248:, which is small in the centre, and so goes on widening to the ends, which are very broad; this is not recorded as the Irish Cross, but has custom for time immemorial for its support, which is generally allowed as sufficient authority for any similar institution ... As bearing the arms of another person is reckoned very disgraceful by the laws of honour, how much more so is it, in an order which ought to carry honour to the highest pitch, to take a cross for its emblem, which has been acknowledged for many ages as the property of an order in another country? If the cross generally worn as the emblem of the Saint who is ascribed to Ireland is not agreeable to your Excellency, sure many others are left to choose from, without throwing Ireland into so ignominious a point of view, as to adopt the one that Scotland has so long a claim to.
1204:
866:
1779:
1795:
738:
811:
730:
1192:
987:
490:
2550:
Ireland second, and St. Andrew third. The standard of the
Protector consisted of this flag with his escutcheon of a white lion rampant on a black field placed in the centre. The harp, however, seemed quite out of place in this flag, and another was tried in which St. George was in the first and fourth, St. Andrew in the second, and the red saltire on white daringly placed in the third as representing Ireland. This was a most unsatisfactory arrangement for visibility at sea, and the old Union was reverted to, but as Ireland was not shown on it, a golden harp was placed in the centre, and at the Restoration the harp was removed and the flag became as it was at the death of Charles I.
1164:
1152:
614:
1818:
851:
1017:
403:
1125:
1767:
1089:
1416:
1650:
629:
1002:
1397:
1679:
1077:
2189:, p. 6: "It might be noted in passing that a 'Burgundian Cross' is illustrated as being used by either Spanish or Irish troops at Kinsale – such a cross is also part of the Insignia of the Habsburg Order of the Golden Fleece but my personal belief is that as the statutes were based on those of the Garter, the insignia was also based on that of the Garter badge – the Cross of Saint George is merely turned through 45° to become the Saltire – the Garter with motto is replaced with a simple circle with motto and date."
158:
1707:
1113:
2829:. Stricter rules have been introduced to control the situation in the form of the band contract and an official list of flags approved by the Grand Lodge for carrying on parade. Those officially permitted flags are: the Union flag, the flags of the four countries comprising the UK, the Cross of St Patrick, flags of overseas Orange jurisdictions, lodge flags, banners and bannerettes, the Orange Standard, band flags and bannerettes, and flags issued for approved anniversaries such as the Boyne tercentenary."
1140:
40:
373:
1857:
517:
1101:
1738:
468:
1723:
230:
1843:
1753:
1636:
1871:
1665:
1691:
253:
226:. A February 1783 newspaper complained that "the breasts of Irishmen were to be decorated by the bloody Cross of St Andrew, and not that of the tutelar Saint of their natural isle". Another article claimed that "the Cross of St Andrew the Scotch saint is to honour the Irish order of St Patrick, by being inserted within the star of the order ... a manifest insult to common sense and to national propriety".
4831:
1503:(Dutch for "Irish") as meaning "Jersey" in a Dutch flag-book he used as a source. However, John Tessin-Yandell claims a 1757 French Admiralty chart shows the red saltire for Jersey. It was widely felt in Jersey that the flag's similarity to St Patrick's Saltire was causing confusion, and so an amended flag was adopted by the
2549:
In the first flag following that [1654] ordinance, England and
Scotland were represented by the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, and Ireland by a golden harp on a blue ground which is the correct standard of that country. These were displayed quarterly, St. George being first and fourth,
3320:
The crest is an eagle, preying on a serpent which is an emblem of disease. The supporters are Irish elks, with chaplets of shamrocks around their necks. Over the helmet is conventional drapery, called the
Mantling, and derived from a head-covering worn by knights in armour for protection against the
668:
with the saltire of St Andrew, such that the white always follows the red clockwise. The arrangement accounts for the discontinuous look of the red diagonal lines, and has introduced a requirement to display the flag "the right way up", with the white line of St Andrew above the red of St
Patrick in
441:
of the 1650s briefly used a flag containing the St George's cross to represent
England, St Andrew's cross to represent Scotland, and a red saltire on white to represent Ireland, though Ireland was more commonly represented with a harp in Protectorate flags. Several drawings of Union flags, including
209:
or
Trefoil, within which shall be a Circle of Gold, containing the Motto of our said Order in Letters of Gold Viz. QUIS SEPARABIT? together with the date 1783, being the year in which our said Order was founded, and encircling the Cross of St Patrick Gules, surmounted with a Trefoil Vert each of its
4090:
The flag changes in
Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida coincided with the passage of formal Jim Crow segregation laws throughout the South. Four years before Mississippi incorporated a Confederate battle flag into its state flag, its constitutional convention passed pioneering provisions to 'reform'
2727:
Important: the Union Flag has a correct way up – in the half of the flag nearest the flagpole, the wider diagonal white stripe must be above the red diagonal stripe, as
Scotland's St Andrew's Cross takes precedence over Ireland's St Patrick's Cross. It is most improper to fly the flag upside
368:
A 1576 map of
Ireland (or "Hirlandia") by John Goghe shows the FitzGerald arms over their spheres of influence. It also shows a red saltire flag flying at the masthead of a ship, possibly an Irish pirate, which is engaged in action in the Saint George's Channel with another ship flying the Saint
3481:
The cross of St. George representing
England and Wales, and the saltires of St. Andrew and St. Patrick, representing Scotland and Ireland, which together form the Union Jack, have been used in association with each other as separate flags or incorporated in banners at a ... number of
527:(1769 edition) illustrates one of three maritime flags of Ireland (bottom left), described as white, charged with a red saltire. One other flag is also white with a red saltire, while the remaining maritime flag is Green with a golden harp with a silver quarter bearing a red cross.
1311:, in an attempt to create a parade that has cross-community support. This has had only limited success, however, and controversy continues over the use of flags in the parade. In Great Britain, Saint Patrick's Flag was flown in place of the Irish tricolour at the 2009 parade in
1261:" of the United Kingdom, including Saint Piran for Cornwall, Saint Andrew for Scotland, Saint George for England, Saint David for Wales and Saint Patrick's Saltire for Northern Ireland. In this context, the symbol was referred to as St Patrick's Cross.
673:
from the blue field. This fimbriation is repeated for symmetry on the white portion of the saltire, which thereby appears wider than the red portion. The fimbriation of the cross of St George separates its red from the red of the saltire.
2251:
The inclusion of St. Patrick's cross is of interest as St. Patrick was not martyred and therefore did not have a cross. The red saltire on white was the emblem of the powerful Irish Fitzgerald family and was a convenient symbol for
3688:
3711:
865:
2990:
1794:
179:...That this was an Englishe and not an Irishe action, and the colours contended for the fflagg of S George and not of S Patericke , which hee intimated to himselfe being a Baron of England much
3476:
433:
The flag used by the King's Own Regiment in the Kingdom of Ireland, established in 1653, was a red saltire on a "taffey" yellow field. Its origin remains a mystery, however. At the funeral of
680:, their symbolism reflecting underlying sectarian and political differences. Saint Patrick's Saltire is sometimes used as a cross-community symbol with less political baggage than either the
369:
George's cross. The red saltire is placed on the Mulls of Galloway and Kintyre in Scotland. This is either a defect of the print or as it was confused with Scotland's Saint Andrew's saltire.
4781:
Flags at Sea: A Guide to the Flags Flown at Sea by British and Some Foreign Ships, from the 16th Century to the Present Day, Illustrated from the Collections of the National Maritime Museum
3260:
3504:
2714:
3531:
589:
888:
Regardless of the uncertainty over its origins, the red saltire, or saltire gules on a white field was used in the arms adopted by various Irish organisations, and some outside Ireland.
823:
Aside from appearing in the Union Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are few other uses for the St Patrick's Saltire in official governmental use.
284:
and a founder member of the Order of Saint Patrick. On the other hand, Michael Casey suggests that Lord Temple, pressed for time, had based the Order's insignia on those of the
214:
The use of a saltire in association with St Patrick was controversial because it differed from the usual crosses by custom worn on St Patrick's Day. In particular, the previous
3684:
3304:
4171:
Florida has traditionally been quite proud of its Britishness, going so far as to make the St. Patrick's Saltire -- a powerful symbol of Irish unionism -- its state flag.
895:
show two flags, a red cross on white and a red saltire on white, which Hayes-McCoy and Galloway interpret as representing England and Ireland respectively. The arms were
3661:
315:
A variety of sources show saltires in use earlier than 1783 in Ireland and in an Irish context, although there is no suggestion that they are linked to St Patrick. The
1778:
3854:
It is seen amongst others in the arms of Queens University, the Royal Irish Academy, The Royal College of Surgeons, and of course in the badge of the Reform Movement.
3015:
In the Lighthouse Service the cap badge originally was a St George's Cross surrounded by a wreath of laurel leaves but from 1970 the St Patrick's Cross has been used.
565:, of which number thirteen are of our own nation, who wear the St Patrick's flag (the field of which is white, with a St Patrick's cross, and an harp in one quarter.)
2586:
841:. This amalgamated regiment uses St Patrick's saltire in the background of the regimental insignia. This is overlaid by symbols of the Caduceus and Irish shamrock.
4031:
3703:
1415:
3932:
3466:
3002:
4129:
986:
1626:, a legendary birthplace of Saint Patrick, is in the district, the association of Saint Patrick's Saltire may be considered appropriate, if coincidental.
3494:
3521:
2476:
3444:
2825:, p. 128: "Concern over blood and thunder bands, some of the flags they have begun to carry, and their 'rowdy' supporters are not uncommon in the
2173:
550:
below, which are Dutch and French for "Irish". Jan Blaeu's 1650s atlas has a saltire on white for Ireland, which is hand-coloured red in some copies.
4000:
1495:
in origin and also owned land in Jersey. Alternatively, N. V. L. Rybot in 1951 suggested that Jersey's flag originated from a mistake in a
1151:
531:
Several atlases and flag books in the late 17th and 18th centuries show a red-saltire–on–white flag for Ireland, including Paulus van der Dussen's (
460:, include a red saltire as in the post-1800 Union; but there is no evidence for such a design. The Graydon MS. Flag Book of 1686, which belonged to
3962:
The seal of the State ... in the center of a white ground. Red bars ... extending from each corner toward the center, to the outer rim of the seal.
3268:
328:
1354:
fascist movement. This militant group incorporated right-wing, conservative and some former-unionist elements in opposition to the then left-wing
1219:, and the saltires of St Andrew and St Patrick, representing Scotland and Ireland" were flown separately and used in combination. At the time the
2706:
1496:
2877:
2681:
The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales: Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time
1445:
since the 16th century have been a gold harp with silver strings on a blue field. It represented Ireland in the flags of earlier unions: the
1383:, for some time after its inception in 1998, but this no longer so prominent. The Reform Group is a "post-nationalist" pressure group in the
872:
850:
838:
580:
Other crosses besides the red saltire have been associated with Saint Patrick. Crosses in various shapes and colours were worn as badges on
295:
Henry Gough in 1893 doubted the antiquity of Patrick's Cross on the basis that, if a cross had been an established symbol of Ireland during
1396:
3819:
1016:
173:. Lord Delaware deposed in writing to the Lieutenant General about his simple foretop (white, red or blue) precedence flags to be flown:
4835:
4073:
3549:
2042:
4188:
2911:
1376:, who wish to see Northern Ireland leave the United Kingdom and become an independent state, not joining with the Republic of Ireland.
1163:
1766:
1124:
1446:
1207:
St Patrick's Saltire flying for Northern Ireland from The Royal Barge Gloriana at the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant on 3 June 2012
926:
shows a ship flying two flags with a red saltire on white. The saltire also appears in the coat of arms of the County Mayo town of
750:
277:
4193:
3293:
240:
An open letter to Lord Temple, to whom the design of the Order of St Patrick's badges were entrusted, echoes this and elaborates:
3598:
1966:. Cambridge Naval and Military Series. Illustrated by Herbert S. Vaughan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–52.
804:
1963:
British Flags, Their Early History, and Their Development at Sea: With an Account of the Origin of the Flag as a National Device
1203:
1049:
332:
17:
183:
to my Lord Cromwell (whoe alsoe is a Baron of that Realme) to bee more proper and worthie to carry then anie Irish Viscount...
4788:
4745:
4702:
4622:
4572:
4530:
4303:
3651:
2022:
1064:
1034:
3733:
3616:
3333:
2238:
1581:
also has a similar flag. Its origins are unknown; however, the flag is almost identical to the personal flag of Grandmaster
197:
chivalric order, was created in 1783. The order was a means of rewarding those in high office who supported the Anglo-Irish
4861:
3300:
3136:
1817:
1454:
1053:
993:
974:
4155:
1649:
1589:
3170:
2797:
1239:. The government clarified that the Union Flag was the flag of Northern Ireland, not the Saint Patrick's Saltire or the
1001:
1276:
856:
827:
669:
the upper lefthand quarter next to the flagpole. As with the red cross, so too the red saltire is separated by a white
575:
510:
215:
31:
3928:
3400:
2147:
1515:
on 10 December 1980 and first officially hoisted on 7 April 1981. The amended flag includes in the upper quadrant the
4230:
4067:
3196:
2410:
2361:
1801:
1600:
1076:
746:
427:
268:. The Dukes of Leinster dominated the political and social scene of 18th-century Dublin, from their ducal palace of
4657:
2750:
966:
749:, and is flown on Degree days and other important occasions. Its use is not affected by the creation of a separate
300:
218:
were not X-shaped. Some contemporary responses to the badge of the order complained that an X-shaped cross was the
1785:
1678:
1258:
1196:
4104:
3375:... the St. Patrick's Cross symbolises the connection with the Saint, when he was a slave in County Antrim.
1048:, established in 1876, has a Saint Patrick's Saltire in its arms, representing "the ancient Celtic Church". The
3401:"The Coat of Arms of His Excellency, the Most Reverend Timothy Michael Dolan, PhD, D.D. Archbishop of New York"
1603:, the Shanghai Municipal Council used a flag with a red saltire on a white field, with its seal in the middle.
1254:
1212:
1112:
708:
457:
399:
shows uncoloured cross and saltire flags. These have been taken to represent England and Ireland respectively.
489:
122:
and others reject its use to represent Ireland as a "British invention" "for a people who had never used it".
3264:
2468:
1542:
1139:
1023:
970:
800:
3436:
4881:
3974:
3227:
2968:
2942:
2847:
1889:
1422:
1131:
1088:
810:
737:
729:
677:
407:
4252:
4008:
3946:
1706:
1191:
965:
in 1786 did not have the saltire, but those granted in 1846 do. There are red saltires in the arms of the
347:
2353:
950:; these featured a Saint Patrick's Saltire and a Celtic Cross. A red saltire also appears on the arms of
2579:
Recueil de planches, sur les sciences, les arts libéraux, et les arts méchaniques, avec leur explication
384:
of 1601–02 show the combined Irish–Spanish forces under a red saltire. This is presumed to be the
4606:
1545:
calls this saltire a Saint Andrew's Cross. Some historians see its adoption in 1900 as alluding to the
1426:
3509:
The St. Patrick's flag is flown alongside those of St. Andrew, St. George and the Red Dragon of Wales.
2169:
170:
125:
After its adoption by the Order of Saint Patrick, it began to be used by other institutions. When the
4856:
4851:
3870:
3834:
2082:
1737:
1380:
915:
4866:
2907:
2869:
1722:
1186:
1169:
1037:'s arms, granted in 1945, include Saint Patrick's Saltire in memory of his supposed enslavement at
939:
907:'s 1864 armory does not specify the flag's format, and nineteenth-century depictions of them vary.
653:
620:
201:. On its badge was a red saltire on a white background, which it called the "Cross of St Patrick":
161:
Insignia of a Knight of St Patrick: Gold crowns on a green shamrock on a red Cross of Saint Patrick
134:
2110:
4610:
3034:
2510:
2271:
1546:
1100:
780:
304:
91:
composed of Saint Patrick's Saltire. The origin of the saltire is disputed. Its association with
2506:
4876:
4871:
4560:
4411:
3838:
3030:
1516:
1288:
1008:
892:
792:
597:
593:
479:
419:
396:
362:
336:
190:
99:
3106:
3087:
2574:
4057:
3556:
3366:
2086:
2053:
2010:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1862:
1347:
1315:, prompting complaints from some councillors. It was flown on some years on Patrick's Day by
1300:
943:
927:
837:'s 204 (North Irish) Field Hospital and 253 (North Irish) Medical Regiments merged to create
779:, had a Saint Patrick's Saltire on the flag it used from its establishment in 1929 until the
562:
260:
Many subsequent commentators believed that the saltire was simply taken from the arms of the
2899:
613:
486:
exiles that formed in 1690. The Irish Brigade served as part of the French Army until 1792.
437:
in 1658, Ireland was represented by a red cross (not saltire) on a yellow field. Cromwell's
4464:
2843:
2755:
1690:
1228:
796:
754:
502:
494:
289:
281:
2091:. New Series. Vol. XXXII. Camden Society. Westminster: Nichols and Sons. p. 85.
1911:
1752:
1635:
807:, designed by John Vinycomb, incorporates the saltire and the arms of the four provinces.
402:
8:
4415:
2350:
The English Emblem Tradition: Emblematic Flag Devices of the English Civil Wars 1642–1660
2200:
1884:
1656:
1607:
1384:
1355:
962:
581:
506:
422:
say that each had a canton with a red saltire on a gold field. A 1645 picture map of the
415:
343:
285:
2265:
1664:
4399:
4391:
4354:
4183:
1508:
1488:
1458:
1373:
1369:
1060:
947:
719:
689:
657:
542:, a marine atlas published in Amsterdam in 1693, where it is depicted with the legends
423:
320:
198:
130:
126:
115:
3602:
2590:
1555:
and a column in which Joseph Cotto suggests it was a symbol of Florida's Britishness.
4802:
4794:
4784:
4759:
4751:
4741:
4716:
4708:
4698:
4681:
4636:
4628:
4618:
4586:
4578:
4568:
4536:
4526:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4472:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4403:
4383:
4346:
4317:
4309:
4299:
4063:
2873:
2685:
2594:
2532:
2524:
2416:
2406:
2375:
2367:
2357:
2275:
2092:
2018:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1619:
1567:
1549:. Sources which ascribe Florida's saltire to Saint Patrick include an article in the
1469:
1450:
1216:
1042:
769:
704:
697:
649:
385:
381:
324:
265:
119:
4677:
4673:
4375:
4210:, 1895, the state flag was to be a crimson cross of St. Andrew on a field of white.
3219:
2405:. Vol. 3: The Royalist Armies 1639–46. Leigh-on-Sea, England: Partizan Press.
1823:
1744:
1563:
1551:
1527:
1520:
1504:
1340:
1332:
1292:
1247:
1220:
1045:
935:
628:
443:
438:
296:
219:
157:
146:
2745:
2679:
1499:, which was copied by later authors. Rybot's theory is that Bowles misinterpreted
505:. It was formed in 1710 by Irishmen who fled their own country in the wake of the
4810:
4767:
4724:
4661:
4644:
4594:
4544:
4502:
4445:
4325:
3744:
3627:
3361:
3337:
2653:
2540:
2424:
2383:
2230:
1991:
1876:
1758:
1641:
1559:
1538:
1534:
1487:
has unknown origins, and a link with St Patrick's saltire has been proposed. The
1442:
693:
665:
434:
103:
3370:
3140:
914:
show red-saltire flags on the two towers, though not on versions prior to 1800.
585:
522:
513:. It is possible that the design of the flag was influenced by the red saltire.
464:, gives the flag of Ireland as the harp and St George's cross on a green field.
245:
234:
4379:
3545:
3063:
2710:
2658:
2234:
2078:
2049:
2038:
1848:
1729:
1670:
1623:
1582:
1484:
1308:
951:
931:
788:
776:
773:
635:
316:
269:
166:
142:
80:
2348:
Daly, Peter M.; Duer, Leslie T.; Raspa, Anthony (1995). Young, Alan R. (ed.).
1358:
1235:
to London was to fly the crosses of Saints George, Andrew and Patrick and the
4845:
4685:
4590:
4468:
4387:
4350:
3162:
2801:
2675:
2536:
1492:
1296:
1272:
1240:
1236:
904:
900:
896:
685:
361:
includes two shields with saltires. At this time, Gearóid Mór FitzGerald was
92:
4806:
4540:
4366:
Cronin, Mike (1995). "The Blueshirt Movement, 1932–5: Ireland's Fascists?".
4321:
4062:. United States of America: First Harvard University Press. pp. 80–81.
2934:
2598:
2544:
2444:
2428:
2420:
2379:
2279:
1995:
1958:"II. Early English, Scottish and Irish Flags § (iii) Ireland"
516:
372:
39:
4814:
4771:
4763:
4728:
4720:
4648:
4640:
4598:
4548:
4498:
4449:
4441:
4329:
4085:
3738:
3621:
2964:
2583:
Encyclopaedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts
2387:
2143:
2096:
1987:
1512:
1465:
834:
712:
467:
461:
351:
256:
Coat of arms of the Duke of Leinster, derived from those of the FitzGeralds
165:
An early possible mention of a Saint Patrick's flag is from the journal of
111:
4506:
4222:
3192:
903:
in 1901, based on a 1612 seal showing uncoloured cross and saltire flags.
3685:"Irish language on St Patrick's Day parade flag prompts unionist boycott"
1524:
1328:
1319:
City Council, which subsequently reverted to flying the Irish tricolour.
1304:
1232:
911:
723:
670:
194:
96:
4358:
3550:"A Visual Guide to the Flags used in the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant"
3193:"Fermanagh (historical county in Northern Ireland), coat of arms (1954)"
2325:
2043:"A Visual Guide to the Flags used in the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant"
478:
A red saltire on green appears on the flag of Berwick's regiment in the
229:
4556:
4482:
4425:
3656:
1971:
1403:
1351:
1279:
analogous to the flags allowed on English, Scottish, and Welsh plates.
1199:(left to right: The Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway)
955:
784:
703:
It is one of two flags authorised to be flown on church grounds by the
681:
661:
645:
483:
273:
261:
138:
107:
4395:
4337:
Casey, Michael (1991). "The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick".
3909:
2963:
Grieve, Martin; Miles Li; Jarig Bakker; Rob Raeside (1 October 2011).
3583:
3056:
2962:
1615:
1407:
919:
554:
4523:
The Most Illustrious Order: The Order of St. Patrick and its Knights
4032:"How the Confederacy lives on in the flags of seven Southern states"
1327:
The Saint Patrick's Saltire was on the flag proposed in 1914 of the
4267:
3866:
1915:
1713:
1343:
should have known the saltire was "faked for Union Jack purposes".
1316:
1224:
918:
includes Saint Patrick's Saltire, as Patrick is said to have given
557:
in 1785, two years after the Order of St Patrick had been founded:
389:
223:
206:
59:
4582:
2512:
Flags of the World, Past and Present: Their Story and Associations
272:(later to become the seat of the Irish parliament and senate, the
252:
244:
The Cross generally used on St Patrick's day, by Irishmen, is the
4490:
4313:
3530:. Vol. 102. House of Commons. 25 July 1986. col. 571W.
3526:
3503:. Vol. 102. House of Commons. 22 July 1986. col. 111W.
3499:
3475:. Vol. 301. House of Commons. 7 May 1935. col. 814–5W.
3471:
1562:
is "a crimson cross of St. Andrew on a field of white". The flag
1365:
1312:
1038:
923:
561:
Upwards of forty vessels are now in our harbour, victualling for
55:
4798:
4755:
4712:
4632:
4433:
4184:"Official Symbols and Emblems of Alabama: State Flag of Alabama"
4091:
politics by effectively disenfranchising most African Americans.
3704:"Croydon Council accused of insulting borough's Irish community"
2839:
2528:
2371:
1979:
1480:
Other flags exist which feature a red saltire on a white field.
1350:
background was adopted as the badge and flag of the short-lived
644:
The most widespread use of St Patrick's Saltire today is in the
525:, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
210:
leaves charged with an Imperial Crown Or upon a field of Argent.
205:
And the said Badge shall be of Gold surrounded with a Wreath of
177:
145:. The saltire has occasionally served unofficially to represent
4830:
3025:
3023:
1453:(England, Ireland and Scotland, 1658). It also featured on the
969:(est. 1850, arms granted 1851, dissolved 1879), its successor,
930:
to commemorate the visit of St Patrick to the nearby mountain,
67:
63:
3359:
Nichevo (11 May 1946). "An Irishman's Diary: Episcopal Arms".
1472:
are other crosses which have been used as symbols of Ireland.
310:
4296:
Orange Parades: The Politics of Ritual, Tradition and Control
3885:
1611:
1578:
1265:
1195:
St Patrick's Saltire flying for Northern Ireland at the 2011
954:, but this is because of the association of Kildare with the
946:
was granted arms in 1929, a year before it was absorbed into
71:
4059:
The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem
3020:
2634:
2632:
2617:
2298:
30:"Saint Patrick's Cross" redirects here. For other uses, see
4477:. Arts of the Church. Vol. 10. London: A. R. Mowbray.
2315:
2313:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1697:
1574:
1180:
711:. This was the recommendation of a 1999 synod committee on
88:
4655:
3915:
3772:
3760:
3039:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
768:, has a red saltire, but its significance is unknown. The
171:
the Anglo-Dutch fleet that sailed to Cádiz, Spain, in 1625
3897:
3241:
3117:
2629:
2286:
1912:"Cross of St Patrick: 'Unity flag' for Northern Ireland?"
1592:, a red saltire on a white background denotes the letter
501:
The cross of Burgundy appears on the flag of the Spanish
3107:"Arms of Canterbury, Armagh, and Trinity College Dublin"
3029:
2310:
1922:
1268:
compete internationally under the Saint Patrick's flag.
1215:'s silver jubilee, "The cross of St George representing
818:
482:
of the French army. This was a brigade made up of Irish
323:(or "Geraldines"), who were Earls of Kildare (and later
137:, the saltire was added to the British flag to form the
4664:; Rybot, N. V. L. (1951). "The So-Called Jersey Flag".
3441:
The Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
2746:"Symbols in Northern Ireland: Flags Used in the Region"
2605:
43:
Saint Patrick's Flag: a red saltire on a field of white
4420:. College Histories. London: F. E. Robinson & Co.
3820:"The History and Origins of the Saint Patrick's Cross"
3422:
3045:(4). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 415–418.
3035:"Badge of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland"
2777:
2775:
2773:
3789:
3787:
3380:
2650:
4738:
Scottish Civic Heraldry: Regional, Islands, District
2816:
2798:"General Synod Sub Committee on Sectarianism Report"
2585:] (in French). Vol. 7 (6 ed.). Paris:
2555:
1838:
4672:(1). London: Society for Nautical Research: 82–84.
3799:
2770:
319:states that arms derive from those of the powerful
3784:
3743:
3626:
2211:. London: George Bell and Sons: 129–131 : 130
2180:
1157:Arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York
4474:Heraldry of the Church: A Handbook for Decorators
4130:"Pictures: Florida state flags through the years"
3947:"Florida State Seal and Flag, Amendment 4 (1900)"
2341:
1585:who ruled the Maltese islands from 1534 to 1535.
1379:The saltire was incorporated in the badge of the
365:, and the shields are considered to be his arms.
110:. It has been suggested that it derives from the
4843:
4565:Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America
2199:Gough, Henry (1883). Marshall, George W. (ed.).
826:It was the basis of the police badge of the new
814:House flag of Irish Continental Line (1973–1978)
3137:"The Coat of Arms of Coleraine Borough Council"
3001:. Commissioners of Irish Lights. Archived from
2800:. Church of Ireland. April 1999. Archived from
2507:"II. The Royal Standard and Our National Flags"
2489:The regimental colors remain a mystery ...
1275:has suggested the saltire should be allowed in
3220:"Rathmines and Rathgar Urban District Council"
2008:
1287:Saint Patrick's Flag is sometimes seen during
3599:"Full List of International Member Countries"
2935:"Irish Ferries (Irish Continental Line Ltd.)"
2347:
1475:
1387:seeking closer ties with the United Kingdom.
873:210 (North Irish) Multi-Role Medical Regiment
839:210 (North Irish) Multi-Role Medical Regiment
584:from the 17th to the early 20th century. The
569:
4615:A History of Irish Flags from Earliest Times
3085:
2670:
2668:
2071:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1537:is a red saltire on a white field, with the
1264:The all-island bodies for men's and ladies'
664:as representing Ireland. The red saltire is
660:, the red saltire was incorporated into the
102:adopted it as an emblem. This was a British
4605:
3939:
3903:
3891:
3778:
3766:
3676:
3643:
3555:. Flag Institute. p. 5. Archived from
3247:
3139:. Coleraine Borough Council. Archived from
3123:
3073:
2638:
2623:
2454:
2335:
2304:
2292:
2017:. Manchester University Press. p. 52.
1933:
1491:family, who were powerful in Ireland, were
1436:
709:Compass Rose Flag of the Anglican Communion
678:Flags in Northern Ireland are controversial
414:Contemporary reports of the ensigns of the
339:in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.
311:Earlier use of saltires in an Irish context
4559:(2007). "Union Jacks and Union Jills". In
4189:Alabama Department of Archives and History
3695:
3033:; Vinycomb, J.; Burtchaell, G. D. (1902).
2792:
2790:
2494:
1772:Burgee of Porthpean Sailing Club, Cornwall
1346:In 1932–33 a variation of the flag with a
4049:
4001:"Flag debate spreading across Deep South"
3652:"St Patrick's parade remains inoffensive"
3057:"Symbol on the Facebook Page for 210 MMR"
2932:
2665:
2460:
2257:
2077:
1939:
1618:, including a red saltire as the arms of
1322:
603:
4735:
4692:
4520:
4277:
4273:
4029:
3998:
3817:
3334:"How was the Diocese of Connor created?"
3069:
2519:J. Stokoe. London: Frederick Warne &
2450:
2394:
2331:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2115:Official website of the British Monarchy
1596:and the message "I require assistance".
1202:
1190:
1181:To represent Ireland or Northern Ireland
1063:, Dublin City has a saltire on its arms
973:(est. 1908, arms granted 1910), and the
809:
751:National University of Ireland, Maynooth
741:House flag of Irish Shipping (1947–1984)
736:
733:House flag of Irish Shipping (1941–1947)
728:
515:
488:
466:
401:
371:
278:William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster
251:
228:
156:
38:
4567:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–87.
4463:
3691:from the original on 24 September 2015.
3682:
3649:
3544:
3386:
3358:
2956:
2939:House flags of Irish shipping companies
2787:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2267:On the Irish Coins of Edward the Fourth
2037:
1307:parade, near Patrick's burial place at
1211:At the 1935 celebrations in London for
805:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
718:It is one of the flags approved by the
430:'s Irish Confederates under a saltire.
380:English and German picture maps of the
149:and also appears in some royal events.
14:
4844:
4778:
4365:
4102:
4096:
4030:Ingraham, Christopher (21 June 2015).
3967:
3921:
3818:Johnston, Shane (Spring–Summer 2004).
3811:
3793:
3701:
3683:McKeown, Lesley-Anne (16 March 2012).
3507:from the original on 16 October 2013.
2988:
2982:
2611:
2561:
2500:
2141:
1952:
1282:
1067:has the saltire in its flag and arms.
1050:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York
596:whose symbols influenced those of the
58:(X-shaped cross) on a white field. In
4555:
4410:
4336:
4293:
4153:
4147:
4055:
3805:
3534:from the original on 16 October 2013.
3443:. Canadian Heraldic Authority. 2005.
3217:
2822:
2781:
2674:
2466:
2319:
2263:
2198:
2186:
2150:from the original on 13 November 2013
2128:
2015:Celtic Identity and the British Image
819:Official uses of St Patrick's Saltire
745:The St Patrick's flag is the flag of
588:has also been used, including by the
553:According to a newspaper report from
392:of Spain, rather than an Irish flag.
216:crosses associated with Saint Patrick
3999:Williams, Dave (17 September 2000).
3423:"St Patrick's Boys' National School"
3398:
3104:
2733:
2400:
2170:"Leinster House: A Tour and History"
2103:
1800:Flag of Shanghai Municipal Council,
1449:(England and Ireland, 1649) and the
1231:. In 1986, government policy during
994:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
975:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
497:in Spanish service, mid-18th century
303:would have used that instead of the
4298:. Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press.
3935:from the original on 5 August 2014.
3714:from the original on 18 August 2015
3664:from the original on 18 August 2015
3617:"St Patrick's cross 'is NI symbol'"
3479:from the original on 18 June 2013.
3447:from the original on 18 August 2015
3336:. Diocese of Connor. Archived from
3173:from the original on 20 August 2015
2991:"The Evolution of Maritime Uniform"
2914:from the original on 18 August 2015
2880:from the original on 17 August 2015
2850:from the original on 21 August 2015
2717:from the original on 31 August 2014
2352:. Index Emblematicus. Vol. 3.
2241:from the original on 17 August 2015
1610:derive from the former arms of the
1590:International maritime signal flags
1523:in yellow) surmounted by a yellow "
1035:Church of Ireland diocese of Connor
24:
4783:. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
4695:Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry
4156:"America's 14th and 15th Colonies"
4122:
3625:. 16 December 2008. Archived from
3199:from the original on 31 March 2015
2654:Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser
2270:. Dublin: R. Graisberry. pp.
2176:from the original on 16 June 2014.
2142:Morley, Vincent (29 August 2014).
1497:1783 flag book by Carington Bowles
857:Police Service of Northern Ireland
828:Police Service of Northern Ireland
590:Friendly Brothers of Saint Patrick
493:Uniform and colonel's flag of the
25:
4893:
4823:
4233:from the original on 13 June 2015
4196:from the original on 26 June 2015
4076:from the original on 9 March 2016
3650:Emerson, Newton (20 March 2003).
3218:Jones, Laurence (2 August 2005).
3086:Chessborough (15 November 1862).
2933:Rosanoski, Neale (17 June 2003).
1802:Shanghai International Settlement
1788:, December 1915 – March 1916
1601:Shanghai International Settlement
1065:St. Patrick's High School, Ottawa
934:. It also appears on the arms of
791:, founded 1941, and that used by
4829:
3261:"The University's Coats of Arms"
2900:"House flag, Irish Shipping Ltd"
2479:from the original on 9 June 2015
2403:Scots Armies of the 17th Century
1869:
1855:
1841:
1816:
1793:
1777:
1765:
1751:
1736:
1721:
1705:
1689:
1677:
1663:
1648:
1634:
1414:
1395:
1368:, St Patrick's Saltire, and the
1162:
1150:
1138:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1059:St Patrick's National School in
1015:
1000:
985:
864:
849:
627:
612:
4368:Journal of Contemporary History
4345:(2). Old Dublin Society: 4–12.
4245:
4215:
4176:
4023:
3992:
3859:
3742:. 12 April 2006. Archived from
3726:
3609:
3591:
3587:. 5 September 2008. p. 84.
3574:
3538:
3527:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3514:
3500:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3487:
3472:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3459:
3429:
3415:
3392:
3352:
3326:
3310:from the original on 1 May 2015
3286:
3253:
3211:
3185:
3155:
3129:
3098:
3088:"Arms of Canterbury and Armagh"
3079:
3049:
2926:
2892:
2862:
2832:
2699:
2644:
2567:
2435:
2223:
2192:
1197:Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo
576:List of Saint Patrick's Crosses
180:
95:dates from the 1780s, when the
32:List of Saint Patrick's crosses
4736:——— (1979).
4678:10.1080/00253359.1951.10658064
4255:. Heraldry Society of Scotland
4103:Allman, T. D. (23 June 2015).
3827:The Reform Movement Newsletter
3467:"His Majesty's Silver Jubilee"
3224:Dublin County Council, Ireland
3195:. World Civic Heraldry Guide.
2965:"Commissioner of Irish Lights"
2870:"History of Irish Girl Guides"
2661:. 26 February 1785. p. 2.
2593:. 1769. suite de la pl. XVII.
2469:"Irish Military Establishment"
2441:True Informer news sheet, 1644
2162:
2031:
2002:
1904:
1255:Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant
1082:Arms of Trinity College Dublin
883:
795:in 1973–1978. It replaced the
783:. The saltire appeared on the
747:St Patrick's College, Maynooth
458:Willem van de Velde, the elder
13:
1:
4286:
4253:"West Dunbartonshire Council"
4154:Cotto, Joseph (6 July 2016).
4105:"Florida's racist state flag"
3702:Austen, Ian (20 March 2009).
3601:. World Bowls. Archived from
3105:Jess, J. (29 November 1862).
1805:
1118:Arms of the Diocese of Connor
967:Queen's University in Ireland
801:Commissioners of Irish Lights
758:
532:
450:
355:
114:of the powerful Geraldine or
2172:. Houses of the Oireachtas.
1890:List of United Kingdom flags
1684:Flag of Jersey (before 1981)
1566:is derived from the Spanish
1423:Ulster Independence Movement
1277:Northern Irish number plates
1145:Arms of the Diocese of Truro
1132:Diocese of Meath and Kildare
1056:, incorporates the saltire.
770:Irish Free State Girl Guides
652:that merged the kingdoms of
416:Irish Catholic Confederation
408:Irish expedition to Scotland
406:Standard of the Confederate
280:was the premier peer in the
264:(or "Geraldines"), who were
27:Red saltire on a white field
7:
4862:National symbols of Ireland
4607:Hayes-McCoy, Gerard Anthony
4563:; Jenkins, Richard (eds.).
3979:Florida Department of State
3437:"St. Patrick's High School"
3113:. II (3rd Series): 438–439.
2354:University of Toronto Press
2088:The Voyage to Cadiz in 1625
2052:. p. 5. Archived from
1834:
1543:Florida Department of State
1170:Unofficial arms of Manitoba
799:in 1970 on the flag of the
10:
4898:
4740:. London: Heraldry Today.
4697:. London: Heraldry Today.
4380:10.1177/002200949503000206
3265:Queen's University Belfast
3059:. 210 MMR. 5 October 2023.
1521:three leopards of Normandy
1519:(a red shield holding the
1476:Unrelated similar saltires
1299:. Flags are handed out by
1184:
1024:Queen's University Belfast
971:Queen's University Belfast
662:Flag of the United Kingdom
646:Flag of the United Kingdom
573:
570:Other St Patrick's crosses
178:
152:
29:
4617:. Dublin: Academy Press.
3734:"Race row over tricolour"
3403:. Archdiocese of New York
3303:. July 2012. p. 38.
1425:; also sometimes used in
1257:flew flags for the five "
961:The original arms of the
916:Coleraine Borough Council
288:, and simply rotated its
4779:Wilson, Timothy (1986).
4693:Urquhart, R. M. (1973).
4521:Galloway, Peter (1999).
4339:Dublin Historical Record
2908:National Maritime Museum
2904:C M Pope Collection
1898:
1437:Other symbols of Ireland
1271:The Unionist politician
1187:Flag of Northern Ireland
621:Kingdom of Great Britain
337:Lord Deputies of Ireland
135:Kingdom of Great Britain
4836:Saint Patrick's Saltire
4561:Eriksen, Thomas Hylland
4294:Bryan, Dominic (2000).
4056:Coski, John M. (2005).
3581:"Nolan's cross words".
3495:"Northern Ireland Flag"
3094:. II (3rd Series): 392.
2707:"British Flag Protocol"
2587:Antoine-Claude Briasson
2264:Smith, Aquilla (1840).
2009:Murray Pittock (1999).
1547:Confederate Battle Flag
1402:Historical flag of the
871:Regimental Insignia of
354:and half-groat) minted
106:established in 1783 by
48:Saint Patrick's Saltire
4417:Trinity College Dublin
1323:In political movements
1208:
1200:
1009:Trinity College Dublin
940:Urban District Council
922:its name. The arms of
893:Trinity College Dublin
815:
793:Irish Continental Line
742:
734:
707:, the other being the
604:Modern use of the flag
598:Order of Saint Patrick
594:fraternal organisation
567:
528:
498:
475:
411:
397:Trinity College Dublin
377:
363:Lord Deputy of Ireland
329:Gearóid Mór FitzGerald
257:
250:
237:
212:
191:Order of Saint Patrick
187:
162:
100:Order of Saint Patrick
84:
44:
18:Cross of Saint Patrick
4227:Heraldry of the World
4223:"West Dunbartonshire"
4005:Savannah Morning News
3837:: 3–4. Archived from
3522:"Flag of St. Patrick"
3167:Heraldry of the World
2401:Reid, Stuart (1989).
2201:"St. Patrick's Cross"
2144:"St. Patrick's Cross"
2111:"Order of St Patrick"
2083:Grosart, Alexander B.
1863:United Kingdom portal
1421:Flag proposed by the
1301:Down District Council
1206:
1194:
1052:, whose cathedral is
944:Rathmines and Rathgar
813:
772:, descended from the
757:'s flag, dating from
740:
732:
574:Further information:
559:
519:
492:
470:
405:
375:
255:
242:
232:
203:
199:government of Ireland
175:
160:
85:Bratach Naomh Pádraig
52:Saint Patrick's Cross
42:
4838:at Wikimedia Commons
4666:The Mariner's Mirror
4660:; Bruce, R. Stuart;
4374:(2). Sage: 311–332.
3748:on 24 September 2015
3631:on 24 September 2015
3605:on 28 February 2014.
3072:, pp. 189–190;
2989:Dillon, Jim (1995).
2844:Royal Dublin Society
2756:University of Ulster
2523:Co. pp. 58–60.
2473:History Reconsidered
2453:, pp. 189–190;
1229:British Commonwealth
875:, RAMC, British Army
755:Royal Dublin Society
503:Regiment of Hibernia
495:Regiment of Hibernia
282:Irish House of Lords
77:Saint Patrick's Flag
62:language, it may be
4882:Crosses in heraldry
4611:Ó Snodaigh, Pádraig
4525:. London: Unicorn.
4192:. 6 February 2014.
4036:The Washington Post
3916:Stewart et al. 1951
3340:on 20 February 2012
3111:Notes & Queries
3092:Notes & Queries
2686:Harrison & Sons
2657:. No. 17 539.
2515:. Illustrated by W.
2467:Offen, Lee (2010).
2322:, pp. 286–287.
1885:List of Irish flags
1657:governor of Alabama
1608:West Dunbartonshire
1541:in the centre. The
1385:Republic of Ireland
1366:St Andrew's Saltire
1337:The Irish Volunteer
1289:Saint Patrick's Day
1283:On St Patrick's Day
963:Royal Irish Academy
803:. The badge of the
777:British Girl Guides
722:for display during
540:Le Neptune françois
507:Flight of the Earls
473:Régiment de Berwick
286:Order of the Garter
4656:Stewart, John A.;
4412:Dixon, W. Macneile
3894:, pp. 20, 22.
3708:Croydon Advertiser
3399:Sullivan, Paul J.
3228:Flags of the World
3005:on 13 October 2013
2969:Flags of the World
2943:Flags of the World
2804:on 3 February 2014
2059:on 8 November 2012
1374:Ulster separatists
1370:Red Hand of Ulster
1209:
1201:
948:Dublin Corporation
816:
743:
735:
720:Orange Institution
698:Irish nationalists
529:
499:
476:
424:Siege of Duncannon
412:
378:
342:The design on the
321:FitzGerald dynasty
258:
238:
220:Cross of St Andrew
163:
141:still used by the
131:Kingdom of Ireland
127:Acts of Union 1800
120:Irish nationalists
116:FitzGerald dynasty
45:
4834:Media related to
4790:978-0-11-290389-5
4747:978-0-900455-26-1
4704:978-0-900455-24-7
4624:978-0-906187-01-2
4574:978-0-415-44404-0
4532:978-0-906290-23-1
4305:978-0-7453-1413-6
4206:According to the
3143:on 13 August 2007
3076:, pp. 38–39.
2874:Irish Girl Guides
2626:, pp. 40–41.
2614:, pp. 28–30.
2356:. p. xlvii.
2338:, pp. 38–39.
2307:, pp. 36–37.
2024:978-0-7190-5826-4
1588:In the system of
1568:Cross of Burgundy
1507:on 12 June 1979,
1451:Protectorate Jack
1447:Commonwealth Flag
1372:has been used by
1364:A flag combining
1348:St Patrick's blue
1217:England and Wales
1043:Church of England
797:St George's Cross
781:1937 Constitution
705:Church of Ireland
420:Eleven Years' War
386:Cross of Burgundy
382:Battle of Kinsale
376:Cross of Burgundy
325:Dukes of Leinster
290:St George's Cross
266:Dukes of Leinster
16:(Redirected from
4889:
4857:Historical flags
4852:Flags of Ireland
4833:
4818:
4775:
4732:
4689:
4662:Greenhill, Basil
4652:
4602:
4552:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4407:
4362:
4333:
4281:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4201:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4134:Orlando Sentinel
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4007:. Archived from
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3931:. Visit Jersey.
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3904:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3901:
3895:
3892:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3824:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3782:
3779:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3776:
3770:
3767:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3630:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3298:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3267:. Archived from
3257:
3251:
3248:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3124:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3121:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3077:
3074:Hayes-McCoy 1979
3067:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3010:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2836:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:. 6 January 2009
2742:
2731:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2639:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2636:
2627:
2624:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2522:
2518:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2464:
2458:
2455:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2345:
2339:
2336:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2329:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2305:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2302:
2296:
2293:Hayes-McCoy 1979
2290:
2284:
2283:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2047:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1950:
1937:
1934:Hayes-McCoy 1979
1931:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1824:Flag of Montreal
1820:
1810:
1807:
1797:
1781:
1769:
1755:
1745:Penrith, Cumbria
1740:
1725:
1709:
1693:
1681:
1667:
1652:
1638:
1552:Orlando Sentinel
1505:States of Jersey
1418:
1399:
1339:complained that
1333:Irish Volunteers
1293:Northern Ireland
1253:during the 2012
1221:Irish Free State
1166:
1154:
1142:
1127:
1115:
1106:Arms of Westport
1103:
1091:
1079:
1046:Diocese of Truro
1019:
1004:
989:
868:
853:
767:
763:
760:
648:. With the 1800
631:
616:
582:St Patrick's Day
537:
534:
455:
452:
360:
357:
301:flags of the era
297:the Protectorate
185:
184:
182:
169:, writing about
147:Northern Ireland
21:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4867:Flags of saints
4842:
4841:
4826:
4821:
4791:
4748:
4705:
4625:
4575:
4533:
4511:
4509:
4454:
4452:
4306:
4289:
4284:
4276:, p. 129;
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4208:Acts of Alabama
4199:
4197:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4164:
4162:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4101:
4097:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4011:on 22 July 2015
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3871:Reform Movement
3865:
3864:
3860:
3847:
3845:
3844:on 10 July 2004
3841:
3835:Reform Movement
3822:
3816:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3696:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3562:on 7 March 2014
3559:
3552:
3546:Bartram, Graham
3543:
3539:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3362:The Irish Times
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3274:on 4 April 2014
3271:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3103:
3099:
3084:
3080:
3068:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3028:
3021:
3008:
3006:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2827:Orange Standard
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2744:
2743:
2734:
2720:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2666:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2591:André le Breton
2573:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2520:
2516:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2461:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2413:
2399:
2395:
2364:
2346:
2342:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2262:
2258:
2244:
2242:
2231:"British Flags"
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2205:The Genealogist
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2079:Glanville, John
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2045:
2039:Bartram, Graham
2036:
2032:
2025:
2007:
2003:
1951:
1940:
1932:
1923:
1918:. 20 July 2016.
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1877:Heraldry portal
1875:
1870:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1789:
1786:Empire of China
1782:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1759:Flag of Florida
1756:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1673:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1644:
1642:Flag of Alabama
1639:
1573:The village of
1560:flag of Alabama
1535:Flag of Florida
1517:badge of Jersey
1513:Queen Elizabeth
1478:
1443:arms of Ireland
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1410:
1400:
1381:Reform Movement
1325:
1285:
1223:was a separate
1189:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1095:
1094:Arms of Belfast
1092:
1083:
1080:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
886:
881:
880:
879:
876:
869:
860:
854:
821:
765:
761:
694:Irish tricolour
642:
641:
640:
639:
638:
632:
624:
623:
617:
606:
578:
572:
535:
453:
435:Oliver Cromwell
395:A 1612 seal of
358:
313:
305:gold Irish harp
155:
104:chivalric order
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4895:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4840:
4839:
4825:
4824:External links
4822:
4820:
4819:
4789:
4776:
4746:
4733:
4703:
4690:
4653:
4623:
4603:
4573:
4553:
4531:
4518:
4469:Dearmer, Percy
4465:Dorling, E. E.
4461:
4408:
4363:
4334:
4304:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4266:
4244:
4214:
4175:
4160:Cagle Cartoons
4146:
4121:
4095:
4068:
4048:
4022:
3991:
3966:
3938:
3920:
3908:
3896:
3884:
3873:. 27 July 2007
3858:
3810:
3798:
3783:
3781:, p. 201.
3771:
3769:, p. 200.
3759:
3725:
3694:
3675:
3642:
3608:
3590:
3573:
3537:
3513:
3486:
3458:
3428:
3414:
3391:
3379:
3351:
3325:
3285:
3252:
3240:
3210:
3184:
3154:
3128:
3116:
3097:
3078:
3062:
3048:
3019:
2981:
2955:
2925:
2891:
2861:
2840:"The RDS Flag"
2831:
2815:
2786:
2769:
2732:
2711:Flag Institute
2698:
2676:Burke, Bernard
2664:
2643:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2566:
2554:
2493:
2459:
2443:
2434:
2411:
2393:
2362:
2340:
2324:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2256:
2235:Flag Institute
2222:
2191:
2179:
2161:
2127:
2102:
2070:
2050:Flag Institute
2030:
2023:
2001:
1938:
1921:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1852:
1849:Ireland portal
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1799:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1730:Bexhill-on-Sea
1727:
1720:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1671:Flag of Jersey
1669:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1624:Old Kilpatrick
1583:Piero de Ponte
1485:flag of Jersey
1477:
1474:
1470:Brigid's cross
1455:Royal Standard
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1335:. A writer in
1324:
1321:
1309:Down Cathedral
1284:
1281:
1185:Main article:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1006:
999:
997:
991:
984:
981:
980:
979:
952:County Kildare
932:Croagh Patrick
885:
882:
878:
877:
870:
863:
861:
855:
848:
845:
844:
843:
820:
817:
789:Irish Shipping
688:, seen as pro-
666:counterchanged
636:United Kingdom
633:
626:
625:
618:
611:
610:
609:
608:
607:
605:
602:
571:
568:
317:Flag Institute
312:
309:
270:Leinster House
167:John Glanville
154:
151:
143:United Kingdom
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4894:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:Saint Patrick
4875:
4873:
4872:Saltire flags
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4279:
4278:Urquhart 1979
4275:
4274:Urquhart 1973
4270:
4254:
4248:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4172:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4075:
4071:
4069:0-674-01983-0
4065:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3963:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3929:"Jersey Flag"
3924:
3917:
3912:
3906:, p. 25.
3905:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3855:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3808:, p. 85.
3807:
3802:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3577:
3558:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3424:
3418:
3402:
3395:
3389:, p. 66.
3388:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3365:. p. 5.
3364:
3363:
3355:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3250:, p. 40.
3249:
3244:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3126:, p. 39.
3125:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3070:Galloway 1999
3066:
3058:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:Howley, M. F.
3026:
3024:
3016:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2784:, p. 81.
2783:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2641:, p. 41.
2640:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2564:, p. 24.
2563:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2497:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2457:, p. 40.
2456:
2452:
2451:Galloway 1999
2447:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2412:0-946525-63-3
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:0-8020-5739-X
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2332:Galloway 1999
2328:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2295:, p. 37.
2294:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1936:, p. 38.
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1864:
1853:
1850:
1839:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1341:The O'Rahilly
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:David McNarry
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1241:Ulster Banner
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1003:
998:
995:
988:
983:
982:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:Co. Fermanagh
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
905:Bernard Burke
902:
901:Arthur Vicars
898:
894:
889:
874:
867:
862:
858:
852:
847:
846:
842:
840:
836:
833:In 2023, the
831:
829:
824:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
771:
756:
753:in 1997. The
752:
748:
739:
731:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Ulster Banner
683:
679:
675:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:Great Britain
651:
647:
637:
630:
622:
615:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
577:
566:
564:
558:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
526:
524:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
496:
491:
487:
485:
481:
480:Irish Brigade
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
448:
447:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
404:
400:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
374:
370:
366:
364:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
254:
249:
247:
241:
236:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
211:
208:
202:
200:
196:
192:
186:
174:
172:
168:
159:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
93:Saint Patrick
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4780:
4737:
4694:
4669:
4665:
4658:Noble, Percy
4614:
4564:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4473:
4453:. Retrieved
4416:
4371:
4367:
4342:
4338:
4295:
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4247:
4235:. Retrieved
4226:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4198:. Retrieved
4187:
4178:
4170:
4163:. Retrieved
4159:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:
4124:
4112:. Retrieved
4109:Miami Herald
4108:
4098:
4089:
4086:Google Books
4084:– via
4078:. Retrieved
4058:
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4035:
4025:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:the original
4004:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3978:
3975:"State Flag"
3969:
3961:
3954:. Retrieved
3950:
3941:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3861:
3853:
3846:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3830:
3826:
3813:
3801:
3774:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3745:the original
3739:Daily Mirror
3737:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3707:
3697:
3678:
3666:. Retrieved
3655:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3628:the original
3622:Daily Mirror
3620:
3611:
3603:the original
3593:
3582:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3557:the original
3540:
3525:
3516:
3508:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3470:
3461:
3449:. Retrieved
3440:
3431:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3394:
3387:Dorling 1911
3382:
3374:
3360:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3338:the original
3328:
3319:
3312:. Retrieved
3294:"Prospectus"
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3269:the original
3255:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3223:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3166:
3157:
3145:. Retrieved
3141:the original
3131:
3119:
3110:
3100:
3091:
3081:
3065:
3051:
3042:
3038:
3014:
3007:. Retrieved
3003:the original
2998:
2994:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2938:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2834:
2826:
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2802:the original
2760:. Retrieved
2749:
2726:
2719:. Retrieved
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2680:
2652:
2646:
2619:
2607:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2557:
2548:
2511:
2496:
2488:
2481:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2446:
2437:
2402:
2396:
2349:
2343:
2327:
2300:
2288:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2243:. Retrieved
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2208:
2204:
2194:
2182:
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2118:. Retrieved
2114:
2105:
2087:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2033:
2014:
2004:
1962:
1954:Perrin, W.G.
1906:
1894:
1811: – 1941
1784:Flag of the
1655:Flag of the
1606:The arms of
1605:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1572:
1557:
1550:
1532:
1500:
1493:Anglo-Norman
1482:
1479:
1466:Celtic cross
1463:
1440:
1406:, and early
1378:
1363:
1345:
1336:
1326:
1286:
1270:
1263:
1259:home nations
1249:
1245:
1237:Welsh Dragon
1233:state visits
1210:
1130:Arms of the
1058:
1054:St Patrick's
1032:
1022:Standard of
992:Flag of the
960:
910:The arms of
909:
891:The arms of
890:
887:
835:British Army
832:
825:
822:
744:
724:Orange walks
717:
713:sectarianism
702:
676:
650:Act of Union
643:
634:Flag of the
619:Flag of the
586:cross pattée
579:
563:Newfoundland
560:
552:
547:
543:
539:
530:
523:Encyclopédie
521:
500:
477:
472:
471:Flag of the
462:Samuel Pepys
445:
439:Protectorate
432:
413:
394:
379:
367:
341:
331:and his son
314:
294:
292:45 degrees.
259:
246:Cross pattée
243:
239:
235:cross pattée
222:, patron of
213:
204:
188:
176:
164:
124:
76:
70:, a saltire
66:
51:
47:
46:
36:
4557:Groom, Nick
3951:Ballotpedia
3794:Cronin 1995
3321:sun's heat.
2612:Wilson 1986
2562:Wilson 1986
2505:J. (1915).
1826:, 1935–1939
1809: 1917
1564:of Valdivia
1525:Plantagenet
1359:Fianna Fáil
1329:County Down
1305:Downpatrick
1303:before the
1291:parades in
1227:within the
1172:(1870–1905)
884:In heraldry
766: 1912
762: 1902
671:fimbriation
536: 1690
454: 1661
418:during the
359: 1480
348:Irish coins
262:FitzGeralds
195:Anglo-Irish
129:joined the
97:Anglo-Irish
4846:Categories
4583:2007018505
4483:B000VKBN00
4426:B000J2LZNK
4287:References
3806:Groom 2007
3657:Irish News
3163:"Westport"
2823:Bryan 2000
2782:Groom 2007
2684:. London:
2651:"London".
2501:Gordon, W.
2320:Dixon 1902
2187:Casey 1991
1972:B0017D3OU2
1539:state seal
1509:proclaimed
1489:FitzGerald
1404:Blueshirts
1356:republican
1061:Drumcondra
956:FitzGerald
785:house flag
764: – c.
682:Union Flag
546:above and
511:penal laws
335:were also
333:Gearóid Óg
274:Oireachtas
139:Union Flag
108:George III
4686:0025-3359
4591:123968978
4491:a13001260
4455:22 August
4404:159632041
4388:0022-0094
4351:0012-6861
4314:00-008816
4237:22 August
4200:22 August
3848:22 August
3718:22 August
3668:22 August
3635:22 August
3584:The Times
3566:22 August
3451:22 August
3371:523540534
3344:22 August
3314:22 August
3278:22 August
3233:22 August
3203:22 August
3177:22 August
3009:22 August
2974:22 August
2948:22 August
2918:22 August
2884:22 August
2854:22 August
2808:22 August
2721:22 August
2691:20 August
2678:(1864) .
2545:20588409M
2537:609147196
2483:22 August
2429:11349059W
2245:22 August
2154:22 August
2120:22 August
2063:22 August
1996:13519843M
1616:Clydebank
1408:Fine Gael
1352:Blueshirt
920:Coleraine
912:Cork city
692:, or the
555:Waterford
548:Irlandois
133:with the
54:is a red
4815:2294745M
4807:13238458
4799:86165180
4772:6392871W
4756:80467758
4729:7044905W
4713:74174605
4649:6276614W
4633:80454969
4609:(1979).
4599:9353071W
4549:8292556M
4541:41311753
4467:(1911).
4450:1091957W
4434:02021239
4414:(1902).
4359:30100982
4330:7955284M
4322:51002515
4231:Archived
4194:Archived
4074:Archived
3933:Archived
3712:Archived
3689:Archived
3662:Archived
3548:(2012).
3532:Archived
3505:Archived
3477:Archived
3445:Archived
3367:ProQuest
3305:Archived
3197:Archived
3171:Archived
2912:Archived
2878:Archived
2848:Archived
2715:Archived
2599:61833428
2575:"Marine"
2529:15013565
2477:Archived
2421:33667409
2388:4964331W
2380:60223408
2372:90110062
2280:27349387
2252:Ireland.
2239:Archived
2215:29 March
2174:Archived
2148:Archived
2081:(1883).
2041:(2012).
1980:22011380
1956:(1922).
1916:BBC News
1835:See also
1743:Flag of
1728:Flag of
1714:Valdivia
1712:Flag of
1696:Flag of
1622:. Since
1331:unit of
1317:Bradford
1250:Gloriana
1225:Dominion
1213:George V
1007:Flag of
958:family.
928:Westport
774:Unionist
696:used by
690:Unionist
509:and the
484:Jacobite
390:war flag
346:of some
224:Scotland
207:Shamrock
181:auntient
64:blazoned
60:heraldic
4764:6230785
4721:1047118
4641:5903942
4613:(ed.).
4512:27 July
4507:176565M
4499:3663885
4471:(ed.).
4442:2572402
4165:30 July
4139:29 July
4114:29 July
4080:8 March
4041:19 July
4015:19 July
3984:29 July
3956:30 July
3482:points.
2097:4327266
2085:(ed.).
1988:1614066
1716:, Chile
1700:, Malta
1599:In the
1459:James I
1361:party.
1313:Croydon
1297:Britain
1039:Slemish
924:Belfast
897:granted
684:or the
658:Ireland
442:one of
428:Preston
344:reverse
299:, then
153:Origins
118:. Some
87:) is a
56:saltire
4813:
4805:
4797:
4787:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4744:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4701:
4684:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4621:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4571:
4547:
4539:
4529:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4402:
4396:261053
4394:
4386:
4357:
4349:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4302:
4259:7 July
4066:
3877:6 July
3867:"Aims"
3752:8 July
3407:7 July
3369:
3147:8 July
2762:8 July
2597:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2503:
2427:
2419:
2409:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2360:
2278:
2095:
2021:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1620:Lennox
1457:since
1248:barge
1041:. The
859:Symbol
538:) and
426:shows
388:, the
68:argent
4400:S2CID
4392:JSTOR
4355:JSTOR
3842:(PDF)
3833:(1).
3823:(PDF)
3560:(PDF)
3553:(PDF)
3308:(PDF)
3297:(PDF)
3272:(DOC)
3041:. 5.
2728:down.
2581:[
2274:–33.
2057:(PDF)
2046:(PDF)
1899:Notes
1612:burgh
1579:Malta
1528:crown
1501:Ierse
1266:bowls
544:Ierse
449:made
446:Henry
352:groat
193:, an
81:Irish
72:gules
4803:OCLC
4795:LCCN
4785:ISBN
4760:OCLC
4752:LCCN
4742:ISBN
4717:OCLC
4709:LCCN
4699:ISBN
4682:ISSN
4637:OCLC
4629:LCCN
4619:ISBN
4587:OCLC
4579:LCCN
4569:ISBN
4537:OCLC
4527:ISBN
4514:2016
4495:OCLC
4487:LCCN
4479:ASIN
4457:2015
4438:OCLC
4430:LCCN
4422:ASIN
4384:ISSN
4347:ISSN
4318:OCLC
4310:LCCN
4300:ISBN
4261:2009
4239:2015
4202:2015
4167:2016
4141:2016
4116:2016
4082:2016
4064:ISBN
4043:2015
4017:2015
3986:2016
3958:2016
3879:2009
3850:2015
3754:2009
3720:2015
3670:2015
3637:2015
3568:2015
3453:2015
3409:2009
3346:2015
3316:2015
3301:RCSI
3280:2015
3235:2015
3205:2015
3179:2015
3149:2009
3011:2015
2995:Beam
2976:2015
2950:2015
2920:2015
2886:2015
2856:2015
2810:2015
2764:2009
2751:CAIN
2723:2015
2693:2015
2659:Gale
2595:OCLC
2589:and
2533:OCLC
2525:LCCN
2485:2015
2417:OCLC
2407:ISBN
2376:OCLC
2368:LCCN
2358:ISBN
2276:OCLC
2247:2015
2217:2018
2156:2015
2122:2015
2093:OCLC
2065:2015
2019:ISBN
1984:OCLC
1976:LCCN
1968:ASIN
1698:Luqa
1575:Luqa
1558:The
1533:The
1483:The
1468:and
1464:The
1441:The
1295:and
1246:The
1033:The
938:The
656:and
592:, a
520:The
444:HMS
189:The
112:arms
89:flag
4674:doi
4376:doi
2209:VII
2011:"1"
1614:of
1577:in
1530:".
1511:by
1427:UDA
942:of
899:by
787:of
715:.
456:by
327:).
276:).
50:or
4848::
4811:OL
4809:.
4801:.
4793:.
4768:OL
4766:.
4758:.
4750:.
4725:OL
4723:.
4715:.
4707:.
4680:.
4670:37
4668:.
4645:OL
4643:.
4635:.
4627:.
4595:OL
4593:.
4585:.
4577:.
4545:OL
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