
176:
175:
164:
162:
161:
151:
149:
148:
137:
135:
134:
123:
121:
120:
59:
58:
51:
27:
26:
6771:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6686:
6685:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6647:
6630:
6589:
6521:
6514:
6485:Treaty of Darin
6453:
6415:
6371:Austria-Hungary
6357:
6344:
6325:Rape of Belgium
6252:
6224:
6172:
6166:Western Armenia
6161:Eastern Galicia
6094:
6068:
6032:
6031:Civilian impact
6030:
6016:
5973:
5902:
5734:
5664:Ovambo Uprising
5616:
5498:
5400:
5327:
5245:Battle of Łomża
5228:
5224:Christmas truce
5199:Race to the Sea
5132:
5094:
5016:
4987:Austria-Hungary
4963:
4898:Empire of Japan
4835:
4833:
4822:
4806:U-boat campaign
4792:
4764:
4726:
4678:
4624:
4605:Popular culture
4551:
4546:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4448:
4429:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4384:
4382:Further reading
4379:
4370:
4368:
4350:
4348:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4262:Sherriff, R. C.
4254:
4235:
4216:
4194:
4192:
4171:
4148:
4129:
4115:Middlebrook, M.
4107:
4088:
4069:
4050:
4031:
4012:
3990:
3968:
3946:
3924:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3472:Greenhalgh 2004
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3391:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3202:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2439:
2426:The 1966 movie
2374:
2365:
2362:177,739 British
2361:
2359:239,800 German,
2358:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2335:casualties and
2332:
2328:
2325:177,739 British
2324:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2297:65,000 wounded;
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2265: 328,000.
2264:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:, are given as
2241:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2204:
2201:177,739 killed,
2200:
2196:
2188:In the British
2170:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:1,300 artillery
2144:
2140:
2121:
2116:
2105:
2097:
2095:Day 15, 5 April
2092:
2068:
2066:Day 14, 4 April
2063:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2007:
2005:Day 9, 29 March
2001:
1998:
1976:
1973:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1913:
1910:
1908:Day 7, 27 March
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1873:
1822:
1814:
1812:Day 6, 26 March
1809:
1790:, 25 March 1918
1766:
1762:
1728:
1712:
1710:Day 5, 25 March
1680:U-boat campaign
1662:
1660:Day 4, 24 March
1657:
1647:
1644:
1616:
1613:c. 206 men each
1612:
1576:
1564:
1562:Day 4, 24 March
1559:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1518:21 cm Mörser 16
1509:
1506:
1494:
1468:
1466:Day 3, 23 March
1443:
1409:Wilfrith Elstob
1394:
1386:
1384:Day 2, 22 March
1376:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1320:
1319:, 26 March 1918
1279:
1263:
1242:
1224:
1222:Day 1, 21 March
1219:
1214:
1189:
1185:
1182:360 motorcycles
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1045:Hindenburg Line
1041:
1034:
1026:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
988:
915:
906:
902:
892:and first-line
810:
806:
802:
751:
743:
738:
641:Hindenburg Line
635:that began the
612:
606:
601:
594:
585:
513:
503:
498:
496:
494:
464:
459:
455:Order of Battle
446:
432:3rd Morlancourt
396:
391:
389:
387:
346:
344:
336:
334:
326:
324:
321:
302:
268:
267:
257:
256:
246:
234:
216:
214:
213:
203:
201:
188:
186:
173:
171:
159:
157:
146:
144:
132:
130:
118:
116:
98:
78:
52:
23:
20:
12:
11:
5:
6769:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6696:1918 in France
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6621:
6614:
6609:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6520:Peace treaties
6519:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6406:United Kingdom
6403:
6398:
6396:Ottoman Empire
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6300:
6298:Sack of Dinant
6295:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6262:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6246:United Kingdom
6243:
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6206:
6200:POW locations
6198:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6182:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6108:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6035:
6033:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6000:United Kingdom
5997:
5995:Ottoman Empire
5992:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5972:
5971:
5969:Trench warfare
5966:
5965:
5964:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5921:
5919:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5685:
5682:Volta-Bani War
5679:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5527:Zeebrugge Raid
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5410:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5318:Battle of Loos
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5209:Black Sea raid
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5111:Historiography
5102:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5065:Bosnian Crisis
5062:
5059:Tangier Crisis
5056:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5035:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4992:Ottoman Empire
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4969:Central Powers
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4952:British Empire
4947:United Kingdom
4944:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:Russian Empire
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4843:Entente Powers
4836:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4811:North Atlantic
4802:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4722:Central Arabia
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4684:Middle Eastern
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4641:
4639:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4585:Historiography
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4482:
4481:External links
4479:
4477:
4476:
4470:
4461:Winged Victory
4452:
4446:
4433:
4427:
4414:
4401:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4357:
4326:
4325:
4312:
4279:
4278:
4258:
4252:
4239:
4233:
4220:
4214:
4201:
4175:
4169:
4152:
4146:
4133:
4127:
4111:
4105:
4092:
4086:
4073:
4067:
4054:
4048:
4035:
4029:
4016:
4010:
3994:
3988:
3972:
3966:
3954:Edmonds, J. E.
3950:
3944:
3932:Edmonds, J. E.
3928:
3922:
3902:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3857:, p. 349.
3847:
3845:, p. 347.
3835:
3833:, p. 322.
3823:
3821:, p. 491.
3808:
3806:, p. 490.
3791:
3776:
3774:, p. 137.
3764:
3762:, p. 489.
3752:
3740:
3728:
3726:, p. 127.
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3642:, p. 523.
3632:
3630:, p. 518.
3620:
3608:
3596:
3594:, p. 526.
3584:
3582:, p. 536.
3572:
3560:
3558:, p. 544.
3548:
3546:, p. 510.
3544:Cruttwell 1940
3536:
3524:
3522:, p. 393.
3512:
3500:
3498:, p. 472.
3488:
3476:
3464:
3462:, p. 450.
3452:
3450:, p. 448.
3440:
3438:, p. 391.
3428:
3426:, p. 392.
3416:
3404:
3389:
3387:, p. 470.
3374:
3362:
3360:, p. 427.
3350:
3338:
3336:, p. 406.
3326:
3324:, p. 291.
3314:
3312:, p. 405.
3302:
3300:, p. 400.
3290:
3278:
3276:, p. 396.
3266:
3251:
3239:
3196:
3194:, p. 299.
3184:
3182:, p. 272.
3172:
3170:, p. 266.
3160:
3158:, p. 274.
3148:
3146:, p. 177.
3136:
3134:, p. 271.
3124:
3112:
3110:, p. 262.
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2968:
2935:
2933:, p. 768.
2931:Churchill 1938
2923:
2921:, p. 162.
2908:
2893:
2891:, p. 192.
2881:
2879:, p. 111.
2869:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2792:, p. 247.
2782:
2780:, p. 288.
2770:
2758:
2746:
2734:
2732:, p. 258.
2730:Sheffield 2011
2722:
2710:
2698:
2696:, p. 157.
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2645:, p. 123.
2635:
2633:, p. 144.
2623:
2621:, p. 139.
2611:
2609:, p. 142.
2599:
2587:
2585:, p. 140.
2575:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:Victoria Cross
2540:
2527:Winged Victory
2517:
2508:
2504:Victoria Cross
2495:
2482:Hutier tactics
2473:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2377:R. C. Sherriff
2373:
2370:
2290:22,000 killed,
2279: 38,512.
2169:
2166:
2141:75,000 British
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2067:
2064:
2059:Main article:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2025:
2022:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1996:
1971:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1909:
1906:
1871:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1721:60 pounder gun
1718:
1711:
1708:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1642:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1516:
1504:
1483:Alfred Herring
1467:
1464:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1310:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1184:and bicycles,
1137:
1134:
1120:
1074:Otto von Below
1040:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1022:
935:Battle of Riga
914:
911:
864:Prime Minister
835:Kaiserschlacht
749:
742:
739:
737:
734:
681:British Armies
624:) was a major
603:
602:
600:
599:
590:
581:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
508:
505:
504:
493:
492:
485:
478:
470:
461:
460:
458:
457:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
401:
398:
397:
386:
385:
378:
371:
363:
355:
354:
353:
352:
342:
332:
320:
319:
315:
313:
309:
308:
304:
303:
301:
300:
297:
294:
290:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
265:Ferdinand Foch
244:
231:
230:
226:
225:
199:
198:
195:United Kingdom
183:
168:
155:
139:British Empire
127:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
94:
93:
84:
80:
79:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
44:
43:
32:
31:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6768:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6684:
6681:
6677:49.800; 2.800
6644:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6412:
6411:United States
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6356:
6351:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6097:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6028:
6023:
6013:
6012:United States
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5962:Convoy system
5960:
5959:
5958:
5957:Naval warfare
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5717:Kaocen revolt
5715:
5712:
5711:Easter Rising
5709:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Great Retreat
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Battle of Cer
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5071:Agadir Crisis
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4959:United States
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4877:
4876:French Empire
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4829:
4819:
4818:Mediterranean
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4798:Naval warfare
4795:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4674:Italian Front
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4662:Eastern Front
4660:
4658:
4657:Western Front
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Puppet states
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4473:
4471:0-58312-287-6
4467:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4456:Yeates, V. M.
4453:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4428:0-73170-510-6
4424:
4420:
4415:
4404:
4402:1-84342-415-0
4398:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4315:
4313:0-41535-600-8
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4215:0-7146-4214-2
4211:
4207:
4202:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4170:0-29785-076-8
4166:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4149:
4147:1-84342-866-0
4143:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4128:0-14-005278-X
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4106:0-572-02838-5
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4068:0-948130-18-0
4064:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4030:1-85532-157-2
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4011:0-89839-180-6
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3989:0-09-476630-4
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3967:0-89839-223-3
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3945:0-89839-219-5
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3923:0-586-08398-7
3919:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3868:
3867:Sherriff 1937
3863:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3805:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3789:, p. 63.
3788:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3666:, p. 34.
3665:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3074:, p. 18.
3073:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3013:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2816:, p. 21.
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2657:, p. 40.
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2597:, p. 10.
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:Battlefield 1
2402:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2391:Saint-Quentin
2388:
2384:
2383:
2382:Journey's End
2378:
2369:
2366:77,000 French
2344:
2337:77,000 French
2321:
2247:
2234:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2165:
2133:
2125:
2111:
2101:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:14th Division
2077:
2073:
2062:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2014:
2010:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1981:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1905:
1886:
1881:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1568:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1381:
1359:
1353:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:107th Brigade
1193:
1152:357 aircraft.
1149:119 tanks and
1143:
1133:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1106:27 divisions.
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1062:3,500 mortars
1056:74 divisions,
1053:
1048:
1046:
1030:
1021:
998:
986:
982:
977:
971:
966:
964:
958:
954:
949:
944:
943:(Stoßtruppen)
940:
936:
932:
931:Eastern Front
924:
919:
910:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
852:Blücher–Yorck
849:
845:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
807:192 divisions
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Passchendaele
784:
780:
776:
773:
772:Field Marshal
769:
765:
764:Western Front
761:
759:
747:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:United States
715:
710:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:Channel Ports
654:
650:
646:
645:Saint-Quentin
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
598:
591:
589:
582:
580:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
510:
509:
506:
501:
491:
486:
484:
479:
477:
472:
471:
468:
456:
453:
452:
451:
450:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:
403:
402:
399:
394:
384:
379:
377:
372:
370:
365:
364:
361:
343:
333:
323:
322:
317:
316:
314:
311:
310:
305:
298:
295:
292:
291:
289:
286:
285:
280:
277:
272:
266:
261:
255:
250:
245:
243:
238:
233:
232:
227:
224:
223:United States
211:
196:
184:
181:
169:
167:
156:
154:
143:
142:
141:
140:
128:
126:
125:German Empire
115:
114:
109:
101:
96:
95:
91:
90:
85:
82:
81:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
50:
45:
42:
38:
33:
28:
25:
19:
6653:
6623:
6616:
6604:
6211: /
6143:
5978:Conscription
5942:Cryptography
5879:Iraqi Revolt
5313:Siege of Kut
5256:
4834:participants
4783:German Samoa
4717:South Arabia
4459:
4437:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4391:
4369:. Retrieved
4365:
4349:. Retrieved
4345:the original
4340:
4328:
4327:
4317:. Retrieved
4290:
4281:
4280:
4265:
4243:
4224:
4205:
4193:. Retrieved
4180:
4158:
4137:
4118:
4096:
4077:
4058:
4039:
4020:
4001:
3979:
3957:
3935:
3911:
3889:
3881:
3880:
3876:Bibliography
3862:
3855:Zabecki 2004
3850:
3838:
3826:
3819:Edmonds 1937
3804:Edmonds 1937
3772:Edmonds 1937
3767:
3760:Edmonds 1937
3755:
3748:Edmonds 1937
3743:
3736:Edmonds 1937
3731:
3724:Edmonds 1937
3719:
3712:Edmonds 1937
3707:
3700:Edmonds 1937
3695:
3688:Roberts 2006
3683:
3676:Edmonds 1937
3671:
3664:Edmonds 1937
3659:
3652:Edmonds 1935
3647:
3640:Edmonds 1935
3635:
3628:Edmonds 1935
3623:
3611:
3604:Edmonds 1935
3599:
3592:Edmonds 1935
3587:
3580:Edmonds 1935
3575:
3568:Edmonds 1935
3563:
3556:Edmonds 1935
3551:
3539:
3532:Edmonds 1935
3527:
3515:
3508:Edmonds 1935
3503:
3496:Edmonds 1935
3491:
3479:
3467:
3460:Edmonds 1935
3455:
3448:Edmonds 1935
3443:
3431:
3424:Edmonds 1935
3419:
3412:Edmonds 1935
3407:
3400:Edmonds 1935
3385:Edmonds 1935
3370:Edmonds 1935
3365:
3358:Edmonds 1935
3353:
3346:Nichols 1922
3341:
3334:Edmonds 1935
3329:
3322:Nichols 1922
3317:
3310:Edmonds 1935
3305:
3298:Edmonds 1935
3293:
3286:Edmonds 1935
3281:
3274:Edmonds 1935
3269:
3262:Edmonds 1935
3247:Edmonds 1935
3242:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3192:Edmonds 1935
3187:
3180:Edmonds 1935
3175:
3168:Edmonds 1935
3163:
3156:Edmonds 1935
3151:
3144:Edmonds 1935
3139:
3132:Edmonds 1935
3127:
3115:
3108:Edmonds 1935
3103:
3091:
3084:Edmonds 1935
3079:
3072:Edmonds 1937
3067:
3060:Edmonds 1935
3055:
3048:Edmonds 1935
3043:
3036:Edmonds 1935
3031:
3024:Edmonds 1935
3019:
3012:Edmonds 1935
3007:
3000:Edmonds 1935
2995:
2988:Edmonds 1935
2983:
2976:Edmonds 1935
2971:
2926:
2919:Edmonds 1935
2904:Edmonds 1935
2884:
2877:Edmonds 1935
2872:
2865:Chester 2010
2850:Edmonds 1935
2845:
2840:, p. ?.
2833:
2826:Edmonds 1935
2821:
2814:Kitchen 2001
2809:
2802:Kitchen 2001
2797:
2790:Samuels 1995
2785:
2778:Kitchen 2001
2773:
2761:
2754:Edmonds 1935
2749:
2742:Edmonds 1935
2737:
2725:
2718:Samuels 1995
2713:
2706:Edmonds 1935
2701:
2694:Edmonds 1935
2679:Edmonds 1935
2674:
2667:Edmonds 1935
2662:
2655:Edmonds 1935
2650:
2643:Edmonds 1935
2638:
2631:Edmonds 1935
2626:
2619:Edmonds 1935
2614:
2607:Edmonds 1935
2602:
2595:Edmonds 1935
2590:
2583:Edmonds 1935
2578:
2566:
2543:
2532:V. M. Yeates
2525:
2520:
2511:
2498:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2462:
2429:The Blue Max
2427:
2425:
2418:
2415:Tad Williams
2412:
2405:
2403:
2399:Mr Standfast
2396:
2380:
2375:
2368:casualties.
2345:
2315:239,000 men,
2238:250,000 men,
2235:
2187:
2138:
2108:
2069:
2042:
2038:
2027:
2012:
2008:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1962:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:26/27 March,
1911:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1797:Henry Wilson
1793:
1759:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:La Boisselle
1723:firing near
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1651:Fifth Army.
1649:
1638:
1597:
1592:
1579:
1544:
1527:
1500:
1488:
1480:
1469:
1460:
1417:
1401:
1397:
1354:
1323:
1296:Crozat canal
1289:
1285:
1264:
1258:
1241:
1227:
1206:
1194:
1192:ambulances.
1190:21 motorised
1180:and wagons,
1163:48 artillery
1159:3,670 horses
1139:
1125:
1096:
1086:
1049:
1042:
1007:110 infantry
999:
967:
959:
939:stormtrooper
928:
883:
879:Hubert Gough
862:The British
861:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
827:
803:50 divisions
756:
754:
703:
699:
693:
608:
607:
570:Ancre (1918)
555:Moreuil Wood
497:
448:
447:
422:Belleau Wood
405:
404:
293:26 divisions
287:72 divisions
276:Hubert Gough
254:Douglas Haig
129:
111:Belligerents
87:
35:Part of the
24:
6675: /
6241:Netherlands
6218:Switzerland
6099:Occupations
6090:Spanish flu
5867:(1919–1922)
5861:(1918–1921)
5855:(1918–1923)
5844:(1919–1921)
5838:(1919–1921)
5832:(1919–1920)
5808:(1918–1920)
5802:(1918–1920)
5796:(1918–1920)
5778:(1918–1920)
5760:(1918–1920)
5754:(1917–1921)
5748:(1917–1921)
5695:(1916-1918)
5693:Arab Revolt
5684:(1915–1917)
5678:(1915–1917)
5666:(1914-1917)
5660:(1914–1917)
5654:(1914–1921)
5648:(1913–1920)
5636:(1910–1920)
5630:(1900–1920)
5128:July Crisis
5049:(1880–1914)
4712:Mesopotamia
4590:Home fronts
4549:World War I
2964:Fuller 2013
2536:46 Squadron
2348:1,300 guns,
2333:77 American
2320:Stoßtruppen
2147:pieces and
1839:south-west.
1727:on 25 March
1629:Berlancourt
1481:Lieutenant
1432:Happencourt
1420:XVIII Corps
1362:16 aircraft
1346:21–27 March
1317:Roye, Somme
1268:mustard gas
1167:36 mortars,
1161:and mules,
1156:11,800 men,
1146:1,650 guns,
1142:Julian Byng
1129:Flesquières
1066:326 fighter
1059:6,600 guns,
976:Gegenschlag
953:Stoßtruppen
894:territorial
815:German Army
722:German Army
673:River Somme
633:World War I
597:Morlancourt
579:Dernancourt
550:Morlancourt
545:Dernancourt
516:St. Quentin
180:New Zealand
97:Territorial
41:World War I
6690:Categories
6458:Agreements
6258:War crimes
6134:Luxembourg
6027:Casualties
4905:Montenegro
4740:South West
4620:Technology
4610:Propaganda
4600:Opposition
4253:0297847023
4087:0752417991
3616:Falls 1922
3484:Rowan 1919
3212:(3): 788.
3120:Rowan 1919
2889:Falls 1922
2766:Falls 1940
2571:James 1924
2355:200 tanks.
2329:77,000 had
2258:236,300, a
2254:92,004 and
2232:5,000 men.
2168:Casualties
2158:10,000 per
2072:Avre River
1767:230 German
1763:20 minutes
1604:Villeselve
1600:Golancourt
1575:, 24 March
1424:Ivor Maxse
1350:6,109, the
1334:Oise river
1326:Bullecourt
1235:Fifth Army
1231:Third Army
1186:14 trucks,
1170:64 Vickers
872:Fifth Army
736:Background
16:See also:
6355:Diplomacy
6062:Olympians
5985:Australia
5952:Logistics
5885:Vlora War
5814:(1918–19)
5790:(1918–19)
5784:(1918–19)
5772:(1918–19)
5719:(1916–17)
5701:(1916–17)
5652:Zaian War
5642:(1914–15)
5369:first day
5257:Lusitania
5085:(1912–13)
5079:(1911–12)
5067:(1908–09)
5061:(1905–06)
5043:(1870–71)
4832:Principal
4692:Gallipoli
4595:Memorials
4580:Geography
4570:Aftermath
4458:(1974) .
4408:5 October
4371:2 October
4351:1 October
4319:3 October
4304:1826/3897
4195:2 October
4190:752706407
4117:(1983) .
4000:(1992) .
3998:Falls, C.
3976:Falls, C.
3908:(1982) .
3234:159845369
3226:1543-7795
3096:Grey 1991
2838:Grey 1991
2559:Footnotes
2341:17,000 of
2260:total of
2256:British:
2209:78,860 in
2205:90,882 of
2154:1,915 new
2149:200 tanks
2114:Aftermath
1862:"Whippet"
1684:Champagne
1668:, wrote:
1621:Caillouel
1366:14 German
1188:cars and
1178:770 carts
1174:144 Lewis
1092:18th Army
1070:17th Army
903:1,000 men
848:Gneisenau
844:Georgette
614:‹See Tfd›
536:3rd Arras
442:2nd Marne
417:3rd Aisne
331:: 177,739
296:3 cavalry
153:Australia
89:Aftermath
74:Northern
6643:Category
6230:Refugees
6196:Italians
6185:Germans
6145:Ober Ost
5925:Aviation
5026:Timeline
4997:Bulgaria
4778:Tsingtao
4755:Togoland
4702:Caucasus
4637:European
4629:Theatres
4498:CWGC map
4329:Websites
4274:31307878
4264:(1937).
3978:(1922).
2437:See also
2379:'s play
2339:losses,
2250:348,300.
2119:Analysis
2047:—
2016:—
1997:—
1972:—
1936:—
1872:—
1719:British
1643:—
1633:Crepigny
1625:Guiscard
1505:—
1330:Tergnier
1315:tank in
1276:tear gas
1272:chlorine
1165:pieces,
1110:35 years
1102:7th Army
1078:2nd Army
907:500 men,
898:New Army
783:Messines
531:Rosières
341:: 77,000
282:Strength
70:Location
6663:02°48′E
6660:49°48′N
6381:Germany
6281:Germany
6209:Germany
6129:Belgium
6114:Albania
6073:Disease
6053:Sports
6005:Ireland
5918:Warfare
5911:Aspects
5106:Origins
5099:Prelude
5002:Senussi
4982:Germany
4977:Leaders
4915:Romania
4856:Belgium
4851:Leaders
4750:Kamerun
4732:African
4667:Romania
4645:Balkans
4560:Outline
3898:4945014
2469:Council
2182:Bavaria
2162:100 per
1974:Roberts
1899:⁄
1617:27 men,
1589:wrote:
1538:⁄
1495:450 men
1428:Artemps
1342:250 men
1332:on the
1311:German
1300:Ronssoy
1292:Essigny
1259:Michael
1052:La Fère
1024:Prelude
1015:⁄
992:⁄
890:regular
876:General
856:Blücher
840:Michael
791:Cambrai
714:Germany
631:during
588:Villers
560:Villers
526:Bapaume
406:Michael
318:254,816
312:239,800
99:changes
92:section
6401:Russia
6376:France
6204:Canada
6119:Serbia
5990:Canada
5947:Horses
5899:(1921)
5893:(1920)
5887:(1920)
5881:(1920)
5873:(1920)
5826:(1919)
5820:(1919)
5766:(1918)
5731:(1918)
5725:(1917)
5713:(1916)
5707:(1916)
5672:(1915)
5091:(1913)
5073:(1911)
5055:(1905)
5012:Darfur
4937:Serbia
4920:Russia
4883:Greece
4871:France
4861:Brazil
4707:Persia
4650:Serbia
4490:, in:
4468:
4444:
4425:
4399:
4310:
4282:Theses
4272:
4250:
4231:
4212:
4188:
4167:
4144:
4125:
4103:
4084:
4065:
4046:
4027:
4008:
3986:
3964:
3942:
3920:
3896:
3232:
3224:
2387:dugout
1920:enemy.
1848:again.
1456:Pithon
1452:Ollézy
1444:16:40.
1212:Battle
981:Verdun
886:French
819:Allies
811:241 in
689:Amiens
677:French
653:Allied
649:France
626:German
618:German
220:
210:France
207:
192:
177:
166:Canada
163:
150:
136:
122:
83:Result
76:France
6598:Other
6391:Japan
6386:Italy
6213:camps
6057:Rugby
4893:Japan
4888:Italy
4866:China
4760:North
3882:Books
3230:S2CID
2454:Notes
1858:Serre
1788:Nesle
1749:Noyon
1608:Cugny
1476:Jussy
1348:were
1274:gas,
1255:Nurlu
1084:) of
1003:36 of
923:MP 18
779:Arras
760:, OHL
437:Hamel
6178:POWs
5504:1918
5406:1917
5332:1916
5233:1915
5137:1914
4942:Siam
4745:East
4466:ISBN
4442:ISBN
4423:ISBN
4410:2014
4397:ISBN
4373:2013
4353:2013
4321:2013
4308:ISBN
4270:OCLC
4248:ISBN
4229:ISBN
4210:ISBN
4197:2013
4186:OCLC
4165:ISBN
4142:ISBN
4123:ISBN
4101:ISBN
4082:ISBN
4063:ISBN
4044:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4006:ISBN
3984:ISBN
3962:ISBN
3940:ISBN
3918:ISBN
3894:OCLC
3222:ISSN
2364:and
2353:and
2295:and
1753:Roye
1450:and
1440:Dury
1076:),
1064:and
1005:the
850:and
813:the
789:and
679:and
565:Avre
351:: 77
86:See
62:Date
4300:hdl
3214:doi
2534:of
2413:In
2404:In
1991:sic
1522:Ham
1474:at
1448:Ham
1336:to
1313:A7V
1253:at
832:or
412:Lys
39:in
6692::
4364:.
4339:.
4306:.
3811:^
3794:^
3779:^
3392:^
3377:^
3254:^
3228:.
3220:.
3210:68
3208:.
2938:^
2911:^
2896:^
2857:^
2686:^
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2323:;
2308:c.
2301:c.
2283:c.
2276:c.
2269:c.
2262:c.
2213:c.
2194:c.
2032:,
1374:c.
1270:,
1047:.
866:,
846:,
842:,
785:,
781:,
732:.
647:,
620::
595:nd
586:nd
577:nd
543:st
514:nd
6029:/
4541:e
4534:t
4527:v
4494:.
4474:.
4450:.
4431:.
4412:.
4375:.
4355:.
4323:.
4302::
4276:.
4256:.
4237:.
4218:.
4199:.
4173:.
4150:.
4131:.
4109:.
4090:.
4071:.
4052:.
4033:.
4014:.
3992:.
3970:.
3948:.
3926:.
3900:.
3236:.
3216::
2966:.
2471:.
2180:(
1901:2
1897:1
1894:+
1892:3
1751:–
1547:(
1540:2
1536:1
1533:+
1531:4
1529:(
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1072:(
1017:3
1013:2
994:3
990:1
874:(
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593:2
584:2
575:2
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512:2
489:e
482:t
475:v
382:e
375:t
368:v
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