1724:
vary, depending upon peoples' occupations, virtue-levels, etc. However, noting that only citizens have the salvation (common good) of the city at heart, Aristotle argues that, regardless of form of government, those who have more of a rational understanding of the needs of the state's salvation, are entitled to a greater share in administering and determining justice, within the light of its common good, than those who have less, or no such understanding or concern for it, such as selfish despots and political factions, as well as uneducated artisans and freedmen, women and children, slaves, etc. More than this, Aristotle argues that rational discourse itself is what the state's Common Good relies upon, identifying those who lack it as "slaves by nature", while those who excel in it are nearly divine, possessing in themselves the whole purpose for which states exist, namely, the perfectly complete good/blessed life. In his
1843:, Rawls defends two particular principles of justice by arguing that these are the positions reasonable persons would choose were they to choose principles from behind a veil of ignorance. Such a "veil" is one that essentially blinds people to all facts about themselves so they cannot tailor principles to their own advantage. According to Rawls, ignorance of these details about oneself will lead to principles that are fair to all. If an individual does not know how he will end up in his own conceived society, he is likely not going to privilege any one class of people, but rather develop a scheme of justice that treats all fairly. In particular, Rawls claims that those in the original position would all adopt a
3681:
2193:
2129:(sometimes called "positive political theory") applies microeconomic methodology to the study of political science in order to explain how private interests inform political activities. Whereas welfare economics, in line with classical political economy, typically assumes a public-interest perspective on policymaking, public choice analysis adopts a private-interest perspective in order to identify how the objectives of policymakers affect policy outcomes. Public choice analysis thus diagnoses deviations from the common good resulting from activities such as
2212:, the common good is taken to be a regulative ideal. In other words, participants in democratic deliberation aim at the realization of the common good. This feature distinguishes deliberative democracy from aggregative conceptions of democracy, which focus solely on the aggregation of preferences. In contrast to aggregative conceptions, deliberative democracy emphasizes the processes by which agents justify political claims on the basis of judgments about the common good.
3259:
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that no such thing as the 'public interest' exists, aside from the subjective (and hence dubious) claims of self-proclaimed saviors." Thus, Riker defends a "liberal" conception of democracy, which centers on the role of constitutional checks on government. Public choice theorists have tended to share this approach. Buchanan and
Tullock pursued this program in developing the field of "constitutional political economy" in their book
1817:, composed in the mid-18th century, Rousseau argues that society can function only to the extent that individuals have interests in common, and that the end goal of any state is the realization of the common good. He further posits that the common good can be identified and implemented only by heeding the general will of a political community, specifically as expressed by that community's sovereign. Rousseau maintains that the
2090:, an important result in social choice theory, states that no aggregative mechanism of collective choice (restricted to ordinal inputs) can consistently transform individual preferences into a collective preference-ordering, across the universal domain of possible preference profiles, while also satisfying a set of minimal normative criteria of rationality and fairness. The
3553:
on public or common goods and large social externalities with clear economic foundation for health interventions based on market failures. The common goods for health must produce enormous health benefits to communities and not financed through market forces. Examples of common goods for health are risk surveillance, disease control policies and strategies,
1822:
desires, the former is the "one will which is directed towards their common preservation and general well-being." Political authority, to
Rousseau, should be understood as legitimate only if it exists according to the general will and toward the common good. The pursuit of the common good, then, enables the state to act as a moral community.
3330:. Book XIX of this, the main locus of Augustine's normative political thought, is focused on the question, 'Is the good life social?' In other words, 'Is human wellbeing found in the good of the whole society, the common good?' Chapters 5–17 of Book XIX address this question. Augustine's emphatic answer is yes (see start of chap. 5).
1573:
a given community: particular substantive conceptions will specify precisely what factors or values are beneficial and shared. According to procedural formulations, by contrast, the common good consists of the outcome that is achieved through collective participation in the formation of a shared will. It is when one another
1719:) as the basis for his distinction between his three "right" constitutions, which are in the common interest, and "wrong" constitutions, which are in the interest of rulers. To Aristotle, Plato is wrong about the desire to simply impose top-down unity; for Aristotle, a common good is synthesized upwardly/
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left to describe their values. Jonathan
Dolhenty argues that one should distinguish in American politics between the common good, which may "be shared wholly by each individual in the family without its becoming a private good for any individual family member", and the collective good, which, "though
2040:
to illustrate how cooperation can result in superior welfare outcomes. Moreover, a cooperative equilibrium is stable in an iterated
Prisoner's dilemma that is played for an indefinite period of time. Under these conditions, an individual does best by pursuing the course of action that is also optimal
2031:
studies social well-being. The approach begins with the specification of a social welfare function. The choice of a social welfare function is rooted in an ethical theory. A utilitarian social welfare function weights the well-being of each individual equally, while a
Rawlsian social welfare function
1821:
always tends toward the common good, though he concedes that democratic deliberations of individuals will not always express the general will. Furthermore, Rousseau distinguished between the general will and the will of all, stressing that while the latter is simply the sum total of each individual's
1799:
Machiavelli argues that an impressive level of common good can be achieved by sufficiently autocratic rulers. Nevertheless, Machiavelli's common good can be viewed as acting for the good of the majority, even if that means to oppress others through the endeavor. Machiavelli's common good is viewed by
3552:
Common goods for health (CGH) can be defined as population-related interventions or activities that require cumulative finances from either donors or government on the basis of two conditions. The first condition is contribution in economic progress and health. The second condition includes emphasis
1847:
strategy which would maximize the prospects of the least well-off individual or group. In this sense, Rawls's understanding of the common good is intimately tied with the well-being of the least advantaged. Rawls claims that the parties in the original position would adopt two governing principles,
1572:
has been used in many disparate ways and escapes a single definition. Most philosophical conceptions of the common good fall into one of two families: substantive and procedural. According to substantive conceptions, the common good is that which is shared by and beneficial to all or most members of
1794:
freedom, safety and dignity are explicitly stated to be elements of the common good and some form of property and family life are also implied. Furthermore, the common good brought by freedom includes wealth, economic prosperity, security, enjoyment and good life. However, though
Machiavelli speaks
1658:
Though these thinkers differed significantly in their views of what the common good consists in, as well as over what the state should do to promote it, they nonetheless agreed that the common good is the end of government, that it is a good of all the citizens, and that no government should become
2100:
articulates the standard public choice interpretation of social choice theory, arguing that Arrow's
Impossibility Theorem "forces us to doubt that the content of 'social welfare' or the 'public interest' can ever be discovered by amalgamating individual value judgments. It even leads us to suspect
1728:
then, Aristotle ties up the Common Good of the state, with that of friendship, implying by this, that friendly, rational discourse is the primary activity by which citizens and rulers bring about the Common Good, both amongst themselves, and so far as it involves their inferiors. According to one
1723:
from the lesser goods of individuals, and their various kinds of larger-and-larger partnerships: marital couple, or parent-over-child, or master-over-slave; household; then village; then state. In this teleological view, the good stems from objective facts about human life and purpose, which may
2071:), "a shorthand signal for shared benefit at a societal level". In a non-economic sense, the term is often used to describe something that is useful for the public generally, such as education, although this is not a "public good" in the economic sense. However, services like education exhibit
1737:
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the common good was one of several important themes of political thought in
Renaissance Florence. The thought goes back to Thomas Aquinas theory of common good being widespread in whole premodern Europe. In a later work, Niccolò Machiavelli speaks of the
3543:
in an increasingly interdependent world, education and knowledge should thus be considered global common goods. This means that the creation of knowledge, its control, acquisition, validation, and use, are common to all people as a collective social endeavour.
2114:, for instance, argues that a range of social choice mechanisms emerge unscathed given certain reasonable restrictions on the domain of admissible preference profiles. In particular, requiring that preferences are single-peaked on a single dimension ensures a
1880:, which on most interpretations stresses the importance of the subordination of individual interests to group or collective interests, or at the very least, the mutual dependence between the flourishing of the individual and the flourishing of the group. In
2035:
Neoclassical economic theory provides two conflicting lenses for thinking about the genesis of the common good, two distinct sets of microfoundations. On one view, the common good arises due to social gains from cooperation. Such a view might appeal to the
1697:, rather than one of Plato's four lesser goods: honor-seeking, money-making, pleasure-seeking, or empassioned addiction. For Plato, the best political order is one in which the entire society submits to the dictates of the leaders' faculty of Reason, even
2075:, i.e. the situation in which the cost of supplying a good to many users is the same, or nearly the same, as supplying it to one user. Public goods also exhibit jointness of supply, albeit with no diminishment of the benefits with increased consumption.
4597:
Konstantin
Langmaier, Dem Land Ere und Nucz, Frid und Gemach: Das Land als Ehr-, Nutz- und Friedensgemeinschaft: Ein Beitrag zur Diskussion um den Gemeinen Nutzen. In: . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Band 103, 2016, S.
1701:
holding possessions, wives, and children in common, creating a "cohesion and unity" that "result from the common feelings of pleasure and pain which you get when all members of a society are glad or sorry for the same successes and failures."
3536:, among others, have identified the common good as a salient political message for progressive candidates. In addition, non-partisan advocacy groups like Common Good are championing political reform efforts to support the common good.
1659:
the "perverted servant of special interests", whether these special interests be understood as
Aristotle's "interest of the rulers", Locke's "private good", Hume's and Madison's "interested factions", or Rousseau's "particular wills".
3569:
After the 1950s, the government increasingly began to see the concept of addressing mutual issues for the benefit of the citizens, but it has yet to be completely adopted and will be much more compatible with appropriate expenditure.
1839:, Rawls argues for a principled reconciliation of liberty and equality, applied to the basic structure of a well-ordered society, which will specify exactly such general conditions. Starting with an artificial device he calls the
3565:
In the mid-20th century, the elites displayed a motivation for the common goods that was intended for health, and decisions were based on the elite rather than the public, since there was no public interest in the issue.
3512:
possessed by all as a group, is not really participated in by the members of a group. It is actually divided up into several private goods when apportioned to the different individual members." First described by
5235:
1856:
provides that social and economic inequalities are to be arranged such that "(a) they are to be of the greatest benefit to the least-advantaged members of society, consistent with the just savings principle"
1906:), especially as it relates to modern Islamic conceptions of tolerance, equality, and citizenship: according to some, for instance, universal principles carry greater weight than specific injunctions of the
3414:
later gives statements that communicate what can be seen as a partly different, more classical, sense of the concept – as not only "social conditions" that enable persons to reach fulfilment, but as the
2153:
whereby rational individuals prefer to abstain from voting, because the marginal cost exceeds the private marginal benefit. Downs argues further that voters generally prefer to remain uninformed due to
1450:, or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action, and active participation in the realm of politics and public service. The concept of the common good differs significantly among
5263:
3426:
he common good the good of all people and of the whole person... The human person cannot find fulfilment in himself, that is, apart from the fact that he exists "with" others and "for" others
1729:
common contemporary usage, rooted in Aristotle's philosophy, common good then refers to "a good proper to, and attainable, only by the community, yet individually shared in, by its members."
5499:
2877:
1629:
declared that "the peace, safety, and public good of the people" are the goals of political society, and further argued that "the well being of the people shall be the supreme law";
1470:
remains in common usage today, referring to what one contemporary scholar calls the "good proper to, and attainable only by, the community, yet individually shared by its members."
1689:
contends repeatedly that a particular common goal exists in politics and society, and that that goal is the same as the goal for a flourishing human being, namely, to be a
5019:
Satterthwaite, Mark Allen (1975). "Strategy-proofness and Arrow's conditions: Existence and correspondence theorems for voting procedures and social welfare functions".
3486:(as described in paragraph 98 to 100), given that truth extends from honesty, good faith, and sincerity in general, to agreement with fact or reality in particular. In
5231:
1608:) as the basis for his distinction between "right" constitutions, which are in the common interest, and "wrong" constitutions, which are in the interest of rulers;
5321:
1884:, many modern thinkers have identified conceptions of the common good while endeavoring to ascertain the fundamental or universal principles underlying divine
1770:), which refers to the general well-being of a community as a whole; however, he mentions this term only 19 times throughout his works. In key passages of the
5281:
3314:: "Do not live entirely isolated, having retreated into yourselves, as if you were already justified, but gather instead to seek together the common good."
4927:
Public Administration and the Public Interest' in G.L. Wamsley and J.F.Wolf (eds), Refounding Public Administration: Modern Paradoxes. Postmodern Challenges
1795:
of an instrumental relationship between freedom and common good, the general well-being is not precisely identical with political freedom: elsewhere in the
1594:
Under one name or another, the common good has been a recurring theme throughout the history of political philosophy. As one contemporary scholar observes,
5256:
5253:
3399:
indicates 'the sum total of social conditions which allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfilment more fully and more easily
1637:
wrote of the "public", "common", or "general" good as closely tied with justice and declared that justice is the end of government and civil society; and
1900:, in modern terminology). A notion of the common good arises in contemporary Islamic discussions of the distinction between the fixed and the flexible (
2044:
On the other hand, economic theory typically points to social gains from competition as a rationale for the use of markets. Thus, Smith described the "
2110:
More recent work in social choice theory, however, has demonstrated that Arrow's impossibility result can be obviated at little or no normative cost.
7372:
4940:
Morrell K, Harrington-Buhay N (2012). "What is governance in the public interest? The case of the 1995 property forum in post-conflict Nicaragua".
1848:
which would then regulate the assignment of rights and duties and regulate the distribution of social and economic advantages across society. The
1852:
states that "First: each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others". The
1633:
contended that "social conventions" are adopted and given moral support in virtue of the fact that they serve the "public" or "common" interest;
1405:
2048:," whereby the mechanism of the market converts individuals' self-interested activity into gains for society. This insight is formalized in the
5526:
3689:
3490:, Pope Francis links the "common good" to the "integral ecology" which is a core element of his appeal for greater care for "our common home".
2837:
3362:, issued in 1891. This addressed the crisis of the conditions of industrial workers in Europe and argued for a position different from both
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The concept of common good developed through the work of political theorists, moral philosophers, and public economists, including
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2165:'s study of schemes for the regulation of common property resources resulted in the discovery of mechanisms for overcoming the
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2056:, including the underprovision of public goods by markets and the failure of self-interested individuals to internalize
1944:. A common good is simply non-excludable. A simple typology illustrates the differences between various kinds of goods:
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2807:
2094:
further demonstrates that non-dictatorial voting systems are inevitably subject to strategic manipulation of outcomes.
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1273:
1083:
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to the study of political science in order to explain how private interests affect political activities and outcomes.
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3428:" (#165; italics original). "The goal of life in society is in fact the historically attainable common good" (#168).
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aims to understand processes by which the common good may or may not be realized in societies through the study of
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some scholars as not as "common", as he frequently states that the end of republics is to crush their neighbors.
2817:
2584:
1888:. These fundamentals or universal principles have been largely identified with the "objectives" of the shari‘a (
7346:
7199:
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1709:, considered by many to be the father of the idea of a common good, uses the concept of "the common interest" (
1391:
237:
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1158:
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7259:
6481:
5512:
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3243:
2822:
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defines the common good as "certain general conditions that are ... equally to everyone's advantage". In his
528:
5058:
Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice
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20:
3526:, the American political understanding of the common good has grown in recent times. The liberal magazine
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One of the earliest references in Christian literature to the concept of the common good is found in the
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drew attention to these two partly different understandings of the common good in its 2009 publication,
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2300:
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There is an important conceptual difference between the sense of "a" public good, or public "goods" in
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3745:"An Alternative View of the European Idea of the Common Good: Bentham's Mathematical Model of Utility"
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2067:, and the more generalized idea of "the public good" (in the sense of common good, public benefit, or
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1226:
1221:
1216:
1118:
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96:
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2060:. Because of these factors, purely self-interested behaviour often detracts from the common good.
1537:. Such a social welfare function, in turn, would be rooted in a moral theory of the good (such as
473:
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6075:
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3507:, language of the common good (or public wealth) is sometimes adopted by political actors on the
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159:
71:
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Bulliet, R. & Bowering, G. & Cook, D. & Crone, P. & Kadi, W. & Euben, R. L..
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778:
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262:
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189:
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375:
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Against that background, the common good became a central concept in the modern tradition of
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3341:. Aquinas's conception of the common good became standard in Roman Catholic moral theology.
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1671:, the Common Good was the flourishing of the hierarchical network of people, known as the
8:
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argues that public goods will tend to be underprovided due to individuals' incentives to
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5001:
4779:
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3790:
3444:
3326:
3318:
2852:
2614:
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2155:
2142:
1910:, and in case of conflict, can even supersede or suspend explicit textual injunctions (
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5187:
Elster, Jon (2002). "The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political Theory".
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1861:); and "(b) offices and positions must be open to everyone under conditions of 'fair
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Contemporary Catholic social teaching on the common good is summarised in the 2004
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1675:(one's city, or state). The phrase "common good" then, does not appear in texts of
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Public choice scholarship can have more constructive applications. For instance,
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4372:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.4-5. (1277a19-33, 1277b34-1278a14)
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provided an application of this logic to the theory of voting, identifying the
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5204:
Democratic Reason: Politics, Collective Intelligence, and the Rule of the Many
4529:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.6, 9. (1278b24, 1280a32, 1280b33)
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5921:
3949:
Diggs, B. J. (1973-01-01). "The Common Good as Reason for Political Action".
3811:
Diggs, B. J. (1973-01-01). "The Common Good as Reason for Political Action".
3667:
3508:
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2146:
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1980:
1958:
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1446:) is either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given
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Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics . The Internet Classics Archive; available at
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5826:
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4984:
Gibbard, Allan (1973). "Manipulation of voting schemes: A general result".
4045:
4022:"The Concepts of Common Good and Public Interest: From Plato to Biobanking"
3685:
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66:
5500:
The common good in Catholic Social Teaching: exposition at VPlater project
5161:
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
3470:, Pope John Paul describes the characteristics and virtues that political
16:
What is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community
6968:
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5720:
5689:
5554:
4347:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.6-7. (1279a16-20, 1279b4-10)
3602:
3395:(1965), this says, "According to its primary and broadly accepted sense,
3375:
2987:
2699:
2679:
2424:
2379:
2305:
2240:
2111:
2015:
1557:
833:
773:
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668:
463:
395:
121:
116:
3258:
2216:, a leading contemporary approach to deliberative democracy, advances a
1376:
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6600:
6491:
6333:
6276:
6253:
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678:
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523:
468:
370:
315:
194:
179:
3773:
Dupré, Louis (5 August 2009). "The Common Good and the Open Society".
7049:
6988:
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5861:
5816:
5796:
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5589:
5549:
4696:
Machiavelli's New Modes and Orders: A Study of the Discourses on Livy
3367:
3334:
3203:
3198:
3163:
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2000:
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808:
488:
184:
76:
5084:
5071:
Sen, Amartya (1966). "A Possibility Theorem on Majority Decisions".
4997:
4021:
3374:
while insisting on the role of collective bargaining to establish a
7324:
6903:
6640:
6233:
6198:
6172:
6152:
6105:
5916:
5871:
5755:
5659:
5649:
5614:
5584:
4392:
4322:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book VII.8-9. (1328b33-1329a40)
3962:
3824:
3580:
3333:
Augustine's understanding was taken up and, under the influence of
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3452:, issued in 1993 to combat the relaxation of moral norms and the
3208:
3158:
1578:
1574:
5339:"Reclaiming the Common Good | Center for American Progress"
4579:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book VIII.11-12. (1160a8-30)
2118:. Moreover, many of Riker's empirical claims have been refuted.
1949:
Goods § Goods classified by exclusivity and competitiveness
1584:
6110:
5911:
5699:
5674:
5664:
5634:
5619:
4219:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book I.2. (1252a24-1253a38)
2832:
2320:
2248:
1885:
1694:
330:
4169:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book VIII.10. (1160a31-35)
6140:
5629:
5564:
5257:
In Search of a Universal Ethic: A New Look at the Natural Law
4272:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.13. (1284b25-35)
3437:
In Search of a Universal Ethic: A New Look at the Natural Law
3416:
2351:
2032:
only considers the welfare of the least well-off individual.
1907:
1894:), including concepts of the common good or public interest (
1871:
1710:
1676:
1622:
1599:
1463:
4554:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book VIII.9. (1160a8-30)
4244:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.4. (1276b28-31)
4194:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book II.1-2. (1261a4-23)
1936:
have technical definitions. A public good is a good that is
1513:, and many other thinkers. In contemporary economic theory,
6135:
5559:
4619:
Waldemar, Hanasz (2010). "The common good in Machiavelli".
4141:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book IV.2. (1289a27-37)
3695:
Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good?
3597:
4491:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book X.7. (1177b15-35)
4297:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book III.9. (1281a2-8)
3439:. It referred to them as "two levels" of the common good.
5704:
5599:
4416:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book I.2. (1253a7-17)
4158:
4156:
4130:
4128:
3557:
and public health emergency operation response services.
3456:(see paragraph 98) that affects millions of persons, and
4824:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought.
4731:
Rawls, p.53 revised edition; p.60 old 1971 first edition
4466:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book I.13. (1260a13)
4939:
4441:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book I.5. (1254b20)
1454:. Early conceptions of the common good were set out by
4153:
4125:
1010:
4740:
Rawls, 1971, p. 302; revised edition, p. 53
4098:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book V. 462b-465b
4896:
Morrell K (2009). "Governance and the public good".
1529:
common good, by contrast, arises in the subfield of
5437:
Rethinking Education: Towards a global common good?
3370:. In this letter, Pope Leo guarantees the right to
1679:, but instead the phrase "the good of a city". In
4541:
4511:http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html
4261:
4259:
1790:)" but is not identical with it. Elsewhere in the
4753:Confucian Political Philosophy – Oxford Handbooks
4699:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 193–194.
1825:
1466:. One understanding of the common good rooted in
7399:
4073:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book V. 473d
3998:. Perseus Digital Library. pp. Book V. 462a
5232:Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church
4256:
3806:
3804:
3383:Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church
2201:, "The common good is the supreme law", in the
1919:
5060:. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. p. 137.
4924:
2223:
5520:
5018:
3283:
1785:
1778:
1755:
1739:
1585:In the history of moral and political thought
1399:
6026:
4929:(paperback ed.). Sage. pp. 96–113.
4826:Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
4513:. I.2.1094b7–10 (last accessed 30 Jan 2011).
3801:
3712:
3710:
3684: This article incorporates text from a
3348:, beginning with the foundational document,
1911:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1642:
5962:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
3493:
1655:and the highest end pursued by government.
1614:
5527:
5513:
5484:"Common Goods for Health: a brief history"
5284:, paragraph 156, accessed 20 February 2024
4750:Wong, David (2011). Klosko, George (ed.).
4722:, Book IV, Chapter 1, Paragraphs 1 & 2
3547:
3290:
3276:
2052:. However, economic theory also points to
1876:The idea of a common good plays a role in
1872:In non-Western moral and political thought
1784:) . . . is drawn from a free way of life (
1406:
1392:
5230:Pontifical Council of Justice and Peace,
5201:
5032:
4895:
4692:
4121:. London: Penguin Books. pp. 462a–b.
3742:
3707:
5534:
5482:Savedoff, William (September 30, 2019).
5481:
5206:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5163:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5118:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4665:
4618:
4601:
4026:Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics
3688:work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 (
2191:
1803:
1625:) to be the goal of law and government;
1598:used the idea of "the common interest" (
7110:Reflections on the Revolution in France
4983:
4850:
4762:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.001.0001
4384:
4015:
4013:
3768:
3766:
2187:
2121:
2078:
1732:
963:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
7400:
5433:
5412:. Commongood-forum.org. Archived from
5251:International Theological Commission,
5186:
5158:
5133:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
5113:
4840:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
4835:
4808:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3064:Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action
1776:, he indicates that "the common good (
1589:
5508:
5143:
5128:
5055:
4968:
4880:
4865:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4572:
4547:
4522:
4484:
4459:
4434:
4409:
4365:
4340:
4315:
4290:
4265:
4237:
4212:
4187:
4162:
4134:
4116:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3853:
3810:
3772:
2180:must demonstrate that they provide a
2005:eg. cinemas, software, private parks
1114:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1054:Spanish American wars of independence
5297:. Radicalacademy.com. Archived from
4749:
4019:
4010:
3928:
3763:
3433:International Theological Commission
7220:The End of History and the Last Man
7130:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
5070:
4971:Social Choice and Individual Values
4693:Mansfield, Harvey C. (2001-04-15).
4397:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4390:
3913:
3868:
3317:The concept is strongly present in
2086:studies collective decision rules.
883:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
13:
5427:
5341:. Americanprogress.org. 2006-06-05
5191:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4973:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
4811:
3937:
3385:, chapter 4, part II. Quoting the
2247:
2050:First Theorem of Welfare Economics
1916:) if this serves the common good.
1651:) to be the object of a society's
14:
7439:
5493:
4091:
4066:
3991:
3883:
3757:10.4000/etudes-benthamiennes.8227
1662:
1517:common good is any good which is
7428:Concepts in political philosophy
7190:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4956:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01977.x
4912:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01756.x
4838:Theories of Distributive Justice
3898:
3679:
3522:magazine and John Halpin at the
3498:
3257:
1375:
903:Discourses Concerning Government
5997:Family as a model for the state
5475:
5457:
5402:
5392:
5373:
5352:
5331:
5312:
5287:
5274:
5245:
5224:
5210:
5195:
5180:
5167:
5152:
5146:An Economic Theory of Democracy
5137:
5122:
5107:
5064:
5049:
5012:
4977:
4962:
4933:
4918:
4889:
4874:
4859:
4844:
4829:
4798:
4743:
4734:
4725:
4713:
4686:
4659:
4643:
4631:
4591:
4566:
4516:
4503:
4478:
4453:
4428:
4403:
4359:
4334:
4309:
4284:
4231:
4206:
4181:
4110:
4085:
4060:
3985:
3922:
3716:
1533:and refers to the outcome of a
1169:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
7347:Separation of church and state
7245:Collectivism and individualism
7200:The Origins of Totalitarianism
5131:The Logic of Collective Action
4906:(3): 538–56 (quote at p 543).
4804:Bloom, Irene (2009) (trans.).
4020:Simm, Kadri (16 August 2011).
3907:
3892:
3877:
3862:
3847:
3736:
3539:Given the central concern for
2198:Salus publica suprema lex esto
2135:The Logic of Collective Action
1878:Confucian political philosophy
1826:John Rawls's Theory of Justice
1641:understood "the common good" (
1104:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1084:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
7387:Category:Political philosophy
7260:Critique of political economy
5175:Public Benefit in Charity Law
4666:Hulliung, Mark (2017-07-05).
3886:Second Treatise of Government
3873:. pp. 1, 2. 90. 2 and 4.
3701:
3442:Other relevant documents are
3244:Common good constitutionalism
2092:Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem
2088:Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
1693:, ruled by the highest good,
1563:
7285:Institutional discrimination
7280:History of political thought
6012:Negative and positive rights
5043:10.1016/0022-0531(75)90050-2
4853:The Evolution of Cooperation
4621:History of Political Thought
3749:Revue d'études benthamiennes
3698:, 80–81, UNESCO. UNESCO.
3690:license statement/permission
3524:Center for American Progress
3108:Popular Representation Party
3069:Brazilian Integralist Action
2220:account of the common good.
1920:In political economic theory
1711:
1600:
1354:Republic without republicans
1099:11 September 1922 Revolution
1094:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
7295:Justification for the state
7080:Two Treatises of Government
5242:(2004). Chapter 4, part II.
5148:. New York: Harper and Row.
4885:. London: Macmillan and Co.
3623:Public benefit organization
3608:Mutualism (economic theory)
3592:Economy for the Common Good
3573:
3074:Brazilian Integralist Front
2224:In Catholic social teaching
1912:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1854:Second Principle of Justice
1089:Turkish War of Independence
1011:
10:
7444:
5965:Bellum omnium contra omnes
5443:. UNESCO. pp. 80–81.
5202:Landemore, Hélène (2012).
5021:Journal of Economic Theory
3674:
3560:
3474:should require, which are
3407:, #26; italics original).
3301:
2472:Traditionalist Catholicism
2338:Doctrine of the two swords
1946:
1903:al-thābit wa-l-mutaghayyir
1850:First Principle of Justice
1144:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
893:The Commonwealth of Oceana
18:
7382:
7232:
7001:
6649:
6382:
6262:
6181:
6093:
6084:
5950:
5784:
5713:
5542:
5469:World Health Organization
5465:"Common goods for health"
4038:10.1017/S0963180111000296
3787:10.1017/S0034670500018052
3743:Tarantino, Piero (2020).
3103:Palmarian Catholic Church
2172:In many countries of the
1882:Islamic political thought
1547:collective decision rules
1317:The Emperor's New Clothes
1069:5 October 1910 revolution
1064:French Revolution of 1848
87:Liberty as non-domination
7170:The Revolt of the Masses
5189:Philosophy and Democracy
5173:Jonathan Garton (2013),
4855:. New York: Basic Books.
4851:Axelrod, Robert (1984).
4836:Roemer, John E. (1996).
3929:Rousseau, Jean-Jacques.
3494:In contemporary politics
3448:, a papal encyclical by
3364:laissez-faire capitalism
3346:Catholic social teaching
3304:Catholic social teaching
3009:Pascendi Dominici Gregis
2963:El liberalismo es pecado
2949:De regno, ad regem Cypri
2440:Political traditionalism
2291:Catholic social teaching
2178:charitable organizations
1991:eg. fish stocks, timber
1924:In economics, the terms
1859:the difference principle
1612:held "the common good" (
1458:philosophers, including
1159:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1119:1952 Egyptian revolution
97:Political representation
7150:The Communist Manifesto
6076:Tyranny of the majority
5987:Consent of the governed
5266:March 11, 2013, at the
5238:August 1, 2016, at the
5159:Ostrom, Elinor (1990).
5144:Downs, Anthony (1957).
5056:Riker, William (1982).
4969:Arrow, Kenneth (1951).
4925:Goodsell, C.T. (1990).
3723:Encyclopædia Britannica
3548:Common goods for health
3541:sustainable development
3079:Catholic and Royal Army
2974:Famuli vestrae pietatis
2104:The Calculus of Consent
1863:equality of opportunity
1810:Jean-Jacques Rousseau's
1535:social welfare function
1452:philosophical doctrines
1139:1969 Libyan coup d'état
923:Discourse on Inequality
72:Consent of the governed
6027:
5977:Clash of civilizations
5963:
5385:June 11, 2007, at the
5324:June 15, 2006, at the
5129:Olson, Mancur (1965).
5114:Mackie, Gerry (2004).
4881:Pigou, Arthur (1920).
4720:Of the Social Contract
3858:. pp. 3, 6–7, 12.
3775:The Review of Politics
3387:Second Vatican Council
3031:O que é o Integralismo
2446:Res publica Christiana
2252:
2210:deliberative democracy
2205:
2167:tragedy of the commons
2016:free-to-air television
1786:
1779:
1756:
1740:
1643:
1615:
1468:Aristotle's philosophy
5992:Divine right of kings
5280:Pope Francis (2015),
4943:Public Administration
4899:Public Administration
4868:The Wealth of Nations
4393:"Aristotle: Politics"
3519:The American Prospect
3478:, honesty, fairness,
3229:Person Dignity Theory
2452:Sun and Moon allegory
2358:Divine right of kings
2251:
2195:
1987:Common-pool resources
1804:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1639:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1487:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1307:Criticism of monarchy
1129:North Yemen civil war
943:The Federalist Papers
238:Federal parliamentary
7140:Democracy in America
6519:political philosophy
6502:political philosophy
6317:political philosophy
6146:political philosophy
6056:Separation of powers
6017:Night-watchman state
6002:Monopoly on violence
5536:Political philosophy
4883:Economics of Welfare
4866:Smith, Adam (1776).
3888:. pp. 131, 158.
3613:Mutualism (movement)
3454:political corruption
3024:Mes idées politiques
2467:Traditional monarchy
2420:National syndicalism
2415:National Catholicism
2395:Integral nationalism
2368:Ecclesiastical court
2188:In democratic theory
2127:Public choice theory
2122:Public choice theory
2084:Social choice theory
2079:Social choice theory
1979:eg. food, clothing,
1733:Renaissance Florence
1685:, Plato's character
1610:Saint Thomas Aquinas
1551:Public choice theory
1543:Social choice theory
1292:Classical radicalism
1034:Republic of Florence
973:Democracy in America
132:Separation of powers
107:Public participation
19:For other uses, see
7330:Right-wing politics
7210:A Theory of Justice
7180:The Road to Serfdom
7100:The Social Contract
5807:Christian democracy
5410:"Common Good Forum"
5218:Epistle of Barnabas
4669:Citizen Machiavelli
3692:). Text taken from
3534:Rockridge Institute
3460:' 2015 encyclical,
3431:The Roman Catholic
3311:Epistle of Barnabas
3264:Politics portal
3183:Clerico-nationalism
2374:Error has no rights
2214:Epistemic democracy
2073:jointness of supply
1814:The Social Contract
1712:to koinei sympheron
1601:to koinei sympheron
1590:Historical overview
1507:John Maynard Keynes
1479:Niccolò Machiavelli
1382:Politics portal
1187:Antigua and Barbuda
1134:Zanzibar Revolution
1044:American Revolution
933:The Social Contract
102:Popular sovereignty
7413:Concepts in ethics
7342:Political violence
7337:Political theology
7320:Left-wing politics
7315:Political spectrum
5116:Democracy Defended
4576:Nicomachean Ethics
4551:Nicomachean Ethics
4488:Nicomachean Ethics
4166:Nicomachean Ethics
3918:. pp. 10, 51.
3468:Veritatis Splendor
3445:Veritatis Splendor
3319:Augustine of Hippo
2560:Barbey d'Aurevilly
2390:Integral Education
2311:Counter-revolution
2253:
2206:
2156:rational ignorance
2038:Prisoner's dilemma
1891:maqāṣid al-sharī‘a
1773:Discourses on Livy
1726:Nicomachean Ethics
1348:Primus inter pares
1164:Nepalese Civil War
1154:Iranian Revolution
1124:14 July Revolution
1079:Russian Revolution
1074:Chinese Revolution
1024:Republic of Venice
873:Discourses on Livy
7395:
7394:
7305:Philosophy of law
7250:Conflict theories
7090:The Spirit of Law
6997:
6996:
6046:Original position
5450:978-92-3-100088-1
5295:"Radical Academy"
4391:Clayton, Edward.
3869:Aquinas, Thomas.
3648:Social safety net
3618:Open-source model
3505:American politics
3450:Pope John Paul II
3403:" (#164, quoting
3300:
3299:
3234:Orthodox Peronism
3177:Sodalitium Pianum
2151:paradox of voting
2029:welfare economics
2025:
2024:
1841:original position
1836:Theory of Justice
1531:welfare economics
1428:political science
1416:
1415:
1359:Republican empire
1332:List of republics
1181:National variants
1109:Spanish Civil War
1049:French Revolution
1029:Republic of Genoa
913:The Spirit of Law
846:Theoretical works
190:Neo-republicanism
7435:
7310:Political ethics
7300:Machiavellianism
7240:Authoritarianism
7225:
7215:
7205:
7195:
7185:
7175:
7165:
7155:
7145:
7135:
7125:
7115:
7105:
7095:
7085:
7075:
7065:
7055:
7045:
7035:
7025:
7015:
6091:
6090:
6032:
5968:
5958:Balance of power
5932:Social democracy
5927:Social Darwinism
5902:Multiculturalism
5847:Environmentalism
5822:Communitarianism
5529:
5522:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5488:
5487:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5442:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5406:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5335:
5329:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5291:
5285:
5278:
5272:
5249:
5243:
5228:
5222:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5016:
5010:
5009:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4827:
4820:
4809:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4775:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4663:
4657:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4616:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4520:
4514:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4263:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3946:
3935:
3934:
3933:. pp. 2. 1.
3926:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3871:Summa Theologiae
3866:
3860:
3859:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3683:
3503:In contemporary
3424:of human life. "
3402:
3372:private property
3356:papal encyclical
3292:
3285:
3278:
3262:
3261:
3188:Clerical fascism
3097:Milícia Catalana
3051:Action Française
2385:Gelasian Diarchy
2316:Decentralization
2286:Authoritarianism
2228:
2227:
2203:Swiss Parliament
2116:Condorcet winner
2098:William H. Riker
2020:national defense
1953:
1952:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1867:
1789:
1782:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1714:
1705:Plato's student
1691:philosopher king
1646:
1618:
1603:
1503:John Stuart Mill
1408:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1379:
1364:Republican Party
1342:Peasant republic
1302:Communitarianism
1019:Classical Athens
1014:
988:
978:
968:
958:
948:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
888:
878:
868:
858:
92:Mixed government
26:
25:
7443:
7442:
7438:
7437:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7408:Social concepts
7398:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7378:
7367:Totalitarianism
7228:
7223:
7213:
7203:
7193:
7183:
7173:
7163:
7153:
7143:
7133:
7123:
7113:
7103:
7093:
7083:
7073:
7063:
7053:
7043:
7040:Treatise on Law
7033:
7023:
7013:
6993:
6651:
6645:
6384:
6378:
6264:
6258:
6177:
6080:
6066:State of nature
6061:Social contract
6041:Ordered liberty
6029:Noblesse oblige
5946:
5780:
5709:
5538:
5533:
5496:
5491:
5480:
5476:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5440:
5434:UNESCO (2015).
5432:
5428:
5419:
5417:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5387:Wayback Machine
5378:
5374:
5365:
5363:
5360:"July 17, 2006"
5358:
5357:
5353:
5344:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5326:Wayback Machine
5317:
5313:
5304:
5302:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5279:
5275:
5268:Wayback Machine
5250:
5246:
5240:Wayback Machine
5229:
5225:
5215:
5211:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5181:
5172:
5168:
5157:
5153:
5142:
5138:
5127:
5123:
5112:
5108:
5085:10.2307/1909947
5069:
5065:
5054:
5050:
5034:10.1.1.471.9842
5017:
5013:
4998:10.2307/1914083
4982:
4978:
4967:
4963:
4938:
4934:
4923:
4919:
4894:
4890:
4879:
4875:
4864:
4860:
4849:
4845:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4756:. Vol. 1.
4748:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4664:
4660:
4648:
4644:
4636:
4632:
4617:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4521:
4517:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4220:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4161:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4133:
4126:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4061:
4018:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3947:
3938:
3931:Social Contract
3927:
3923:
3912:
3908:
3901:Teatise 3, 2. 2
3897:
3893:
3882:
3878:
3867:
3863:
3852:
3848:
3809:
3802:
3771:
3764:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3677:
3672:
3643:Social contract
3633:Public interest
3576:
3563:
3550:
3514:Michael Tomasky
3501:
3496:
3405:Gaudium et spes
3400:
3397:the common good
3392:Gaudium et spes
3337:, developed by
3306:
3296:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3091:Integrist Party
3058:Acción Española
3045:
3037:
3036:
3017:El Siglo Futuro
2969:Papal documents
2956:Treatise on Law
2942:The City of God
2931:
2923:
2922:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2517:Israeli/Zionist
2490:
2482:
2481:
2457:Social Kingship
2301:Confessionalism
2271:Anti-liberalism
2261:
2226:
2190:
2124:
2081:
2069:public interest
2054:market failures
2013:
2004:
1990:
1978:
1963:Non-excludable
1951:
1922:
1874:
1865:
1828:
1806:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1735:
1699:communistically
1665:
1592:
1587:
1566:
1440:general welfare
1412:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1059:Trienio Liberal
1000:
992:
991:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
847:
839:
838:
574:Flynn (Stephen)
459:
451:
450:
291:
283:
282:
208:
200:
199:
155:
147:
146:
142:Social equality
137:Social contract
127:Self-governance
82:Democratization
57:Anti-corruption
52:Anti-monarchism
47:
31:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7441:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7418:Public commons
7415:
7410:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7357:Social justice
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7265:Egalitarianism
7262:
7257:
7255:Contractualism
7252:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7216:
7206:
7196:
7186:
7176:
7166:
7156:
7146:
7136:
7126:
7116:
7106:
7096:
7086:
7076:
7066:
7056:
7046:
7036:
7026:
7016:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:Overton window
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5960:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:Libertarianism
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5532:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5494:External links
5492:
5490:
5489:
5474:
5456:
5449:
5426:
5401:
5391:
5372:
5351:
5330:
5311:
5286:
5273:
5271:. (2009), #85.
5244:
5223:
5209:
5194:
5179:
5166:
5151:
5136:
5121:
5106:
5079:(2): 491–499.
5063:
5048:
5027:(2): 187–217.
5011:
4992:(4): 587–601.
4976:
4961:
4932:
4917:
4888:
4873:
4858:
4843:
4828:
4810:
4797:
4788:|journal=
4770:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4712:
4705:
4685:
4678:
4658:
4642:
4630:
4600:
4590:
4565:
4540:
4515:
4502:
4477:
4452:
4427:
4402:
4383:
4358:
4333:
4308:
4283:
4255:
4230:
4205:
4180:
4152:
4124:
4117:Plato (2003).
4109:
4084:
4059:
4009:
3984:
3963:10.1086/291887
3957:(4): 283–284.
3936:
3921:
3906:
3891:
3876:
3861:
3846:
3825:10.1086/291887
3819:(4): 283–293.
3800:
3781:(4): 687–712.
3762:
3735:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Utilitarianism
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3562:
3559:
3555:vector control
3549:
3546:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3339:Thomas Aquinas
3302:Main article:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:Third Position
3236:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3142:Traditionalism
3138:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2936:Catholic Bible
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2843:Lamamié (Juan)
2840:
2838:Lamamié (José)
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:Ultramontanism
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2400:Integral state
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2362:Deposing power
2355:
2349:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Anti-communism
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2225:
2222:
2189:
2186:
2182:public benefit
2123:
2120:
2080:
2077:
2046:invisible hand
2023:
2022:
2006:
1997:
1996:Non-rivalrous
1993:
1992:
1983:
1981:parking spaces
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1947:Main article:
1942:non-excludable
1921:
1918:
1873:
1870:
1827:
1824:
1805:
1802:
1780:comune utilità
1765:common utility
1757:comune utilità
1734:
1731:
1721:teleologically
1669:Ancient Greeks
1664:
1663:Ancient Greeks
1661:
1644:le bien commun
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1565:
1562:
1539:utilitarianism
1523:non-excludable
1475:Thomas Aquinas
1444:public benefit
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Egalitarianism
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:Related topics
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1257:United Kingdom
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1039:Dutch Republic
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1007:
1005:Roman Republic
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
446:Wollstonecraft
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
48:
45:
44:
41:
40:
34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7440:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7423:Republicanism
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Jurisprudence
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7187:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7162:
7161:
7157:
7152:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7122:
7121:
7120:Rights of Man
7117:
7112:
7111:
7107:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7082:
7081:
7077:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7061:
7057:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:De re publica
7027:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:20th and 21st
6648:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6383:18th and 19th
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:Nizam al-Mulk
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5922:Republicanism
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5523:
5518:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5485:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5452:
5446:
5439:
5438:
5430:
5416:on 2013-10-04
5415:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5361:
5355:
5340:
5334:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5301:on 2011-07-17
5300:
5296:
5290:
5283:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5220:
5219:
5213:
5205:
5198:
5190:
5183:
5177:, OUP Oxford.
5176:
5170:
5162:
5155:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5125:
5117:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5052:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5015:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4972:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4950:(2): 412–28.
4949:
4945:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4877:
4869:
4862:
4854:
4847:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4801:
4793:
4781:
4773:
4771:9780199238804
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4737:
4728:
4721:
4716:
4708:
4706:9780226503707
4702:
4698:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4679:9781351528481
4675:
4672:. Routledge.
4671:
4670:
4662:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4640:I 16, p. 174.
4639:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4594:
4578:
4577:
4569:
4553:
4552:
4544:
4528:
4527:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4490:
4489:
4481:
4465:
4464:
4456:
4440:
4439:
4431:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4371:
4370:
4362:
4346:
4345:
4337:
4321:
4320:
4312:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4271:
4270:
4262:
4260:
4243:
4242:
4234:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4193:
4192:
4184:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4157:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4113:
4097:
4096:
4088:
4072:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4032:(4): 554–62.
4031:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4014:
3997:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3899:Hume, David.
3895:
3887:
3884:Locke, John.
3880:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3724:
3720:
3719:"Common good"
3713:
3711:
3706:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3669:
3668:Welfare state
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3545:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3499:United States
3491:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:Pope Leo XIII
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:Rerum novarum
3347:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3313:
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3293:
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3281:
3279:
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3260:
3255:
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3207:
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3044:Organizations
3041:
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3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:Rerum novarum
2999:
2997:
2996:
2995:Immortale Dei
2992:
2990:
2989:
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2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Constantine I
2801:
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2698:
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2648:
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2638:
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2598:
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2581:
2578:
2576:
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2571:
2568:
2566:
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2561:
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2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
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2542:
2536:
2535:
2528:
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2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
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2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:Accidentalism
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Cooperativism
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
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2289:
2287:
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2282:
2279:
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2269:
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2264:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:Elinor Ostrom
2159:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2147:Anthony Downs
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2058:externalities
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:for society.
2039:
2033:
2030:
2027:The field of
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:Private goods
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:non-rivalrous
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1897:maṣlaḥa ‘āmma
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1787:vivere libero
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1758:
1742:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1635:James Madison
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1616:bonum commune
1611:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:microeconomic
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:James Madison
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:Ancient Greek
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1274:United States
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Metapolitefsi
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
984:
983:On Revolution
980:
975:
974:
970:
965:
964:
960:
955:
954:
953:Rights of Man
950:
945:
944:
940:
935:
934:
930:
925:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
905:
904:
900:
895:
894:
890:
885:
884:
880:
875:
874:
870:
865:
864:
863:De re publica
860:
855:
854:
850:
849:
843:
842:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:Jones (Lynne)
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
464:Adams (Gerry)
462:
461:
455:
454:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Revolutionary
261:
259:
256:
254:
253:Parliamentary
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
151:
150:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
62:Civil society
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
38:Republicanism
36:
35:
32:
28:
27:
22:
7371:
7270:Elite theory
7218:
7208:
7198:
7188:
7178:
7168:
7158:
7148:
7138:
7128:
7118:
7108:
7098:
7088:
7078:
7068:
7058:
7048:
7038:
7028:
7018:
7008:
6307:Guicciardini
6263:Early modern
6086:Philosophers
6036:Open society
5981:
5972:Body politic
5842:Distributism
5832:Conservatism
5827:Confucianism
5746:Gerontocracy
5736:Dictatorship
5690:Sovereignty
5680:Ruling class
5570:Emancipation
5555:Citizenship
5477:
5468:
5459:
5436:
5429:
5418:. Retrieved
5414:the original
5404:
5394:
5375:
5364:. Retrieved
5362:. The Nation
5354:
5343:. Retrieved
5333:
5314:
5303:. Retrieved
5299:the original
5289:
5276:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5247:
5226:
5216:
5212:
5203:
5197:
5188:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5160:
5154:
5145:
5139:
5130:
5124:
5115:
5109:
5076:
5073:Econometrica
5072:
5066:
5057:
5051:
5024:
5020:
5014:
4989:
4986:Econometrica
4985:
4979:
4970:
4964:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4926:
4920:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4882:
4876:
4867:
4861:
4852:
4846:
4837:
4831:
4823:
4805:
4800:
4752:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4695:
4688:
4668:
4661:
4656:I 9, p. 154.
4653:
4652:I 2, p. 132;
4649:
4645:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4620:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4575:
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4550:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4525:
4518:
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4487:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4462:
4455:
4443:. Retrieved
4437:
4430:
4418:. Retrieved
4412:
4405:
4396:
4386:
4374:. Retrieved
4368:
4361:
4349:. Retrieved
4343:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4318:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4293:
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4268:
4246:. Retrieved
4240:
4233:
4221:. Retrieved
4215:
4208:
4196:. Retrieved
4190:
4183:
4171:. Retrieved
4165:
4143:. Retrieved
4137:
4118:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4094:
4087:
4075:. Retrieved
4069:
4062:
4029:
4025:
4000:. Retrieved
3994:
3987:
3954:
3950:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3885:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3855:
3849:
3816:
3812:
3778:
3774:
3748:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:
3717:Lee, Simon.
3694:
3686:free content
3678:
3590:
3586:Commonwealth
3568:
3564:
3551:
3538:
3527:
3517:
3502:
3487:
3476:truthfulness
3467:
3461:
3458:Pope Francis
3443:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3382:
3380:
3349:
3343:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3221:
3216:Nacionalismo
3214:
3191:
3175:
3170:Neocatólicos
3168:
3151:
3119:
3112:
3095:
3083:
3056:
3049:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2444:
2430:Panhispanism
2343:Distributism
2327:Municipalism
2319:
2295:
2281:Anti-Zionism
2276:Anti-Masonry
2207:
2196:
2174:Commonwealth
2171:
2160:
2139:Mancur Olson
2134:
2131:rent-seeking
2125:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2082:
2072:
2062:
2043:
2034:
2026:
2010:Public goods
2008:
1999:
1985:
1973:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1875:
1858:
1835:
1829:
1819:general will
1812:
1807:
1796:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1741:bene commune
1736:
1704:
1682:The Republic
1680:
1666:
1657:
1653:general will
1613:
1593:
1581:and rights.
1569:
1567:
1526:
1514:
1472:
1443:
1439:
1436:commonwealth
1435:
1431:
1417:
1346:
1296:
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
851:
664:Jones (Elin)
569:Flynn (Paul)
529:Clarke (Tom)
524:Clark (Katy)
469:Adams (John)
290:Philosophers
67:Civic virtue
29:Part of the
7144:(1835–1840)
7024:(c. 350 BC)
7014:(c. 375 BC)
6631:Tocqueville
6596:Saint-Simon
6561:Montesquieu
6412:Bolingbroke
6344:Machiavelli
6224:Ibn Khaldun
6189:Alpharabius
6182:Middle Ages
6007:Natural law
5982:Common good
5907:Nationalism
5867:Imperialism
5837:Corporatism
5812:Colonialism
5792:Agrarianism
5771:Technocracy
5751:Meritocracy
5731:Bureaucracy
5721:Aristocracy
5282:Laudato si'
4654:Discourses,
4650:Discourses,
4638:Discourses,
4627:(1): 57–85.
4573:Aristotle.
4548:Aristotle.
4523:Aristotle.
4485:Aristotle.
4460:Aristotle.
4435:Aristotle.
4410:Aristotle.
4366:Aristotle.
4341:Aristotle.
4316:Aristotle.
4291:Aristotle.
4266:Aristotle.
4238:Aristotle.
4213:Aristotle.
4188:Aristotle.
4163:Aristotle.
4135:Aristotle.
3854:Aristotle.
3653:The commons
3628:Public good
3603:Higher good
3509:progressive
3488:Laudato si'
3463:Laudato si'
3376:living wage
3327:City of God
3323:magnum opus
3193:Estado Novo
2988:Quanta Cura
2777:Politicians
2615:Fontcuberta
2425:Natural law
2380:Familialism
2306:Corporatism
2296:Common good
2241:Integralism
2218:cognitivist
2112:Amartya Sen
1933:common good
1927:public good
1886:shari‘a law
1797:Discourses,
1792:Discourses,
1749:common good
1570:common good
1558:methodology
1432:common good
1297:Common good
1237:New Zealand
1232:Netherlands
977:(1835–1840)
947:(1787–1788)
857:(c. 375 BC)
779:Robespierre
554:Etherington
489:Benn (Tony)
458:Politicians
436:Tocqueville
396:Montesquieu
376:Machiavelli
122:Rule of law
117:Res publica
21:Common Good
7402:Categories
7352:Separatism
7160:On Liberty
7060:The Prince
6789:Huntington
6292:Campanella
6219:al-Ghazali
6168:Thucydides
6126:Lactantius
6071:Statolatry
5897:Monarchism
5877:Liberalism
5802:Capitalism
5785:Ideologies
5766:Plutocracy
5714:Government
5670:Revolution
5655:Propaganda
5605:Legitimacy
5580:Government
5420:2013-10-03
5366:2013-10-03
5345:2013-10-03
5305:2013-10-03
3916:Federalist
3702:References
3638:Roerichism
3529:The Nation
3484:solidarity
3480:temperance
3472:leadership
3412:Compendium
3389:document,
3147:Legitimism
3121:Viva Maria
3114:Sanfedisti
2981:Mirari Vos
2918:de Villèle
2908:dos Santos
2903:Santamaria
2755:Valdivieso
2730:dos Santos
2675:Meinvielle
2630:Gelasius I
2595:Eyzaguirre
2580:Castellani
2462:Solidarity
2435:Patriotism
2405:Monarchism
2332:Organicism
2260:Principles
2001:Club goods
1959:Excludable
1831:John Rawls
1631:David Hume
1627:John Locke
1564:Definition
1511:John Rawls
1495:Adam Smith
1483:John Locke
1420:philosophy
1337:Monarchism
1327:Liberalism
1322:Jacobinism
1012:Gaṇasaṅgha
867:(54–51 BC)
351:Harrington
228:Democratic
218:Capitalist
213:Autonomous
195:Venizelism
180:Khomeinism
7070:Leviathan
7050:Monarchia
7044:(c. 1274)
6879:Oakeshott
6824:Mansfield
6819:Luxemburg
6804:Kropotkin
6699:Bernstein
6652:centuries
6566:Nietzsche
6509:Jefferson
6437:Condorcet
6385:centuries
6364:Pufendorf
6229:Marsilius
6116:Confucius
6101:Aristotle
6094:Antiquity
6022:Noble lie
5942:Third Way
5937:Socialism
5862:Feudalism
5817:Communism
5797:Anarchism
5776:Theocracy
5761:Oligarchy
5741:Democracy
5726:Autocracy
5640:Pluralism
5625:Obedience
5590:Hierarchy
5550:Authority
5029:CiteSeerX
4790:ignored (
4780:cite book
4598:178–200.]
3979:145088595
3914:Publius.
3841:145088595
3795:143454235
3368:socialism
3335:Aristotle
3223:El Yunque
3204:Francoism
3199:Falangism
3164:Miguelism
3153:Federales
3085:Cristeros
2813:Fernández
2808:Estévanez
2798:Clavarana
2745:Taparelli
2575:de Bonald
2550:Augustine
2495:Brazilian
2143:free-ride
2065:economics
1969:Rivalrous
1845:"maximin"
1707:Aristotle
1596:Aristotle
1568:The term
1519:rivalrous
1499:Karl Marx
1460:Aristotle
1448:community
1424:economics
1192:Australia
824:Venizelos
814:Spadolini
804:Slaughter
749:McDonnell
714:Mackenzie
659:Jefferson
614:Griffiths
594:de Gaulle
589:Garibaldi
549:Drakeford
441:Warburton
361:Jefferson
356:Honderich
336:Condorcet
223:Christian
185:Nasserism
160:Classical
77:Democracy
7325:Centrism
7020:Politics
7010:Republic
6979:Voegelin
6959:Spengler
6944:Shariati
6919:Rothbard
6874:Nussbaum
6774:Habermas
6749:Fukuyama
6739:Foucault
6664:Ambedkar
6641:Voltaire
6611:de Staël
6586:Rousseau
6467:Franklin
6442:Constant
6402:Beccaria
6234:Muhammad
6214:Gelasius
6199:Averroes
6173:Xenophon
6153:Polybius
6106:Chanakya
5951:Concepts
5917:Populism
5887:Localism
5872:Islamism
5857:Feminism
5756:Monarchy
5660:Property
5650:Progress
5615:Monopoly
5585:Hegemony
5383:Archived
5322:Archived
5264:Archived
5236:Archived
5221:, 4, 10.
5101:16238050
4583:19 April
4558:19 April
4533:19 April
4526:Politics
4495:19 April
4470:19 April
4463:Politics
4445:19 April
4438:Politics
4420:19 April
4413:Politics
4376:19 April
4369:Politics
4351:19 April
4344:Politics
4326:19 April
4319:Politics
4301:19 April
4294:Politics
4276:19 April
4269:Politics
4248:19 April
4241:Politics
4223:19 April
4216:Politics
4198:19 April
4191:Politics
4173:19 April
4145:19 April
4138:Politics
4119:Republic
4102:19 April
4095:Republic
4077:19 April
4070:Republic
4054:36435554
4046:21843386
4002:19 April
3995:Republic
3856:Politics
3581:Altruism
3574:See also
3532:and the
3136:See also
2893:Rocamora
2873:Olazábal
2853:Louis IX
2765:Veuillot
2760:Vermeule
2735:Sardinha
2645:González
2590:Delassus
2539:Thinkers
2522:Lusitano
2507:Catholic
2489:Variants
2352:Guildism
2233:a series
2231:Part of
1687:Socrates
1667:For the
1577:others'
1575:respects
1553:applies
1525:, while
1262:Scotland
1202:Barbados
853:Republic
769:Prescott
739:Naysmith
729:McKechin
689:La Malfa
684:Khomeini
644:Iorwerth
609:Griffith
584:Gambetta
579:Galloway
564:Ferguson
544:Davidson
539:Cromwell
534:Connolly
514:Campbell
431:Sunstein
416:Rousseau
411:Polybius
346:Franklin
326:Chappell
321:Cattaneo
258:People's
243:Imperial
175:Kemalism
112:Republic
46:Concepts
7362:Statism
7275:Elitism
7233:Related
7034:(51 BC)
6964:Strauss
6939:Scruton
6934:Schmitt
6924:Russell
6844:Michels
6839:Maurras
6834:Marcuse
6794:Kautsky
6764:Gramsci
6759:Gentile
6729:Dworkin
6719:Du Bois
6714:Dmowski
6709:Chomsky
6704:Burnham
6689:Benoist
6659:Agamben
6626:Thoreau
6616:Stirner
6606:Spencer
6551:Mazzini
6541:Maistre
6536:Madison
6531:Le Play
6462:Fourier
6427:Carlyle
6407:Bentham
6397:Bastiat
6392:Bakunin
6369:Spinoza
6359:Müntzer
6329:Leibniz
6302:Grotius
6282:Bossuet
6249:Plethon
6194:Aquinas
6163:Sun Tzu
6131:Mencius
6121:Han Fei
5892:Marxism
5852:Fascism
5685:Society
5610:Liberty
5595:Justice
5575:Freedom
5093:1909947
5006:1914083
4806:Mencius
4092:Plato.
4067:Plato.
3992:Plato.
3971:2379966
3833:2379966
3728:9 March
3675:Sources
3663:Welfare
3561:History
3209:Tacuara
3159:Carlism
2913:Senante
2898:Sánchez
2888:Quiroga
2868:Nocedal
2858:Maurras
2848:Larraín
2793:Barroso
2788:Ahimeir
2783:Abascal
2750:Urquiza
2725:Salvany
2720:Salgado
2705:le Play
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2670:Maurras
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2600:Ezcurra
2545:Aquinas
2527:Spanish
2018:, air,
1579:dignity
1227:Morocco
1217:Jamaica
1212:Ireland
1197:Bahamas
999:History
819:Taverne
794:Skinner
774:Ritchie
719:Madison
699:Lincoln
649:Jackson
639:Huppert
634:Hopkins
559:Fabiani
519:Chapman
504:Bolívar
494:Bennett
484:Bartley
474:Atatürk
386:Mazzini
381:Madison
311:Bentham
301:Baggini
268:Secular
248:Islamic
233:Federal
170:Federal
154:Schools
7224:(1992)
7214:(1971)
7204:(1951)
7194:(1945)
7184:(1944)
7174:(1929)
7164:(1859)
7154:(1848)
7134:(1820)
7124:(1791)
7114:(1790)
7104:(1762)
7094:(1748)
7084:(1689)
7074:(1651)
7064:(1532)
7054:(1313)
6984:Walzer
6974:Taylor
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6889:Pareto
6884:Ortega
6869:Nozick
6859:Mouffe
6809:Laclau
6769:Guénon
6754:Gandhi
6694:Berlin
6684:Bauman
6679:Badiou
6669:Arendt
6636:Tucker
6526:Le Bon
6487:Herder
6477:Haller
6472:Godwin
6457:Fichte
6452:Engels
6447:Cortés
6417:Bonald
6374:Suárez
6349:Milton
6339:Luther
6312:Hobbes
6297:Filmer
6287:Calvin
6272:Boétie
6265:period
6244:Ockham
6111:Cicero
5912:Nazism
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5665:Regime
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1908:Qur'an
1695:Reason
1649:French
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1430:, the
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987:(1963)
967:(1794)
957:(1791)
937:(1762)
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907:(1698)
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619:Harvie
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273:Sister
165:Modern
7373:Index
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6989:Weber
6954:Spann
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6909:Rawls
6864:Negri
6854:Mosca
6849:Mises
6814:Lenin
6784:Hoppe
6779:Hayek
6744:Fromm
6734:Evola
6724:Dugin
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6576:Paine
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6482:Hegel
6432:Comte
6422:Burke
6334:Locke
6324:James
6277:Bodin
6209:Dante
6204:Bruni
6158:Shang
6141:Plato
5695:State
5645:Power
5630:Peace
5565:Elite
5543:Terms
5441:(PDF)
5097:S2CID
5089:JSTOR
5002:JSTOR
4050:S2CID
3975:S2CID
3967:JSTOR
3837:S2CID
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2930:Works
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479:Azaña
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6556:Mill
6546:Marx
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6254:Wang
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5560:Duty
5445:ISBN
4792:help
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