1242:
3631:
6772:. Page 62. Quote: "Er valt heel wat te lachen om de wederwaardigheden van Vlamingen in Nederland en Nederlanders in Vlaanderen. Ze relativeren de verschillen en beklemtonen ze tegelijkertijd. Die verschillen zijn er onmiskenbaar: in taal, klank, kleur, stijl, gedrag, in politiek, maatschappelijke organisatie, maar het zijn stuk voor stuk varianten binnen één taal-en cultuurgemeenschap." The opposite opinion is stated by L. Beheydt (2002): "Al bij al lijkt een grondiger analyse van de taalsituatie en de taalattitude in Nederland en Vlaanderen weinig aanwijzingen te bieden voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit. Dat er ook op andere gebieden weinig aanleiding is voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit is al door Geert Hofstede geconstateerd in zijn vermaarde boek
2593:
3776:
632:
3707:
2791:(1887–1966) and Carel Gerretson (1884–1958). The historical pluriformity of the Dutch cultural landscape has given rise to several theories aimed at both identifying and explaining cultural divergences between different regions. One theory, proposed by A.J. Wichers in 1965, sees differences in mentality between the southeastern, or 'higher', and northwestern, or 'lower' regions within the Netherlands, and seeks to explain these by referring to the different degrees to which these areas were feudalised during the Middle Ages. Another, more recent cultural divide is that between the
4200:. About one-fifth returned. The maximum Dutch-born emigrant stock for the 1950s is about 300,000 (some have died since). The maximum emigrant stock (Dutch-born) for the period after 1960 is 1.6 million. Discounting pre-1950 emigrants (who would be about 85 or older), at most around 2 million people born in the Netherlands are now living outside the country. Combined with the 13.2 million ethnically Dutch inhabitants of the Netherlands (both parents born in the Netherlands), there are about 16 million people who are Dutch (of Dutch ancestry), in a minimally accepted sense.
3183:
87:
6742:: "Gradually a consistent attitude emerged, a sort of 'collective identity' which was distinct and able to resist the inroads, intellectual as well as military, of both the Northern Dutch (especially during the crisis of 1632) and the French. This embryonic 'national identity' was an impressive monument to the government of the archdukes, and it survived almost forty years of grueling warfare (1621–59) and the invasions of Louis XIV until, in 1700, the Spanish Habsburgs died out." (Penguin edition 1985, p. 260). See also J. Israel,
2938:. A study in 1984 found that 39% of the inhabitants of Friesland considered themselves "primarily Frisian," although without precluding also being Dutch. A further 36 per cent claimed they were Dutch, but also Frisian, the remaining 25% saw themselves as only Dutch. A 2013 study showed that 45% of the population of Friesland saw themselves as "primarily Frisian", again without precluding the possibility of also identifying as Dutch. Frisians are not disambiguated from the Dutch people in Dutch official
4071:
1148:
2723:
956:
3048:
stereotypes in the
Netherlands as well as Flanders, which are mostly based on the "cultural extremes" of both Northern and Southern culture, including in religious identity. Though these stereotypes tend to ignore the transitional area formed by the Southern provinces of the Netherlands and most Northern reaches of Belgium, resulting in overgeneralisations. This self-perceived split between Flemings and Dutch, despite the common language, may be compared to how
3539:
3103:
8182:
3458:
1684:
1337:
2955:
2830:
5543:; "During the 6th century, Salian Franks had settled in the region between the Loire River in present-day France and the Coal Forest in the south of present-day Belgium. From the late 6th century, Ripuarian Franks pushed from the Rhineland westward to the Schelde. Their immigration strengthened the Germanic faction in that region, which had been almost completely evacuated by the Gallo-Romans."
3893:
3650:. In many cases, the Dutch were the first Europeans whom the people living there encountered. Between 1602 and 1796, the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in its territories in Asia. The majority died of disease or made their way back to Europe, but some of them made the Indies their new home. Interaction between the Dutch and the indigenous populations mainly took place in
1202:) aimed for more autonomy for the counties and duchies, but nevertheless all the fiefs presented their demands together, rather than separately. This is evidence that by this time a sense of common interest was emerging among the provinces of the Netherlands. The document itself clearly distinguishes between the Dutch speaking and French speaking provinces.
5562:; "The northern Franks retained their Germanic language (which became modern Dutch), whereas the Franks moving south rapidly adopted the language of the culturally dominant Romanized Gauls, the language that would become French. The language frontier between northern Flemings and southern Walloons has remained virtually unchanged ever since."
5349:"Clovis' conversion to Christianity, regardless of his motives, is a turning point in Dutch history as the elite now changed their beliefs. Their choice would way down its way on the common folk, of whom many (especially in the Frankish heartland of Brabant and Flanders) were less enthusiastic than the ruling class." Taken from
1066:
their economic strength to influence the politics of their nobility. During the early 14th century, beginning in and inspired by the County of
Flanders, the cities in the Low Countries gained huge autonomy and generally dominated or greatly influenced the various political affairs of the fief, including marriage succession.
3603:
granted Dutch official status upon its inception, but in 1925 Parliament openly recognised
Afrikaans as a separate language. It differs from Standard Dutch by several pronunciations borrowed from Malay, German, or English, the loss of case and gender distinctions, and in the extreme simplification of
2945:
In the
Netherlands itself "West-Frisian" refers to the Hollandic dialect, with a Frisian substrate, spoken in the northern part of the province of North-Holland known as West-Friesland, as well as "West-Frisians" referring to its speakers, not to the language or inhabitants of the Frisian part of the
1253:
By the middle of the 16th century an overarching, 'national' (rather than 'ethnic') identity seemed in development in the
Habsburg Netherlands, when inhabitants began to refer to it as their 'fatherland' and were beginning to be seen as a collective entity abroad; however, the persistence of language
819:
of the Dutch (and their predecessors) has been a lengthy and complex process. Though the majority of the defining characteristics (such as language, religion, architecture or cuisine) of the Dutch ethnic group have accumulated over the ages, it is difficult (if not impossible) to clearly pinpoint the
3134:
showing a mixture of these two ancestral backgrounds. The
European North-South cline correlates highly with this Dutch North-South cline and shows several other similarities, such as a correlation with height (with the North being taller on average), blue/brown eye colour (with the North having more
1843:
Dutch immigrants also exported the Dutch language. Dutch was spoken by some settlers in the United States as a native language from the arrival of the first permanent Dutch settlers in 1615, surviving in isolated ethnic pockets until about 1900, when it ceased to be spoken except by first generation
1511:
The total number of Dutch can be defined in roughly two ways. By taking the total of all people with full Dutch ancestry, according to the current CBS definition (both parents born in the
Netherlands), resulting in an estimated 16,000,000 Dutch people, or by the sum of all people worldwide with both
5651:
All the towns formed a new, non-feudal element in the existing social structure, and from the beginning merchants played an important role. The merchants often formed guilds, organizations that grew out of merchant groups and banded together for mutual protection while traveling during this violent
2816:
roughly form a natural boundary between the
Northern Dutch (those Dutch living North of these rivers), and the Southern Dutch (those living South of them). The division is partially caused by (traditional) religious differences, with the North used to be predominantly Protestant and the South still
3534:
fleeing religious persecution at home, who interspersed among the original freemen. Between 1685 and 1707 the company also extended free passage to any Dutch families wishing to resettle at the Cape. At the beginning of the eighteenth century there were roughly 600 people of Dutch birth or descent
3143:
that was initiated with the ancient successive out-of-Africa migrations. This does not necessarily mean that these events (north-ward migration and evolutionary selection pressures) took place within the borders of the
Netherlands; it could also be that Southern Europeans have migrated more to the
2786:
One cultural division within Dutch culture is that between the formerly
Protestant North and the nowadays Catholic South, which encompasses various cultural differences between the Northern Dutch on one side and the Southern Dutch on the other. This subject has historically received attention from
6869:
Abdellaoui, Abdel; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; de Knijff, Peter; Nivard, Michel; Xiangjun, Xiao; Scheet, Paul; Brooks, Andrew; Ehli, Erik; Hu, Yueshan; Davies, Gareth; Hudziak, James; Sullivan, Patrick; van Beijsterveldt, Toos; Willemsen, Gonneke; de Geus, Eco; Penninx, Brenda; Boomsma, Dorret (27 March
4058:
ancestry, are partially of Dutch descent. Many Dutch settlers left Suriname after independence in 1975, which diminished the white Dutch population in the country. Currently there are around 1000 boeroes left in Suriname, and 3000 outside Suriname. Inside Suriname, they work in several sectors of
1065:
The medieval cities of the Low Countries, especially those of Flanders, Brabant and Holland, which experienced major growth during the 11th and 12th centuries, were instrumental in breaking down the already relatively loose local form of feudalism. As they became increasingly powerful, they used
3607:
During the 1950s, Dutch immigration to South Africa began to increase exponentially for the first time in over a hundred years. The country registered a net gain of around 45,000 Dutch immigrants between 1950 and 2001, making it the sixth most popular destination for citizens of the Netherlands
3118:
within the Netherlands show strong correlations with geography and distinguish between: (1) North and South; (2) East and West; and (3) the middle-band and the rest of the country. The distribution of gene variants for eye colour, metabolism, brain processes, body height and immune system show
3756:
The effects of Dutch migration to Australia can still be felt. There are many Dutch associations and a Dutch-language newspaper continues to be published. The Dutch have remained a tightly knit community, especially in the large cities. In total, about 310,000 people of Dutch ancestry live in
2820:
On a smaller scale cultural pluriformity can also be found; be it in local architecture or (perceived) character. This wide array of regional identities positioned within such a relatively small area, has often been attributed to the fact that many of the current Dutch provinces were de facto
6070:
Van Buren grew up speaking Dutch, a relic of the time before the Revolution when the inland waterways of North America were a polyglot blend of non-Anglophone communities. His family has resisted intermarriage with Yankees for five generations, and Van Buren trumpeted the fact proudly in his
4018:
In Argentina, Dutch immigration has been one of many migration flows from Europe in the country, although it has not been as numerous as in other cases (they failed to account for 1% of total migration received). However, Argentina received a large contingent of Dutch since 1825. The largest
1069:
While the cities were of great political importance, they also formed catalysts for medieval Dutch culture. Trade flourished, population numbers increased dramatically, and (advanced) education was no longer limited to the clergy. Flanders, Brabant and Holland began to develop a common Dutch
3379:
Historically Dutch also lived directly on the eastern side of the German border, most have since been assimilated (apart from ~40,000 recent border migrants), especially since the establishment of Germany itself in 1872. Cultural marks can still be found though. In some villages and towns a
3047:
However, the popular perception of being a single group varies greatly, depending on subject matter, locality, and personal background. Generally, the Flemish will seldom identify themselves as being Dutch and vice versa, especially on a national level. This is partly caused by the popular
1687:
1270:, which roughly corresponded to the Dutch-speaking part of the Spanish Netherlands, was unreachable. The Northern provinces were free, but during the 1580s the South was recaptured by Spain, and, despite various attempts, the armies of the Republic were unable to expel them. In 1648, the
1686:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1692:
905:
6919:
Abdellaoui, Abdel; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Xiangjun, Xiao; Scheet, Paul; Ehli, Erik; Davies, Gareth; Hudziak, James; Smit, Dirk; Bartels, Meike; Willemsen, Gonneke; Brooks, Andrew; Sullivan, Patrick; Smit, Johannes; de Geus, Eco; Penninx, Brenda; Boomsma, Dorret (25 August 2013).
3523:, who adopted the Dutch language and culture. As the number of Europeans—particularly women—in the Cape swelled, South African whites closed ranks as a community to protect their privileged status, eventually marginalising Coloureds as a separate and inferior racial group.
1119:
of Burgundy to the heiress of the Count of Flanders. This was followed by a series of marriages, wars, and inheritances among the other Dutch fiefs and around 1450 the most important fiefs were under Burgundian rule, while complete control was achieved after the end of the
1855:
was Dutch. Most of the Dutch immigrants of the 20th century quickly began to speak the language of their new country. For example, of the inhabitants of New Zealand, 0.7% say their home language is Dutch, despite the percentage of Dutch heritage being considerably higher.
1694:
1693:
3744:
that a sharp increase in Dutch emigration to Australia occurred. Poor economic prospects for many Dutchmen as well as increasing demographic pressures, in the post-war Netherlands were a powerful incentive to emigrate. Due to Australia experiencing a shortage of
3083:
had a reticent and contentious relationship with the newly formed Belgium and a largely indifferent attitude towards its Dutch-speaking inhabitants) and, hence, focused on pitting "Flemish" culture against French culture, resulting in the forming of the Flemish
1042:
remaining with more eastern Germanic populations, a distinct identity in relation to these only gradually developed, largely based on socio-economic and political factors. Large parts of the present Netherlands have populations using Saxon and Frisian dialects.
3225:
have mainly departed the Netherlands for Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Belgium, Australia, and South Africa, in that order. Today, large Dutch communities also exist in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Turkey, and New Zealand.
1124:
in 1543, thereby unifying the fiefs of the Low Countries under one ruler. This process marked a new episode in the development of the Dutch ethnic group, as now political unity started to emerge, consolidating the strengthened cultural and linguistic unity.
1689:
2762:. Furthermore, there are 5% Muslims and 6% others (among others Buddhists). People of Dutch ancestry in the United States and South Africa are generally more religious than their European counterparts; for example, the numerous Dutch communities of
1209:, the Netherlands were now part of the Habsburg lands. Further centralised policies of the Habsburgs (like their Burgundian predecessors) again met with resistance, but, peaking with the formation of the collateral councils of 1531 and the
5102:
5214:
5601:)—a community that was legally a corporate body, could enter into alliances and ratify them with its own seal, could sometimes even make commercial or military contracts with other towns, and could negotiate directly with the prince.
4502:
2817:
having a majority of Catholics. Linguistic (dialectal) differences (positioned along the Rhine/Meuse rivers) and to a lesser extent, historical economic development of both regions are also important elements in any dissimilarity.
3687:
Though many Ghanaians of European origin are mostly of British origin, there are a small number of Dutch people in Ghana. The forts in Ghana have a small number of a Dutch population. The most of the Dutch population is held in
2034:
to the Germanic people they had most contact with, both because of their geographical proximity, but also because of the rivalry in trade and overseas territories: the people from the Republic of the Netherlands, the Dutch.
3599:, and various African languages. Dutch was taught to South African students as late as 1914 and a few upper-class Afrikaners used it in polite society, but the first Afrikaans literature had already appeared in 1861. The
2845:. Though today many do not adhere to Protestantism anymore, or are only nominally part of a congregation, Protestant-(influenced) values and customs are present. Generally, it can be said that the Northern Dutch are more
3666:
means that currently the majority of this group lives in the Netherlands. Statistics show that Indos are the largest minority group in the Netherlands and number close to half a million (excluding the third generation).
1266:. For the first time in their history, the Dutch established their independence from foreign rule. However, during the war it became apparent that the goal of liberating all the provinces and cities that had signed the
7942:
FIGUEIREDO, Raquel de Freitas. Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil. 2012. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
2978:, had started to develop a political and cultural identity of its own. The Southern Dutch, including Dutch Brabant and Limburg, remained Catholic or returned to Catholicism. The Dutch dialects spoken by this group are
3658:. Most of the time, Dutch soldiers married local women and settled in the colonies. Through the centuries, there developed a relatively large Dutch-speaking population of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, known as
2356:; the name is based on the personal name of the father of the bearer. Historically this has been by far the most dominant form. These type of names fluctuated in form as the surname was not constant. If a man called
1298:) the Dutch have been separated from the "Flemings" to this day. The border between the Netherlands and Belgium is purely contingent, simply reflecting the 1648 cease-fire line. There is a perfect dialect continuum.
6844:
3163:
individuals in the Netherlands. Their spouses are more likely to come from a different genetic background than those of religious individuals, causing non-religious individuals to show lower levels of genome-wide
2849:, favor a direct approach, and display a less-exuberant lifestyle when compared to Southerners. On a global scale, the Northern Dutch have formed the dominant vanguard of the Dutch language and culture since the
1823:
is sometimes also viewed as a dialect of Dutch as it falls in the area of the Dutch standard language. Of these dialects, Hollandic and Dutch Low Saxon are solely spoken by Northerners. Brabantic, East Flemish,
2753:
Contemporary Dutch, according to a 2017 study conducted by Statistics Netherlands, are mostly irreligious with 51% of the population professing no religion. The largest Christian denomination with 24% are the
1193:
met many of these demands, which included that Dutch, not French, should be the administrative language in the Dutch-speaking provinces under Burgundian rule (i.e. Flanders, Brabant and Holland) and that the
2372:). Following civil registry, the form at time of registry became permanent. Hence today many Dutch people are named after ancestors living in the early 19th century when civil registry was introduced to the
633:
3568:, creating their own distinct sub-culture centered around a semi-nomadic lifestyle and isolated patriarchal communities. By the eighteenth century there had emerged a new people in Africa who identified as
5674:
The achievements of the Flemish partisans inspired their colleagues in Brabant and Liège to revolt and raise similar demands; Flemish military incursions provoked the same reaction in Dordrecht and Utrecht
4625:
2923:. Culturally, modern Frisians and the (Northern) Dutch are rather similar; the main and generally most important difference being that Frisians speak West Frisian, one of the three sub-branches of the
5284:
4680:
3862:
of the Canadian soldiers who liberated the Netherlands. There were officially 1,886 Dutch war brides emigrating to Canada, ranking second after British war brides. During the war Canada had sheltered
1410:
of the 19th and 20th centuries never really caught on in the Netherlands. The (re)definition of Dutch cultural identity has become a subject of public debate following the increasing influence of the
1225:. The Dutch provinces, though fighting alone now, for the first time in their history found themselves fighting a common enemy. This, together with the growing number of Dutch intelligentsia and the
5211:
1903:
is spoken, a daughter language of Dutch, which itself was an official language of South Africa until 1983. The Dutch, Flemish and Surinamese governments coordinate their language activities in the
7519:
4288:
The Caribbean Netherlands are treated as a municipality of the Netherlands and the inhabitants are considered in law and practice to be "Dutch", even if they might not identify as such personally.
1688:
1241:
535:
Including 16 million self-identified ethnically Dutch inhabitants of the Netherlands, 2 million (at most) living abroad, and another 14–15 million who declare Dutch ancestry worldwide, including
7206:
4446:
1104:(in charge of dikes, canals, etc.) in the Dutch delta and coastal regions resulted in an exceptionally high degree of communal organisation. It is also around this time, that ethnonyms such as
1431:. These legal concepts refer to place of birth and citizenship rather than cultural background and do not coincide with the more fluid concepts of ethnicity used by cultural anthropologists.
5159:
2821:
independent states for much of their history, as well as the importance of local Dutch dialects (which often largely correspond with the provinces themselves) to the people who speak them.
1134:
7847:
4494:
1174:
However, the centralist policies of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, at first violently opposed by the cities of the Low Countries, had a profound impact and changed this. During
3526:
Since VOC employees proved inept farmers, tracts of land were granted to married Dutch citizens who undertook to spend at least twenty years in South Africa. Upon the revocation of the
2873:
dialects natively, or are influenced by them when they speak the Standard form of Dutch. Economically and culturally, the traditional centre of the region have been the provinces of
1768:) is considered a well known sound, perceived as typical for the language. Other relatively well known features of the Dutch language and usage are the frequent use of digraphs like
4998:
3591:) and religion remain undeniably linked to that of the Netherlands, Afrikaner culture has been strongly shaped by three centuries in South Africa. Afrikaans, which developed from
5919:
1258:
together with attempts at diminishing the traditional autonomy of the cities and estates in the Low Countries, followed by the religious oppression after being transferred to
2893:, its ethnically Dutch population is estimated to be just under 10,000,000. Northern Dutch culture has been less under French influence than the Southern Dutch culture area.
6575:; it states the dividing line between both areas lies where "the great rivers divide the Brabantic from the Hollandic dialects and where Protestantism traditionally begins".
5476:
1026:), whereas the Franks in the Low Countries retained their language, which would evolve into Dutch. The current Dutch-French language border has (with the exception of the
1451:
tendencies. During the first half of the 20th century, there was a prolific surge in writings concerning the subject. One of its most active proponents was the historian
8118:
5815:
4524:
8214:
2885:, although for a brief period during the 13th or 14th century it lay more towards the east, when various eastern towns and cities aligned themselves with the emerging
5726:
5249:
The actual independence was accepted by in the 1648 treaty of Munster, in practice the Dutch Republic had been independent since the last decade of the 16th century.
4399:"Afrikaners constitute nearly three million out of approximately 53 million inhabitants of the Republic of South Africa, plus as many as half a million in diaspora."
1198:
had the right to hold meetings without the monarch's permission or presence. The overall tenor of the document (which was declared void by Mary's son and successor,
1010:, was not dominated by Franks. Though the Frankish leaders controlled most of Western Europe, the Franks themselves were confined to the Northwestern part (i.e. the
4809:
3630:
713:, forming a part of their respective peripheries and the various territories of which they consisted had become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the
3060:. In both cases, the Catholic Austrians and Flemish do not see themselves as sharing the fundamentally Protestant-based identities of their northern counterparts.
7611:
6635:
Wy wolle ús taal, dy't foar ús identiteit beskiedend is, befoarderje en útbouwe. (We want to promote and develop our language, which is defining for our identity)
6509:
6434:
5063:
4617:
4595:
5629:(sometimes called communes)—fighting groups bound together by an oath—as happened during a Flemish crisis in 1127–28 in Ghent and Brugge and in Utrecht in 1159.
7881:
7727:
5623:
The development of a town's autonomy sometimes advanced somewhat spasmodically because of violent conflicts with the prince. The citizens then united, forming
7761:
5280:
4737:
772:. However, in contemporary times, the majority no longer adhere to a particular Christian denomination. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of
5462:
It derives from Low Franconian, the speech of the Western Franks, which was restructured through contact with speakers of North Sea Germanic along the coast.
4672:
5328:
4472:
4377:
2673:, who eventually succeeded in converting most of the inhabitants by the 8th century. Since then, Christianity has been the dominant religion in the region.
7537:
1712:
spoken by around 29 million people. Old Frankish, a precursor of the Dutch standard language, was first attested around 500, in a Frankish legal text, the
1254:
barriers, traditional strife between towns, and provincial particularism continued to form an impediment to more thorough unification. Following excessive
5846:
3790:
The Dutch had settled in North America long before the establishment of the United States of America. For a long time the Dutch lived in Dutch colonies (
2264:) are adapted, not only in pronunciation but also in spelling. For example, by merging and capitalising the affixes and main parts of the surnames (e.g.
1052:
729:
characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a relatively early date. During the Republic the first series of large-scale Dutch migrations outside of
717:, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from
5973:
991:
from around 500 to 700. On a political level, the Frankish warlords abandoned tribalism and founded a number of kingdoms, eventually culminating in the
7817:
6717:
6021:
5665:
5642:
5614:
5574:
5536:
5517:
5397:
4345:
1503:
The 1970s marked the beginning of formal cultural and linguistic cooperation between Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands on an international scale.
882:, the emergence of a new political system, centered on kings, and a continuing process of emerging mutual unintelligibility of their various dialects.
7626:
The U.S. declared its independence in 1776. The first Dutch settlement was built in 1614: Fort Nassau, where presently Albany, New York is positioned.
7210:
4438:
2970:, the Southern regions were more powerful, as well as more culturally and economically developed. At the end of the Dutch Revolt, it became clear the
2705:, sent troops to crush the rebellion and make the Low Countries a Catholic region once more. The Protestants in the southern Low Countries fled North
7636:
5030:
5190:
1492:('New Order') of creating a single pan-Germanic racial state. During the entire Nazi occupation, the Germans denied any assistance to Greater Dutch
8809:
6417:(whether written separately or joined, capitalized or not) stamp the bearer as Dutch and merely mean 'at', 'at the', 'of', 'from' and 'from the'" (
6319:
5152:
4783:
3515:. Some of the earliest mulatto communities in the country were subsequently formed through unions between colonists, enslaved people, and various
8963:
7855:
6094:
1178:'s many wars, which were a major economic burden for the Burgundian Netherlands, tensions slowly increased. In 1477, the year of Charles' sudden
940:, were already living in the Low Countries prior to the forming of the Frankish confederation), began to incur the northwestern provinces of the
7471:
5406:
The Franks, who had settled in Toxandria, in Brabant, were given the job of defending the border areas, which they did until the mid-5th century
3028:, it is argued that the Dutch-speaking populations of the Netherlands and Belgium have a number of common characteristics, with a mostly shared
8938:
8207:
7795:
7153:
7099:
4905:
3317:
delta region, seeking religious freedom and exemption from military service. The territories which they settled were located in the regions of
1469:
8893:
8697:
5453:
3486:
7020:
2390:; the name is based on the location on which the bearer lives or lived. In Dutch this form of surname nearly always includes one or several
1832:
and Limburgish are cross border dialects in this respect. Lastly, the dialectal situation is characterised by the major distinction between
9118:
8607:
7903:
5766:
Source, the aforementioned 3rd chapter (p3), together with the initial paragraphs of chapter 4, on the establishment of the Dutch Republic.
3753:
workers it, and to a lesser extent New Zealand, seemed an attractive possibility, with the Dutch government actively promoting emigration.
2194:, "from/of the"). These affixes are not merged, nor capitalised by default. The second affix in a Dutch surname is never capitalised (e.g.
7702:
3511:, in 1652. Dutch colonisers began arriving shortly thereafter, making the Cape home to the oldest Western-based civilisation south of the
1034:
and the surrounding municipalities in Belgium) remained virtually identical ever since, and could be seen as marking the furthest pale of
4990:
6288:
8841:
6659:
Mahmood, Cynthia; Armstrong, Sharon L K (January 1992). "Do Ethnic Groups Exist?: A Cognitive Perspective on the Concept of Cultures".
4769:
2771:
2205:). The first affix in a Dutch surname is only capitalised if it is not preceded by a first name, initial or other surname. For example
2030:
to refer to any or all of the Germanic speakers on the European mainland (e.g. the Dutch, the Frisians and the Germans). Gradually its
5555:
2075:" (same meaning in both English and Dutch), a reference to the geographical texture of the Dutch homeland; the western portion of the
1386:
region only comprises two of the twelve provinces, and 40% of the Dutch citizens. The same holds for the country being referred to as
9451:
9300:
9290:
8908:
8200:
7493:
5785:
1747:
resulted in what would become (High) German. Dutch underwent none of these sound changes and thus occupies a central position in the
1115:
In the second half of the 14th century, the dukes of Burgundy gained a foothold in the Low Countries through the marriage in 1369 of
7663:
7551:
6349:
5912:
5378:
3596:
2974:
were unable to reconquer the North, while the North's military was too weak to conquer the South, which, under the influence of the
8417:
875:
6776:(1991)." L. Beheydt, "Delen Vlaanderen en Nederland een culturele identiteit?", in P. Gillaerts, H. van Belle, L. Ravier (eds.),
6187:
5473:
5086:
4238:
spoken in northeastern Netherlands, is used by people who ethnically identify as "Dutch" despite perceived linguistic differences.
3816:(32nd, elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms),
3079:
during the late 19th and early 20th centuries that saw little help from the Dutch government (which for a long time following the
9330:
8836:
7961:
7728:"Imigração Holandesa no Brasil. Glossário. História, Sociedade e Educação no Brasil – HISTEDBR – Faculdade de Educação – UNICAMP"
6258:
5943:
4842:
6986:
5308:
920:, such as the Frisians, Germans, English and the Nordic (Scandinavian) peoples. In the Low Countries, this phase began when the
8903:
8439:
6129:
5524:; "The administrative organization of the Low Countries ... was basically the same as that of the rest of the Frankish empire."
5499:
4968:
2962:
The Southern Dutch sphere generally consists of the areas in which the population was traditionally Catholic. During the early
1720:, and has a written record of more than 1500 years, although the material before around 1200 is fragmentary and discontinuous.
8115:
9189:
8166:
7421:
7374:
7341:
7178:
6973:
6838:
6811:
6622:
6227:
5807:
5720:
5428:
5096:
4531:
4425:
3238:(mainly taking place between the 10th and 13th century), a number of Dutchmen moved as well. They settled mainly east of the
2430:(Dutch language does not distinguish between "of" and "from" both indicated by "van"), Dutch surnames can sometimes refer to
7184:
5136:
3587:, which are partly defined by different traditions of society, law, and historical economic bases. Although their language (
1320:) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies (mainly the
916:
The general situation described above is applicable to most if not all modern European ethnic groups with origins among the
9054:
8958:
8866:
8846:
8569:
8391:
7437:
5710:
4715:
2755:
559:
7113:
6571:
This image is based on the rough definition given by in the 2005 " number 3" edition of the magazine "Neerlandia" by the
6379:
9222:
4813:
3801:
Nevertheless, many Dutch American communities remained virtually isolated towards the rest of North America up until the
1221:
sought even further centralist reforms, which, accompanied by religious dictates and excessive taxation, resulted in the
874:, a series of monumental changes took place within these Germanic societies. Among the most important of these are their
6828:
6520:
6469:
9350:
9081:
8943:
8933:
8923:
8824:
8312:
7607:
6431:
5055:
3808:
Most future waves of Dutch immigrants were quickly assimilated. There have been five U.S. presidents of Dutch descent:
8186:
7114:"Article on Dutch settlers in Poland published by the Polish Genealogical Society of America and written by Z. Pentek"
4867:
4587:
3250:. After the capture of territory along the Elbe and Havel Rivers in the 1160s, Dutch settlers from flooded regions in
2592:
2416:. Many emigrants removed the spacing and capitalised these words, leading to derived names for well-known people like
9232:
9227:
9123:
9113:
9098:
9004:
8953:
8948:
8814:
8444:
8302:
8279:
8143:
8104:
8090:
8069:
8055:
7673:
7593:
7244:
6769:
6497:
1287:
1195:
7877:
7735:
6422:
3126:
The largest genetic differences within the Netherlands are observed between the North and the South (with the three
3010:. Southern Dutch culture has been influenced more by French culture, as opposed to the Northern Dutch culture area.
9392:
9108:
8928:
8913:
8888:
8759:
8600:
8353:
8264:
7765:
4744:
3867:
3592:
2759:
1206:
8553:
8037:
8026:
9375:
9345:
9258:
9199:
9128:
9059:
9049:
9019:
9009:
8223:
4564:
4367:
3775:
2850:
1888:
1736:
612:
as their native language, which is a mutually intelligible sister language of Dutch that developed in the Colony.
4468:
4030:
In Suriname the Dutch migrant settlers in search of a better life started arriving in the 19th century with the
3843:. The largest wave was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when large numbers of Dutch helped settle the
9340:
9071:
9064:
9024:
8306:
6572:
4810:"Table 5 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2009"
4621:
4154:
3663:
3107:
2601:
2110:
Dutch surnames (and surnames of Dutch origin) are generally easily recognisable. Many Dutch surnames feature a
1849:
1328:) and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and by the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands after 1815.
5838:
4927:
3706:
9305:
9044:
9039:
9014:
8574:
8532:
8348:
7929:
6163:
Nederlant, znw. o. I) Laag of aan zee gelegen land. 2) het land aan den Nederrijn; Nedersaksen, -duitschland.
6029:
5970:
5662:
5639:
5611:
5571:
5533:
5514:
5394:
5374:
Britannica: "They were divided into three groups: the Salians, the Ripuarians, and the Chatti, or Hessians."(
2635:
7825:
6709:
4337:
3368:, also had a number of Dutch immigrants, mostly working as craftsmen. Arguably the most famous of which was
2329:. Though written differently, pronunciation remains identical. Dialectal variety also commonly occurs, with
1979:) people". As the tribes among the Germanic peoples began to differentiate its meaning began to change. The
1743:
resulted in certain early Germanic languages evolving into what are now English and West Frisian, while the
9310:
9209:
9103:
9086:
9034:
9029:
8876:
8829:
8476:
8429:
8424:
8369:
8269:
8252:
8247:
4618:"Estimated overseas-born population resident in the United Kingdom by sex, by country of birth (Table 1.4)"
4035:
3947:
from 1630 to 1661. There are a considerable number of people who are descendants of the Dutch colonists in
3655:
1246:
1142:
423:
7640:
5021:
4404:
3858:
and World War II. After the war a large number of Dutch immigrants moved to Canada, including a number of
3345:
authorities took over and its government eliminated exemption from military service on religious grounds.
9355:
9295:
9268:
9184:
9093:
8994:
8982:
8861:
8819:
8804:
8692:
8593:
8491:
8434:
8237:
4372:
4216:
Estimate based on the population of the Netherlands, without the southern provinces and non-ethnic Dutch.
4104:
2652:
2611:
1913:'), an institution also responsible for governing the Dutch Standard language, for example in matters of
1744:
785:
579:
7848:"Holandeses no Brasil – Radio Nederland, a emissora internacional e independente da Holanda – Português"
6792:
Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: Accounting for the past, 1650–2000; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.
6311:
5194:
4787:
1447:-movements seeking to unite the Dutch-speaking peoples across the continent, while trying to counteract
854:. Following the end of the migration period in the West around 500, with large federations (such as the
9411:
9365:
9246:
9217:
9194:
9147:
8635:
8627:
8548:
8374:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8317:
8274:
8259:
6091:
4176:
In the 1950s (the peak of traditional emigration) about 350,000 people left the Netherlands, mainly to
3863:
3791:
2767:
1864:
1230:
1210:
948:, one of the three main subdivisions among the Frankish alliance, settled the area's Southern lands as
912:
to Christianity would have great significance in helping shape the identity of the future Dutch people.
797:
17:
2919:, are an ethnic group present in the north of the Netherlands, mainly concentrated in the province of
604:) trace their ancestry to the Netherlands, being descendants of Dutch colonisers, who established the
9273:
9169:
9133:
8648:
8522:
8412:
8384:
7463:
4129:
3952:
3784:
3097:
2711:. Most of the Dutch Protestants were now concentrated in the free Dutch provinces north of the river
2646:
2489:
1759:
1740:
1439:
As did many European ethnicities during the 19th century, the Dutch also saw the emerging of various
1100:
964:
7787:
7637:"How the Dutch became Americans, American Civil War. (includes reference on fighting for the North)"
4897:
3854:
While interrupted by World War I, this migration returned in the 1920s, but again halted during the
9360:
9325:
9320:
8456:
8451:
8407:
8242:
6922:"Association Between Autozygosity and Major Depression: Stratification Due to Religious Assortment"
6000:
5450:
4420:
Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of
4124:
3928:
3504:
2670:
2666:
2496:, on the appearance or character of the bearer (at least at the time of registration). For example
2365:
1833:
1795:
The Dutch language has many dialects. These dialects are usually grouped into six main categories;
1777:
1764:
1325:
1321:
7880:[Cities preserve traditions of colonists] (in Portuguese). Bem Paraná. 20 September 2007.
7042:
Thompson, James Westfall (7 October 2017). "Dutch and Flemish Colonization in Mediaeval Germany".
5261:
Demografische ontwikkelingen in West-Europa van de vijftiende tot het einde van de achttiende eeuw
3535:
residing in South Africa, and around the end of Dutch rule in 1806 the number had reached 13,360.
2795:, the urban agglomeration in the West of the country, and the other provinces of the Netherlands.
983:, which was first attested in the 6th century, whereas religiously the Franks (beginning with the
9380:
8661:
7012:
5572:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online (use fee site); entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
4298:
3940:
3924:
3462:
3115:
2998:. In the Netherlands, an oft-used adage used for indicating this cultural boundary is the phrase
1748:
1709:
1654:
1644:
1171:) economic similarities, there was still little sense of political unity among the Dutch people.
8192:
7497:
3088:
within Belgium, a consciousness of which can be very marked among some Dutch-speaking Belgians.
2719:
in 1648, Protestantism did not spread South, resulting in a difference in religious situations.
2715:, while the Catholic Dutch were situated in the Spanish-occupied or -dominated South. After the
1844:
Dutch immigrants. The Dutch language nevertheless had a significant impact on the region around
1421:
In sociological studies and governmental reports, ethnicity is often referred to with the terms
1155:, signed on 26 July 1581, was the formal declaration of independence of the Dutch Low Countries.
1002:
However, the population make-up of the Frankish Empire, or even early Frankish kingdoms such as
842:
In the first centuries CE, the Germanic tribes formed tribal societies with no apparent form of
9076:
8749:
8001:
Suriname, Land of Seven Peoples: Social Mobility in a Plural Society, an Ethno-historical Study
7694:
7679:
7366:
6365:
4341:
3840:
3651:
2930:
According to a 1970 inquiry, West Frisians identified themselves more with the Dutch than with
2444:
mostly reflects the place of origin of the family and not any aristocratic claim to a holding (
2257:
1785:
1604:
1056:
748:
and clothing, some of which are globally recognisable. Internationally, Dutch painters such as
31:
7413:
7407:
3159:
North during the last centuries. During the last 50 years or so there was a large increase of
9446:
9164:
7759:
6987:"Boise State University thesis by E.L. Knox on the German Eastward Expansion ('Ostsiedlung')"
6477:
6280:
4525:"Number of people with the Dutch nationality in Belgium as reported by Statistic Netherlands"
4302:
4024:
3813:
3600:
3140:
2910:
2775:
1724:
968:
436:
5552:
4368:"Table B04006 – People Reporting Ancestry – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
3971:, where they founded a few cities. The majority of Dutch Brazilians reside in the states of
2026:, meaning "German (people)"). At first the English language used (the contemporary form of)
657:. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in
9420:
8856:
8774:
8754:
4262:, spoken in southeastern Netherlands is used by people who ethnically identify as Dutch or
4134:
4119:
4047:
3723:
3338:
2927:, alongside Dutch, and they find this to be a defining part of their identity as Frisians.
2455:
2417:
2276:
2076:
1910:
1407:
1283:
1275:
1263:
1018:) of the Empire. Eventually, the Franks in Northern France were assimilated by the general
941:
5777:
5375:
4961:"Regeling – Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba – BWBR0028063"
3740:
to visit Australia and New Zealand, colonisation did not take place and it was only after
8:
9385:
8999:
8918:
8789:
8769:
8764:
8379:
7555:
6345:
4421:
4000:
3960:
3731:
3182:
2975:
2716:
2470:. This practice is similar to English surnames (the example names translate perfectly to
1484:. The Germans however refused to do so, as this conflicted with their ultimate goal, the
1440:
1341:
1214:
1199:
805:
745:
432:
86:
4202:
Autochtone population at 1 January 2006, Central Statistics Bureau, Integratiekaart 2006
3429:. More to the South, cities historically housing many Dutch traders have retained Dutch
3322:
1271:
1233:, as a whole, gained international prestige, consolidated the Dutch as an ethnic group.
9425:
8799:
8722:
7359:
7147:
7093:
7067:
7059:
6946:
6921:
6896:
6871:
6676:
6179:
6136:
extensively used that name to stress the Dutch as an ancient Germanic people. (Source:
5128:
4711:
4076:
4004:
3817:
3802:
3430:
3393:
3342:
3080:
2698:
2607:
2485:
2435:
2353:
1723:
As a West Germanic language, Dutch is related to other languages in that group such as
1493:
1487:
1218:
1160:
1027:
801:
563:
7953:
5940:
4835:
2657:
Prior to the arrival of Christianity, the ancestors of the Dutch adhered to a form of
8794:
8744:
8726:
8162:
8139:
8100:
8086:
8065:
8051:
7923:
7669:
7589:
7531:
7417:
7370:
7337:
7240:
7174:
7071:
6990:
6969:
6951:
6901:
6834:
6807:
6765:
6493:
6341:
6254:
6045:
Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages
5716:
5424:
5329:"Wat maakt Nederland tot Nederland? Over identiteit blijken we verrassend eensgezind"
5305:
5124:
5092:
4763:
3980:
3821:
3795:
3671:
3496:
3492:
3389:
3373:
3349:
3120:
2924:
2681:
2662:
2658:
2619:
2387:
2135:
1860:
1634:
1624:
1461:('The History of the Dutch tribe/people') as well as numerous essays on the subject.
1168:
1152:
1071:
1039:
847:
737:
710:
605:
8076:
The making of Dutch towns: A study in urban development from the 10th–17th centuries
5992:
5495:
3976:
3972:
3901:
3870:
during and after the war, Canada became a popular destination for Dutch immigrants.
9315:
8784:
8735:
8670:
8643:
8527:
8157:
7051:
6941:
6933:
6891:
6883:
6668:
6604:
Fred M. Shelley, Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders, 2013, page 97
6061:
4109:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3855:
3809:
3727:
3696:
3385:
3275:
3076:
2886:
2798:
In Dutch, the cultural division between North and South is also referred to by the
2763:
2623:
2493:
2475:
2207:
2161:
2061:
1976:
1852:
1728:
1614:
1465:
1418:
period. In this debate typically Dutch traditions have been put to the foreground.
1394:. In January 2020, the Dutch government officially dropped its support of the word
1267:
1226:
1183:
1175:
1164:
833:
829:
445:
6614:
6231:
6092:
As many as 100,000 New Zealanders are estimated to have Dutch blood in their veins
5663:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5640:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5612:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5534:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5515:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5395:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
8968:
8851:
8730:
8702:
8515:
8122:
8041:
8030:
7954:"Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil"
7615:
7168:
6473:
6438:
6426:
6383:
6353:
6098:
6004:
5977:
5947:
5923:
5900:
5669:
5646:
5618:
5578:
5559:
5540:
5521:
5503:
5480:
5457:
5418:
5401:
5382:
5312:
5140:
5132:
4408:
4259:
4231:
4139:
3935:). A significant number of Dutch immigrants arrived in that period. The state of
3836:
3829:
3812:(8th, first president who was not of British descent, first language was Dutch),
3780:
3770:
3766:
3527:
3401:
3396:) have towns and village with an etymologically Dutch origin. In the area around
3152:
3072:
2870:
2732:
2691:
2479:
2458:; the name is based on the occupation of the bearer. Well known examples include
2357:
2023:
1967:
1949:
1837:
1732:
1594:
1584:
1444:
1369:
1190:
1179:
1116:
1093:
1023:
992:
917:
765:
571:
483:
428:
113:
7441:
7207:"Article published by the Mercator Research center on Dutch settlers in Siberia"
6872:"Population structure, migration, and diversifying selection in the Netherlands"
5969:
sentence, found in the Salic Law, a legal text written around 500. (Source: the
5496:
W. Pijnenburg, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & D. Wortel, Oudnederlands Woordenboek
4991:"Regeling – Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba – BWBR0028142"
3144:
South of the Netherlands, and/or Northern Europeans more to the Northern parts.
1098:(1200) were widely enjoyed. The various city guilds as well as the necessity of
8779:
8717:
8712:
8486:
7117:
6442:
6376:
4707:
4255:
4251:
4144:
4114:
4099:
4051:
4012:
3944:
3844:
3825:
3750:
3682:
3643:
3625:
3520:
3410:
3381:
3353:
3271:
3247:
3177:
3127:
2935:
2804:
2379:
2253:
2039:
2031:
1884:
1703:
1568:
1513:
1411:
1379:
1374:
1313:
1279:
1259:
1085:
960:
851:
722:
654:
626:
601:
418:
202:
73:
7086:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III
6937:
9440:
9278:
8683:
8510:
7140:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI
6466:
5892:
5474:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'West Germanic languages'. 10 May. 2009
5218:
4189:
4149:
4094:
3794:), owned and regulated by the Dutch Republic, which later became part of the
3512:
3419:
3302:
3156:
3148:
3053:
2983:
2931:
2916:
2878:
2874:
2838:
2799:
2741:
2615:
2373:
2113:
1845:
1121:
1035:
945:
769:
702:
698:
487:
122:
5935:
For example he gave explicit orders not to create a voluntary Greater Dutch
4898:"Regeling – Instellingsbesluit Consultatief Orgaan Fries 2010 – BWBR0027230"
4306:
3604:
grammar. The dialects are no longer considered quite mutually intelligible.
3147:
The north–south differences were likely maintained by the relatively strong
2684:
and the County of Flanders, where secret open-air sermons were held, called
846:(chiefs only being elected in times of war), had religious beliefs based on
9179:
6955:
6905:
4875:
4411:– Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
4197:
4089:
4020:
4008:
3932:
3847:. During this period significant numbers also settled in major cities like
3741:
3519:
tribes. This led to the development of a major South African ethnic group,
3500:
3139:
levels). The correlation with genome-wide homozygosity likely reflects the
2995:
2991:
2967:
2702:
2261:
2191:
1980:
1892:
1872:
1840:). Some linguists subdivide these into approximately 28 distinct dialects.
1825:
1808:
1800:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1448:
1415:
1365:
1307:
1222:
1147:
1138:
1060:
988:
976:
924:, themselves a union of multiple smaller tribes (many of them, such as the
895:
879:
871:
816:
761:
736:
The traditional arts and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of
726:
690:
646:
477:
132:
3988:
3805:, in which the Dutch fought for the North and adopted many American ways.
2946:
country. Historically the whole Dutch North Seacoast was known as Frisia.
2722:
955:
8898:
8665:
8616:
6887:
6419:
5896:
5553:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'Fleming and Walloon'. 12 May. 2009
5356:
4960:
4673:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination"
4181:
3964:
3746:
3711:
3659:
3617:
3423:
3357:
3287:
3267:
3255:
3235:
3064:
3041:
3025:
2963:
2890:
2858:
2788:
2677:
2627:
2577:('the white'). There is also a set of made up or descriptive names; e.g.
2431:
2155:
2143:
1958:
1914:
1452:
1345:
1291:
1159:
Despite their growing linguistic and cultural unity, and (in the case of
1019:
996:
984:
777:
694:
650:
574:
also form a sizable minority, especially in the south on the border with
536:
449:
232:
182:
4338:"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd en nationaliteit op 1 januari; 1995-2023"
4266:
and regionally as "Limburgers" despite perceived linguistic differences.
3897:
3538:
9283:
8585:
8034:
8023:
7063:
6764:
Nederlandse en Vlaamse identiteit, Civis Mundi 2006 by S.W Couwenberg.
6680:
5191:"Dutch-born 2001, Figure 3 in DEMOS, 21, 4. Nederlanders over de grens"
4556:
4247:
4235:
4039:
3984:
3968:
3936:
3580:
3545:
3478:
3466:
3426:
3298:
3279:
3222:
3165:
3160:
3136:
3068:
2987:
2939:
2846:
2181:
2139:
2100:
1926:
1820:
1816:
1755:
1715:
1427:
937:
593:
504:
472:
454:
332:
108:(Self-identified ethnic Dutch and those legally treated as Dutch, e.g.
5915:
Het nationaal-socialistische beeld van de geschiedenis der Nederlanden
3948:
3330:
3135:
blue eyes), and genome-wide homozygosity (with the North having lower
1876:
1735:. Many West Germanic dialects underwent a series of sound shifts. The
670:
292:
9370:
9263:
9159:
8099:. By John Hunt, Heather-Ann Campbell. Troubador Publishing Ltd 2005,
5966:
5936:
4193:
4177:
4084:
3913:
3859:
3715:
3588:
3571:
3563:
3531:
3508:
3474:
3457:
3369:
3318:
3306:
3057:
3049:
2979:
2920:
2906:
2866:
2862:
2842:
2745:
2631:
1900:
1829:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1789:
1473:
1135:
Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries
1011:
1007:
980:
949:
925:
899:
843:
837:
760:
are held in high regard. The predominant religion among the Dutch is
749:
714:
686:
674:
609:
597:
440:
242:
152:
109:
6968:
Taschenatlas Weltgeschichte, part 1, by H. Kinder and W. Hilgemann.
6672:
6559:
Dutch Culture in a European Perspective; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.
6454:
Most common names of occupational origin. Source 1947 Dutch census.
3102:
3056:, despite the similarities they share with southern Germans such as
3002:(Dutch: above/below the rivers), in which 'the rivers' refer to the
1952:
1286:. Apart from a brief reunification from 1815 until 1830, within the
963:
contains the oldest known depiction of Dutch individuals, the count
9174:
8739:
8688:
8679:
8503:
8481:
8129:
The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands
7760:
Embajada del Reino de los Países Bajos en Buenos Aires, Argentina.
7055:
5451:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'Dutch language' 10 May. 2009
4935:
4784:"CBS – One in eleven old age pensioners live abroad – Web magazine"
4401:
4276:
4263:
3917:
3516:
3310:
3131:
3037:
3029:
3019:
2971:
2902:
2882:
2707:
2171:
1935:
go back to Proto-Germanic, the ancestor of all Germanic languages,
1880:
1481:
1464:
During World War II, when both Belgium and the Netherlands fell to
1295:
1255:
1031:
1003:
909:
863:
773:
757:
662:
575:
567:
514:
509:
402:
372:
282:
7668:. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 192.
7336:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 13–35.
6281:"Hoofdletters in namen: Nynke van der Sluis / Nynke Van der Sluis"
5939:
division composed of soldiers from the Netherlands and Flanders. (
3996:
3992:
3757:
Australia whereas New Zealand has some 100,000 Dutch descendants.
3186:
Distribution of the Dutch and their descendants around the world.
8707:
8657:
8222:
8181:
7393:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1933. James Louis Garvin, editor.
7166:
6868:
6133:
4059:
society and some families still work in the agricultural sector.
4055:
4043:
3956:
3848:
3361:
3326:
3314:
3274:
invited several waves of Dutch and Frisians to settle throughout
3263:
3251:
3033:
2854:
2694:
2449:
1984:
1896:
1383:
1077:
933:
859:
781:
753:
458:
352:
342:
222:
172:
162:
6918:
6600:
6598:
3927:
settling in Brazil during the 17th century. They controlled the
2954:
2829:
1994:
1988:
1961:
1708:
Dutch is the main language spoken by most Dutch people. It is a
8675:
8653:
7319:
Countries and concepts: an introduction to comparative politics
4185:
3909:
3737:
3434:
3397:
3365:
3283:
3259:
3085:
2471:
1497:
1336:
1015:
929:
921:
891:
867:
855:
730:
706:
682:
678:
666:
392:
362:
312:
302:
262:
252:
192:
142:
7603:
7601:
5808:"Wennen aan The Netherlands, want Holland bestaat niet langer"
5273:
3963:. During the 19th and 20th century, Dutch immigrants from the
3662:
or Dutch-Indonesians. The expulsion of Dutchmen following the
904:
7365:(1996 ed.). David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd. pp.
6595:
6068:. The American Presidents Series. Times Books. pp. 6–7.
3689:
3647:
3621:
3384:
church is present, and a number of border districts (such as
3258:, but also settled in and around major German cities such as
3243:
3007:
3003:
2813:
2809:
2712:
1868:
1754:
Standard Dutch has a sound inventory of thirteen vowels, six
1526:
Approximate distribution of native Dutch speakers worldwide.
741:
718:
658:
382:
322:
272:
212:
6755:
National minorities in Europe, W. Braumüller, 2003, page 20.
6492:
The Dutch Republic Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806,
6393:
may be observed in German names denoting nobility while the
3892:
2889:. The entire Northern Dutch cultural area is located in the
7598:
7170:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. History, Memory, Legacy
5299:
3904:, Brazil. Mill and houses in Dutch architecture on the left
3642:
Since the 16th century, there has been a Dutch presence in
3635:
3584:
3576:, rather than Dutchmen, after the land they had colonised.
3482:
3239:
1477:
1364:
as a national denominator on much the same grounds as many
5926:
by I. Schöffer. Amsterdam University Press. 2006. Page 92.
4439:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables"
3270:
and Brandenburg. From the 13th to the 15th centuries, the
2000:
1936:
8097:
Dutch South Africa: early settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708
7391:
Encyclopedia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Casting
7361:
Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order
7334:
Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708
5237:
Handboek tot de staatkundige geschiedenis der Nederlanden
3329:
in central Poland. These communities became known as the
2701:, felt it was his duty to fight Protestantism and, after
1987:
for example gradually stopped referring to themselves as
653:. They share a common ancestry and culture and speak the
3364:
in search for fertile land. The Russian capital itself,
3063:
In the case of Belgium, there is the added influence of
2289:
Dutch names can differ greatly in spelling. The surname
1022:
population, and took over their dialects (which became
8136:
The Persistence of Ethnicity: Dutch Calvinist pioneers
6615:"Ynterfryske ferklearring (Inter-Frisian Declaration)"
5652:
period, when attacks on merchant caravans were common.
4836:"SEF: Relatório de Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo 2022"
1182:, the Low Countries rebelled against their new liege,
7818:"Agência CT – Ministério da Ciência & Tecnologia"
7494:"The Afrikaans Language | about | language"
7486:
7464:"Afrikaans language – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
6042:
4557:"New Zealand government website on Dutch-Australians"
3991:. There are also small groups of Dutch Brazilians in
1414:
and the influx of non-Western immigrants in the post-
6830:
Languages in contact and conflict ... – Google Books
6646:
Frisia. 'Facts and fiction' (1970), by D. Tamminga.
5355:, part I: till 1648. Page 203, 'A new religion', by
5013:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4309:
who may ethnically further also identify as "Dutch".
4066:
2669:) missionaries arrived. They were later replaced by
1516:, which would result in a number around 33,000,000.
6827:Wright, Sue; Kelly-Holmes, Helen (1 January 1995).
6567:
6565:
6101:(some 2% of the current population of New Zealand).
2857:for the country in which they form a majority; the
2517:Other surnames may relate to animals. For example;
2349:There are several main types of surnames in Dutch:
1053:
History of urban centers in the Dutch Low Countries
7358:
7235:Thomas McGhee, Charles C.; N/A, N/A, eds. (1989).
6826:
5839:"Wat is het verschil tussen Holland en Nederland?"
5029:. Centraal Bureau voor der Statistiek. p. 5.
2853:, exemplified by the use of "Dutch" itself as the
2541:('The Falcon'); to a desired social status; e.g.,
1920:
7608:Nederland-Australie 1606–2006 on Dutch emigration
7552:"Easternization of the West: Children of the VOC"
7526:. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008.
6589:Voor wie Nederland en Vlaanderen wil leren kennen
6583:
6581:
6488:
6486:
6374:' in front of a Dutch name signifies nobility." (
4695:
3579:Afrikaners are dominated by two main groups, the
9438:
7998:
7536:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
7332:Hunt, John (2005). Campbell, Heather-Ann (ed.).
7234:
6658:
6562:
6060:
5267:Van agrarische samenleving naar verzorgingsstaat
4579:
4050:. Furthermore, the Surinamese ethnic group, the
1942:(meaning "national/popular"); akin to Old Dutch
30:"The Dutch" redirects here. For other uses, see
7405:
7383:
6510:"Meer dan de helft Nederlanders niet religieus"
5960:
5751:(1985), 33–36, and Knippenberg & De Pater,
5184:
5182:
5180:
4424:who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the
3569:
3561:
3543:
3119:differences between these regions that reflect
2861:. Linguistically, Northerners speak any of the
1943:
1262:, the Dutch revolted, in what would become the
7310:
7289:Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa
6864:
6862:
6578:
6483:
5204:
5188:
5145:
5117:
5056:"Helft Nederlanders is kerkelijk of religieus"
4610:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4279:, who may or may not also identify as "Dutch".
3908:In South America, the Dutch settled mainly in
3835:The first Dutch people to come to Canada were
2665:. At the start of the 6th century, the first (
2364:) had a son named Jacob, he would be known as
8601:
8224:Ethnic and national groups in the Netherlands
8208:
7910:. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008
7239:(2nd ed.). Pretoria: Varama Publishers.
7230:
7228:
6312:"[Nummer 12], Onze Taal. Jaargang 29"
5683:
5681:
5583:Thus, the town in the Low Countries became a
3487:Afrikaans speaking population in South Africa
3229:
2697:') in Dutch. The ruler of the Dutch regions,
850:and spoke a dialect still closely resembling
8110:Koopmans, Joop W., and Arend H. Huussen Jr.
7588:' (Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001)
7173:. London: Routledge – Taylor & Francis.
7167:Andrzej Chwalba; Krzysztof Zamorski (2020).
6388:
6123:
5879:Psychologie en de multiculturele samenleving
5177:
5023:De religieuze kaart van Nederland, 2010–2015
3701:
3404:
3130:– Rijn, Waal, Maas – as a border), with the
2017:
1970:
1351:
952:; Roman allies in charge of border defense.
85:
7755:
7753:
7580:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
6859:
6801:
6696:De Friezen: Op syk nei de Fryske identiteit
6607:
6587:
6542:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6394:
6369:
6208:
6161:
6155:
6137:
6117:
6111:
5993:
5913:
5877:
5752:
5689:Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands
5687:
5624:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5360:
5350:
5265:
5259:
5235:
5229:
5078:
4860:
4495:"More Than 250,000 Dutch People in Germany"
4323:
3828:(43rd), the latter two descendant from the
3555:
3444:
3438:
3413:
3106:The three largerst patterns of genome-wide
2685:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2439:
2421:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2377:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2153:
2147:
2119:
2111:
2086:
2080:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2007:
1904:
1713:
1485:
1456:
1401:
1340:A typical November scene in the Dutch town
1186:, and presented her with a set of demands.
1091:
1083:
1075:
635:
49:
8842:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
8608:
8594:
8215:
8201:
8127:Kossmann-Putto, J. A. and E. H. Kossmann.
7992:
7661:
7401:
7399:
7225:
7152:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7098:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6778:Vlaamse identiteit: mythe én werkelijkheid
6049:Martin van Buren's mother tongue was Dutch
6047:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 50.
6007:on the Dutch dialects and main groupings.
5775:
5678:
5231:Winkler Prins Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
4786:. Cbs.nl. 20 February 2007. Archived from
4706:
4414:
2676:In the early 16th century, the Protestant
1758:and twenty-three consonants, of which the
1518:
7878:"Cidades preservam tradições dos colonos"
7409:Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles
7295:
7258:
7256:
7142:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1885. p. 256.
6945:
6895:
6364:"It is a common mistake of Americans, or
5416:
4471:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012.
3692:, where the Netherlands has its embassy.
3356:, where they were offered land along the
2949:
2824:
2344:
1458:De Geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche stam
8615:
8138:. By University of Illinois Press 1992,
8112:Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
8064:. By The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1957,
7750:
7722:
7720:
7639:. Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from
7271:
7088:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 96.
7041:
5019:
4812:. Ssb.no. 1 January 2009. Archived from
4667:
4665:
4663:
3896:View of the Carambeí Historical Park in
3891:
3774:
3705:
3629:
3560:eventually turned to cattle ranching as
3537:
3456:
3297:In the early-to-mid-16th century, Dutch
3181:
3101:
2953:
2828:
2721:
2591:
2384:. Similar to English names like Johnson.
1682:
1335:
1282:, but maintained Spanish control of the
1249:at the end of World War II on 7 May 1945
1240:
1146:
954:
903:
8837:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
7396:
7350:
6252:
5084:
5048:
4955:
4953:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4431:
3507:(VOC) established its first outpost at
3254:used their expertise to build dikes in
2781:
2091:has been in continuous use since 1250.
2016:meaning "Dutch (people)" (archaic) and
1278:, acknowledged the independence of the
14:
9439:
8018:Blom, J. C. H. and E. Lamberts, eds.
7496:. Kwintessential.co.uk. Archived from
7356:
7325:
7253:
7023:from the original on 28 September 2023
6847:from the original on 28 September 2023
6693:
6625:from the original on 27 September 2018
6322:from the original on 19 September 2021
5836:
5729:from the original on 28 September 2023
5708:
5287:from the original on 23 September 2018
5105:from the original on 28 September 2023
4768:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4712:"Dutch Ethnic People in all Countries"
3499:as early as 1488, much of present-day
3325:in northern Poland, and later also in
3032:, some generally similar or identical
1999:, after their tribe. On the continent
1434:
1217:, were still implemented. The rule of
27:Ethnic group native to the Netherlands
8589:
8196:
7964:from the original on 14 December 2014
7896:
7870:
7798:from the original on 27 February 2018
7717:
5849:from the original on 1 September 2023
5818:from the original on 1 September 2023
5788:from the original on 1 September 2023
5760:
5423:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 39.
5283:. Statline.cbs.nl. 15 December 2009.
5165:from the original on 7 September 2013
4971:from the original on 25 February 2021
4868:"Taal in Nederland .:. Nedersaksisch"
4426:South African National Census of 2011
4348:from the original on 19 December 2023
4275:West Frisian is spoken by the ethnic
4172:
4170:
3246:rivers, regions largely inhabited by
2726:Religion in the Netherlands in 1849.
2680:began to form and soon spread in the
2596:The Dutch Proverbs, Bruegel the Elder
1891:(due to Suriname being a member). In
1848:. For example, the first language of
820:exact emergence of the Dutch people.
7331:
6989:. Oit.boisestate.edu. Archived from
6291:from the original on 1 February 2023
6160:(The Hague 1932 (reprinted 1994)): "
6022:"Kaart van de Nederlandse dialecten"
5776:Oostendorp, Marc van (1 June 2018).
5352:Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse stam
5036:from the original on 15 October 2017
5001:from the original on 6 November 2014
4950:
4908:from the original on 6 November 2014
4640:
4449:from the original on 27 October 2017
3951:(for example in Frederikstad, today
3530:in 1685, they were joined by French
2837:Northern Dutch culture is marked by
1834:'Hard G' and 'Soft G' speaking areas
1236:
908:The conversion of the Frankish king
96:Regions with significant populations
7554:. Dutchmalaysia.net. Archived from
7474:from the original on 31 August 2010
7262:
7013:"Nederlandse Kolonies in Duitsland"
6746:, 461–463 (Dutch language version).
6720:from the original on 18 August 2018
6619:De Fryske Rie (The Frisian Council)
5417:Arblaster, Paul (26 October 2018).
5362:Wereldbibliotheek Amsterdam/Antwerp
4718:from the original on 7 January 2019
4567:from the original on 7 January 2019
4392:
4254:variety in close proximity to both
3931:coast of Brazil from 1630 to 1654 (
3503:was ignored by Europeans until the
3286:where Dutch immigrants settled was
3075:government. This was followed by a
2042:, the Dutch refer to themselves as
1480:into combining the Netherlands and
705:were situated around the border of
24:
8048:The Xenophobe's Guide to the Dutch
8011:
7884:from the original on 23 April 2016
7665:Dutch immigration to North America
7316:
7301:
7286:
7187:from the original on 11 April 2023
6876:European Journal of Human Genetics
6544:Nederland over de schouder gekeken
6261:from the original on 7 August 2023
6157:Middelnederlandsch handwoordenboek
6019:
5485:restructured Frankish—i.e., Dutch;
4683:from the original on 19 March 2022
4505:from the original on 20 April 2019
4210:
4167:
3595:, has been influenced by English,
3452:
3422:is Dutch, rather than surrounding
3067:as the Dutch language and culture
2293:, for example is also recorded as
1331:
25:
9463:
8174:
8152:(2010), a historical encyclopedia
7705:from the original on 4 March 2023
6806:, by J.C.H Blom and E. Lamberts,
6024:[Map of Dutch dialects].
5189:Nicholaas, Han; Sprangers, Arno.
5066:from the original on 14 July 2019
4848:from the original on 23 July 2023
4628:from the original on 7 April 2015
4598:from the original on 18 June 2020
4034:, poor farmers arriving from the
3783:per U.S. county according to the
3611:
3333:, a Polish rendering of the term
3282:coast. The first place in modern
3171:
3052:do not consider themselves to be
2488:; based on nicknames relating to
2105:
1288:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1014:, the Low Countries and Northern
9452:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands
8180:
7983:America Desde Otra Frontera. La
7976:
7946:
7936:
7840:
7810:
7780:
7686:
7655:
7629:
7620:
7570:
7544:
7512:
7456:
7440:. DutchToday.com. Archived from
7430:
7199:
7160:
7132:
7106:
7078:
7035:
7005:
6979:
6962:
6912:
6820:
6795:
6786:
6758:
6749:
6732:
6309:
6190:from the original on 7 June 2008
6128:resulted in its disuse when the
5281:"CBS statline Church membership"
5153:"2001CPAncestryDetailed (Final)"
4475:from the original on 22 May 2019
4380:from the original on 1 June 2023
4069:
3873:
3760:
3736:Though the Dutch were the first
3495:explorers made contact with the
3121:evolutionary selection pressures
2559:('Emperor'); or to colour; e.g.
1788:and the use of slang, including
1468:, fascist elements (such as the
1207:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
1128:
1074:. Dutch epic literature such as
549:Predominantly of Dutch ancestry.
8083:The Dutch in America, 1609–1974
7692:
6803:Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden
6780:(Leuven 2002), 22–40, esp. 38.
6702:
6687:
6652:
6640:
6553:
6535:
6502:
6460:
6448:
6368:in general, to think that the '
6358:
6340:See the history section of the
6334:
6303:
6273:
6246:
6220:
6202:
6172:
6148:
6104:
6085:
6076:
6054:
6036:
6013:
5986:
5953:
5929:
5906:
5885:
5870:
5861:
5830:
5800:
5769:
5741:
5702:
5656:
5633:
5605:
5565:
5546:
5527:
5508:
5489:
5467:
5444:
5410:
5388:
5368:
5343:
5321:
5252:
5243:
5234:I (1977), p. 150; I.H. Gosses,
5223:
4983:
4920:
4890:
4828:
4802:
4776:
4730:
4585:
4291:
4282:
4269:
4241:
4225:
3923:The Dutch were among the first
3168:than Catholics or Protestants.
3036:, and with no clearly separate
2167:de / der / den / te / ter / ten
1921:Etymology of autonym and exonym
1889:Union of South American Nations
1737:Anglo-Frisian nasal spirant law
1406:The ideologies associated with
1326:Dutch United East India Company
1301:
815:As with all ethnic groups, the
8062:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654
6217:, which means "low" or "down".
6043:Nicoline Sijs van der (2009).
5814:(in Dutch). 31 December 2019.
5420:A History of the Low Countries
5193:. Nidi.knaw.nl. Archived from
5062:(in Dutch). 22 December 2016.
4622:Office for National Statistics
4549:
4517:
4487:
4461:
4360:
3676:
2138:positioned between a person's
1975:all meaning "(of) the common (
1673:
1500:himself, actively opposed it.
1360:) will object to being called
1318:Het Nederlandse Koloniale Rijk
1046:
585:
552:
542:
528:
476:Historically or traditionally
103:
13:
1:
8862:Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
7412:. Portobello Books. pp.
7237:The plot against South Africa
7044:American Journal of Sociology
6744:The Dutch Republic, 1477–1806
6253:Hoitink, Y. (10 April 2005).
6228:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
6213:corresponds with the English
5876:J. Knipscheer and R. Kleber,
5270:(Leiden 1993), 35–64, esp. 40
4928:"Taal in Nederland .:. Fries"
4316:
3866:and her family. Due to these
2958:Southern Dutch cultural area.
2833:Northern Dutch cultural area.
2636:Folklore of the Low Countries
2434:or aristocratic titles (e.g.
2376:. These names rarely feature
1506:
1372:would object to being called
1247:liberation of the Netherlands
1245:Dutch people celebrating the
1205:Following Mary's marriage to
78:
65:
8020:History of the Low Countries
7764:(in Spanish). Archived from
6432:Institute for Dutch surnames
6122:. However the similarity to
4019:community is in the city of
3352:also migrated as far as the
3110:variation in the Netherlands
2805:below/above the great rivers
2054:derives from the Dutch word
1143:Early Netherlandish painting
810:
7:
7662:Ganzevoort, Herman (1983).
5837:margoD (3 September 2020).
5754:De eenwording van Nederland
5306:Religion in the Netherlands
5264:", in H.A. Diederiks e.a.,
5085:Numbers, Ronald L. (2014).
4588:"Présentation des Pays-Bas"
4373:United States Census Bureau
4105:Dutch customs and etiquette
4062:
3967:immigrated to the Brazil's
3943:) was once a colony of the
3091:
3013:
2896:
2653:Religion in the Netherlands
2640:
2612:Dutch customs and etiquette
2284:
2252:is wrong. Many surnames of
2142:and the main part of their
2006:evolved into two meanings:
1993:and instead started to use
1745:Second Germanic sound shift
1678:
1312:The Dutch colonial empire (
885:
74:Dutch diaspora and ancestry
10:
9468:
8628:Kingdom of the Netherlands
8050:. Oval Projects Ltd 1999,
7987:– Surinam : 1680–1795
7788:"Brasileiros na Holanda -"
7116:. Pgsa.org. Archived from
6694:Betten, Erik (June 2013).
6028:(in Dutch). Archived from
4934:(in Dutch). Archived from
4874:(in Dutch). Archived from
3877:
3792:New Netherland settlements
3764:
3721:
3694:
3680:
3669:
3615:
3472:
3230:Central and Eastern Europe
3221:Since World War II, Dutch
3175:
3095:
3017:
2900:
2774:, both descendants of the
2768:Reformed Church in America
2766:remain strongholds of the
2650:
2644:
2605:
2599:
2587:
2187:van de / van der / van den
2098:
1924:
1865:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1701:
1577: (South) Africa (47%)
1305:
1211:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
1132:
1050:
944:. Eventually, in 358, the
889:
878:from Germanic paganism to
827:
823:
798:History of the Netherlands
795:
791:
587:
554:
544:
530:
29:
9405:
9254:
9245:
9208:
9155:
9146:
8990:
8981:
8954:Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta
8884:
8875:
8698:Development urban centers
8634:
8624:
8562:
8541:
8469:
8400:
8362:
8326:
8295:
8288:
8230:
8085:.Twayne Publishers 1975,
8081:De Jong, Gerald Francis.
7999:F.E.M. Mitrasing (1979).
7958:Base.repositorio.unesp.br
7928:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7762:"Holandeses en Argentina"
7304:Zimbabwe: A Country Study
6938:10.1007/s10519-013-9610-1
6003:28 September 2023 at the
5965:" is the oldest attested
4130:Netherlands (terminology)
3702:Australia and New Zealand
3656:modern Indonesian Islands
3360:. Some settlers left for
3236:German eastward expansion
3098:Genetic history of Europe
2772:Christian Reformed Church
2647:History of Dutch religion
2436:William, Prince of Orange
2079:. Although not as old as
1760:voiceless velar fricative
1741:Anglo-Frisian brightening
1571:outside the Netherlands.
1532: Netherlands (70.8%)
1352:Hollander vs. Nederlander
523:
500:
495:
470:
465:
416:
411:
401:
391:
381:
371:
361:
351:
341:
331:
321:
311:
301:
291:
281:
271:
261:
251:
241:
231:
221:
211:
201:
191:
181:
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
121:
100:
95:
63:
58:
47:
8121:24 February 2020 at the
8029:24 February 2020 at the
7904:"Imigrantes: Holandeses"
7792:Brasileirosnaholanda.com
7406:Dowden, Richard (2010).
7357:Keegan, Timothy (1996).
6833:. Multilingual Matters.
6774:Allemaal andersdenkenden
6710:"Bevolking (Population)"
6139:Etymologisch Woordenboek
6082:2006 New Zealand Census.
5882:(Amsterdam 2005), 76 ff.
5668:15 February 2014 at the
5645:15 February 2014 at the
5617:15 February 2014 at the
5577:15 February 2014 at the
5539:15 February 2014 at the
5520:15 February 2014 at the
5400:15 February 2014 at the
5331:. trouw.nl. 26 June 2019
5139:25 February 2005 at the
5135:to Canadian statistics.
4407:28 November 2017 at the
4160:
4125:List of Germanic peoples
4025:province of Buenos Aires
3505:Dutch East India Company
3114:The largest patterns of
2671:Anglo-Saxon missionaries
2094:
1931:The origins of the word
1476:) tried to convince the
1402:(Multi)cultural identity
1322:Dutch West India Company
1189:The subsequently issued
870:) settling the decaying
424:other regional languages
48:
8116:excerpt and text search
8035:complete edition online
8024:excerpt and text search
7732:Histedbr.fae.unicamp.br
7695:"Emigratie naar Canada"
7468:Encyclopædia Britannica
6547:(Utrecht 1986), 11–12.
6437:8 November 2007 at the
6344:article, or visit this
6180:"Hermes in uitbreiding"
5961:
5901:Greater state movements
5778:"Nederland of Holland?"
5502:19 January 2016 at the
5311:16 January 2013 at the
5020:Schmeets, Hans (2016).
4299:Portuguese-based creole
3941:Captaincy of Pernambuco
3841:United Empire Loyalists
3597:Malay-Portuguese creole
3463:Cape Dutch architecture
3301:began to move from the
3116:human genetic variation
3000:boven/onder de rivieren
2915:Frisians, specifically
2661:augmented with various
2002:
1995:
1989:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1749:West Germanic languages
1398:for the whole country.
979:gradually evolved into
786:individual spirituality
9301:Decorations and medals
8750:Burgundian Netherlands
8185:Quotations related to
7581:
6802:
6621:(in Western Frisian).
6588:
6543:
6467:The Anglo-Saxon Church
6413:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6389:
6370:
6255:"Prefixes in surnames"
6209:
6162:
6156:
6138:
6124:
6118:
6116:was used synonym with
6112:
5994:
5914:
5878:
5753:
5712:J. Huizinga (1960: 62)
5688:
5625:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5479:30 August 2011 at the
5361:
5351:
5266:
5260:
5236:
5230:
4342:Statistics Netherlands
3905:
3864:Crown Princess Juliana
3787:
3719:
3639:
3570:
3562:
3556:
3551:
3544:
3470:
3445:
3439:
3414:
3405:
3290:in 1297, once renamed
3266:and German regions of
3218:
3111:
2959:
2950:Southern Dutch culture
2834:
2825:Northern Dutch culture
2750:
2703:the wave of iconoclasm
2686:
2597:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2440:
2422:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2378:
2345:Main types of surnames
2258:English-speaking world
2186:
2176:
2166:
2154:
2148:
2112:
2087:
2081:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2018:
2008:
1905:
1859:Dutch is currently an
1784:, the ability to form
1714:
1710:West Germanic language
1699:
1550: Caribbean (0.1%)
1486:
1457:
1408:(Romantic) Nationalism
1348:
1317:
1250:
1156:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1057:Burgundian Netherlands
972:
913:
636:
592:In South Africa, most
90:
50:
32:Dutch (disambiguation)
9296:Customs and etiquette
8150:The A to Z of Belgium
7582:De uittocht uit Indie
7438:"Is Afrikaans Dutch?"
6738:Cf. Geoffrey Parker,
6592:. 1978 By J. Wilmots
6478:Catholic Encyclopedia
6420:Source: Genealogy.com
5976:27 April 2023 at the
5962:Maltho thi afrio lito
5946:22 March 2012 at the
5922:27 April 2023 at the
5558:28 April 2009 at the
5456:26 April 2015 at the
5212:Factfinder.census.gov
5088:Creationism in Europe
3895:
3814:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3778:
3709:
3633:
3601:Union of South Africa
3541:
3460:
3185:
3141:serial founder effect
3105:
2957:
2911:West Frisian language
2832:
2776:Dutch Reformed Church
2725:
2651:Further information:
2606:Further information:
2595:
2456:Occupational surnames
2448:– one who comes from
2438:). However, in Dutch
2244:are all correct, but
1697:
1544: Suriname (1.7%)
1538: Belgium (27.1%)
1339:
1244:
1150:
1133:Further information:
1094:Van den vos Reynaerde
1051:Further information:
969:Hildegard of Flanders
958:
907:
890:Further information:
828:Further information:
725:. The high degree of
496:Related ethnic groups
89:
9331:Orders of knighthood
8964:World Heritage Sites
8867:Coronavirus pandemic
8857:European debt crisis
8830:Dutch Liberation Day
8755:Habsburg Netherlands
8155:White & Boucke.
8148:Stallaerts, Robert.
8040:28 June 2011 at the
7989:, Ana Crespo Solana.
7614:28 June 2010 at the
7389:Entry: Cape Colony.
6976:, page 171. (German)
6888:10.1038/ejhg.2013.48
6541:A.M. van der Woude,
6425:22 June 2007 at the
6382:11 June 2007 at the
6110:Until World War II,
6032:on 10 December 2006.
6026:University of Vienna
5971:Old Dutch dictionary
5709:Becker, Uwe (2006).
5217:11 February 2020 at
4679:. 10 February 2014.
4422:white South Africans
4135:Netherlands Antilles
4120:List of Dutch people
4023:in the south of the
3724:New Zealand European
3443:) and Cologne/Köln (
3339:partitions of Poland
3294:after the settlers.
3077:nationalist backlash
3024:Within the field of
2787:historians, notably
2782:Cultural divergences
2418:Cornelius Vanderbilt
2370:Jacob, Williams' son
2077:North European Plain
1911:Dutch Language Union
1906:Nederlandse Taalunie
1819:. The Dutch part of
1567:People of (partial)
1496:, and, by decree of
1290:(which included the
1284:Southern Netherlands
1038:among the Franks. A
764:, encompassing both
746:architectural styles
69: 30–35 million
8939:Mountains and hills
8790:Batavian Revolution
8770:Spanish Netherlands
8765:Seventeen Provinces
7908:Terrabrasileira.net
7858:on 23 February 2009
7822:Agenciat.mct.gov.br
7500:on 7 September 2012
7321:. pp. 343–373.
7306:. pp. 237–317.
7265:To Be Born a Nation
7120:on 18 November 2010
6993:on 27 December 2008
6472:12 May 2017 at the
6352:20 May 2006 at the
6257:. Dutch Genealogy.
5867:Shetter (2002), 201
4938:on 13 February 2017
4878:on 13 February 2017
4816:on 15 November 2011
4677:migrationpolicy.org
4445:. 25 October 2017.
4054:, persons of mixed
4001:Rio Grande do Norte
3961:Rio Grande do Norte
3820:(26th), as well as
3732:Dutch New Zealander
3420:traditional dialect
3278:, mainly along the
2976:Counter-Reformation
2717:Peace of Westphalia
2490:physical appearance
2486:Cognominal surnames
2408:and variants where
2362:William, John's son
2354:Patronymic surnames
1441:Greater Netherlands
1435:Greater Netherlands
1356:Many Dutch people (
1215:Seventeen Provinces
806:History of Flanders
580:Catholic stronghold
44:
9190:Telecommunications
8800:Kingdom of Holland
8060:Boxer. Charles R.
7291:. pp. 42–591.
6234:on 6 December 2008
6097:1 May 2008 at the
6020:Hüning, Matthias.
5589:(sometimes called
5381:3 May 2015 at the
5129:Canada 2001 Census
4995:Wetten.overheid.nl
4965:Wetten.overheid.nl
4902:Wetten.overheid.nl
4790:on 5 February 2012
4714:. Joshua Project.
4624:. 28 August 2014.
4592:Diplomatie.gouv.fr
4077:Netherlands portal
4005:Mato Grosso do Sul
3906:
3818:Theodore Roosevelt
3803:American Civil War
3788:
3720:
3640:
3593:Early Modern Dutch
3552:
3471:
3372:, the mistress of
3219:
3112:
3081:Belgian Revolution
2960:
2835:
2758:, followed by 15%
2751:
2699:Philip II of Spain
2608:Dutch architecture
2598:
2502:('the tall one'),
2388:Toponymic surnames
2146:. The most common
1700:
1556: Other (0.3%)
1494:ethnic nationalism
1349:
1251:
1219:Philip II of Spain
1157:
1028:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
973:
965:Dirk II of Holland
914:
802:History of Belgium
91:
42:
9434:
9433:
9401:
9400:
9241:
9240:
9142:
9141:
9119:Political parties
9055:Foreign relations
8977:
8976:
8847:Same-sex marriage
8795:Batavian Republic
8775:Eighty Years' War
8745:Holy Roman Empire
8583:
8582:
8465:
8464:
8167:978-1-888580-44-0
8074:Burke, Gerald L.
7985:Guayana Holandesa
7768:on 14 August 2012
7558:on 14 August 2009
7524:portal.unesco.org
7423:978-1-58648-753-9
7376:978-0-8139-1735-1
7343:978-1-904744-95-5
7267:. pp. 9–327.
7213:on 2 January 2014
7180:978-1-000-20399-8
6974:978-90-5574-565-4
6926:Behavior Genetics
6882:(11): 1277–1285.
6840:978-1-85359-278-2
6812:978-90-5574-475-6
6342:Vanderbilt family
5941:Link to documents
5722:978-90-5589-275-4
5430:978-1-137-61188-8
5240:I (1974 ), 84 ff.
5125:Statistics Canada
5098:978-1-4214-1562-8
3981:Rio Grande do Sul
3822:George H. W. Bush
3796:Thirteen Colonies
3672:Dutch East Indies
3664:Indonesian Revolt
3497:Cape of Good Hope
3198: + 1,000,000
3192: Netherlands
2925:Frisian languages
2733:Roman Catholicism
2659:Germanic paganism
2620:Dutch festivities
2550:De Koninck/Koning
2508:('the big one'),
2412:is translated as
2136:family name affix
1861:official language
1695:
1671:
1670:
1512:full and partial
1466:German occupation
1276:Eighty Years' War
1264:Eighty Years' War
1237:National identity
1153:Act of Abjuration
1072:standard language
1040:dialect continuum
848:Germanic paganism
738:traditional music
711:Holy Roman Empire
619:
618:
606:Dutch Cape Colony
560:Dutch Protestants
82: 14 million
16:(Redirected from
9459:
9414:
9252:
9251:
9223:Public transport
9153:
9152:
8988:
8987:
8882:
8881:
8708:Frankish Kingdom
8671:Migration Period
8610:
8603:
8596:
8587:
8586:
8293:
8292:
8217:
8210:
8203:
8194:
8193:
8184:
8158:The UnDutchables
8005:
8004:
7996:
7990:
7980:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7950:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7933:
7927:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7854:. Archived from
7844:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7824:. Archived from
7814:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7757:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7738:on 6 August 2013
7734:. Archived from
7724:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7678:. Archived from
7659:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7648:
7633:
7627:
7624:
7618:
7605:
7596:
7584:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7535:
7527:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7403:
7394:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7364:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7317:Roskin, Roskin.
7314:
7308:
7307:
7302:Nelson, Harold.
7299:
7293:
7292:
7287:Kaplan, Irving.
7284:
7269:
7268:
7260:
7251:
7250:
7232:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7209:. Archived from
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7151:
7143:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7097:
7089:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6983:
6977:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6949:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6899:
6866:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6805:
6799:
6793:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6747:
6740:The Dutch Revolt
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6611:
6605:
6602:
6593:
6591:
6585:
6576:
6569:
6560:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6519:. Archived from
6514:
6506:
6500:
6490:
6481:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6446:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6373:
6362:
6356:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6230:. Archived from
6224:
6218:
6212:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6184:Users.pandora.be
6176:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6130:German occupiers
6127:
6121:
6115:
6108:
6102:
6089:
6083:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6066:Martin Van Buren
6062:Edward L. Widmer
6058:
6052:
6051:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6017:
6011:
6010:
5997:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5964:
5957:
5951:
5933:
5927:
5917:
5910:
5904:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5758:
5756:
5749:The Dutch Revolt
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5715:. Het Spinhuis.
5706:
5700:
5699:
5691:
5685:
5676:
5660:
5654:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5569:
5563:
5550:
5544:
5531:
5525:
5512:
5506:
5493:
5487:
5471:
5465:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5414:
5408:
5392:
5386:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5354:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5200:on 11 June 2007.
5199:
5186:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5157:
5149:
5143:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5035:
5028:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4957:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4749:
4743:. Archived from
4742:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4704:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4669:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4563:. 4 March 2009.
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4530:. Archived from
4529:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4435:
4429:
4418:
4412:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4334:
4310:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4245:
4239:
4229:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4174:
4110:Dutch Surinamese
4079:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4056:African-European
3888:Dutch Surinamese
3884:Dutch Argentines
3880:Dutch Brazilians
3856:Great Depression
3810:Martin Van Buren
3785:2020 U.S. census
3728:Dutch Australian
3697:Dutch Gold Coast
3634:Dutch family in
3575:
3567:
3559:
3549:
3448:
3442:
3417:
3408:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3038:ancestral origin
2887:Hanseatic League
2881:, or today; the
2808:" as the rivers
2764:western Michigan
2739:
2730:
2689:
2667:Hiberno-Scottish
2624:Dutch literature
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2556:De Keyzer/Keizer
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2443:
2425:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2383:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2151:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2090:
2084:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2021:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1908:
1853:Martin Van Buren
1719:
1698:A Dutch speaker.
1696:
1663: Other (3%)
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1519:
1491:
1460:
1272:Peace of Münster
1268:Union of Utrecht
1227:Dutch Golden Age
1184:Mary of Burgundy
1176:Charles the Bold
1097:
1089:
1081:
834:Migration Period
830:Germanic peoples
644:
643:
642:
640:
639:
591:
578:, a traditional
558:
548:
534:
491:
117:
104:
83:
80:
70:
67:
59:Total population
53:
45:
41:
21:
9467:
9466:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9457:
9456:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9430:
9417:
9410:
9397:
9351:Public holidays
9237:
9204:
9138:
8973:
8969:Zuiderzee Works
8871:
8852:Great Recession
8731:Frisian Freedom
8703:Frisian Kingdom
8644:Germanic tribes
8630:
8620:
8614:
8584:
8579:
8558:
8537:
8461:
8396:
8358:
8322:
8284:
8226:
8221:
8177:
8172:
8123:Wayback Machine
8042:Wayback Machine
8031:Wayback Machine
8014:
8012:Further reading
8009:
8008:
7997:
7993:
7981:
7977:
7967:
7965:
7952:
7951:
7947:
7941:
7937:
7921:
7920:
7913:
7911:
7902:
7901:
7897:
7887:
7885:
7876:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7859:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7831:
7829:
7816:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7799:
7786:
7785:
7781:
7771:
7769:
7758:
7751:
7741:
7739:
7726:
7725:
7718:
7708:
7706:
7691:
7687:
7682:on 8 July 2013.
7676:
7660:
7656:
7646:
7644:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7625:
7621:
7616:Wayback Machine
7606:
7599:
7579:Willems, Wim, '
7576:
7575:
7571:
7561:
7559:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7529:
7528:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7477:
7475:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7447:
7445:
7444:on 24 June 2012
7436:
7435:
7431:
7424:
7404:
7397:
7388:
7384:
7377:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7330:
7326:
7315:
7311:
7300:
7296:
7285:
7272:
7263:Fryxell, Cole.
7261:
7254:
7247:
7233:
7226:
7216:
7214:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7181:
7165:
7161:
7145:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7133:
7123:
7121:
7112:
7111:
7107:
7091:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7079:
7040:
7036:
7026:
7024:
7011:
7010:
7006:
6996:
6994:
6985:
6984:
6980:
6967:
6963:
6917:
6913:
6867:
6860:
6850:
6848:
6841:
6825:
6821:
6815:
6800:
6796:
6791:
6787:
6781:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6750:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6721:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6692:
6688:
6673:10.2307/3773438
6657:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6628:
6626:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6603:
6596:
6586:
6579:
6570:
6563:
6558:
6554:
6548:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6512:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6491:
6484:
6474:Wayback Machine
6465:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6439:Wayback Machine
6427:Wayback Machine
6384:Wayback Machine
6363:
6359:
6354:Wayback Machine
6339:
6335:
6325:
6323:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6292:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6264:
6262:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6207:
6203:
6193:
6191:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6154:See J. Verdam,
6153:
6149:
6143:
6109:
6105:
6099:Wayback Machine
6090:
6086:
6081:
6077:
6059:
6055:
6041:
6037:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6005:Wayback Machine
5991:
5987:
5981:
5978:Wayback Machine
5958:
5954:
5948:Wayback Machine
5934:
5930:
5924:Wayback Machine
5911:
5907:
5899:and many other
5890:
5886:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5843:When in Holland
5835:
5831:
5821:
5819:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5747:Cf. G. Parker,
5746:
5742:
5732:
5730:
5723:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5686:
5679:
5670:Wayback Machine
5661:
5657:
5647:Wayback Machine
5638:
5634:
5619:Wayback Machine
5610:
5606:
5579:Wayback Machine
5570:
5566:
5560:Wayback Machine
5551:
5547:
5541:Wayback Machine
5532:
5528:
5522:Wayback Machine
5513:
5509:
5504:Wayback Machine
5494:
5490:
5481:Wayback Machine
5472:
5468:
5458:Wayback Machine
5449:
5445:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5415:
5411:
5402:Wayback Machine
5393:
5389:
5383:Wayback Machine
5373:
5369:
5348:
5344:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:Wayback Machine
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5258:D.J. Noordam, "
5257:
5253:
5248:
5244:
5228:
5224:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5187:
5178:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5141:Wayback Machine
5122:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5099:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4932:taal.phileon.nl
4926:
4925:
4921:
4911:
4909:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4872:taal.phileon.nl
4866:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4751:
4750:on 3 March 2016
4747:
4740:
4738:"Archived copy"
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4705:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4671:
4670:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4419:
4415:
4409:Wayback Machine
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4344:. 2 June 2023.
4336:
4335:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4301:, is spoken by
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4246:
4242:
4234:, a variety of
4232:Dutch Low Saxon
4230:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4175:
4168:
4163:
4140:New Netherlands
4075:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4036:Dutch provinces
3955:), Pernambuco,
3890:
3878:Main articles:
3876:
3837:Dutch Americans
3830:Schuyler family
3781:Dutch Americans
3773:
3771:Dutch Canadians
3767:Dutch Americans
3765:Main articles:
3763:
3734:
3722:Main articles:
3704:
3699:
3685:
3679:
3674:
3628:
3616:Main articles:
3614:
3608:living abroad.
3550:in South Africa
3528:Edict of Nantes
3489:
3473:Main articles:
3455:
3453:Southern Africa
3449:) to this day.
3374:Peter the Great
3232:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204: + 100,000
3201:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3100:
3094:
3022:
3016:
2952:
2913:
2901:Main articles:
2899:
2871:Dutch Low Saxon
2851:fall of Antwerp
2827:
2784:
2756:Roman Catholics
2749:
2737:
2735:
2728:
2663:Celtic elements
2655:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2604:
2590:
2583:('born naked').
2535:('Cuckoo') and
2366:Jacob Willemsen
2347:
2287:
2256:(mainly in the
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2060:, a cognate of
2032:meaning shifted
1950:Old High German
1929:
1923:
1838:Dutch phonology
1706:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1509:
1437:
1404:
1392:The Netherlands
1354:
1334:
1332:Ethnic identity
1310:
1304:
1239:
1191:Great Privilege
1145:
1131:
1117:Philip the Bold
1063:
1049:
993:Frankish Empire
987:) converted to
975:Linguistically
918:Germanic tribes
902:
888:
852:Common Germanic
840:
826:
813:
808:
796:Main articles:
794:
634:
631:
630:
615:
572:Roman Catholics
566:, with notable
524:
519:
481:
480:
475:
453:
444:
435:
431:
429:Dutch Low Saxon
427:
421:
114:Faciliteitenwet
107:
106:
102:
81:
72:
68:
54:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9465:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9428:
9423:
9416:
9415:
9407:
9406:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9389:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9291:Cultural icons
9288:
9287:
9286:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9255:
9249:
9243:
9242:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9233:Road transport
9230:
9228:Rail transport
9225:
9220:
9214:
9212:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9156:
9150:
9144:
9143:
9140:
9139:
9137:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9124:Prime Minister
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9099:Municipalities
9096:
9091:
9090:
9089:
9084:
9074:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9005:Climate change
9002:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8979:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8909:Extreme points
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8833:
8832:
8827:
8817:
8815:United Kingdom
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8780:Dutch Republic
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8733:
8720:
8718:Lower Lorraine
8715:
8713:Middle Francia
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8686:
8673:
8668:
8651:
8646:
8640:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619: articles
8613:
8612:
8605:
8598:
8590:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8566:
8564:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8545:
8543:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8479:
8473:
8471:
8467:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8404:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8382:
8372:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8299:
8297:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8280:South Africans
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8220:
8219:
8212:
8205:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8176:
8175:External links
8173:
8171:
8170:
8153:
8146:
8132:
8125:
8114:(2nd ed. 2007)
8108:
8093:
8079:
8072:
8058:
8044:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8006:
7991:
7975:
7945:
7935:
7895:
7869:
7839:
7809:
7779:
7749:
7716:
7685:
7674:
7654:
7643:on 16 May 2012
7628:
7619:
7597:
7569:
7543:
7511:
7485:
7455:
7429:
7422:
7395:
7382:
7375:
7349:
7342:
7324:
7309:
7294:
7270:
7252:
7245:
7224:
7198:
7179:
7159:
7131:
7105:
7077:
7056:10.1086/212889
7050:(2): 159–186.
7034:
7017:Home.planet.nl
7004:
6978:
6961:
6932:(6): 455–467.
6911:
6858:
6839:
6819:
6794:
6785:
6757:
6748:
6731:
6701:
6698:. p. 168.
6686:
6651:
6639:
6606:
6594:
6577:
6561:
6552:
6534:
6523:on 6 July 2017
6501:
6482:
6459:
6447:
6357:
6333:
6302:
6272:
6245:
6219:
6201:
6171:
6147:
6103:
6084:
6075:
6053:
6035:
6012:
5985:
5952:
5928:
5905:
5884:
5869:
5860:
5829:
5799:
5782:Neerlandistiek
5768:
5759:
5757:(1988), 17 ff.
5740:
5721:
5701:
5677:
5655:
5632:
5604:
5564:
5545:
5526:
5507:
5488:
5466:
5443:
5429:
5409:
5387:
5367:
5342:
5320:
5298:
5272:
5251:
5242:
5222:
5203:
5176:
5144:
5116:
5097:
5077:
5047:
5012:
4982:
4949:
4919:
4889:
4859:
4827:
4801:
4775:
4729:
4708:Joshua Project
4694:
4639:
4609:
4578:
4548:
4537:on 6 July 2017
4516:
4486:
4469:"ABS Ancestry"
4460:
4430:
4413:
4391:
4359:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4297:Papiamento, a
4290:
4281:
4268:
4252:Low Franconian
4240:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4145:Dutch American
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4115:Flemish people
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Dutch Mexicans
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4064:
4061:
4013:Rio de Janeiro
3973:Espírito Santo
3945:Dutch Republic
3875:
3872:
3826:George W. Bush
3779:Population of
3762:
3759:
3751:metal industry
3703:
3700:
3683:White Ghanaian
3681:Main article:
3678:
3675:
3646:, Taiwan, and
3644:Southeast Asia
3626:Burgher people
3613:
3612:Southeast Asia
3610:
3521:Cape Coloureds
3454:
3451:
3382:Dutch Reformed
3354:Russian Empire
3272:Teutonic Order
3248:Polabian Slavs
3231:
3228:
3212:
3210: + 10,000
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3178:Dutch diaspora
3176:Main article:
3173:
3172:Dutch diaspora
3170:
3155:South and the
3093:
3090:
3069:were oppressed
3018:Main article:
3015:
3012:
2951:
2948:
2936:North Frisians
2898:
2895:
2826:
2823:
2783:
2780:
2736:
2727:
2645:Main article:
2642:
2639:
2600:Main article:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2523:('The Lion'),
2515:
2514:('the brave').
2483:
2453:
2426:translated as
2393:tussenvoegsels
2385:
2380:tussenvoegsels
2358:Willem Janssen
2346:
2343:
2286:
2283:
2254:Dutch diaspora
2184:, "the"), and
2149:tussenvoegsels
2134:), which is a
2129:between-joiner
2107:
2106:Tussenvoegsels
2104:
2099:Main article:
2096:
2093:
2067:both meaning "
2040:Dutch language
1925:Main article:
1922:
1919:
1885:European Union
1867:(Netherlands,
1850:U.S. president
1786:long compounds
1704:Dutch language
1702:Main article:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1573:
1569:Dutch ancestry
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1514:Dutch ancestry
1508:
1505:
1436:
1433:
1412:European Union
1403:
1400:
1353:
1350:
1333:
1330:
1306:Main article:
1303:
1300:
1280:Dutch Republic
1260:Habsburg Spain
1238:
1235:
1196:States-General
1180:death at Nancy
1130:
1127:
1048:
1045:
1030:in France and
961:Egmond Gospels
887:
884:
825:
822:
812:
809:
793:
790:
723:Dutch Republic
655:Dutch language
649:native to the
617:
616:
614:
613:
602:Cape Coloureds
583:
550:
540:
525:
521:
520:
518:
517:
512:
507:
501:
498:
497:
493:
492:
484:Roman Catholic
468:
467:
463:
462:
414:
413:
409:
408:
405:
399:
398:
395:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
375:
369:
368:
365:
359:
358:
355:
349:
348:
345:
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
305:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
265:
259:
258:
255:
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
205:
203:United Kingdom
199:
198:
195:
189:
188:
185:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
145:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
98:
97:
93:
92:
61:
60:
56:
55:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9464:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9404:
9394:
9391:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9211:
9207:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9145:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9109:Republicanism
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8914:Flood control
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8874:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8825:Nazi invasion
8823:
8822:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8805:Incorporation
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8623:
8618:
8611:
8606:
8604:
8599:
8597:
8592:
8591:
8588:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:South America
8561:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:North America
8540:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8361:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8265:Cape Verdeans
8263:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8218:
8213:
8211:
8206:
8204:
8199:
8198:
8195:
8188:
8183:
8179:
8178:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8145:
8144:0-252-01931-8
8141:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8106:
8105:1-904744-95-8
8102:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8091:0-8057-3214-4
8088:
8084:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8071:
8070:0-208-01338-5
8067:
8063:
8059:
8057:
8056:1-902825-25-X
8053:
8049:
8046:Bolt, Rodney.
8045:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8025:
8022:(2006) 504pp
8021:
8017:
8016:
8003:. p. 35.
8002:
7995:
7988:
7984:
7979:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7949:
7939:
7931:
7925:
7909:
7905:
7899:
7883:
7879:
7873:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7843:
7828:on 7 May 2016
7827:
7823:
7819:
7813:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7783:
7767:
7763:
7756:
7754:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7721:
7704:
7700:
7699:Andere Tijden
7696:
7689:
7681:
7677:
7675:0-919045-15-4
7671:
7667:
7666:
7658:
7642:
7638:
7632:
7623:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7604:
7602:
7595:
7594:90-351-2361-1
7591:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7539:
7533:
7525:
7521:
7515:
7499:
7495:
7489:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7443:
7439:
7433:
7425:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7402:
7400:
7392:
7386:
7378:
7372:
7368:
7363:
7362:
7353:
7345:
7339:
7335:
7328:
7320:
7313:
7305:
7298:
7290:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7266:
7259:
7257:
7248:
7246:0-620-14537-4
7242:
7238:
7231:
7229:
7212:
7208:
7202:
7186:
7182:
7176:
7172:
7171:
7163:
7155:
7149:
7141:
7135:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7101:
7095:
7087:
7081:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7038:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7008:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6957:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6863:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6832:
6831:
6823:
6813:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6789:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6770:90-5573-688-0
6767:
6761:
6752:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6697:
6690:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6655:
6643:
6636:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6601:
6599:
6590:
6584:
6582:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6556:
6545:
6538:
6522:
6518:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6498:0-19-820734-4
6495:
6489:
6487:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6463:
6451:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6306:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6276:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6164:
6158:
6151:
6140:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6096:
6093:
6088:
6079:
6072:
6071:autobiography
6067:
6063:
6057:
6050:
6046:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5995:Taaluniversum
5989:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5893:Pan-Germanism
5888:
5880:
5873:
5864:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5833:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5772:
5763:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5728:
5724:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5659:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5626:conjurationes
5620:
5616:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5447:
5432:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5413:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5391:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5371:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5346:
5330:
5324:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5302:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5268:
5262:
5255:
5246:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5219:archive.today
5216:
5213:
5210:According to
5207:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5161:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:. JHU Press.
5090:
5089:
5081:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5032:
5025:
5024:
5016:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4844:
4837:
4831:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4771:
4765:
4746:
4739:
4733:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4597:
4594:(in French).
4593:
4589:
4582:
4566:
4562:
4561:Teara.govt.nz
4558:
4552:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4448:
4444:
4443:Statcan.gc.ca
4440:
4434:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4285:
4278:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4213:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4190:United States
4187:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4155:Dutch culture
4153:
4151:
4150:Dutch cuisine
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Dutch Chilean
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4067:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:South America
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:Canadian west
3842:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3761:North America
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3684:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:Low Countries
3300:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3224:
3216: + 1,000
3184:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3161:non-religious
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2984:Kleverlandish
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:up until the
2965:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:East Frisians
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2917:West Frisians
2912:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:South Holland
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2841:, especially
2840:
2839:Protestantism
2831:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2800:colloquialism
2796:
2794:
2790:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2743:
2742:Protestantism
2734:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:Dutch cuisine
2613:
2609:
2603:
2602:Dutch culture
2594:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2374:Low Countries
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:for example.
2340:
2337:both meaning
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2218:an Gogh, mr.
2217:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2116:
2115:
2114:tussenvoegsel
2102:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:, ending the
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1231:Dutch culture
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:creating the
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:Consolidation
1126:
1123:
1122:Guelders Wars
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:gallicisation
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
970:
967:and his wife
966:
962:
957:
953:
951:
947:
946:Salian Franks
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
911:
906:
901:
897:
893:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
835:
831:
821:
818:
807:
803:
799:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Protestantism
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:Low Countries
700:
699:United States
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
641:
638:
628:
624:
611:
608:. They speak
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
589:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
546:
541:
538:
533:
532:
527:
526:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
499:
494:
489:
485:
479:
474:
469:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
304:
300:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
126:
124:
123:United States
120:
115:
111:
99:
94:
88:
84:
75:
71:
62:
57:
52:
46:
37:
33:
19:
9447:Dutch people
9376:Coat of arms
9346:Prostitution
9335:
9259:Architecture
9200:Trade unions
9180:Polder model
9165:Central bank
9134:Water boards
9060:Human rights
9050:Homelessness
9020:Demographics
9010:Constitution
8820:World War II
8810:Principality
8626:Part of the
8498:
8189:at Wikiquote
8187:Dutch people
8156:
8149:
8135:
8134:Kroes, Rob.
8128:
8111:
8096:
8095:Hunt, John.
8082:
8075:
8061:
8047:
8019:
8000:
7994:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7966:. Retrieved
7957:
7948:
7938:
7912:. Retrieved
7907:
7898:
7886:. Retrieved
7872:
7860:. Retrieved
7856:the original
7851:
7842:
7830:. Retrieved
7826:the original
7821:
7812:
7800:. Retrieved
7791:
7782:
7770:. Retrieved
7766:the original
7740:. Retrieved
7736:the original
7731:
7709:12 September
7707:. Retrieved
7701:(in Dutch).
7698:
7688:
7680:the original
7664:
7657:
7645:. Retrieved
7641:the original
7631:
7622:
7585:
7572:
7560:. Retrieved
7556:the original
7546:
7523:
7514:
7504:10 September
7502:. Retrieved
7498:the original
7488:
7478:10 September
7476:. Retrieved
7467:
7458:
7448:10 September
7446:. Retrieved
7442:the original
7432:
7408:
7390:
7385:
7360:
7352:
7333:
7327:
7318:
7312:
7303:
7297:
7288:
7264:
7236:
7215:. Retrieved
7211:the original
7201:
7189:. Retrieved
7169:
7162:
7139:
7134:
7122:. Retrieved
7118:the original
7108:
7085:
7080:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7025:. Retrieved
7016:
7007:
6995:. Retrieved
6991:the original
6981:
6964:
6929:
6925:
6914:
6879:
6875:
6849:. Retrieved
6829:
6822:
6814:; page 383.
6797:
6788:
6777:
6773:
6760:
6751:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6722:. Retrieved
6714:CBS Statline
6713:
6704:
6695:
6689:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6642:
6634:
6627:. Retrieved
6618:
6609:
6555:
6537:
6525:. Retrieved
6521:the original
6516:
6504:
6462:
6450:
6418:
6375:
6360:
6336:
6326:12 September
6324:. Retrieved
6318:(in Dutch).
6315:
6305:
6295:12 September
6293:. Retrieved
6287:(in Dutch).
6284:
6275:
6263:. Retrieved
6248:
6236:. Retrieved
6232:the original
6222:
6214:
6204:
6192:. Retrieved
6183:
6174:
6150:
6106:
6087:
6078:
6069:
6065:
6056:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6030:the original
6025:
6015:
5988:
5955:
5931:
5908:
5887:
5872:
5863:
5851:. Retrieved
5845:(in Dutch).
5842:
5832:
5820:. Retrieved
5811:
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5784:(in Dutch).
5781:
5771:
5762:
5748:
5743:
5731:. Retrieved
5711:
5704:
5693:
5673:
5658:
5650:
5635:
5622:
5607:
5582:
5567:
5548:
5529:
5510:
5491:
5484:
5469:
5461:
5446:
5434:. Retrieved
5419:
5412:
5405:
5390:
5370:
5345:
5333:. Retrieved
5323:
5301:
5289:. Retrieved
5275:
5254:
5245:
5225:
5206:
5195:the original
5167:. Retrieved
5147:
5119:
5107:. Retrieved
5087:
5080:
5068:. Retrieved
5059:
5050:
5038:. Retrieved
5022:
5015:
5003:. Retrieved
4997:(in Dutch).
4994:
4985:
4973:. Retrieved
4967:(in Dutch).
4964:
4940:. Retrieved
4936:the original
4931:
4922:
4910:. Retrieved
4904:(in Dutch).
4901:
4892:
4880:. Retrieved
4876:the original
4871:
4862:
4850:. Retrieved
4830:
4818:. Retrieved
4814:the original
4804:
4792:. Retrieved
4788:the original
4778:
4752:. Retrieved
4745:the original
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4685:. Retrieved
4676:
4630:. Retrieved
4612:
4600:. Retrieved
4591:
4581:
4571:10 September
4569:. Retrieved
4560:
4551:
4539:. Retrieved
4532:the original
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4498:
4489:
4477:. Retrieved
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4442:
4433:
4416:
4398:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4371:
4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4340:(in Dutch).
4293:
4284:
4271:
4243:
4227:
4212:
4201:
4198:South Africa
4090:Dutch Brazil
4031:
4029:
4021:Tres Arroyos
4017:
4009:Minas Gerais
3969:Center-South
3933:Dutch Brazil
3922:
3907:
3853:
3834:
3807:
3800:
3789:
3755:
3747:agricultural
3742:World War II
3735:
3714:arriving in
3686:
3641:
3606:
3578:
3553:
3546:Voortrekkers
3525:
3501:South Africa
3490:
3461:Traditional
3433:for example
3378:
3347:
3337:. After the
3334:
3305:(especially
3296:
3291:
3233:
3220:
3166:homozygosity
3146:
3137:homozygosity
3128:major rivers
3125:
3113:
3062:
3046:
3023:
2999:
2996:West Flemish
2968:Dutch Revolt
2961:
2944:
2929:
2914:
2836:
2819:
2803:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2752:
2706:
2675:
2656:
2580:Naaktgeboren
2568:Blauw/Blaauw
2547:('Prince'),
2467:
2463:
2459:
2446:Van der Bilt
2445:
2427:
2413:
2409:
2369:
2361:
2348:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2277:
2272:
2269:van der Bilt
2268:
2265:
2262:Francophonie
2247:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:van den Berg
2164:"from/of"),
2109:
2073:near the sea
2072:
2068:
2064:
2051:Nederlanders
2045:Nederlanders
2037:
2027:
2013:
1981:Anglo-Saxons
1932:
1930:
1893:South Africa
1879:), Belgium,
1873:Sint Maarten
1858:
1842:
1826:West-Flemish
1809:East Flemish
1801:West-Flemish
1794:
1763:
1753:
1725:West Frisian
1722:
1707:
1566:
1525:
1510:
1502:
1463:
1455:, who wrote
1449:Pan-Germanic
1438:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:World War II
1405:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1373:
1361:
1358:Nederlanders
1357:
1355:
1311:
1308:Dutch Empire
1302:Dutch Empire
1292:Francophones
1252:
1223:Dutch Revolt
1204:
1188:
1173:
1158:
1139:Dutch Revolt
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:water boards
1099:
1086:Roelantslied
1082:(1150), the
1068:
1064:
1061:Middle Dutch
1001:
989:Christianity
977:Old Frankish
974:
942:Roman Empire
915:
896:Old Frankish
880:Christianity
872:Roman Empire
841:
817:ethnogenesis
814:
762:Christianity
735:
733:took place.
727:urbanisation
691:South Africa
647:ethnic group
637:Nederlanders
622:
620:
586:
570:minorities.
553:
543:
529:
437:West Frisian
133:South Africa
77:
64:
51:Nederlanders
39:Ethnic group
36:
9393:Terminology
9341:Pornography
9082:Enforcement
9072:Immigration
9045:Health care
9025:Drug policy
8904:Earthquakes
8899:Delta Works
8760:Renaissance
8666:Cananefates
8617:Netherlands
8375:Indonesians
8307:Hongkongers
7852:Parceria.nl
6667:(1): 1–14.
6366:anglophones
6113:Nederlander
5967:(Old) Dutch
5903:of the day.
5897:Pan-Slavism
5853:1 September
5822:1 September
5792:1 September
5598:universitas
5357:Pieter Geyl
5109:10 November
5040:12 December
4687:23 February
4499:Destatis.de
4384:1 September
4352:20 December
4182:New Zealand
3965:Netherlands
3953:João Pessoa
3868:close links
3824:(41st) and
3677:West Africa
3618:Indo people
3557:vrijburgers
3427:Low) German
3358:Volga River
3268:Mecklenburg
3256:Brandenburg
3234:During the
3149:segregation
3073:francophone
3065:nationalism
3042:origin myth
3026:ethnography
2964:Middle Ages
2891:Netherlands
2859:Netherlands
2789:Pieter Geyl
2760:Protestants
2687:hagenpreken
2678:Reformation
2628:Dutch music
2529:('Birds'),
2432:upper class
2144:family name
2085:, the term
1959:Old English
1915:orthography
1674:Linguistics
1453:Pieter Geyl
1390:instead of
1378:instead of
1346:Netherlands
1047:Convergence
1020:Gallo-Roman
997:Charlemagne
985:upper class
778:agnosticism
766:Catholicism
695:New Zealand
651:Netherlands
562:are mainly
537:expatriates
473:irreligious
450:BES Islands
233:Switzerland
183:New Zealand
101:Netherlands
9441:Categories
9316:Literature
9306:Irreligion
9114:Parliament
9040:Euthanasia
9015:Corruption
8785:Golden Age
8575:Uruguayans
8570:Surinamese
8554:Curaçaoans
8533:Portuguese
8528:Norwegians
8392:Vietnamese
8349:Pakistanis
7577:(in Dutch)
6816:(in Dutch)
6782:(in Dutch)
6716:. cbs.nl.
6648:(in Dutch)
6549:(in Dutch)
6456:(in Dutch)
6238:6 November
6168:(in Dutch)
6144:(in Dutch)
6132:and Dutch
6009:(in Dutch)
5982:(in Dutch)
5698:(in Dutch)
5592:corporatio
5586:communitas
5317:(in Dutch)
5070:17 October
4509:31 January
4317:References
4307:Curaçaoans
4248:Limburgish
4236:Low German
4206:(in Dutch)
4040:Gelderland
3985:Pernambuco
3937:Pernambuco
3860:war brides
3839:among the
3695:See also:
3670:See also:
3581:Cape Dutch
3572:Afrikaners
3493:Portuguese
3479:Cape Dutch
3467:Swellendam
3350:Mennonites
3348:The Dutch
3299:Mennonites
3280:Baltic Sea
3157:Protestant
3096:See also:
2988:Limburgish
2940:statistics
2571:('blue'),
2553:('King'),
2511:De Dappere
2278:Vanderbilt
2174:, "the"),
2140:given name
2101:Dutch name
2088:Nederlands
1927:Theodiscus
1887:, and the
1836:(see also
1817:Limburgish
1756:diphthongs
1716:Lex salica
1507:Statistics
1488:Neuordnung
1428:allochtoon
1423:autochtoon
1362:Hollanders
1342:Middelburg
1110:Nederlands
938:Chattuarii
876:conversion
594:Afrikaners
505:Afrikaners
488:Protestant
455:Papiamento
433:Limburgish
417:Primarily
333:Luxembourg
105:16,366,000
18:Dutchwoman
9311:Languages
9210:Transport
9160:AEX index
9104:Provinces
9087:Law Firms
9035:Elections
9030:Education
8959:Volcanoes
8919:Gas field
8877:Geography
8649:Roman Era
8516:Huguenots
8477:Albanians
8445:Sephardim
8430:Assyrians
8425:Armenians
8385:Moluccans
8370:Filipinos
8363:Southeast
8270:Nigerians
8253:Moroccans
8248:Egyptians
7968:30 August
7914:30 August
7862:30 August
7832:30 August
7802:30 August
7742:30 August
7647:27 August
7586:1945–1995
7562:27 August
7148:cite book
7124:27 August
7094:cite book
7072:145644640
6997:27 August
6851:27 August
6724:2 January
6661:Ethnology
6629:5 January
6285:Onze Taal
6265:15 August
6194:7 October
5937:Waffen SS
5733:27 August
5291:27 August
5169:27 August
5123:Based on
5005:3 January
4975:3 January
4942:3 January
4912:3 January
4882:3 January
4479:16 August
4453:7 January
4402:Afrikaner
4194:Argentina
4178:Australia
4085:Afrikaner
4048:Groningen
3989:São Paulo
3925:Europeans
3914:Argentina
3738:Europeans
3716:Australia
3652:Sri Lanka
3589:Afrikaans
3564:trekboers
3532:Huguenots
3509:Cape Town
3491:Although
3475:Afrikaner
3370:Anna Mons
3335:Hollander
3319:Pomerelia
3313:) to the
3307:Friesland
3223:emigrants
3058:Bavarians
3050:Austrians
2980:Brabantic
2972:Habsburgs
2921:Friesland
2907:Friesland
2867:Zeelandic
2863:Hollandic
2847:pragmatic
2843:Calvinism
2746:Calvinist
2632:Dutch art
2565:('red'),
2492:or other
2396:, mainly
2222:an Gogh,
2190:(e.g. A.
2180:(e.g. A.
2170:(e.g. A.
2160:(e.g. A.
1901:Afrikaans
1830:Zeelandic
1821:Low Saxon
1813:Brabantic
1805:Zeelandic
1797:Hollandic
1790:profanity
1635:Australia
1625:Indonesia
1474:Verdinaso
1382:, as the
1229:in which
1200:Philip IV
1012:Rhineland
1008:Austrasia
981:Old Dutch
950:foederati
900:Old Dutch
844:autocracy
838:Foederati
811:Emergence
750:Rembrandt
715:Habsburgs
687:Australia
675:Argentina
645:) are an
610:Afrikaans
598:Coloureds
478:Christian
471:Majority
441:Friesland
412:Languages
243:Indonesia
153:Australia
147:1,112,000
137:3,000,000
127:3,083,000
110:Moluccans
9421:Category
9356:Religion
9269:Cannabis
9185:Taxation
9175:Euronext
9129:Military
8995:Abortion
8983:Politics
8740:Guelders
8723:Flanders
8689:Dorestad
8680:Frisians
8504:Frisians
8499:Dutchmen
8492:Walloons
8487:Flemings
8482:Belgians
8435:Iranians
8418:Lebanese
8313:Japanese
8238:Angolans
8119:Archived
8038:Archived
8027:Archived
7962:Archived
7924:cite web
7888:14 April
7882:Archived
7796:Archived
7772:7 August
7703:Archived
7612:Archived
7532:cite web
7472:Archived
7191:20 March
7185:Archived
7021:Archived
6956:23978897
6906:23531865
6845:Archived
6718:Archived
6623:Archived
6470:Archived
6435:Archived
6423:Archived
6380:Archived
6350:Archived
6320:Archived
6289:Archived
6259:Archived
6188:Archived
6134:fascists
6095:Archived
6064:(2005).
6001:Archived
5974:Archived
5944:Archived
5920:Archived
5847:Archived
5816:Archived
5786:Archived
5727:Archived
5692:, entry
5666:Archived
5643:Archived
5615:Archived
5575:Archived
5556:Archived
5537:Archived
5518:Archived
5500:Archived
5477:Archived
5454:Archived
5398:Archived
5379:Archived
5309:Archived
5285:Archived
5215:Archived
5160:Archived
5137:Archived
5103:Archived
5064:Archived
5031:Archived
4999:Archived
4969:Archived
4906:Archived
4843:Archived
4820:7 August
4794:7 August
4764:cite web
4754:18 March
4722:7 August
4716:Archived
4681:Archived
4626:Archived
4596:Archived
4565:Archived
4503:Archived
4473:Archived
4447:Archived
4405:Archived
4378:Archived
4376:. 2021.
4346:Archived
4277:Frisians
4264:Flemings
4063:See also
3929:northern
3918:Suriname
3898:Carambeí
3712:migrants
3654:and the
3517:Khoikhoi
3343:Prussian
3311:Flanders
3153:Catholic
3132:Randstad
3092:Genetics
3030:language
3020:Flemings
3014:Flemings
3006:and the
2903:Frisians
2897:Frisians
2883:Randstad
2793:Randstad
2770:and the
2708:en masse
2695:orations
2692:hedgerow
2682:Westhoek
2641:Religion
2532:Koekkoek
2520:De Leeuw
2505:De Groot
2499:De Lange
2494:features
2460:Molenaar
2285:Spelling
2271:becomes
2246:Vincent
2234:an Gogh-
2208:Vincent
2177:het / ’t
2172:de Vries
2162:van Gogh
2071:", and "
1977:Germanic
1881:Suriname
1846:New York
1679:Language
1482:Flanders
1324:and the
1296:Walloons
1256:taxation
1161:Flanders
1112:emerge.
1032:Brussels
1004:Neustria
886:Specific
864:Alamanni
774:humanism
758:Van Gogh
709:and the
697:and the
663:Suriname
576:Flanders
568:Lutheran
564:Reformed
515:Frisians
510:Flemings
466:Religion
403:Thailand
373:Suriname
283:Portugal
9412:Outline
9366:Symbols
9279:Cuisine
9247:Culture
9218:Cycling
9195:Tourism
9148:Economy
9094:Monarch
9000:Cabinet
8944:Regions
8934:Mammals
8924:Islands
8736:Brabant
8727:Holland
8693:Utrecht
8658:Chamavi
8636:History
8549:Arubans
8344:Nepalis
8339:Indians
8334:Afghans
8318:Koreans
8303:Chinese
8275:Somalis
8260:Berbers
8033:; also
7414:380–415
7217:8 March
7064:2763957
7027:8 March
6947:3827717
6897:3798851
6870:2013).
6681:3773438
6527:8 March
6480:article
6414:van den
6402:van der
6377:Source.
6215:nether-
6125:Deutsch
5998:website
5694:"Diets"
5436:3 March
5335:17 July
4852:22 July
4632:9 April
4602:19 June
4541:8 March
4303:Arubans
4052:Creoles
4044:Utrecht
4032:boeroes
3957:Alagoas
3949:Paraíba
3849:Toronto
3718:in 1954
3638:c. 1903
3431:exonyms
3394:Viersen
3362:Siberia
3331:Olęders
3327:Masovia
3323:Powiśle
3315:Vistula
3276:Prussia
3264:Hamburg
3252:Holland
3151:of the
3071:by the
3054:Germans
3034:customs
2855:demonym
2588:Culture
2538:Devalck
2450:De Bilt
2335:De Smit
2331:De Smet
2250:an Gogh
2242:en Berg
2226:an Gogh
2212:an Gogh
2203:en Berg
2182:’t Hart
2123:
2062:English
2038:In the
2019:Deutsch
1996:Englisc
1990:þeodisc
1985:England
1963:þeodisc
1954:diutsch
1897:Namibia
1877:Curaçao
1863:of the
1765:hard ch
1751:group.
1729:English
1655:Belgium
1645:Germany
1396:Holland
1388:Holland
1384:Holland
1380:British
1375:English
1169:Holland
1165:Brabant
1078:Elegast
934:Chamavi
860:Vandals
824:General
792:History
782:atheism
754:Vermeer
721:as the
671:Curaçao
459:Bonaire
446:English
353:Austria
343:Hungary
293:Curaçao
223:Denmark
187:100,000
177:121,000
173:Belgium
167:257,000
163:Germany
157:336,000
9426:Portal
9371:Anthem
9336:People
9274:Cinema
9170:Energy
8949:Rivers
8894:Cities
8684:Franks
8676:Saxons
8662:Batavi
8654:Frisii
8523:Greeks
8511:French
8470:Europe
8413:Iraqis
8354:Romani
8231:Africa
8165:
8142:
8131:(1987)
8103:
8089:
8078:(1960)
8068:
8054:
7672:
7592:
7520:"Data"
7420:
7373:
7340:
7243:
7177:
7070:
7062:
6972:
6954:
6944:
6904:
6894:
6837:
6810:
6768:
6679:
6517:Cbs.nl
6496:
6408:van de
6310:DBNL.
6210:neder-
5812:nos.nl
5719:
5427:
5095:
5060:Cbs.nl
4260:German
4188:, the
4186:Canada
4046:, and
3977:Paraná
3939:(then
3910:Brazil
3902:Paraná
3886:, and
3730:, and
3710:Dutch
3624:, and
3513:Sahara
3485:, and
3446:Keulen
3435:Aachen
3424:(High/
3402:German
3398:Cleves
3390:Borken
3386:Cleves
3366:Moscow
3341:, the
3288:Pasłęk
3284:Poland
3260:Bremen
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3086:nation
2909:, and
2869:, and
2740:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2634:, and
2574:De Wit
2526:Vogels
2476:Fisher
2472:Miller
2464:Visser
2405:van de
2065:Nether
2024:German
2003:theudo
1968:Gothic
1945:dietsc
1939:theudo
1883:, the
1875:, and
1733:German
1661:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1615:Brazil
1613:
1611:
1605:France
1603:
1601:
1595:Canada
1593:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1498:Hitler
1443:- and
1141:, and
1059:, and
1024:French
1016:France
930:Chauci
926:Batavi
922:Franks
910:Clovis
898:, and
892:Franks
868:Saxons
856:Franks
836:, and
804:, and
742:dances
731:Europe
707:France
701:. The
683:Canada
679:Brazil
667:Guyana
393:Greece
363:Poland
313:Israel
307:10,000
303:Sweden
297:10,000
287:12,000
277:13,000
267:13,000
263:Norway
257:15,000
253:Turkey
247:17,000
237:20,000
227:30,000
217:48,000
207:56,000
197:60,000
193:France
143:Canada
9361:Sport
9326:Music
9321:Media
8929:Lakes
8889:Birds
8457:Turks
8452:Kurds
8408:Arabs
8380:Indos
8327:South
8243:Arabs
7943:2012.
7693:NTR.
7367:15–37
7068:S2CID
7060:JSTOR
6677:JSTOR
6513:(PDF)
6443:Dutch
6441:, in
6119:Diets
5365:1959.
5198:(PDF)
5163:(PDF)
5156:(PDF)
5034:(PDF)
5027:(PDF)
4846:(PDF)
4839:(PDF)
4748:(PDF)
4741:(PDF)
4586:res.
4535:(PDF)
4528:(PDF)
4256:Dutch
4161:Notes
3997:Ceará
3993:Goiás
3690:Accra
3660:Indos
3648:Japan
3622:Totok
3585:Boers
3554:Some
3542:Boer
3415:Kleef
3411:Dutch
3406:Kleve
3292:Holąd
3244:Saale
3008:Meuse
3004:Rhine
2875:North
2814:Meuse
2810:Rhine
2713:Rhine
2544:Prins
2480:Smith
2339:Smith
2327:Baxcs
2323:Bakxs
2319:Backx
2299:Bacxs
2295:Backs
2214:, V.
2095:Names
2082:Diets
2057:Neder
2028:Dutch
2014:Duuts
2009:Diets
2001:*
1972:þiuda
1937:*
1933:Dutch
1869:Aruba
1587:(20%)
1478:Nazis
1370:Scots
1366:Welsh
1314:Dutch
1106:Diets
719:Spain
659:Aruba
627:Dutch
623:Dutch
419:Dutch
407:1,000
397:1,000
387:1,000
383:Japan
377:3,000
367:3,000
357:3,200
347:4,000
337:5,000
327:5,000
323:Aruba
317:5,000
273:Italy
213:Spain
43:Dutch
9386:Lion
9381:Flag
9284:Wine
9065:LGBT
8440:Jews
8401:West
8296:East
8289:Asia
8163:ISBN
8140:ISBN
8101:ISBN
8087:ISBN
8066:ISBN
8052:ISBN
7970:2017
7930:link
7916:2017
7890:2016
7864:2017
7834:2017
7804:2017
7774:2014
7744:2017
7711:2023
7670:ISBN
7649:2010
7590:ISBN
7564:2010
7538:link
7506:2012
7480:2012
7450:2012
7418:ISBN
7371:ISBN
7338:ISBN
7241:ISBN
7219:2022
7193:2023
7175:ISBN
7154:link
7126:2010
7100:link
7029:2022
6999:2010
6970:ISBN
6952:PMID
6902:PMID
6853:2010
6835:ISBN
6808:ISBN
6766:ISBN
6726:2020
6631:2020
6529:2022
6494:ISBN
6430:), (
6411:and
6387:); "
6346:link
6328:2023
6316:DBNL
6297:2023
6267:2019
6240:2008
6196:2017
5891:cf.
5855:2023
5824:2023
5794:2023
5735:2010
5717:ISBN
5438:2024
5425:ISBN
5376:Link
5337:2022
5293:2010
5171:2010
5133:Link
5111:2020
5093:ISBN
5072:2017
5042:2021
5007:2020
4977:2020
4944:2020
4914:2020
4884:2020
4854:2023
4822:2012
4796:2012
4770:link
4756:2015
4724:2012
4689:2021
4634:2015
4604:2020
4573:2012
4543:2022
4511:2022
4481:2013
4455:2020
4386:2023
4354:2023
4305:and
4258:and
4250:, a
4196:and
4011:and
3987:and
3959:and
3916:and
3769:and
3749:and
3636:Java
3583:and
3483:Boer
3440:Aken
3392:and
3321:and
3309:and
3262:and
3242:and
3240:Elbe
2994:and
2992:East
2990:and
2877:and
2812:and
2562:Rood
2478:and
2468:Smit
2466:and
2414:from
2333:and
2325:and
2315:Bacx
2311:Baxs
2307:Bakx
2291:Baks
2260:and
2228:and
2152:are
2120:lit.
1966:and
1895:and
1815:and
1780:and
1739:and
1731:and
1657:(1%)
1647:(2%)
1637:(2%)
1627:(6%)
1617:(6%)
1607:(6%)
1597:(7%)
1472:and
1425:and
1167:and
1151:The
1108:and
1090:and
1006:and
959:The
936:and
866:and
768:and
756:and
621:The
596:and
486:and
422:and
112:per
9264:Art
9077:Law
7052:doi
6942:PMC
6934:doi
6892:PMC
6884:doi
6669:doi
6573:ANV
6396:van
6390:Von
6371:van
5595:or
5460:; "
4038:of
3108:SNP
3040:or
2934:or
2441:van
2423:Van
2410:van
2399:van
2303:Bax
2281:).
2238:an
2230:V.
2199:an
2156:van
2069:low
2012:or
1983:of
1585:USA
1470:NSB
1445:pan
1368:or
995:of
784:or
9443::
8738:,
8729:,
8725:,
8691:,
8682:,
8678:,
8664:,
8660:,
8656:,
8161:.
7960:.
7956:.
7926:}}
7922:{{
7906:.
7850:.
7820:.
7794:.
7790:.
7752:^
7730:.
7719:^
7697:.
7610:.
7600:^
7534:}}
7530:{{
7522:.
7470:.
7466:.
7416:.
7398:^
7369:.
7273:^
7255:^
7227:^
7183:.
7150:}}
7146:{{
7096:}}
7092:{{
7066:.
7058:.
7048:24
7046:.
7019:.
7015:.
6950:.
6940:.
6930:43
6928:.
6924:.
6900:.
6890:.
6880:21
6878:.
6874:.
6861:^
6843:.
6712:.
6675:.
6665:31
6663:.
6633:.
6617:.
6597:^
6580:^
6564:^
6515:.
6485:^
6476:–
6405:,
6399:,
6348:.
6314:.
6283:.
6186:.
6182:.
6166:"
6142:)
5980:)
5895:,
5841:.
5810:.
5780:.
5725:.
5696:.
5680:^
5498:.
5359:.
5315:.
5179:^
5158:.
5127:,
5101:.
5058:.
4993:.
4963:.
4952:^
4930:.
4900:.
4870:.
4841:.
4766:}}
4762:{{
4710:.
4697:^
4675:.
4642:^
4620:.
4590:.
4559:.
4501:.
4497:.
4441:.
4370:.
4325:^
4204:,
4192:,
4184:,
4180:,
4169:^
4042:,
4027:.
4015:.
4007:,
4003:,
3999:,
3995:,
3983:,
3979:,
3975:,
3920:.
3912:,
3900:,
3882:,
3851:.
3832:.
3798:.
3726:,
3620:,
3481:,
3477:,
3418:)
3409:,
3388:,
3376:.
3123:.
3044:.
2986:,
2982:,
2942:.
2905:,
2865:,
2778:.
2690:('
2630:,
2626:,
2622:,
2618:,
2614:,
2610:,
2482:).
2474:,
2462:,
2452:).
2428:of
2420:.
2402:,
2321:,
2317:,
2313:,
2309:,
2305:,
2301:,
2297:,
2275:.
2266:A.
2048:.
1957:,
1948:,
1917:.
1909:('
1899:,
1871:,
1811:,
1807:,
1799:,
1792:.
1782:Aa
1778:Uu
1776:,
1774:Ee
1772:,
1770:Oo
1727:,
1344:,
1316::
1163:,
1137:,
1055:,
999:.
932:,
928:,
894:,
862:,
858:,
832:,
800:,
788:.
780:,
776:,
752:,
744:,
740:,
693:,
689:,
685:,
681:,
677:,
673:,
669:,
665:,
661:,
629::
588:^d
555:^c
545:^b
531:^a
79:c.
76::
66:c.
8609:e
8602:t
8595:v
8309:)
8305:(
8216:e
8209:t
8202:v
8169:.
8107:.
7972:.
7932:)
7918:.
7892:.
7866:.
7836:.
7806:.
7776:.
7746:.
7713:.
7651:.
7566:.
7540:)
7508:.
7482:.
7452:.
7426:.
7379:.
7346:.
7249:.
7221:.
7195:.
7156:)
7128:.
7102:)
7074:.
7054::
7031:.
7001:.
6958:.
6936::
6908:.
6886::
6855:.
6728:.
6683:.
6671::
6531:.
6445:)
6330:.
6299:.
6269:.
6242:.
6198:.
5959:"
5950:)
5857:.
5826:.
5796:.
5737:.
5672:;
5649:;
5621:;
5581:;
5483:;
5464:"
5440:.
5404:;
5385:)
5339:.
5295:.
5173:.
5131:.
5113:.
5074:.
5044:.
5009:.
4979:.
4946:.
4916:.
4886:.
4856:.
4824:.
4798:.
4772:)
4758:.
4726:.
4691:.
4636:.
4606:.
4575:.
4545:.
4513:.
4483:.
4457:.
4428:.
4388:.
4356:.
3469:)
3465:(
3437:(
3400:(
2802:"
2748:)
2744:(
2368:(
2360:(
2273:A
2248:V
2240:d
2236:v
2232:v
2224:V
2220:V
2216:v
2210:v
2201:d
2197:V
2132:'
2126:'
2118:(
2022:(
1828:/
1803:/
1762:(
1294:/
971:.
625:(
600:(
582:.
539:.
490:)
482:(
461:)
457:(
452:)
448:(
443:)
439:(
426::
116:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.