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2040:, of resolving the financial and political disaster. The economy was basically healthy, and the panic ended. Working with the financiers he successfully restored confidence in the system. However, public opinion, as shaped by the many prominent men who had lost so much money so quickly, demanded revenge. Walpole supervised the process, which removed all 33 company directors and stripped them of, on average, 82% of their wealth. The money went to the victims. The government bought the stock of the South Sea Company for £33 and sold it to the Bank of England and the East India Company, the only other two corporations big enough to handle the challenge. Walpole made sure that King George and his mistresses were not embarrassed, and by the margin of three votes he saved several key government officials from impeachment.
2430:
out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries to maximise exports from and minimise imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favourite
American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch. The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in London and other British ports. The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. Thus the Royal Navy captured
70:
2016:
involving £30 million, some 60 per cent of the entire
British national debt. It set up a scheme that invited stock owners to turn in their certificates for stock in the Company at a par value of £100—the idea was that they would profit by the rising price of their stock. Everyone with connections wanted in on the bonanza, and many other outlandish schemes found gullible takers. South Sea stock peaked at £1,060 on 25 June 1720. Then the bubble burst, and by the end of September it had fallen to £150. Hundreds of prominent men had borrowed to buy stock high; their apparent profits had vanished, but they were liable to repay the full amount of the loans. Many went bankrupt, and many more lost fortunes.
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1950:...on the whole he did well by Great Britain, guiding the country calmly and responsibly through the difficult postwar years and repeated invasions or threatened invasions... He liked efficiency and expertise, and had long experience of running an orderly state... He cared for the quality of his ministers and his officers, army and naval, and the strength of the navy in fast ships grew during his reign... He showed political vision and ability in the way in which he used British power in Europe.
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2167:, handle foreign policy until about 1726, then took charge. A major challenge for his administration was the royal role as simultaneous ruler of Hanover, a small German state that was opposed to Prussian supremacy. George I and George II saw a French alliance as the best way to neutralise Prussia. They forced a dramatic reversal of British foreign policy, which for centuries had seen France as England's greatest enemy. However, the bellicose King
2044:
2377:(1703–1791) and his followers preached revivalist religion, trying to convert individuals to a personal relationship with Christ through Bible reading, regular prayer, and especially the revival experience. Wesley himself preached 52,000 times, calling on men and women to "redeem the time" and save their souls. Wesley always operated inside the Church of England, but at his death, it set up outside institutions that became the
2734:, a private, for-profit corporation, with its own army. The "John Company" (as it was nicknamed) took direct control of half of India and built friendly relations with the other half, which was controlled by numerous local princes. Its goal was trade, and vast profits for the Company officials, not the building of the British empire. Company interests expanded during the 18th century to include control of territory as the old
566:
2396:. It did not seek political reform, but rather the opportunity to save souls through political action by freeing slaves, abolishing the duel, prohibiting cruelty to children and animals, stopping gambling, and avoiding frivolity on the Sabbath; evangelicals read the Bible every day. All souls were equal in God's view, but not all bodies, so evangelicals did not challenge the hierarchical structure of English society.
2186:. His financial policy was a major success once peace had been signed in 1748. He demobilised the armed forces, and reduced government spending from £12 million to £7 million. He refinanced the national debt, dropping the interest rate from 4% p.a. to 3% p.a. Taxes had risen to pay for the war, but in 1752 he reduced the land tax from four shillings to two shillings in the pound: that is, from 20% to 10%.
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tax, which was paid by the local gentry, with excise and customs taxes, which were paid by merchants and ultimately by consumers. Walpole joked that the landed gentry resembled hogs, which squealed loudly whenever anyone laid hands on them. By contrast, he said, merchants were like sheep, and yielded their wool without complaint. The joke backfired in 1733 when he was defeated in a major battle to
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1938:
opinion....The visits to
Hanover also provided critics with the opportunity...to argue that British interests were being neglected....George could not speak English, and all relevant documents from his British ministers were translated into French for him....Few British ministers or diplomats...knew German, or could handle it in precise discussion."
1654:, elected from amongst their number for the life of each parliament. Similarly, the members of the former English House of Commons continued as members of the British House of Commons, but as a reflection of the relative tax bases of the two countries the number of Scottish representatives was fixed at 45. Newly created peers in the
1825:. Gibraltar became a major naval base which allowed Great Britain to control the entrance from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. The war marks the weakening of French military, diplomatic and economic dominance, and the arrival on the world scene of Britain as a major imperial, military and financial power. British historian
2859:, believing that the French would help them to overthrow the British. They hoped for significant French support, which never came. The uprising was very poorly organized, and quickly suppressed by much more powerful British forces. Including many bloody reprisals, the total death toll was in the range of 10,000 to 30,000.
2199:. To reduce the threat of smuggling, the tax was to be collected not at ports but at warehouses. This new proposal, however, was extremely unpopular with the public, and aroused the opposition of the merchants because of the supervision it would involve. Walpole was defeated as his strength in Parliament dropped a notch.
2354:, but with military restrictions and an obligation to support the British client states, effectively leaving the future of India to Great Britain. The British victory over France in the Seven Years' War therefore left Great Britain as the world's dominant colonial power, with a bitter France thirsting for revenge.
2429:
was the basic policy imposed by Great
Britain on its overseas possessions. Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others
2107:
and others who rejected the charge of political corruption by arguing that corruption is the universal human condition. Furthermore, they argued, political divisiveness was also universal and inevitable because of selfish passions that were integral to human nature. Arnall argued that government must
1761:
retained power, and each country kept its legal and educational systems, as well as its established Church. United, they formed a larger economy, and the Scots began to provide soldiers and colonial officials to the new
British forces and Empire. However, one notable difference at the outset was that
2240:
has said
Walpole's policies sought moderation: he worked for peace, lower taxes, growing exports, and allowed a little more tolerance for Protestant Dissenters. He avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes, as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps. H.T. Dickinson
1937:
has argued that George wanted to spend even more time in
Hanover: "His visits, in 1716, 1719, 1720, 1723 and 1725, were lengthy, and, in total, he spent a considerable part of his reign abroad. These visits were also occasions both for significant negotiations and for the exchange of information and
2684:
in 1783 wrote "A Proposal for
Establishing a Settlement in New South Wales" proposing the establishment of a colony composed of American Loyalists, Chinese and South Sea Islanders (but not convicts). Matra reasoned that the land was suitable for plantations of sugar, cotton and tobacco; New Zealand
2235:
from the gentry class, who first arrived in
Parliament in 1701, and held many senior positions. He was a country squire and looked to country gentlemen for his political base. Historian Frank O'Gorman said his leadership in Parliament reflected his "reasonable and persuasive oratory, his ability to
2194:
By avoiding wars, Walpole could lower taxes. He reduced the national debt with a sinking fund, and by negotiating lower interest rates. He reduced the land tax from four shillings in 1721, to 3s in 1728, 2s in 1731 and finally to only 1s (i.e. 5%) in 1732. His long-term goal was to replace the land
2066:
was a master of the effective use of patronage, as were Pelham and Lord
Newcastle. They each paid close attention to the work of bestowing upon their political allies high places, lifetime pensions, honours, lucrative government contracts, and help at election time. In turn the friends enabled them
1900:
led eighteen Jacobite peers and 10,000 men, with the aim of overthrowing the new king and restoring the Stuarts. Poorly organised, it was decisively defeated. Several of the leaders were executed, many others dispossessed of their lands, and some 700 prominent followers deported to forced labour on
2825:
represented a contest of ideologies between conservative, royalist Britain and radical Republican France. The long bitter wars with France 1793–1815, saw anti-Catholicism emerge as the glue that held the three kingdoms together. From the upper classes to the lower classes, Protestants were brought
2766:
and made it the major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the extent of territories under its control, ruling either directly or in cooperation with local princes. Although Britain itself only had a small standing army, the company had a large and
2135:
Such has been the conduct of Sir Robert Walpole, with regard to foreign affairs: he has deserted our allies, aggrandized our enemies, betrayed our commerce, and endangered our colonies; and yet this is the least criminal part of his ministry. For what is the loss of allies to the alienation of the
2091:
Walpole's policy had bred distrust, his methods hatred. Time and time again his policy was successful in Parliament only because of the government's absolute control of the Scottish members in the Commons and the Bishops in the Lords. He gave point to the opposition's cry that Walpole's policy was
2589:
policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Great Britain after 1781 confirmed Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic
1748:
was agreed in 1706, following negotiations between representatives of the parliaments of England and Scotland, and each parliament then passed separate Acts of Union to ratify it. The Acts came into effect on 1 May 1707, uniting the separate Parliaments and uniting the two kingdoms into a kingdom
2640:
as a separate colony. The Constitutional Act of 1791 created the provinces of Upper Canada (mainly English-speaking) and Lower Canada (mainly French-speaking) to defuse tensions between the French and English-speaking communities, and implemented governmental systems similar to those employed in
1833:
That Treaty , which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large,—the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great
1661:
Despite the end of a separate parliament for Scotland, it retained its own laws and system of courts, as also its own established Presbyterian Church and control over its own schools. The social structure was highly hierarchical, and the same ruling class remained in control after 1707. Scotland
2015:
Corporate stock was a new phenomenon, not well understood, except for the strong gossip among financiers that fortunes could be made overnight. The South Sea Company, although originally set up to trade with the Spanish Empire, quickly turned most of its attention to very high risk financing,
2054:
Stanhope and Sunderland died of natural causes, leaving Walpole alone as the dominant figure in British politics. The public hailed him as the saviour of the financial system, and historians credit him with rescuing the Whig government, and indeed the Hanoverian dynasty, from total disgrace.
1941:
George I supported the expulsion of the Tories from power; they remained in the political wilderness until his great-grandson George III came to power in 1760 and began to replace Whigs with Tories. George I has often been caricatured in the history books, but according to his biographer
2826:
together from England, Scotland and Ireland into a profound distrust and distaste for all things French. That enemy nation was depicted as the natural home of misery and oppression because of its inherent inability to shed the darkness of Catholic superstition and clerical manipulation.
2226:
is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history... Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons.
1800:. The war was a financial drain, for Britain had to finance its allies and hire foreign soldiers. Stalemate on the battlefield and war weariness on the home front set in toward the end. The anti-war Tory politicians won control of Parliament in 1710 and forced a peace. The concluding
676:
3099:
There was no authorised version of the national anthem as the words were a matter of tradition; only the first verse was usually sung. No statute had been enacted designating "God Save the King" as the official anthem. In the English tradition, such laws are not necessary;
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gained strength in the late 18th and early 19th century. The movement challenged the traditional religious sensibility that emphasized a code of honour for the upper class, and suitable behaviour for everyone else, together with faithful observances of rituals.
2689:, Matra amended his proposal to include convicts as settlers, considering that this would benefit both "Economy to the Publick, & Humanity to the Individual". The government adopted the basics of Matra's plan in 1784, and funded the settlement of convicts.
3615:
Ninth United Nations Conference on the Standardisation of Geographical Names (Item 4 of the provisional agenda, Reports by Governments on the situations in their countries and of the progress made in the standardisation of geographical names since the eighth
2834:
It was not only Britain's position on the world stage that was threatened: Napoleon, who came to power in 1799, threatened invasion of Great Britain itself, and with it, a fate similar to the countries of continental Europe that his armies had overrun. The
2071:
or other handsome emoluments, often in the range of £500 – £1000 per year. Usually there was little or no work involved. Walpole also distributed highly attractive ecclesiastical appointments. When the Court in 1725 instituted a new order of chivalry, the
2076:, Walpole immediately seized the opportunity. He made sure that most of the 36 men honoured were peers and members of parliament who would provide him with useful connections. Walpole himself became enormously wealthy, investing heavily in his estate at
2019:
Confidence in the entire national financial and political system collapsed. Parliament investigated and concluded that there had been widespread fraud by the company directors and corruption in the Cabinet. Among Cabinet members implicated were the
1901:
sugar plantations in the West Indies. A key decision was the refusal of the Pretender to change his religion from Roman Catholic to Anglican, which would have mobilised much more of the Tory element. The Whigs came to power, under the leadership of
1486:
state that England and Scotland were to be "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain", and as such "Great Britain" was the official name of the state, as well as being used in titles such as "Parliament of Great Britain".. The term
2679:
for the establishment of a penal settlement. Australia marks the beginning of the Second British Empire. It was planned by the government in London and designed as a replacement for the lost American colonies. The American Loyalist
2295:, and suffered a series of defeats in North America. After years of setbacks and mediocre results, British luck turned in the "miracle year" ("Annus Mirabilis") of 1759. The British had entered the year anxious about a
1626:. In practice, it was a continuation of the English parliament, sitting at the same location in Westminster, expanded to include representation from Scotland. As with the former Parliament of England and the modern
1762:
the new Scottish members of parliament and representative peers were elected by the outgoing Parliament of Scotland, while all existing members of the Houses of Commons and Lords at Westminster remained in office.
2685:
timber and hemp or flax could prove valuable commodities; it could form a base for Pacific trade; and it could be a suitable compensation for displaced American Loyalists. At the suggestion of Secretary of State
3304:
That the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland shall upon the First day of May which shall be in the year One thousand seven hundred and seven and forever after be united into one Kingdom by the name of Great
1199:. Since James's reign, who had been the first to refer to himself as "king of Great Britain", a political union between the two mainland British kingdoms had been repeatedly attempted and aborted by both the
2067:
to control Parliament. Thus in 1742, over 140 members of parliament held powerful positions thanks in part to Walpole, including 24 men at the royal court, 50 in the government agencies, and the rest with
2624:
became Britain's major base for naval action. They repulsed an American revolutionary invasion in 1776, but in 1777 a British invasion army was captured in New York, encouraging France to enter the war.
2381:. It stood alongside the traditional nonconformist churches, Presbyterians, Congregationalist, Baptists, Unitarians and Quakers. The nonconformist churches, however, were less influenced by revivalism.
2140:
Walpole's allies defeated a censure motion by a vote of 209 to 106, but Walpole's coalition lost seats in the election of 1741, and by a narrow margin he was finally forced out of office in early 1742.
1804:
was highly favourable for Britain. Spain lost its empire in Europe and faded away as a great power, while working to better manage its colonies in the Americas. The First British Empire, based upon the
2245:
Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the
2163:
in 1733, because it was a dispute between the Bourbons and the Habsburgs. He boasted, "There are 50,000 men slain in Europe this year, and not one Englishman." Walpole himself let others, especially
2249:(1688) ... He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament.
1536:
The kingdoms of England and Scotland, both in existence from the 9th century (with England incorporating Wales in the 16th century), were separate states until 1707. However, they had come into a
1698:, through the Parliament of Great Britain, had "full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient validity to bind the Kingdom and people of Ireland". The Act was repealed by the
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The American Revolutionary War, which lasted from 1775 to 1783, was expensive but the British financed it successfully. Approximately 8,500 British troops were killed in action during the war.
2287:, North America, the Caribbean, the Philippines, and coastal Africa. The results were highly favourable for Britain, and a major disaster for France. Key decisions were largely in the hands of
1662:
continued to have its own universities, and with its intellectual community, especially in Edinburgh, the Scottish Enlightenment had a major impact on British, American, and European thinking.
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collaborated informally with Walpole to prevent a major war and keep the peace. Both sides wanted peace, which allowed both countries enormous cost savings, and recovery from expensive wars.
2127:
By 1741, Walpole was facing mounting criticism on foreign policy—he was accused of entangling Britain in a useless war with Spain—and mounting allegations of corruption. On 13 February 1741,
2103:
attacked Walpole relentlessly, primarily targeting his patronage, which they denounced as corruption. In turn, Walpole imposed censorship on the London theatre and subsidised writers such as
2636:
in Africa. The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, were not welcomed by the locals. Therefore, in 1784 the British split off
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Great Britain, with the intention of asserting imperial authority and not allowing the sort of popular control of government that was perceived to have led to the American Revolution.
151:
1710:, which sought to end the subordination and dependency of the country on the British crown and to establish a republic, was one of the factors that led to the formation of the
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1888:, then in exile. The Whigs strongly supported the Hanoverians, in order to ensure a Protestant succession. The new king, George I was a foreign prince and had a small English
1514:. Both the Acts and the Treaty describe the country as "One Kingdom" and a "United Kingdom", leading some publications to treat the state as the "United Kingdom". The term
2632:
migrated, some bringing their slaves. Most families were given free land to compensate their losses. Several thousand free blacks also arrived; most of them later went to
2000:
He monopolized the counsels of the King, he closely superintended the administration, he ruthlessly controlled patronage, and he led the predominant party in Parliament.
3416:
That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon 1 May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN
2410:
The first British Empire was based largely in mainland North America and the West Indies, with a growing presence in India. Emigration from Britain went mostly to the
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marked the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa.
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be strong enough to control conflict, and in that regard Walpole was quite successful. This style of "court" political rhetoric continued through the 18th century.
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The opposition called for "patriotism" and looked at the Prince of Wales as the future "Patriot King". Walpole supporters ridiculed the very term "patriot".
6411:—— (2010). "The Historiography of the English State During 'The Long Eighteenth Century'Part Two–Fiscal-Military and Nationalist Perspectives".
3448:
In 1707, on the union with Scotland, 'Great Britain' became the official name of the British Kingdom, and so continued until the union with Ireland in 1801.
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3167:"After the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland in 1707, the nation's official name became the Kingdom of Great Britain".
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meant that the whole of the island of Great Britain was now ruled by a single monarch, who by virtue of holding the English crown also ruled over the
741:
1690:
had recently "assumed to themselves a Power and Jurisdiction to examine, correct and amend" judgements of the Irish courts and declared that as the
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who rose to power in the House of Commons from 1721 to 1742. He became the first "prime minister", a term in use by 1727. In 1742, he was created
6838:
1796:, who reigned 1702–1714, was the central decision maker, working closely with her advisers, especially her remarkably successful senior general,
1099:
9595:
6432:
Johnson, Richard R. (1978). "Politics Redefined: An Assessment of Recent Writings on the Late Stuart Period of English History, 1660 to 1714".
2612:. Great Britain's policy was to respect Quebec's Catholic establishment as well as its semi-feudal legal, economic, and social systems. By the
796:
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2544:, the United States held off successive British invasions. The Americans captured two main British armies in 1777 and 1781. After that, King
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Devereaux, Simon (2009). "The Historiography of the English State during 'the Long Eighteenth Century': Part I–Decentralized Perspectives".
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1917:. Many Tories were driven out of national and local government, and new laws were passed to impose greater national control. The right of
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Drury, Marjule Anne (2001). "Anti-Catholicism in Germany, Britain, and the United States: A Review and Critique of Recent Scholarship".
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The Church of England remained dominant, but it had a growing evangelical, revivalist faction in the "Low Church". Its leaders included
9717:
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How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It
2218:
Historians hold Walpole's record in high regard, though there has been a recent tendency to share credit more widely among his allies.
1933:
During his reign, George I spent only about half as much of his time overseas as had William III, who also reigned for thirteen years.
1872:"In 1714 the ruling class was so bitterly divided that many feared a civil war might break out on Queen Anne's death", wrote historian
1556:. Each of the three kingdoms maintained its own parliament and laws. Various smaller islands were in the king's domain, including the
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resisted early attempts to incorporate Ireland in the political union. The early years of the newly united kingdom were marked by
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firmly believed that the only solution to the problem was a union of Great Britain and Ireland. The union was established by the
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were therefore ones in which the British invested all the moneys and energies it could raise. French ports were blockaded by the
2159:
Walpole secured widespread support with his policy of avoiding war. He used his influence to prevent George II from entering the
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2470:'s insistence on taxing colonists without their consent to recover losses incurred protecting the American Colonists during the
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French Foreign Policy during the Administration of Cardinal Fleury, 1726–1743: A Study in Diplomacy and Commercial Development
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called Great Britain. Anne became the first monarch to occupy the unified British throne, and in line with Article 22 of the
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4190:
Hanham, Andrew (2016), "The Politics of Chivalry: Sir Robert Walpole, the Duke of Montagu and the Order of the Bath",
3491:
2604:
After a series of "French and Indian wars", the British took over most of France's North American operations in 1763.
1226:, with the laws of succession differing in the two kingdoms and threatening a return to the throne of Scotland of the
10169:
10139:
6826:
6603:
5424:
5388:
5230:
5119:
Stern, Philip J. (2009). "History and historiography of the English East India Company: Past, present, and future!".
5050:(1988). "Banks, Cook and the Eighteenth Century Natural History Tradition". In Delamotte, Tony; Bridge, Carl (eds.).
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Horne, Thomas (October–December 1980), "Politics in a Corrupt Society: William Arnall's Defense of Robert Walpole",
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lost control of Parliament and was unable to continue the war, which was brought to an end with the signing of the
2479:
2259:
1627:
1580:
1040:
2438:) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country.
2036:. Walpole had dabbled in the speculation himself but was not a major player. He rose to the challenge, as the new
7448:
7234:
6731:
3891:
Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present
2312:
2232:
2207:
2128:
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2338:
ended threats of a French invasion, and confirmed Britain's reputation as the world's foremost naval power. The
2124:—they were called "Cobham's Cubs". They became leading enemies of Walpole and both later became prime minister.
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7329:
7217:
4856:
4722:
3562:
3514:
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2183:
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of 1774, the province of Quebec was enlarged to include the western holdings of the American colonies. In the
9800:
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7303:
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7185:
7180:
7175:
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7160:
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7130:
7125:
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3196:
2316:
1964:
1892:
to support him, with military support from his native Hanover and from his allies in the Netherlands. In the
1844:
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1013:
907:
668:
135:
75:
3580:
2347:
9758:
7983:
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5326:
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2300:
2160:
1862:
1806:
1793:
1771:
1741:
1732:
1592:
1208:
1005:
339:
2878:. Great Britain and Ireland were formally united on 1 January 1801. The Irish Parliament was closed down.
19:
This article is about the British kingdom as it existed from 1707 to the end of 1800. For the island, see
9810:
9737:
9422:
8000:
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2887:
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in 1783, which acknowledged the independence and sovereignty of the thirteen colonies and recognized the
2502:
2467:
2182:
Henry Pelham became prime minister in 1744 and continued Walpole's policies. He worked for an end to the
2021:
1885:
1615:
1600:
1527:
1245:
1161:
1069:
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440:
2236:
move both the emotions as well as the minds of men, and, above all, his extraordinary self-confidence."
1575:
and a single unified parliament. Ireland remained formally separate, with its own parliament, until the
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1884:
families controlled parliament, but were deeply split, with Tories committed to the legitimacy of the
10204:
9590:
7380:
6788:
6702:
5985:
5844:
The History of England from the Accession of George III – to the close of Pitt's first Administration
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1695:
1608:
1383:
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1969:
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5691:
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4510:
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4443:
3075:
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2801:
2637:
1934:
1655:
937:
423:
320:
6625:
7976:
7968:
7395:
7334:
5734:
5617:
4939:"From Global Processes to Continental Strategies: The Emergence of British North America to 1783"
4023:
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2100:
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1707:
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1064:
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and usage are sufficient to make it the national anthem. "God Save the King" also served as the
3000:
Anne was from the House of Stuart and the Georges were from the House of Hanover. Anne had been
2981:
2952:
1334:, which was to become the foremost global power for over a century. Great Britain dominated the
1315:
in the period 1700–1740s. The term "Augustan" refers to the acknowledgement of the influence of
9415:
7344:
6726:
6697:
6670:
6076:
Literature and Society in Eighteenth-Century England: Ideology, Politics and Culture, 1680–1820
4849:
The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607–1755
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and the West Indies, with some to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Few permanent settlers went to
2339:
2335:
2113:
1857:
In the 18th century England, and after 1707 Great Britain, rose to become the world's dominant
1623:
1584:
1507:
1204:
981:
958:
932:
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marked the high point of the First British Empire. France's future in North America ended, as
1646:
to sit in the House of Lords remained unchanged, while the disproportionately large number of
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9863:
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3600:
3563:"BBC – History – British History in depth: Acts of Union: The creation of the United Kingdom"
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1780:(1702–14) England continued its policy of forming and funding alliances, especially with the
1679:
1675:
1619:
1296:
1200:
1165:
986:
835:
165:
61:
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parliamentary constituencies remained unchanged throughout the existence of the Parliament.
2675:, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of
1744:, the last Stuart monarch of England and Scotland and the first monarch of Great Britain. A
1599:. The Act of Settlement required that the heir to the English throne be a descendant of the
9637:
9479:
6743:
3640:
3628:
3050:
2730:
was not directly ruled by the British government, instead certain parts were seized by the
2654:
2621:
2136:
people from the government, or the diminution of trade to the destruction of our liberties?
2083:
Walpole's methods won him victory after victory, but aroused furious opposition. Historian
1703:
1687:
1683:
1588:
1492:
1463:
The use of the word "Great" before "Britain" originates in the French language, which uses
1414:
1375:
1188:
976:
6215:—— (October 1900). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)".
2966:
2937:
2299:, but by the end of the year, they were victorious in all theatres. In the Americas, they
2171:
died in 1715, and the regents who ran France were preoccupied with internal affairs. King
2112:, a leading soldier, used his own connections to build up an opposition after 1733. Young
8:
10103:
10023:
9880:
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9516:
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6562:
6535:
5860:
5714:
2605:
2447:
2385:
2276:
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2092:
against the wishes of the nation, a policy imposed by a corrupt use of pension and place.
1922:
1647:
1545:
1499:
1335:
1327:
1300:
1273:
1234:
1184:
1141:
966:
585:
6273:—— (April 1901). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)".
6147:
3481:"Scottish referendum: 50 fascinating facts you should know about Scotland (see fact 27)"
1491:
had been in use in some official contexts for a century, such as at the proclamation of
9913:
9875:
9858:
9805:
9779:
9605:
9551:
9307:
9302:
7360:
6655:
6650:
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6485:
6449:
6378:
6370:
6319:
6302:—— (July 1901). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)".
6290:
6261:
6232:
6203:
6186:—— (July 1900). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole (Continued)".
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5842:
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1223:
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1129:
1059:
571:
519:
506:
288:
157:
6462:
6053:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783
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2763:
2751:
2720:
2599:
2577:
2568:
2533:
2529:
2514:
2506:
2463:
2418:, although many young men went there in the hope of making money and returning home.
2411:
2369:
2363:
2304:
2073:
1801:
1785:
1363:
1347:
1269:
917:
284:
113:
93:
4410:
Great Britain: the lion at home: a documentary history of domestic policy, 1689–1973
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9820:
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2973:
2541:
2525:
2518:
2327:
2117:
2010:
1852:
1604:
1257:
1249:
912:
726:
266:
223:
6115:
5977:
3977:
1682:, and after 1707 to the Parliament of Great Britain. The Westminster parliament's
1630:, the Parliament of Great Britain was formally constituted of three elements: the
1292:
10098:
9987:
9949:
9691:
9632:
9508:
8999:
8994:
8946:
8941:
8916:
8911:
7370:
6771:
6685:
5572:
5430:
5394:
5356:
5269:
5236:
5164:
5146:
5076:
Atkinson, Alan (1990). "The first plans for governing New South Wales, 1786–87".
4862:
4829:
4728:
4695:
4595:
4528:
4465:
4390:
4353:
4279:
4231:
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4019:
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3771:
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2944:
2901:
2836:
2755:
2491:
2331:
2320:
1943:
1826:
1750:
1745:
1686:(also called the Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act 1719) noted that the
1561:
1549:
1479:
1367:
1316:
1308:
1230:
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1153:
1125:
1117:
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256:
6315:
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9521:
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6821:
6286:
6170:
6100:
5962:
5794:
5621:
5554:
5378:
5029:
Schreuder, Deryck; Ward, Stuart, eds. (2010). "Chapter 1. Australia's Empire".
4907:
3969:
3886:
2905:
2897:
2537:
2104:
2063:
1985:
1960:
1914:
1866:
1789:
1781:
1635:
1541:
1537:
1446:
1343:
1331:
1312:
1304:
1265:
1261:
1227:
1180:
1121:
626:
537:
455:
408:
302:
251:
246:
28:
9992:
6481:
6244:—— (January 1901). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole".
6085:
5947:
5296:
5089:
3557:
Scotland has been part of the United Kingdom for more than three hundred years
2517:
with authoring the Declaration, but the committee, in turn, largely relied on
1268:. The "South Sea Bubble" economic crisis was brought on by the failure of the
10133:
9959:
9642:
9438:
7270:
7249:
6257:
6199:
5866:
5605:
5584:
5532:
5280:
4794:
4573:
3293:
3001:
2928:
2747:
2738:
declined in power and the East India Company battled for the spoils with the
2735:
2553:
2435:
2431:
2415:
2237:
2084:
2077:
2048:
1981:
1918:
1889:
1881:
1518:
was sometimes used informally during the 18th century to describe the state.
1439:
1157:
1145:
1030:
716:
711:
279:
261:
199:
186:
20:
6228:
6157:—— (April 1900). "The Foreign Policy of England under Walpole".
5434:
5273:
5168:
4699:
4394:
4357:
4283:
4203:
3266:
3041:
George III continued as King of the United Kingdom until his death in 1820.
1540:
in 1603, when James VI of Scotland became king of England under the name of
10108:
10073:
7254:
5948:"Pitt, William, first earl of Chatham [Pitt the elder] (1708–1778)"
5929:
The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688–1832
5891:
The History of England From The Accession of Anne to the Death of George II
5576:
5398:
5240:
5218:
5054:. London: Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies. pp. 4–23.
4833:
4800:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire
4732:
4662:
4599:
4532:
4469:
4331:
4235:
4176:
4045:
3908:
3850:
3244:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3055:
2809:
2759:
2672:
2633:
2586:
2426:
2393:
2351:
1989:
1877:
1848:
1758:
1355:
1351:
1320:
1288:
694:
480:
5360:
3549:"Scottish referendum: 50 fascinating facts you should know about Scotland"
1260:
resulted in a growth in the powers of Parliament and a new role, that of "
10088:
9669:
9569:
8863:
6071:
5816:
5799:
Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain 1700–1850
5641:
5494:
5412:
4866:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2389:
2374:
2308:
2279:, which began in 1756, was the first war waged on a global scale and saw
2219:
2196:
1974:
1873:
1858:
1557:
1371:
1169:
1149:
704:
464:
449:
161:
9997:
6499:
Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing Since 1966
3249:
God's Empire: Religion and Colonialism in the British World, c.1801–1908
2855:. In 1798, Irish nationalists, under Protestant leadership, plotted the
2466:
turned from benign neglect to outright revolt, primarily because of the
1295:" is typically used in the contexts of social and political history for
10068:
10002:
7375:
7244:
6798:
6714:
6453:
6019:
5304:
5203:
4761:
4715:
The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War
4318:
3219:
3130:
3070:
3034:
2840:
2712:
2676:
2664:
2613:
2582:
2581:, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that
2572:
2545:
2343:
1432:
1398:
1277:
1219:
375:
228:
6374:
6353:(1987). "British foreign policy in the eighteenth century: A survey".
6323:
6294:
6265:
6236:
6207:
6178:
2326:
In Europe, British troops partook in a decisive Allied victory at the
1925:
increased the maximum life of a parliament from three years to seven.
1694:
was subordinate to and dependent upon the crown of Great Britain, the
9982:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
7470:
4220:, vol. 2, 1688 to the present (3rd ed.), pp. 449–450,
2871:
2716:
2667:
had discovered the eastern coast of Australia whilst on a scientific
2495:
2378:
2222:
wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister
2168:
2121:
1818:
1740:
The deeper political integration of her kingdoms was a key policy of
1639:
1379:
1240:
The resulting kingdom was in legislative and personal union with the
1173:
7432:
6445:
5195:
4310:
4030:, University of California Press, pp. 213–255, quoting p. 241,
3608:"Report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"
3438:
was the official designation of the kingdoms of England and Scotland
2851:
The French Revolution revived religious and political grievances in
1471:. French therefore distinguishes between the two by calling Britain
9684:
9647:
9535:
9489:
9227:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8956:
8951:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
7280:
6366:
5052:
Interpreting Australia: British Perceptions of Australia since 1788
2172:
2068:
2043:
1468:
636:
7998:
3188:
9664:
9525:
9474:
8893:
8888:
8883:
7275:
1996:(1754–1762). Clayton Roberts summarizes Walpole's new functions:
1822:
631:
297:
9484:
9407:
5151:
Britain against Napoleon: The Organization of Victory, 1793–1815
4336:
Eighteenth-Century British Premiers: Walpole to the Younger Pitt
3291:
2771:, with British officers commanding native Indian troops (called
1124:
from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706
10033:
9679:
9564:
9464:
8878:
8873:
8868:
5739:
Aristocratic century: the peerage of eighteenth-century England
4967:
Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World
4912:
The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire
3831:
3722:
2772:
2487:
1814:
1495:'s acession to the throne in 1625 as "King of Great Britain".
177:
5525:
The Law & Working of the Constitution: Documents 1660–1914
3663:
3661:
3319:
Ridicule, Religion and the Politics of Wit in Augustan England
2778:
2028:, and a Secretary of State, as well as two other leading men,
1722:
1423:
descends from the Latin name for the island of Great Britain,
9540:
9469:
7285:
5472:
Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of George I, 1714–1727
5256:
The Savage Storm: Britain on the Brink in the Age of Napoleon
3527:"The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great britain in 1707"
3430:
The Standard Reference Work: For the Home, School and Library
2727:
2264:
1988:
and was succeeded as prime minister by two of his followers,
1728:
1137:
641:
4748:
The Church of England: the Methodists and society, 1700–1850
9459:
4538:
4130:
4051:
3786:
Scotland in the Eighteenth Century: Union and Enlightenment
3746:
3734:
3658:
3285:
2211:
1740 political cartoon depicting a towering Walpole as the
1658:, and their successors, had the right to sit in the Lords.
6129:. Vol. 1, 1783–1815. Cambridge, The University press.
6126:
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919
4630:
4109:"Riding a wave the Company's role in the South Sea Bubble"
3964:. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1144:
to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of
5910:
Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia
4606:
4000:
3646:
2357:
1700:
Repeal of Act for Securing Dependence of Ireland Act 1782
1503:
3915:
2912:, the lower chamber, which was elected periodically. In
2708:
1287:
The Hanoverian line of monarchs gave their names to the
2080:
and its large collection of European master paintings.
1706:
produced a period of legislative freedom. However, the
6508:
The Hanoverian Dimension in British History, 1714–1837
4885:
War for America: The Fight for Independence, 1775–1783
2628:
After the American victory, between 40,000 and 60,000
4642:
3685:
The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment
3155:
Continued as monarch of the United Kingdom until 1820
1921:
was restricted; to reduce electoral instability, the
16:
Constitutional monarchy in Western Europe (1707–1800)
6463:"The recent historiography of the Hanoverian regime"
5821:
A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?: England 1783–1846
4918:
4828:. University of Washington Press. pp. 204–211.
4618:
4373:
Democracy: 1,000 Years in Pursuit of British Liberty
4089:
The Great Swindle: The Story of the South Sea Bubble
3353:
Histoire de la petite Bretagne ou Bretagne armorique
3137:, was an official language in the courts until 1731.
2532:
and with some economic and military assistance from
2175:
came of age in 1726, and his elderly chief minister
1475:, a distinction which was transferred into English.
1148:
and its outlying islands, with the exception of the
23:. For the United Kingdom between 1801 and 1922, see
6086:"Walpole, Robert, first earl of Orford (1676–1745)"
5994:
British Imperial Policy and Decolonization, 1938-64
4446:(1984), "Foreign Policy in the Age of Walpole", in
4241:
2441:
2346:(Quebec) came under British control. In India, the
1838:
6084:
5946:
4826:Seeds of Liberty: The Genesis of the American Mind
4262:George III and the Satirists from Hogarth to Byron
4150:
4086:
4063:
3774:scotshistoryonline.co.uk, accessed 2 November 2008
3367:"The Treaty (act) of the Union of Parliament 1706"
2350:had left France still in control of several small
2131:, a former ally, called for his removal. He said:
1809:, was enlarged. From France, Great Britain gained
1753:Scotland and England each sent members to the new
1338:through the trading and military expansion of the
5589:A Polite and Commercial People: England 1727–1783
5499:Cassell's Companion to Eighteenth Century Britain
4682:1759: The Year Britain Became Master of the World
4491:
3146:Monarch of England and Scotland from 1702 to 1707
2896:The Parliament of Great Britain consisted of the
2821:With the regicide of King Louis XVI in 1793, the
1603:and not a Roman Catholic; this brought about the
10131:
7433:Articles related to the Kingdom of Great Britain
4580:. Vol. VI: the Eighteenth Century. p.
2368:The evangelical movement inside and outside the
5984:
2462:During the 1760s and 1770s, relations with the
2319:in the West Indies. In India, the John Company
2253:
1567:This disposition changed dramatically when the
1366:. From 1787, Britain began the colonisation of
1256:. The relative incapacity or ineptitude of the
6506:Simms, Brendan; Riotte, Torsten, eds. (2007).
2881:
2513:. The Second Continental Congress charged the
1861:, with France as its main rival. The pre-1707
1510:, refer to the state created on 1 May 1707 as
1397:, enacted by Great Britain and Ireland, under
10195:States and territories disestablished in 1801
9423:
7984:
7456:
6611:
6012:Sir Robert Walpole: The Making of a Statesman
5492:
5447:
5225:. Yale University Press. pp. 35, 53–54.
5028:
4556:
3414:Both Acts and the Treaty state in Article I:
1583:to the throne in accordance with the English
1093:
853:
6460:
6095:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5957:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5926:
5515:
5327:"British History – The 1798 Irish Rebellion"
4636:
3740:
3728:
3066:History of the United Kingdom § 18th century
2421:
2317:captured the rich sugar island of Guadeloupe
1980:Robert Walpole (1676–1745) was a son of the
1954:
1579:took effect. The Union of 1707 provided for
90:
9886:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
6586:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
6505:
5527:, vol. I: 1660–1783, A. & C. Black
4102:
4100:
3951:
3811:The War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714
2779:Battling the French Revolution and Napoleon
2715:of the East India Company meeting his ally
2700:to the colony. It arrived in January 1788.
2494:and suppressed the Loyalists who supported
2144:
2058:
1723:Merging of Scottish and English Parliaments
1712:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1391:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1382:. Britain was a leading belligerent in the
1179:The formerly separate kingdoms had been in
599:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
25:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
10200:States and territories established in 1707
9596:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference
9430:
9416:
7991:
7977:
7463:
7449:
6618:
6604:
6043:Albion's People: English Society 1714–1815
4936:
4781:Albion's People: English Society 1714–1815
3251:. Cambridge University Press. p. 41.
2330:. The victory over the French navy at the
2265:Victory in the Seven Years' War, 1756–1763
1100:
1086:
860:
846:
150:
6496:
6410:
6389:
6122:
6024:English Society in the Eighteenth Century
5616:
4937:Reid, John G.; Mancke, Elizabeth (2008).
4745:
4660:
4481:
4080:
4078:
3867:
2996:History of monarchy in the United Kingdom
2750:of the 1740s and 1750s. Victories at the
2696:set sail, carrying the first shipment of
2458:United States Declaration of Independence
2392:. It reached the upper class through the
1532:History of monarchy in the United Kingdom
6301:
6272:
6243:
6214:
6185:
6156:
6142:
5901:English People in the Eighteenth Century
5898:
5865:
5670:(2nd ed.), At the Clarendon Press,
5662:
5646:Stability and Strife: England, 1714–1760
5595:
5583:
5417:The Younger Pitt: The Consuming Struggle
5075:
5032:The Oxford History of the British Empire
4712:
4612:
4560:
4544:
4430:
4422:
4264:. University of Georgia Press. pp.
4259:
4148:
4136:
4097:
4057:
4006:
3958:Gibbs, G. C. (21 May 2009). "George I".
3937:
3933:
3752:
3667:
3652:
3427:
3294:"Union with Scotland Act 1706 Article I"
2796:
2744:Compagnie française des Indes orientales
2707:
2562:
2305:drove the French out of the Ohio Country
2206:
2042:
1968:
1765:
1727:
10150:1800 disestablishments in Great Britain
6431:
6092:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5954:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5793:
5760:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press.
5559:The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
5253:
4823:
4370:
4330:
4215:
3961:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3808:
3679:
3081:Timeline of British history (1700–1799)
2399:
2321:repulsed French forces besieging Madras
2202:
2197:impose excise taxes on wine and tobacco
2189:
1798:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
1571:came into force, with a single unified
10132:
6133:
6123:Ward, A.W.; Gooch, G.P., eds. (1922).
6082:
6018:
5944:
5907:
5887:
5815:
5755:
5733:
5712:
5696:Britain as a Military Power, 1688–1815
5531:
5411:
5217:
5145:
5110:
5046:
5003:
4914:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
4906:
4846:
4760:
4679:
4648:
4509:
4407:
4216:Roberts, Clayton; et al. (1985),
4189:
4084:
4075:
4069:
4018:
3941:
3885:
3849:
3837:
3699:
3581:"History of Great Britain (from 1707)"
3444:United States Congressional serial set
3369:. Scots History Online. Archived from
3336:. Edinburgh University Press. p.
3292:Parliament of the Kingdom of England,
3163:
3161:
2358:Evangelical religion and social reform
2311:in Canada as a result of the decisive
1928:
1521:
9411:
7972:
7444:
7431:
6599:
6349:
6070:
6049:
6009:
5774:
5758:Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837
5716:The economic policy of Robert Walpole
5690:
5640:
5604:
5553:
5537:A Land of Liberty?: England 1689–1727
5466:
5448:Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (1980).
5383:. Greenwood Press. pp. 339–364.
5340:
5279:
5223:Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837
5181:
5118:
4978:
4924:
4879:
4793:
4624:
4497:
4442:
4296:
4247:
4106:
3990:
3957:
3945:
3921:
3783:
3575:
3351:Manet, François-Gille-Pierre (1934),
3350:
3243:
3217:
3061:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
2509:, unanimously adopted and issued the
2482:, and the Americans then trapped the
1992:(1743–1754) and Pelham's brother the
1595:, which ceased to have effect by the
1282:defeat for the Stuarts' cause in 1746
10145:1707 establishments in Great Britain
9601:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly
6344:Historiography of the British Empire
6340:Historiography of the United Kingdom
6040:
6026:(2nd ed.). Penguin Publishing.
5935:
5837:
5373:
4778:
4572:
4022:(1983), "New Light on George I", in
3359:
3317:Lund, Roger D. (2013), "Chapter 1",
3316:
2719:after their decisive victory at the
2406:Historiography of the British Empire
2301:captured Fort Ticonderoga (Carillon)
1650:were permitted to send only sixteen
1614:Legislative power was vested in the
1358:, and until suffering defeat in the
4779:Rule, John (1992). "Chapters 2–6".
3510:"The Union of the Parliaments 1707"
3331:
3158:
2151:International relations (1648–1814)
2004:
1512:the United Kingdom of Great Britain
1460:was first used officially in 1474.
13:
6752:
6136:The Reign of George III, 1760–1815
5684:
5450:British Historical Facts 1760–1830
4157:. Yale University Press. pp.
2293:lost the island of Minorca in 1756
2291:. The war started poorly. Britain
1665:
1597:Repeal of Certain Scotch Acts 1707
1431:, the land of the Britons via the
1389:Great Britain was merged into the
669:History of the United Kingdom
239:Recognised regional languages
14:
10216:
9437:
6525:
6333:
5938:The Eighteenth Century: 1714–1815
5871:The Eighteenth Century, 1688-1815
5610:England in the Eighteenth Century
5113:The East India Company: A History
4766:The age of improvement, 1783–1867
4118:. University of Regina. p. 2
3857:, vol. 2, pp. 1219–1221
3594:
2900:(an unelected upper house of the
2524:Under the military leadership of
2165:his brother-in-law Lord Townshend
1755:House of Commons of Great Britain
10165:1800 disestablishments in Europe
9586:Ireland–United Kingdom relations
7340:Scottish 18th-century literature
6627:
6589:1 January 1801 – 6 December 1922
6497:Schlatter, Richard, ed. (1984).
6425:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00706.x
6404:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00591.x
5847:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
5283:(1998). "Britain and Napoleon".
5133:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00617.x
4667:Readers Guide to British History
3855:Readers Guide to British History
3597:A Brief History of Great Britain
3518:. 2 January 2012. Archived from
3461:HMC Mar & Kellie, Supplement
3428:Stanford, Harold Melvin (1921).
3334:Europe: the emergence of an idea
3218:Berry, Ciara (15 January 2016).
3199:from the original on 3 July 2019
2987:Hanoverian arms used in Scotland
2980:
2965:
2951:
2936:
2651:History of Australia (1788–1850)
2521:, who authored its first draft.
2480:Battles of Lexington and Concord
2442:Loss of the 13 American colonies
2260:George III of the United Kingdom
1839:Hanoverian succession: 1714–1760
1628:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1362:, it also had dominion over the
891:
829:
675:
603:
578:
564:
141:
121:
68:
54:
6546:Text of Union with Scotland Act
5668:The Whig Supremacy: 1714 – 1760
5441:
5419:. Constable. pp. 158–196.
5405:
5367:
5319:
5247:
5175:
5139:
5104:
5069:
5040:
5022:
4997:
4981:The Blacks in Canada: A History
4972:
4959:
4930:
4900:
4873:
4840:
4817:
4787:
4772:
4754:
4739:
4706:
4673:
4654:
4566:
4550:
4503:
4454:, Macmillan, pp. 144–169,
4436:
4416:
4401:
4364:
4324:
4299:Journal of the History of Ideas
4290:
4253:
4209:
4183:
4142:
4012:
3927:
3879:
3861:
3843:
3802:
3777:
3758:
3673:
3634:
3622:
3569:
3541:
3466:
3453:
3421:
3344:
3325:
3310:
3129:Law French, based primarily on
2671:to the South Pacific. In 1778,
2313:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
2241:summed up his historical role:
2155:France–United Kingdom relations
1876:. A few hundred of the richest
1735:, who reigned from 1702 to 1714
1213:
1132:, which united the kingdoms of
10029:Northern Ireland Sign Language
7330:Romantic literature in English
6580:1 May 1707 – 31 December 1800
6541:Text of Union with England Act
6510:. Cambridge University Press.
5741:. Cambridge University Press.
5713:Brisco, Norris Arthur (1907).
5380:William Pitt and the Great War
5153:. Penguin UK. pp. 61–62.
4665:(ed.), "Walpole, Sir Robert",
3893:. Modern Library. p. 90.
3873:A shortened history of England
3765:The Treaty or Act of the Union
3687:, Cambridge University Press,
3618:. New York. 21–30 August 2007.
3515:Learning and Teaching Scotland
3401:"Union with Scotland Act 1706"
3280:The American Pageant, Volume 1
3273:
3237:
3211:
3181:
3149:
3140:
3123:
3093:
2762:gave the Company control over
2184:War of the Austrian Succession
1019:War of the Austrian Succession
136:Royal coat of arms in Scotland
1:
10160:1707 establishments in Europe
6757:Floral Badge of Great Britain
6566:
6159:The English Historical Review
5777:Hanoverian England, 1714–1837
5719:. Columbia University Press.
5623:England under the Hanoverians
5078:Australian Historical Studies
4943:Canada and the British Empire
4941:. In Buckner, Phillip (ed.).
4452:Britain in the Age of Walpole
4408:Wiener, Joel H., ed. (1983),
3533:. 15 May 2011. Archived from
3386:"Union with England Act 1707"
3174:
2815:The House of Commons, 1793–94
1965:History of the United Kingdom
1845:History of the United Kingdom
1778:War of the Spanish Succession
1652:Scottish representative peers
1168:, but distinct legal systems—
1014:War of the Spanish Succession
908:War of the Quadruple Alliance
6693:Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
6149:The Whig Supremacy 1714–1760
6138:. Oxford History of England.
6116:UK public library membership
5978:UK public library membership
5908:Newman, Gerald, ed. (1997).
5648:. Harvard University Press.
5258:. Little, Brown Book Group.
5008:. McClelland & Stewart.
4669:, vol. 2, no. 1338
4578:The Cambridge Modern History
4576:; et al., eds. (1909).
3978:UK public library membership
3120:when the monarch was female.
3017:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
2958:Stuart arms used in Scotland
2644:
2254:Age of George III, 1760–1820
2161:War of the Polish Succession
1863:English overseas possessions
1807:English overseas possessions
1788:against their common enemy,
1772:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
1593:Act anent Peace and War 1703
1581:a Protestant-only succession
1506:, and others, including the
1408:
1393:on 1 January 1801, with the
1360:American War of Independence
1350:, it gained control of both
1330:led to the dominance of the
1264:", emerged in the heyday of
1244:from its inception, but the
27:. For the modern state, see
7:
10190:Former monarchies of Europe
8001:Parliament of Great Britain
6647:Constitutional development
5823:. Oxford University Press.
5801:. Oxford University Press.
5343:Rebellion!: Ireland in 1798
4945:. Oxford University Press.
4847:Nester, William R. (2000).
4746:Armstrong, Anthony (1973).
4028:England's Rise to Greatness
3555:. London. 11 January 2012.
3044:
2919:
2888:Parliament of Great Britain
2882:Parliament of Great Britain
2874:ensured the support of the
2829:
2793:War of the Second Coalition
2511:Declaration of Independence
2503:Second Continental Congress
2022:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1757:. The Scottish and English
1616:Parliament of Great Britain
1601:Electress Sophia of Hanover
1528:Parliament of Great Britain
1246:Parliament of Great Britain
1070:War of the Second Coalition
737:Post-war period (political)
441:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
10221:
10180:Former countries in Europe
6434:William and Mary Quarterly
6355:Journal of British Studies
6337:
6134:Watson, J. Steven (1960).
5899:Marshall, Dorothy (1956).
5598:Eighteenth-Century England
5596:Marshall, Dorothy (1974).
5460:
4768:. Longman. pp. 66–73.
4684:. Atlantic Monthly Press.
4260:Carretta, Vincent (2007).
3813:. Pen and Sword. pp.
3487:. London. 11 January 2012.
3282:, Cengage Learning (2012).
3029:George II of Great Britain
2993:
2892:Elections in Great Britain
2885:
2846:
2789:War of the First Coalition
2782:
2663:In 1770, British explorer
2648:
2618:American Revolutionary War
2597:
2476:American Revolutionary War
2474:(1754–1763). In 1775, the
2454:American Revolutionary War
2451:
2445:
2403:
2361:
2268:
2257:
2148:
2038:First Lord of the Treasury
2008:
1958:
1865:became the nucleus of the
1842:
1769:
1717:
1704:Irish constitution of 1782
1618:, which replaced both the
1525:
1412:
1370:with the departure of the
1218:) did not produce a clear
1055:War of the First Coalition
943:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
928:American Revolutionary War
747:Modern history (political)
18:
10046:
10011:
9973:
9935:
9912:
9905:
9898:
9846:
9788:
9772:
9757:
9700:
9625:
9618:
9578:
9550:
9507:
9500:
9445:
9173:
8985:
8902:
8856:
8847:
8292:
8007:
7485:
7438:
7404:
7381:Proclamation of Rebellion
7353:
7317:
7296:
7263:
6809:
6764:
6750:
6640:
6582:
6577:Kingdom of Great Britain
6575:
6553:
6482:10.1017/S0018246X00019178
6316:10.1093/ehr/XVI.LXIII.439
6304:English Historical Review
6275:English Historical Review
6246:English Historical Review
6217:English Historical Review
6188:English Historical Review
5775:Cowie, Leonard W (1967).
5626:. Methuen & Company.
5501:. Cassell & Company.
5297:10.1017/S0018246X98008048
5090:10.1080/10314619008595830
5006:A short history of Canada
4661:Dickinson, H. P. (2003),
4557:Brumwell & Speck 2001
4511:Wilson, Arthur McCandless
4085:Cowles, Virginia (1960).
3037:Great Britain (1760–1800)
3023:George I of Great Britain
2785:French Revolutionary Wars
2740:French East India Company
2593:
2422:Mercantilist trade policy
1955:Age of Walpole: 1721–1742
1896:, based in Scotland, the
1609:George I of Great Britain
1587:; rather than Scotland's
1585:Act of Settlement of 1701
1384:French Revolutionary Wars
1160:was governed by a single
1049:French Revolutionary Wars
1006:Second Hundred Years' War
836:United Kingdom portal
619:
543:
533:
529:
516:
503:
490:
486:
476:
461:
446:
436:
432:
417:
402:
398:
385:
381:
369:
357:
345:
333:
329:
319:
308:
296:
275:
237:
216:
173:
149:
133:
108:
91:
86:
50:
45:
38:
10170:18th century in Scotland
10140:Kingdom of Great Britain
9871:Kingdom of Great Britain
6634:Kingdom of Great Britain
6560:12 July 927 – 1 May 1707
6461:O'Gorman, Frank (1986).
6287:10.1093/ehr/XVI.LXII.308
6171:10.1093/ehr/XV.LVIII.251
6083:Taylor, Stephen (2008).
5996:, vol. 2, 1951–64,
5927:O'Gorman, Frank (1997).
5912:. Taylor & Francis.
5618:Robertson, Charles Grant
5004:Morton, Desmond (2001).
4983:. McGill-Queen's Press.
4375:. Random House. p.
4116:Economic History Society
3741:Costin & Watson 1952
3729:Costin & Watson 1952
3476:. BBC. 10 February 2011.
3086:
3076:List of British monarchs
2864:William Pitt the Younger
2767:well trained force, the
2703:
2145:Walpole's foreign policy
2059:Patronage and corruption
1656:Peerage of Great Britain
1222:heir and endangered the
1114:Kingdom of Great Britain
938:Australian frontier wars
742:Post-war period (social)
424:William Pitt the Younger
40:Kingdom of Great Britain
10155:18th century in England
7396:Welsh Methodist revival
7335:Romanticism in Scotland
6732:Agricultural Revolution
6698:Anglo-Dutch (1780–1784)
6050:Simms, Brendan (2008).
5254:Andress, David (1960).
5111:Lawson, Philip (2014).
4851:. Praeger. p. 54.
4713:Anderson, Fred (2005).
4371:Kellner, Peter (2011).
4204:10.1111/1750-0206.12236
4149:Browning, Reed (1975).
4107:Kleer, Richard (2014).
3809:Falkner, James (2015).
3496:nationalarchives.gov.uk
3463:(London, 1930), p. 226.
3388:. The national Archives
3355:(in French), p. 74
2857:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2585:should replace the old
2340:Treaty of Paris of 1763
1894:Jacobite rising of 1715
1708:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1678:was subordinate to the
1589:Act of Security of 1704
1401:, to merge with it the
1254:Jacobite rising of 1715
1065:Irish Rebellion of 1798
923:First Anglo-Maratha War
802:History of the monarchy
752:Modern history (social)
314:constitutional monarchy
217:Official languages
156:Great Britain in 1789;
7345:Blue Stockings Society
6758:
6681:American Revolutionary
6258:10.1093/ehr/XVI.LXI.67
6200:10.1093/ehr/XV.LIX.479
6101:10.1093/ref:odnb/28601
5963:10.1093/ref:odnb/22337
5945:Peters, Marie (2009).
5756:Colley, Linda (2009).
5474:. Routledge. pp.
5452:. The Macmillan Press.
5341:Gahan, Daniel (1998).
5329:. BBC. 5 November 2009
5285:The Historical Journal
4680:McLynn, Frank (2004).
3970:10.1093/ref:odnb/10538
3531:Historical Association
3492:"Uniting the kingdom?"
3446:, vol. 10, 1895,
2818:
2724:
2659:History of New Zealand
2336:Battle of Quiberon Bay
2289:William Pitt the Elder
2251:
2229:
2215:
2138:
2094:
2051:
2002:
1977:
1952:
1886:Stuart "Old Pretender"
1736:
1624:Parliament of Scotland
1573:Crown of Great Britain
1508:Historical Association
1205:Parliament of Scotland
992:Father Le Loutre's War
933:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
312:Unitary parliamentary
10175:18th century in Wales
10019:British Sign Language
9864:Principality of Wales
9708:Bailiwick of Guernsey
9591:British–Irish Council
9579:Political cooperation
9560:Bailiwick of Guernsey
6756:
6338:Further information:
6229:10.1093/ehr/XV.LX.665
5936:Owen, John B (1976).
5888:Leadam, I. S (1912).
4979:Winks, Robin (1997).
4824:Savelle, Max (1948).
4192:Parliamentary History
3784:Allan, David (2001).
3434:From 1707 until 1801
2994:Further information:
2800:
2783:Further information:
2711:
2563:Second British Empire
2472:French and Indian War
2404:Further information:
2362:Further information:
2258:Further information:
2243:
2224:
2210:
2149:Further information:
2133:
2089:
2046:
1998:
1972:
1959:Further information:
1948:
1843:Further information:
1770:Further information:
1766:Queen Anne, 1702–1714
1731:
1702:. The same year, the
1680:Parliament of England
1676:Parliament of Ireland
1620:Parliament of England
1605:Hanoverian succession
1526:Further information:
1467:for both Britain and
1413:Further information:
1297:Georgian architecture
1201:Parliament of England
1166:Palace of Westminster
987:French and Indian War
886:Wars of Great Britain
166:Electorate of Hanover
9638:Islands of the Clyde
6744:Financial Revolution
6703:French Revolutionary
6010:Plumb, J. H (1956).
4338:. Springer. p.
4218:A History of England
3944:, pp. 392–398;
3940:, pp. 150–165;
3051:Early modern Britain
2972:Coat of arms of the
2943:Coat of arms of the
2655:History of Australia
2622:Halifax, Nova Scotia
2501:On 4 July 1776, the
2400:First British Empire
2203:Walpole's reputation
2190:Lower debt and taxes
1867:First British Empire
1688:Irish House of Lords
1684:Declaratory Act 1719
1498:The websites of the
1415:Britain (place name)
1376:penal transportation
1303:" is often used for
1189:James VI of Scotland
1128:and ratified by the
1024:Forty-five Rebellion
959:American Indian Wars
10024:Irish Sign Language
9881:Kingdom of Scotland
9718:Bailiwick of Jersey
9701:Lists of islands of
7999:Legislation of the
7391:Speenhamland system
6839:Acts of Parliament:
6834:List of parliaments
6563:Kingdom of Scotland
6536:Scottish Parliament
6532:The Treaty of Union
6501:. pp. 167–254.
6041:Rule, John (1992).
5873:. A. and C. Black.
5539:. Clarendon Press.
5493:Brumwell, Stephen;
5147:Knight, Roger J. B.
4563:, pp. 221–227.
4547:, pp. 259–270.
4517:, Greenwood Press,
4433:, pp. 183–191.
4139:, pp. 127–130.
4093:. New York: Harper.
4060:, pp. 180–212.
3948:, pp. 170–187.
3924:, pp. 146–149.
3770:27 May 2019 at the
3755:, pp. 287–306.
3731:, pp. 128–129.
3670:, pp. 271–287.
3553:The Daily Telegraph
3485:The Daily Telegraph
3474:"England – Profile"
3332:Hay, Denys (1968).
2870:; compensation and
2505:, representing the
2448:American Revolution
2386:William Wilberforce
2281:British involvement
2247:Glorious Revolution
1929:George I: 1714–1727
1923:Septennial Act 1715
1642:. The right of the
1546:Union of the Crowns
1522:Political structure
1500:Scottish Parliament
1482:and the subsequent
1336:Indian subcontinent
1301:Augustan literature
1276:. The campaigns of
1274:joint-stock company
1252:, particularly the
1235:Glorious Revolution
1185:Union of the Crowns
982:War of Jenkins' Ear
586:Kingdom of Scotland
196: /
9876:Kingdom of Ireland
9859:Kingdom of England
9606:Common Travel Area
9552:Crown Dependencies
9388:39 & 40 Geo. 3
9308:24 Geo. 3. Sess. 2
9303:24 Geo. 3. Sess. 1
9135:27 & 28 Geo. 2
7361:East India Company
6759:
6727:Panic of 1796–1797
6557:Kingdom of England
6470:Historical Journal
5375:Rose, John Holland
4024:Baxter, Stephen B.
3936:, pp. 72–89;
3709:, Crown Business,
3681:Broadie, Alexander
3595:Burns, William E.
3522:on 2 January 2012.
3299:legislation.gov.uk
3114:King, he, him, his
2819:
2732:East India Company
2725:
2630:defeated Loyalists
2468:British Parliament
2348:third Carnatic War
2216:
2213:Colossus of Rhodes
2052:
2026:Postmaster General
1978:
1911:Earl of Sunderland
1737:
1692:Kingdom of Ireland
1577:Acts of Union 1800
1569:Acts of Union 1707
1554:Kingdom of Ireland
1473:la Grande Bretagne
1403:Kingdom of Ireland
1395:Acts of Union 1800
1374:in the process of
1346:. In wars against
1340:East India Company
1242:Kingdom of Ireland
1224:line of succession
1176:—remained in use.
1130:Acts of Union 1707
1060:Haitian Revolution
572:Kingdom of England
520:Union with Ireland
289:Church of Scotland
158:Kingdom of Ireland
104:"God and my right"
10127:
10126:
10121:
10120:
10117:
10116:
10042:
10041:
9894:
9893:
9753:
9752:
9614:
9613:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9400:
9393:41 Geo. 3. (G.B.)
9223:8 Geo. 3. Sess. 2
7966:
7965:
7425:
7424:
7386:South Sea Company
6676:French and Indian
6594:
6593:
6583:Succeeded by
6517:978-0-521-15462-8
6114:(Subscription or
6063:978-0-465-01332-6
6033:978-0-140-13819-1
6003:978-0-333-48284-1
5976:(Subscription or
5919:978-0-8153-0396-1
5880:978-0-7136-1652-1
5861:Gutenberg edition
5854:978-0-530-51826-8
5830:978-0-19-921891-2
5808:978-0-19-822281-1
5786:978-0-7135-0235-0
5767:978-0-300-15280-7
5748:978-0-521-25729-9
5726:978-0-231-93374-2
5705:978-1-138-98791-3
5677:978-7-230-01144-0
5655:978-0-674-83350-0
5633:978-0-598-56207-4
5568:978-0-349-10667-0
5546:978-0-19-822842-4
5521:Watson, J. Steven
5508:978-0-304-34796-4
5485:978-1-317-07854-8
5352:978-0-86278-541-3
5345:. O'Brien Press.
5265:978-1-405-51321-0
5160:978-0-141-97702-7
5084:(94): 22–40, 31.
5061:978-0-902499-98-0
5048:Carter, Harold B.
5015:978-0-7710-6508-8
4990:978-0-7735-6668-2
4952:978-0-19-927164-1
4894:978-0-862-99725-0
4615:, pp. 28–33.
4591:978-0-521-07814-6
4461:978-0-333-36863-3
4386:978-1-907195-85-3
4349:978-0-230-30463-5
4275:978-0-8203-3124-9
4227:978-0-13-389974-0
4168:978-0-300-01746-5
4153:Duke of Newcastle
4037:978-0-520-04572-9
4009:, pp. 11–44.
3976:(Subscription or
3824:978-1-78159-031-7
3795:978-0-582-38247-3
3716:978-0-609-60635-3
3694:978-1-139-82656-3
3655:, pp. 11–43.
3641:Act of Union 1707
3629:Act of Union 1707
3577:Gascoigne, Bamber
3220:"National Anthem"
3116:were replaced by
2914:England and Wales
2868:Act of Union 1800
2823:French Revolution
2769:presidency armies
2752:Battle of Plassey
2721:Battle of Plassey
2600:History of Canada
2578:Wealth of Nations
2569:Thirteen Colonies
2530:George Washington
2515:Committee of Five
2507:Thirteen Colonies
2464:Thirteen Colonies
2412:Thirteen Colonies
2370:Church of England
2364:Church of England
2334:and the decisive
2074:Order of the Bath
1994:Duke of Newcastle
1907:Charles Townshend
1817:, and from Spain
1802:Treaty of Utrecht
1786:Holy Roman Empire
1364:Thirteen Colonies
1319:from the ancient
1270:South Sea Company
1110:
1109:
977:King George's War
918:Anglo-Mysore Wars
870:
869:
787:Mass surveillance
652:
651:
615:
614:
611:
610:
591:
590:
419:• 1783–1800
404:• 1721–1742
371:• 1760–1800
359:• 1727–1760
347:• 1714–1727
335:• 1707–1714
285:Church of England
126:
114:God Save the King
94:Dieu et mon droit
10212:
10205:Christian states
10079:Irish Travellers
9910:
9909:
9906:Modern languages
9903:
9902:
9854:Irish Free State
9811:Northern Ireland
9770:
9769:
9623:
9622:
9531:Northern Ireland
9509:Sovereign states
9505:
9504:
9432:
9425:
9418:
9409:
9408:
9176:
8988:
8905:
8854:
8853:
8840:
8812:
8780:
8744:
8720:
8688:
8652:
8616:
8576:
8540:
8508:
8472:
8436:
8404:
8364:
8348:
8328:
8312:
7993:
7986:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7480:
7465:
7458:
7451:
7442:
7441:
7429:
7428:
6827:House of Commons
6720:Jacobite risings
6632:
6631:
6630:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6597:
6596:
6571:
6568:
6554:Preceded by
6551:
6550:
6521:
6502:
6493:
6476:(4): 1005–1020.
6467:
6457:
6428:
6407:
6386:
6327:
6298:
6269:
6240:
6211:
6182:
6153:
6139:
6130:
6119:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6088:
6079:
6067:
6046:
6037:
6015:
6006:
5981:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5950:
5941:
5932:
5923:
5904:
5895:
5884:
5858:
5834:
5812:
5790:
5771:
5752:
5730:
5709:
5680:
5659:
5637:
5613:
5601:
5592:
5580:
5550:
5528:
5512:
5489:
5454:
5453:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5277:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5215:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5127:(4): 1146–1180.
5116:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5034:Companion Series
5026:
5020:
5019:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4976:
4970:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4570:
4564:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4440:
4434:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4156:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4113:
4104:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4020:Hatton, Ragnhild
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3973:
3955:
3949:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3847:
3841:
3840:, chapters 4, 8.
3835:
3829:
3828:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3781:
3775:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3697:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3523:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3425:
3419:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3245:Carey, Hilary M.
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3224:The Royal Family
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3193:The Royal Family
3185:
3168:
3165:
3156:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3127:
3121:
3097:
3010:Queen of Ireland
3002:Queen of England
2984:
2974:House of Hanover
2969:
2955:
2940:
2910:House of Commons
2876:Irish Parliament
2567:The loss of the
2526:Continental Army
2519:Thomas Jefferson
2379:Methodist Church
2328:Battle of Minden
2277:Seven Years' War
2271:Seven Years' War
2122:Cobham's faction
2118:George Grenville
2011:South Sea Bubble
2005:South Sea Bubble
1853:House of Hanover
1632:House of Commons
1328:Seven Years' War
1258:Hanoverian kings
1250:Jacobite risings
1233:, exiled in the
1217:
1216: 1702–1714
1215:
1183:since the 1603 "
1102:
1095:
1088:
1036:Seven Years' War
967:Queen Anne's War
913:Jacobite risings
895:
872:
871:
862:
855:
848:
834:
833:
832:
812:Military history
772:Economic history
732:Second World War
717:Edwardian period
712:Victorian period
679:
654:
653:
607:
606:
595:
594:
582:
581:
568:
567:
561:
560:
545:
544:
525:31 December 1800
471:House of Commons
428:
413:
391:
292:
240:
212:
211:
210:
208:
207:
206:
201:
200:51.500°N 0.117°W
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
154:
145:
128:
127:
102:
98:
97:
72:
58:
36:
35:
10220:
10219:
10215:
10214:
10213:
10211:
10210:
10209:
10185:Former kingdoms
10130:
10129:
10128:
10123:
10122:
10113:
10069:English Gypsies
10038:
10007:
9969:
9950:Scottish Gaelic
9931:
9890:
9842:
9784:
9761:
9749:
9696:
9692:Isles of Scilly
9633:Channel Islands
9610:
9574:
9546:
9496:
9441:
9436:
9406:
9397:
9174:
9169:
9000:1 Geo. 2. St. 2
8995:1 Geo. 2. St. 1
8986:
8981:
8947:7 Geo. 1. St. 2
8942:7 Geo. 1. St. 1
8917:1 Geo. 1. St. 2
8912:1 Geo. 1. St. 1
8903:
8898:
8849:
8843:
8815:
8783:
8747:
8723:
8691:
8655:
8619:
8579:
8543:
8511:
8475:
8439:
8407:
8367:
8351:
8331:
8315:
8303:
8296:
8294:
8288:
8011:
8003:
7997:
7967:
7962:
7481:
7476:
7469:
7434:
7426:
7421:
7400:
7371:Longitude prize
7349:
7313:
7292:
7259:
6805:
6760:
6748:
6686:Boston Massacre
6636:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6590:
6588:
6579:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6559:
6528:
6518:
6465:
6446:10.2307/1923211
6413:History Compass
6392:History Compass
6346:
6336:
6310:(53): 439–451.
6281:(62): 308–327.
6223:(60): 665–698.
6194:(59): 479–494.
6165:(58): 251–276.
6144:Williams, Basil
6113:
6105:
6103:
6064:
6056:. Basic Books.
6034:
6004:
5990:Stockwell, A.J.
5975:
5967:
5965:
5920:
5881:
5855:
5831:
5809:
5795:Daunton, Martin
5787:
5768:
5749:
5727:
5706:
5687:
5685:Further reading
5678:
5664:Williams, Basil
5656:
5634:
5600:(2nd ed.).
5569:
5555:James, Lawrence
5547:
5523:, eds. (1952),
5509:
5486:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5446:
5442:
5427:
5410:
5406:
5391:
5372:
5368:
5353:
5332:
5330:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5266:
5252:
5248:
5233:
5196:10.2307/3654412
5180:
5176:
5161:
5144:
5140:
5121:History Compass
5109:
5105:
5074:
5070:
5062:
5045:
5041:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5002:
4998:
4991:
4977:
4973:
4965:Maya Jasanoff,
4964:
4960:
4953:
4935:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4908:Pagden, Anthony
4905:
4901:
4895:
4887:, Alan Sutton,
4878:
4874:
4859:
4845:
4841:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4803:. Basic Books.
4792:
4788:
4777:
4773:
4759:
4755:
4744:
4740:
4725:
4711:
4707:
4692:
4678:
4674:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4592:
4571:
4567:
4559:, p. 288;
4555:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4525:
4508:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4480:
4476:
4462:
4441:
4437:
4421:
4417:
4406:
4402:
4387:
4369:
4365:
4350:
4329:
4325:
4311:10.2307/2709276
4295:
4291:
4276:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4228:
4214:
4210:
4188:
4184:
4169:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4038:
4017:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3956:
3952:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3901:
3887:Pagden, Anthony
3884:
3880:
3869:Trevelyan, G.M.
3866:
3862:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3782:
3778:
3772:Wayback Machine
3763:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3739:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3695:
3678:
3674:
3666:
3659:
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3623:
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3584:
3583:. History World
3574:
3570:
3561:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3537:on 15 May 2011.
3525:
3508:
3500:
3498:
3490:
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3472:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3454:
3442:
3432:. Vol. 3.
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3189:"Coats of Arms"
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3118:Queen, she, her
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2945:House of Stuart
2941:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2902:Lords Spiritual
2894:
2886:Main articles:
2884:
2862:Prime Minister
2849:
2837:Napoleonic Wars
2832:
2804:addressing the
2795:
2781:
2756:Battle of Buxar
2706:
2661:
2649:Main articles:
2647:
2602:
2596:
2565:
2550:Treaty of Paris
2492:Siege of Boston
2460:
2450:
2444:
2424:
2408:
2402:
2366:
2360:
2332:Battle of Lagos
2297:French invasion
2273:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2205:
2192:
2177:Cardinal Fleury
2157:
2147:
2099:The opposition
2061:
2034:Lord Sunderland
2013:
2007:
1967:
1957:
1944:Ragnhild Hatton
1931:
1855:
1841:
1827:G. M. Trevelyan
1774:
1768:
1751:Treaty of Union
1746:Treaty of Union
1738:
1725:
1720:
1670:As a result of
1668:
1666:Role of Ireland
1562:Channel Islands
1550:House of Stuart
1534:
1524:
1480:Treaty of Union
1417:
1411:
1368:New South Wales
1326:Victory in the
1317:classical Latin
1309:Augustan poetry
1231:House of Stuart
1212:
1197:King of Ireland
1193:King of England
1154:Channel Islands
1126:Treaty of Union
1118:sovereign state
1106:
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1009:
997:
996:
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830:
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823:
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807:Women's history
782:Law enforcement
766:
758:
757:
756:
727:Interwar period
722:First World War
700:Napoleonic Wars
695:Georgian period
689:
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648:
604:
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565:
522:
509:
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494:Treaty of Union
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7252:
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7232:
7231:
7230:
7223:Prime Minister
7220:
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7205:
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6856:
6851:
6846:
6836:
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6829:
6824:
6822:House of Lords
6813:
6811:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6751:
6749:
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6729:
6724:
6723:
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6712:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6662:External wars
6660:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6600:
6592:
6591:
6584:
6581:
6574:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6527:
6526:External links
6524:
6523:
6522:
6516:
6503:
6494:
6458:
6440:(4): 691–732.
6429:
6419:(8): 843–865.
6408:
6398:(3): 742–764.
6387:
6367:10.1086/385878
6335:
6334:Historiography
6332:
6331:
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6007:
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5982:
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5933:
5924:
5918:
5905:
5896:
5885:
5879:
5867:Langford, Paul
5863:
5853:
5835:
5829:
5813:
5807:
5791:
5785:
5772:
5766:
5753:
5747:
5731:
5725:
5710:
5704:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5660:
5654:
5638:
5632:
5614:
5606:Plumb, John H.
5602:
5593:
5585:Langford, Paul
5581:
5567:
5551:
5545:
5533:Hoppit, Julian
5529:
5513:
5507:
5490:
5484:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5440:
5425:
5404:
5389:
5366:
5351:
5318:
5291:(3): 885–894.
5281:Simms, Brendan
5264:
5246:
5231:
5184:Church History
5174:
5159:
5138:
5103:
5068:
5060:
5039:
5021:
5014:
4996:
4989:
4971:
4958:
4951:
4929:
4927:, p. 119.
4917:
4899:
4893:
4872:
4857:
4839:
4816:
4809:
4795:Simms, Brendan
4786:
4771:
4753:
4738:
4723:
4705:
4690:
4672:
4653:
4651:, p. 410.
4641:
4629:
4627:, p. 203.
4617:
4605:
4590:
4565:
4549:
4537:
4523:
4502:
4490:
4482:Robertson 1911
4474:
4460:
4435:
4415:
4400:
4385:
4363:
4348:
4323:
4305:(4): 601–614,
4289:
4274:
4252:
4240:
4226:
4208:
4198:(3): 262–297,
4182:
4167:
4141:
4129:
4096:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4036:
4011:
3999:
3983:
3950:
3926:
3914:
3899:
3878:
3860:
3853:, ed. (2003),
3842:
3830:
3823:
3801:
3794:
3776:
3757:
3745:
3743:, p. 147.
3733:
3721:
3715:
3701:Herman, Arthur
3693:
3683:, ed. (2003),
3672:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3568:
3540:
3465:
3452:
3420:
3373:on 27 May 2019
3358:
3343:
3324:
3309:
3284:
3272:
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3110:royal colonies
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3006:Queen of Scots
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2918:
2898:House of Lords
2883:
2880:
2848:
2845:
2831:
2828:
2780:
2777:
2705:
2702:
2646:
2643:
2598:Main article:
2595:
2592:
2564:
2561:
2538:Dutch Republic
2446:Main article:
2443:
2440:
2423:
2420:
2401:
2398:
2359:
2356:
2269:Main article:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2252:
2204:
2201:
2191:
2188:
2146:
2143:
2105:William Arnall
2060:
2057:
2009:Main article:
2006:
2003:
1986:Earl of Orford
1961:Robert Walpole
1956:
1953:
1930:
1927:
1915:Robert Walpole
1903:James Stanhope
1859:colonial power
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1790:King Louis XIV
1782:Dutch Republic
1767:
1764:
1759:ruling classes
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1667:
1664:
1648:Scottish peers
1636:House of Lords
1538:personal union
1523:
1520:
1516:United Kingdom
1447:Middle English
1410:
1407:
1344:colonial India
1332:British Empire
1313:Augustan prose
1305:Augustan drama
1291:and the term "
1266:Robert Walpole
1262:prime minister
1228:Roman Catholic
1181:personal union
1122:Western Europe
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
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1026:
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1002:
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792:Jewish history
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705:Regency period
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517:
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491:
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477:Historical era
474:
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456:House of Lords
453:
447:
444:
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438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
421:
418:
415:
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409:Robert Walpole
406:
403:
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392:
387:Prime Minister
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205:51.500; -0.117
175:
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168:in light green
155:
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29:United Kingdom
15:
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2:
10217:
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9847:Former states
9845:
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9812:
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9781:
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9773:Island groups
9771:
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9643:Great Britain
9641:
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9626:Island groups
9624:
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9439:British Isles
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8295:by parliament
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7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7473:Great Britain
7466:
7461:
7459:
7454:
7452:
7447:
7446:
7443:
7437:
7430:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
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7403:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
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7359:
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7352:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
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7328:
7326:
7323:
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7320:
7316:
7310:
7307:
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7302:
7301:
7299:
7295:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7271:Great Britain
7269:
7268:
7266:
7262:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:Patriot Whigs
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7218:Privy Council
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6755:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6656:Union of 1801
6654:
6652:
6651:Union of 1707
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6621:
6616:
6614:
6609:
6607:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6587:
6578:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6513:
6509:
6504:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6351:Black, Jeremy
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6252:(61): 67–83.
6251:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
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6141:
6137:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6121:
6117:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6048:
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6039:
6035:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6005:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5839:Hunt, William
5836:
5832:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5698:. Routledge.
5697:
5693:
5692:Black, Jeremy
5689:
5688:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5517:Costin, W. C.
5514:
5510:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5468:Black, Jeremy
5465:
5464:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5426:0-094-75540-X
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5390:0-837-14533-3
5386:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5344:
5328:
5322:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5232:0-300-05737-7
5228:
5224:
5220:
5219:Colley, Linda
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5190:(1): 98–131.
5189:
5185:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5107:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5072:
5063:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5035:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5011:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4962:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4896:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4881:Black, Jeremy
4876:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4810:9780465013326
4806:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4749:
4742:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4691:9780871138811
4687:
4683:
4676:
4668:
4664:
4663:Loades, David
4657:
4650:
4645:
4639:, p. 71.
4638:
4637:O'Gorman 1997
4633:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4613:Langford 1989
4609:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4562:
4561:Marshall 1974
4558:
4553:
4546:
4545:Williams 1962
4541:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4524:0-837-15333-6
4520:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4448:Black, Jeremy
4445:
4444:Black, Jeremy
4439:
4432:
4431:Marshall 1974
4428:
4424:
4423:Langford 1989
4419:
4412:, vol. 1
4411:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:Leonard, Dick
4327:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4250:, p. 68.
4249:
4244:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4145:
4138:
4137:Marshall 1974
4133:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4058:Williams 1962
4054:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4008:
4007:Williams 1962
4003:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3938:Williams 1962
3935:
3934:Marshall 1974
3930:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3900:0-812-96761-5
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3875:, p. 363
3874:
3870:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3851:Loades, David
3846:
3839:
3834:
3826:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3754:
3753:Williams 1962
3749:
3742:
3737:
3730:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3668:Williams 1962
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:Williams 1962
3649:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3598:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3469:
3462:
3459:Henry Paton,
3456:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3436:Great Britain
3431:
3424:
3417:
3402:
3387:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3258:9781139494090
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3164:
3162:
3152:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2954:
2946:
2939:
2930:
2929:Coats of arms
2917:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2827:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:Carnatic Wars
2746:) during the
2745:
2741:
2737:
2736:Mughal Empire
2733:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2639:
2638:New Brunswick
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:United States
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2478:began at the
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2436:New York City
2433:
2432:New Amsterdam
2428:
2419:
2417:
2416:British India
2413:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2238:Julian Hoppit
2234:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2129:Samuel Sandys
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2101:Country Party
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2085:John H. Plumb
2081:
2079:
2078:Houghton Hall
2075:
2070:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2049:Houghton Hall
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:Lord Stanhope
2027:
2023:
2017:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:landed gentry
1976:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:habeas corpus
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:standing army
1887:
1883:
1882:landed gentry
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1674:of 1495, the
1673:
1672:Poynings' Law
1663:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:English peers
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:Great Britain
1485:
1484:Acts of Union
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1458:Great Britain
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:Modern French
1438:(whence also
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:unitary state
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Great Britain
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Carnatic Wars
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:
954:
953:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
899:
898:
894:
890:
889:
885:
884:
879:
874:
873:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
844:
843:
841:
840:
837:
827:
826:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
762:
761:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
674:
673:
670:
667:
666:
661:
656:
655:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
624:
622:
620:Today part of
618:
602:
600:
597:
596:
593:
587:
584:
577:
576:
573:
570:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
515:
511:
508:
507:Acts of Union
502:
498:
495:
489:
485:
482:
479:
475:
472:
469:
466:
460:
457:
454:
451:
445:
442:
439:
435:
431:
425:
422:
416:
410:
407:
401:
397:
393:
388:
384:
380:
377:
374:
368:
365:
362:
356:
353:
350:
344:
341:
338:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
304:
301:
299:
295:
290:
286:
281:
280:Protestantism
278:
274:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
242:
236:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
215:
209:
179:
176:
172:
167:
163:
159:
153:
148:
144:
139:
137:
132:
115:
111:
107:
95:
89:
85:
79:
71:
63:
57:
49:
44:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:Great Britain
10104:Ulster-Scots
9870:
8816:
8784:
8748:
8724:
8692:
8656:
8620:
8580:
8544:
8512:
8476:
8440:
8408:
8368:
8352:
8332:
8316:
8304:
7478:1801–present
7472:
7297:Architecture
7255:Kit-Cat Club
6765:Royal houses
6666:Seven Years'
6633:
6576:
6572:– 1 May 1707
6507:
6498:
6473:
6469:
6437:
6433:
6416:
6412:
6395:
6391:
6361:(1): 26–53.
6358:
6354:
6307:
6303:
6278:
6274:
6249:
6245:
6220:
6216:
6191:
6187:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6135:
6125:
6106:22 September
6104:. Retrieved
6090:
6075:
6052:
6042:
6023:
6011:
5993:
5986:Porter, A.N.
5968:22 September
5966:. Retrieved
5952:
5937:
5928:
5909:
5900:
5890:
5870:
5843:
5820:
5817:Hilton, Boyd
5798:
5776:
5757:
5738:
5735:Cannon, John
5715:
5695:
5667:
5645:
5622:
5609:
5597:
5588:
5558:
5536:
5524:
5498:
5471:
5449:
5443:
5416:
5413:Ehrman, John
5407:
5379:
5369:
5342:
5331:. Retrieved
5321:
5288:
5284:
5255:
5249:
5222:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5150:
5141:
5124:
5120:
5115:. Routledge.
5112:
5106:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5051:
5042:
5030:
5024:
5005:
4999:
4980:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4942:
4932:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4884:
4875:
4848:
4842:
4825:
4819:
4799:
4789:
4780:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4747:
4741:
4714:
4708:
4681:
4675:
4666:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4608:
4577:
4568:
4552:
4540:
4514:
4505:
4493:
4477:
4451:
4438:
4418:
4409:
4403:
4372:
4366:
4335:
4326:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4261:
4255:
4243:
4217:
4211:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4152:
4144:
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4115:
4088:
4065:
4053:
4027:
4014:
4002:
3986:
3959:
3953:
3929:
3917:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3833:
3810:
3804:
3785:
3779:
3760:
3748:
3736:
3724:
3704:
3684:
3675:
3648:
3643:, Article 3.
3636:
3631:, Article 1.
3624:
3614:
3596:
3585:. Retrieved
3571:
3556:
3552:
3543:
3535:the original
3520:the original
3513:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:
3484:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3415:
3404:. Retrieved
3390:. Retrieved
3375:. Retrieved
3371:the original
3361:
3352:
3346:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3303:
3297:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3248:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3192:
3183:
3151:
3142:
3135:Anglo-Norman
3125:
3117:
3113:
3112:. The words
3108:for certain
3106:royal anthem
3102:proclamation
3095:
3056:Georgian era
3040:
3012:since 1702.
2999:
2895:
2861:
2850:
2833:
2820:
2813:
2812:'s painting
2810:Anton Hickel
2760:Robert Clive
2743:
2726:
2692:In 1787 the
2691:
2673:Joseph Banks
2662:
2634:Sierra Leone
2627:
2603:
2587:mercantilist
2576:
2566:
2558:
2523:
2500:
2484:British Army
2461:
2427:Mercantilism
2425:
2409:
2394:Clapham Sect
2383:
2367:
2325:
2274:
2244:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2193:
2181:
2158:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2114:William Pitt
2098:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2062:
2053:
2018:
2014:
1999:
1990:Henry Pelham
1979:
1973:Walpole, by
1949:
1940:
1935:Jeremy Black
1932:
1878:ruling class
1871:
1856:
1849:Georgian era
1811:Newfoundland
1775:
1739:
1669:
1660:
1613:
1566:
1535:
1515:
1511:
1497:
1488:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1388:
1356:Lower Canada
1325:
1321:Roman Empire
1299:. The term "
1289:Georgian era
1286:
1239:
1178:
1113:
1111:
1047:
1004:
972:Dummer's War
957:
797:LGBT history
554:Succeeded by
553:
548:
499:22 July 1706
481:Early modern
427:(last of GB)
134:
118:(since 1745)
109:
88:Motto:
87:
76:Coat of arms
33:
9993:Guernésiais
9838:Isle of Man
9723:Isle of Man
9670:Isle of Man
9570:Isle of Man
9455:Terminology
8850:regnal year
8297:and session
7325:Periodicals
6671:Jenkins Ear
6020:Porter, Roy
5495:Speck, W.A.
4762:Briggs, Asa
4649:Hoppit 2000
4574:Ward, A. W.
4425:, pp.
4070:Taylor 2008
3993:, pp.
3942:Hoppit 2000
3838:Hoppit 2000
3788:. Longman.
3501:31 December
3305:Britain..."
3203:19 November
3031:(1727–1760)
3025:(1714–1727)
3019:(1707–1714)
2694:First Fleet
2687:Lord Sydney
2682:James Matra
2390:Hannah More
2375:John Wesley
2309:Quebec City
2307:, captured
2283:in Europe,
2220:W. A. Speck
2110:Lord Cobham
1975:Arthur Pond
1898:Earl of Mar
1874:W. A. Speck
1792:of France.
1776:During the
1558:Isle of Man
1456:. The term
1372:First Fleet
1272:, an early
1170:English law
1150:Isle of Man
1136:(including
1041:Bourbon War
549:Preceded by
465:Lower house
450:Upper house
437:Legislature
203: /
162:Isle of Man
78:(1714—1800)
10134:Categories
10003:Sercquiais
9175:George III
7417:Royal arms
7376:Window tax
7318:Literature
7304:Queen Anne
7245:Whig Junto
7116:Elections:
6817:Parliament
6799:George III
6715:Jacobitism
6710:Whig plots
6570: 843
6118:required.)
6072:Speck, W.A
5980:required.)
5642:Speck, W.A
5561:. Abacus.
4925:James 1994
4858:0275967727
4724:0670034541
4717:. Viking.
4625:Speck 1977
4498:Black 2016
4484:, p.
4248:Plumb 1950
4122:16 January
3991:Black 2016
3980:required.)
3946:Speck 1977
3922:Speck 1977
3616:conference
3599:. p.
3175:References
3131:Old Norman
3071:Jacobitism
3035:George III
2927:Monarchs'
2908:) and the
2841:Royal Navy
2713:Lord Clive
2677:Botany Bay
2665:James Cook
2614:Quebec Act
2606:New France
2583:free trade
2573:Adam Smith
2546:George III
2452:See also:
2344:New France
2047:Walpole's
1794:Queen Anne
1742:Queen Anne
1733:Queen Anne
1548:under the
1433:Old French
1399:George III
1278:Jacobitism
1220:Protestant
1209:Queen Anne
1162:parliament
902:Other wars
777:Labour law
512:1 May 1707
376:George III
309:Government
298:Demonym(s)
229:Law French
9983:Auregnais
9619:Geography
9383:39 Geo. 3
9378:38 Geo. 3
9373:37 Geo. 3
9368:36 Geo. 3
9363:35 Geo. 3
9358:34 Geo. 3
9353:33 Geo. 3
9348:32 Geo. 3
9343:31 Geo. 3
9338:30 Geo. 3
9333:29 Geo. 3
9328:28 Geo. 3
9323:27 Geo. 3
9318:26 Geo. 3
9313:25 Geo. 3
9298:23 Geo. 3
9293:22 Geo. 3
9288:21 Geo. 3
9283:20 Geo. 3
9278:19 Geo. 3
9273:18 Geo. 3
9268:17 Geo. 3
9263:16 Geo. 3
9258:15 Geo. 3
9253:14 Geo. 3
9248:13 Geo. 3
9243:12 Geo. 3
9238:11 Geo. 3
9233:10 Geo. 3
9165:33 Geo. 2
9160:32 Geo. 2
9155:31 Geo. 2
9150:30 Geo. 2
9145:29 Geo. 2
9140:28 Geo. 2
9130:27 Geo. 2
9125:26 Geo. 2
9120:25 Geo. 2
9115:24 Geo. 2
9110:23 Geo. 2
9105:22 Geo. 2
9100:21 Geo. 2
9095:20 Geo. 2
9090:19 Geo. 2
9085:18 Geo. 2
9080:17 Geo. 2
9075:16 Geo. 2
9070:15 Geo. 2
9065:14 Geo. 2
9060:13 Geo. 2
9055:12 Geo. 2
9050:11 Geo. 2
9045:10 Geo. 2
8987:George II
8977:13 Geo. 1
8972:12 Geo. 1
8967:11 Geo. 1
8962:10 Geo. 1
8104:1760–1764
8099:1755–1759
8094:1750–1754
8089:1745–1749
8084:1740–1744
8079:1735–1739
8074:1730–1734
8069:1725–1729
8064:1720–1724
8059:1715–1719
7486:1707–1800
7471:Years in
7264:Geography
6929:1760–1764
6924:1755–1759
6919:1750–1754
6914:1745–1749
6909:1740–1744
6904:1735–1739
6899:1730–1734
6894:1725–1729
6889:1720–1724
6884:1715–1719
6794:George II
6490:159984575
6383:145307952
5992:(1989) ,
5841:(2019) .
5435:21936112M
5313:162840420
5274:34606684M
5212:146522059
5169:30961773M
5098:143682560
4700:24769108M
4395:36708739M
4358:37125742M
4284:29578545M
3321:, Ashgate
3267:27576009M
2872:patronage
2717:Mir Jafar
2645:Australia
2590:success.
2496:The Crown
2231:He was a
2169:Louis XIV
2069:sinecures
1819:Gibraltar
1714:in 1801.
1640:the Crown
1611:in 1714.
1493:Charles I
1436:Bretaigne
1429:Brittānia
1425:Britannia
1419:The name
1409:Etymology
1380:Australia
1280:ended in
1237:of 1688.
1174:Scots law
364:George II
276:Religion
46:1707–1800
10099:Scottish
9998:Jèrriais
9914:Germanic
9828:Guernsey
9816:Scotland
9738:Scotland
9685:Shetland
9648:Hebrides
9536:Scotland
9501:Politics
9490:Hibernia
9228:9 Geo. 3
9218:8 Geo. 3
9213:7 Geo. 3
9208:6 Geo. 3
9203:5 Geo. 3
9198:4 Geo. 3
9193:3 Geo. 3
9188:2 Geo. 3
9183:1 Geo. 3
9040:9 Geo. 2
9035:8 Geo. 2
9030:7 Geo. 2
9025:6 Geo. 2
9020:5 Geo. 2
9015:4 Geo. 2
9010:3 Geo. 2
9005:2 Geo. 2
8957:9 Geo. 1
8952:8 Geo. 1
8937:6 Geo. 1
8932:5 Geo. 1
8927:4 Geo. 1
8922:3 Geo. 1
8904:George I
7309:Georgian
7281:Scotland
7208:Monarchy
6810:Politics
6789:George I
6737:Scotland
6146:(1939).
6074:(1998).
6022:(1990).
5869:(1976).
5819:(2008).
5797:(1995).
5737:(1984).
5694:(2002).
5666:(1962),
5644:(1977).
5620:(1911).
5608:(1950).
5587:(1989).
5577:9642159M
5557:(1994).
5535:(2000).
5497:(2001).
5470:(2016).
5415:(1996).
5399:5756027M
5377:(1911).
5333:23 April
5241:1711290M
5221:(1992).
5149:(2013).
4910:(1998).
4883:(1991),
4834:5951089M
4797:(2008).
4764:(1959).
4733:3426544M
4600:7716876M
4533:5703043M
4513:(1936),
4470:2348433M
4334:(2010).
4236:2863417M
4177:5069181M
4046:3505103M
3909:3702796M
3889:(2003).
3871:(1942),
3768:Archived
3703:(2001),
3247:(2011).
3197:Archived
3045:See also
2920:Monarchs
2906:Temporal
2830:Napoleon
2698:convicts
2528:general
2352:enclaves
2173:Louis XV
1834:Britain.
1829:argued:
1784:and the
1622:and the
1591:and the
1560:and the
1469:Brittany
1465:Bretagne
1454:Breteyne
1450:Bretayne
1443:Bretagne
1293:Georgian
1203:and the
1152:and the
1142:Scotland
878:a series
876:Part of
817:Taxation
687:Timeline
660:a series
658:Part of
637:Scotland
534:Currency
390:(select)
352:George I
101:(French)
10064:English
10059:Cornish
10054:British
9975:Romance
9945:Cornish
9922:English
9899:Society
9806:England
9796:Ireland
9780:Ireland
9764:outline
9759:History
9733:England
9713:Ireland
9665:Ireland
9526:England
9517:Ireland
9480:Britain
9475:Prydain
8894:13 Ann.
8889:12 Ann.
8884:10 Ann.
8848:Acts by
8012:by year
7405:Symbols
7276:England
6784:Hanover
6641:History
6454:1923211
5461:Sources
5361:403106M
5305:2639908
5204:3654412
4450:(ed.),
4319:2709276
4159:254–260
4026:(ed.),
3587:18 July
3406:18 July
3392:18 July
3377:18 July
2853:Ireland
2847:Ireland
2806:Commons
2723:in 1757
2608:became
2490:in the
2434:(later
2120:joined
2087:wrote:
2064:Walpole
1823:Menorca
1718:History
1544:. This
1542:James I
1421:Britain
1191:became
1187:" when
1164:at the
1134:England
632:England
518:•
505:•
492:•
463:•
448:•
412:(first)
321:Monarch
303:British
267:Cornish
224:English
188:51°30′N
174:Capital
112: "
110:Anthem:
10047:People
10034:Shelta
9988:French
9937:Celtic
9833:Jersey
9680:Orkney
9565:Jersey
9465:Albion
8879:9 Ann.
8874:8 Ann.
8869:7 Ann.
8864:6 Ann.
7240:Tories
6772:Stuart
6514:
6488:
6452:
6381:
6375:175553
6373:
6324:549205
6322:
6295:548655
6293:
6266:549509
6264:
6237:548535
6235:
6208:549078
6206:
6179:548451
6177:
6112:
6060:
6030:
6000:
5974:
5916:
5877:
5851:
5827:
5805:
5783:
5764:
5745:
5723:
5702:
5674:
5652:
5630:
5575:
5565:
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5482:
5433:
5423:
5397:
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5359:
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5311:
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5272:
5262:
5239:
5229:
5210:
5202:
5167:
5157:
5096:
5058:
5012:
4987:
4969:(2012)
4949:
4891:
4867:40897M
4865:
4855:
4832:
4807:
4731:
4721:
4698:
4688:
4598:
4588:
4531:
4521:
4468:
4458:
4393:
4383:
4356:
4346:
4317:
4282:
4272:
4234:
4224:
4175:
4165:
4044:
4034:
3974:
3907:
3897:
3821:
3792:
3713:
3691:
3565:. BBC.
3265:
3255:
3229:4 June
3008:, and
2791:, and
2773:sepoys
2764:Bengal
2669:voyage
2657:, and
2610:Quebec
2594:Canada
2540:, and
2536:, the
2534:France
2488:Boston
2315:, and
2024:, the
1913:, and
1909:, the
1851:, and
1815:Acadia
1638:, and
1634:, the
1502:, the
1445:) and
1348:France
1156:. The
1140:) and
1116:was a
880:on the
765:Topics
662:on the
394:
325:
178:London
160:, the
99:
10109:Welsh
10074:Irish
10012:Other
9965:Welsh
9955:Irish
9927:Scots
9821:Wales
9743:Wales
9658:Outer
9653:Inner
9541:Wales
9470:Cymru
9450:Names
7354:Other
7286:Wales
7235:Whigs
7213:Peers
6486:S2CID
6466:(PDF)
6450:JSTOR
6379:S2CID
6371:JSTOR
6320:JSTOR
6291:JSTOR
6262:JSTOR
6233:JSTOR
6204:JSTOR
6175:JSTOR
5859:also
5476:44–45
5309:S2CID
5301:JSTOR
5208:S2CID
5200:JSTOR
5094:S2CID
4427:54–57
4315:JSTOR
4268:–51.
4112:(PDF)
3995:44–45
3815:22–25
3611:(PDF)
3087:Notes
2728:India
2704:India
2542:Spain
2285:India
1352:Upper
1138:Wales
642:Wales
252:Welsh
247:Scots
191:0°7′W
10089:Manx
10084:Kale
9960:Manx
9485:Éire
9460:Alba
8857:Anne
8293:Acts
8284:1800
8279:1799
8274:1798
8269:1797
8264:1796
8259:1795
8254:1794
8249:1793
8244:1792
8239:1791
8234:1790
8229:1789
8224:1788
8219:1787
8214:1786
8209:1785
8204:1784
8199:1783
8194:1782
8189:1781
8184:1780
8179:1779
8174:1778
8169:1777
8164:1776
8159:1775
8154:1774
8149:1773
8144:1772
8139:1771
8134:1770
8129:1769
8124:1768
8119:1767
8114:1766
8109:1765
8054:1714
8049:1713
8044:1712
8039:1711
8034:1710
8029:1709
8024:1708
8019:1707
8009:Acts
7958:1800
7953:1799
7948:1798
7943:1797
7938:1796
7933:1795
7928:1794
7923:1793
7918:1792
7913:1791
7908:1790
7903:1789
7898:1788
7893:1787
7888:1786
7883:1785
7878:1784
7873:1783
7868:1782
7863:1781
7858:1780
7853:1779
7848:1778
7843:1777
7838:1776
7833:1775
7828:1774
7823:1773
7818:1772
7813:1771
7808:1770
7803:1769
7798:1768
7793:1767
7788:1766
7783:1765
7778:1764
7773:1763
7768:1762
7763:1761
7758:1760
7753:1759
7748:1758
7743:1757
7738:1756
7733:1755
7728:1754
7723:1753
7718:1752
7713:1751
7708:1750
7703:1749
7698:1748
7693:1747
7688:1746
7683:1745
7678:1744
7673:1743
7668:1742
7663:1741
7658:1740
7653:1739
7648:1738
7643:1737
7638:1736
7633:1735
7628:1734
7623:1733
7618:1732
7613:1731
7608:1730
7603:1729
7598:1728
7593:1727
7588:1726
7583:1725
7578:1724
7573:1723
7568:1722
7563:1721
7558:1720
7553:1719
7548:1718
7543:1717
7538:1716
7533:1715
7528:1714
7523:1713
7518:1712
7513:1711
7508:1710
7503:1709
7498:1708
7493:1707
7412:Flag
7228:list
7201:1796
7196:1790
7191:1784
7186:1780
7181:1774
7176:1768
7171:1761
7166:1754
7161:1747
7156:1741
7151:1734
7146:1727
7141:1722
7136:1715
7131:1713
7126:1710
7121:1708
7109:1800
7104:1799
7099:1798
7094:1797
7089:1796
7084:1795
7079:1794
7074:1793
7069:1792
7064:1791
7059:1790
7054:1789
7049:1788
7044:1787
7039:1786
7034:1785
7029:1784
7024:1783
7019:1782
7014:1781
7009:1780
7004:1779
6999:1778
6994:1777
6989:1776
6984:1775
6979:1774
6974:1773
6969:1772
6964:1771
6959:1770
6954:1769
6949:1768
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6939:1766
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6869:1712
6864:1711
6859:1710
6854:1709
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6844:1707
6777:Anne
6512:ISBN
6342:and
6108:2017
6058:ISBN
6028:ISBN
5998:ISBN
5970:2017
5914:ISBN
5875:ISBN
5849:ISBN
5825:ISBN
5803:ISBN
5781:ISBN
5762:ISBN
5743:ISBN
5721:ISBN
5700:ISBN
5672:ISBN
5650:ISBN
5628:ISBN
5563:ISBN
5541:ISBN
5503:ISBN
5480:ISBN
5421:ISBN
5385:ISBN
5347:ISBN
5335:2010
5260:ISBN
5227:ISBN
5155:ISBN
5056:ISBN
5010:ISBN
4985:ISBN
4947:ISBN
4889:ISBN
4853:ISBN
4805:ISBN
4719:ISBN
4686:ISBN
4586:ISBN
4519:ISBN
4456:ISBN
4381:ISBN
4344:ISBN
4270:ISBN
4222:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4124:2020
4032:ISBN
3895:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3790:ISBN
3711:ISBN
3689:ISBN
3589:2011
3503:2010
3408:2011
3394:2011
3379:2011
3253:ISBN
3231:2016
3205:2018
3133:and
2904:and
2890:and
2802:Pitt
2754:and
2456:and
2388:and
2275:The
2233:Whig
2153:and
2116:and
2032:and
1963:and
1880:and
1821:and
1813:and
1696:King
1530:and
1478:The
1354:and
1311:and
1195:and
1172:and
1112:The
340:Anne
262:Norn
164:and
62:Flag
6478:doi
6442:doi
6421:doi
6400:doi
6363:doi
6312:doi
6283:doi
6254:doi
6225:doi
6196:doi
6167:doi
6097:doi
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