3760:
3746:
3732:
1386:
3718:
2134:
out. A conspiracy to commit genocide and an attempt at genocide are both crimes which are committed whether or not any actual destruction occurred." Further, Wilson found that "The debates at the time of the drafting of the
Genocide Convention establish clearly that an act or policy is still genocidal when it is motivated by a number of objectives. To constitute an act of genocide the planned extermination of a group need not be solely motivated by animosity or hatred."...and that "reasonable foreseeability...is sufficient to establish the Convention's intent element." He concluded that "The policy of forcible removal of children from Indigenous Australians to other groups for the purpose of raising them separately from and ignorant of their culture and people could properly be labelled 'genocidal' in breach of binding international law from at least 11 December 1946...The practice continued for almost another quarter of a century."
671:
2943:
4002:
2853:
7014:
3915:
4015:
3939:
944:
849:. Estimates of the population of the Aboriginal people of Tasmania, before European arrival, are in the range of 3,000 to 15,000 people although genetic studies have suggested significantly higher figures, which are supported by Indigenous oral traditions that indicate a reduction in population from diseases introduced by British and American sealers before settlement. The original population was further reduced to around 300 between 1803 and 1833 due to disease, warfare and other actions of British settlers. Despite over 170 years of debate over who or what was responsible for this near-extinction, no consensus exists on its origins, process, or whether or not it was genocide. However, according to Benjamin Madley, using the "UN definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the
3989:
968:
3976:
2051:
4028:
980:
3778:
4191:
992:
1004:
3952:
3927:
3964:
1260:
3677:") defined an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander as "a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted as such by the community in which he or she lives". The ruling was a three-part definition comprising descent, self-identification and community identification. The first part – descent – was genetic descent and unambiguous, but led to cases where a lack of records to prove ancestry excluded some. Self- and community identification were more problematic as they meant that an Indigenous person separated from his or her community due to a family dispute could no longer identify as Aboriginal.
1741:
932:
4417:
347,572 Indigenous people (out of the total 649,171 in
Australia) declared an affiliation to some form of Christianity, with a higher proportion of Torres Strait Islander than Aboriginal people in this number. 7,773 reported traditional beliefs; 1,511 Islam; other religions numbered less than 1,000 each. However the question is optional; 48,670 did not respond, and in addition, nearly 4,000 were reported as "inadequately described". (In the 2006 census, 73% of the Indigenous population reported an affiliation with a Christian denomination, 24% reported no religious affiliation and 1% reported affiliation with an Australian Aboriginal traditional religion.)
25730:
25700:
1143:(LM3) with that of ancient and modern Aboriginal peoples indicated that Mungo Man is not related to Australian Aboriginal peoples. However, these findings have been met with a general lack of acceptance in scientific communities. The sequence has been criticised as there has been no independent testing, and it has been suggested that the results may be due to posthumous modification and thermal degradation of the DNA. Although the contested results seem to indicate that Mungo Man may have been an extinct subspecies that diverged before the most recent common ancestor of contemporary humans, the administrative body for the
693:
25715:
25685:
1193:
956:
25670:
6114:; and many others. An AIHW survey covering eight years to 2019, published in December 2021, revealed that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people accounted for 28 per cent of all hospitalisations due to family violence, despite only making up 3.3% of the total population. Various reasons were suggested by experts, including Aboriginal men's control of decision-making, and limited independence for women owing to economic factors; barriers in access to services; racism by some police and other services; and lack of enough Aboriginal-run organisations providing culturally safe services.
5348:
5460:
1801:
1424:
735:
7572:
5790:
years. The ABS introduced a new method in 2009, but problems remained. A 2013 study, referring to the national
Indigenous reform policy, Closing the Gap, looked at the difficulties in interpreting the extent of the gap because of differing methods of estimating life expectancy between 2007 and 2012. The 2019 report by the Close the Gap campaign reported that the gap in life expectancy was "widening rather than closing". Life expectancy for Aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders was 71.6 for men and 75.6 for women as of 2016-17.
4685:
6252:, Aboriginal Australians always had the legal right to vote in Australian Commonwealth elections if their State granted them that right. This meant that all Aboriginal peoples outside Queensland and Western Australia had a legal right to vote. The right of Indigenous ex-servicemen to vote was affirmed in 1949 and all Indigenous Australians gained the unqualified right to vote in Federal elections in 1962. Unlike other Australians, however, voting was not made compulsory for Indigenous people, and it was not until the repeal of
6404:, who was appointed to the Northern Territory ministry in 2002 (she became Deputy Chief Minister in 2008). Representation in the Northern Territory has been relatively high, reflecting the high proportion of Aboriginal voters. The 2012 Territory election saw large swings to the conservative CLP in remote Territory electorates, and a total of five Aboriginal CLP candidates won election to the Assembly, along with one Labor candidate, in a chamber of 25 members. Among those elected for the CLP were high-profile activists
4671:
2094:
4489:
15440:
453:
823:
4063:
50 to 100 people. Indigenous languages are divided into language groups with from ten to twenty-four language families identified. It is currently estimated that up to 145 Indigenous languages remain in use, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be strong in the sense that they are still spoken by all age groups. All but 13 Indigenous languages are considered to be endangered. Several extinct
Indigenous languages are being reconstructed. For example, the last fluent speaker of the
2082:
6137:, announced the creation of a reparations fund for members of the Stolen Generations—Indigenous Australians who were forcibly removed from their homes as children. This policy of forced assimilation, which continued into the 1970s, has had lasting impacts on Indigenous communities. The reparations fund includes one-off payments of 75,000 Australian dollars to victims, as part of a broader initiative to address the serious disadvantages faced by Australia's Indigenous population.
4448:
879:
1302:
genetic flow from India to northern
Australia estimated at slightly over four thousand years ago, a time when changes in tool technology and food processing appear in the Australian archaeological record, suggesting that these may be related. Mallick et al. 2016 and Mark Lipson et al. 2017 study found that the bifurcation of Eastern Eurasian and Western Eurasian dates back to least 45,000 years ago, with Australasians nested inside the Eastern Eurasian clade.
4825:
5995:
by government policy, such as discrimination and unfair treatment. Employed
Indigenous Australians were more likely to experience discrimination than those who are unemployed, and it has been found that the second most common source of unfair treatment (after members of the public) is at work or applying for work. There was also a significant lack of consultation with Indigenous peoples on the methods they think best to tackle issues like unemployment.
6801:
7184:
Malaspinas et al. 2016), it is reasonable to describe
Papuans as either an almost even mixture between East Asians and a lineage basal to West and East Asians occurred sometimes between 45 and 38 ka, or as a sister lineage of East Asians with or without a minor basal OoA or xOoA contribution. We here chose to parsimoniously describe Papuans as a simple sister group of Tianyuan, cautioning that this may be just one out of six equifinal possibilities."
7325:"A specific estimate of the life expectancy gap has not been established among stakeholders in Indigenous health. Agreement on the magnitude of the gap is arguably needed in order to evaluate strategies aimed at improving health outcomes for Indigenous Australians. Moreover, measuring progress towards 'closing the gap' depends on the availability of comparable estimates, using the same techniques of measurement to assess changes over time." (
7000:
2221:
2126:. There has been broad range of historical research on the massacres and treatment of Aboriginal peoples, including by Lyndall Ryan at the Centre for 21st Century Humanities, the Frontier Conflict Database, and the Australian Commonwealth government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children From their Families.
4810:
4469:
6155:
4988:
2130:
foundations of the lives of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves." The objectives of which were "the disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, the destruction of personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups."
2919:
15507:
13638:
3880:, 812,000 people identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, representing 3.2% of the population. This was an increase from 2.8% in 2016 (i.e. about 25% increase), and 2.5% in 2011. However, the net undercount of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 17.4%, and the estimated Indigenous population is around 952,000 to 1,000,000, or just under 4 per cent of the total population.
7230:, The general principle that came to be followed was that those who were identified as purely Aboriginal were left alone, because it was assumed that they would die out in a few generations, but part-Aboriginal people were "rescued" so that they could be brought up like white children. A few may have benefited from this, but for a majority of them separation from their families was distressing.
4132:", between two particular people, where eye contact is important and the speaker controls the interaction; and "contained" in a relatively short, defined time frame. However, traditional Aboriginal conversational interaction is "communal", broadcast to many people, eye contact is not important, the listener controls the interaction; and "continuous", spread over a longer, indefinite time frame.
1563:
million people was possible. More recent work suggests that
Aboriginal populations exceeded 1.2 million 500 years ago, but may have fallen somewhat with the introduction of disease pathogens from Eurasia in the last 500 years. The population was split into 250 individual nations, many of which were in alliance with one another, and within each nation there existed separate, often related
6824:
2849:, which excluded "Aboriginal natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands except New Zealand" from voting unless they were on the roll before 1901, South Australia insisted that all voters enfranchised within its borders would remain eligible to vote in the Commonwealth, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continued to be added to their rolls, albeit haphazardly.
1101:
4082:, are found a number of non-Pama–Nyungan groups of languages which have not been shown to be related to the Pama–Nyungan family nor to each other. While it has sometimes proven difficult to work out familial relationships within the Pama–Nyungan language family, many Australian linguists feel there has been substantial success. Against this, some linguists, such as
343:
However, the
Government has stated that as of 30 June 2021, there are 983,700 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, representing 3.8% of the total population of Australia, as the "final 2021 Census-based estimated resident population". Of these, 91.7% identified as Aboriginal; 4.0% identified as Torres Strait Islander; 4.3% identified with both groups.
7210:(Brisbane 2011), page 10-11 & 15. Column one is the distribution percentage calculated on the estimates gathered and publicised in 1930 (Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia XXIII, 1930, pp672, 687–696) by the social anthropologist Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown. The percentage in column two was calculated on the basis of N.G. Butlin:
1412:, moving according to the changing food availability found across different areas as seasons changed, the mode of life and material cultures varied greatly from region to region, and there were permanent settlements and agriculture in some areas. The greatest population density was to be found in the southern and eastern regions of the continent, the
1465:
over by
Europeans would ruin this soil by trampling on it. To add on the complexity of Aboriginal farming techniques, farmers deliberately exchanged seeds to begin growing plants where they did not naturally occur. In fact there were so many examples of Aboriginal Australians managing farm land in a complex manner that Australian Anthropologist,
16604:
1792:, who had been instructed to "endeavour by every possible means to open an intercourse with the natives, and to conciliate their affections", and to enjoin his British subjects to "live in amity and kindness with them" so as "to cultivate an acquaintance with them without their having an idea of our great superiority over them".
4014:
3938:
369:, which have been dated to around 40,000 years ago, although Indigenous Australians have most likely been living in Australia for upwards of 65,000 years. Isolated for millennia by rising sea water after the last Ice Age, Australian Aboriginal peoples developed a variety of regional cultures and languages, invented distinct
3975:
4001:
3689:"...either genuine self-identification as Aboriginal alone or Aboriginal communal recognition as such by itself may suffice, according to the circumstances." This contributed to an increase of 31% in the number of people identifying as Indigenous Australians in the 1996 census when compared to the 1991 census. In 1998
2008:
3988:
2063:
to integrate Aboriginal persons who were "not of full blood" into the white community in an effort to eliminate the "Aboriginal problem". As part of this, there was an increase in the number of children forcibly removed from their homes and placed with white people, either in institutions or foster homes.
2106:
armed groups of Aboriginal men who were recruited at gunpoint and led by government officers to eliminate Aboriginal resistance. There is evidence that massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which began with arrival of British colonists, continued until the 1930s. Researchers at the
6531:
that would see recognition for Indigenous Australians, who delivered their report, which included five recommendations for changes to the Constitution as well as recommendations for the referendum process, in January 2012. The Government promised to hold a referendum on the constitutional recognition
5994:
had an employment probability of 85% (for males) and 74% (for females) for gaining employment, decreasing along with qualifications, so that those who have completed Year 9 and below have a 43% (male) and 32% (female) probability of gaining employment. Other factors, unlike education, are not covered
5957:
However, most of the Closing the Gap targets for education are not on track. In general, the gaps have improved (such as in NAPLAN results) or not devolved (school attendance rate remaining stable for several years) have not met targets. Remoteness seems to be a factor; students in isolated or remote
5789:
The life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is difficult to quantify accurately. Indigenous deaths are poorly identified, and the official figures for the size of the population at risk include large adjustment factors. Two estimates of Indigenous life expectancy in 2008 differed by as much as five
4363:
The involvement of Christians in Aboriginal affairs has evolved significantly since 1788. The Churches became involved in mission work among Aboriginal peoples in the 19th century as Europeans came to control much of the continent, and the majority of the population was eventually converted. Colonial
4062:
According to the 2005 National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS), at the time the Australian continent was colonised, there were around 250 different Indigenous languages, with the larger language groups each having up to 100 related dialects. Some of these languages were only ever spoken by perhaps
3593:
It has been variously estimated that before the arrival of British settlers, the population of Indigenous (probably Aboriginal only) Australians was approximately 318,000–1,000,000 with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east,
2824:
By 1900, the recorded Indigenous population of Australia had declined to approximately 93,000. However, this was only a partial count, as both Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders were poorly covered, with desert Aboriginal peoples not counted at all until the 1930s. During the first half of
2105:
As part of the colonisation process, there were many conflicts and clashes between colonists and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across the continent and islands. In Queensland, the killing of Aboriginal peoples was largely perpetrated by civilian "hunting" parties and the Native Police,
2062:
From 1810, Aboriginal peoples were moved onto mission stations, run by churches and the state. After this period of protectionist policies that aimed to segregate and control Aboriginal populations, in 1937 the Commonwealth government agreed to move towards assimilation policies. These policies aimed
1157:
Recent work with mitochondrial DNA suggests a founder population of between 1,000 and 3,000 women to produce the genetic diversity observed, which suggests that "initial colonisation of the continent would have required deliberate organised sea travel, involving hundreds of people". Aboriginal people
7315:
Ronald M. Berndt has published traditional Aboriginal song-poetry in his book "Three Faces of Love", Nelson 1976. R.M.W. Dixon and M. Duwell have published two books dealing with sacred and everyday poetry: "The Honey Ant Men's Love Song" and "Little Eva at Moonlight Creek", University of Queensland
6140:
In addition, there's an emerging solidarity between Black and Indigenous communities for finding land justice and reparations. Initiatives like the Indigenous-led Land Back movement and various Black community organizations are working towards reclaiming land and advocating for financial restitution
6009:
Indigenous Australians are over-represented in Australia's criminal justice system. As of September 2019, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 3.3% of the general population. In May 2018, Indigenous women made up
5989:
A 2016 ABS report on labour force characteristics show low employment rates. An analysis of the figures suggested significant barriers to Indigenous people gaining employment, possibly including job location, employer discrimination, and lack of education and others. A big factor is education. Those
4284:
Torres Strait Islander people have their own traditional belief systems. Stories of the Tagai represent Torres Strait Islanders as sea people, with a connection to the stars, as well as a system of order in which everything has its place in the world. Some Torres Strait Islander people share beliefs
3914:
3654:
he tried to enlist but was rejected because he was an Aborigine so he moved to another state where he enlisted as a non-Aborigine. After the end of the war he applied for a passport but was rejected as he was an Aborigine, he obtained an exemption under the Aborigines Protection Act but was now told
730:
or belonging to a particular place or "country". A community may draw on separate cultural values and individuals can conceivably belong to a number of communities within Australia; identification within them may be adopted or rejected. An individual community may identify itself by many names, each
21374:
analysis confirmed this branching pattern, with the Leang Panninge individual branching off from the Near Oceanian clade after the Denisovan gene flow, although with the most supported topology indicating around 50% of a basal East Asian component contributing to the Leang Panninge genome (Fig. 3c,
7259:
report, the Victorian government stated that "despite the apparent recognition in government reports that the interests of Indigenous children were best served by keeping them in their own communities, the number of Aboriginal children forcibly removed continued to increase, rising from 220 in 1973
6093:
The rate of family violence in Indigenous Australian communities, especially in the Northern Territory, has been high for many years, and under-reported. It has been estimated to be around 34 times greater than the national rate, and, in the worst areas, up to 80 times. There is no single cause for
4416:
affiliation, while less than 2% reported traditional beliefs as their religion, and 36% reported no religion. The proportion of Indigenous people who reported no religion has increased gradually since 2001, standing at 36% in 2016. According to "Table 8: Religious Affiliation by Indigenous Status",
3644:
of their respective parliaments in order that they would have "a reasonable chance of absorption into the white community to which they rightly belong". Grey areas in determination of ethnicity led to people of mixed ancestry being caught in the middle of divisive policies which often led to absurd
2118:
Estimating the total number of deaths during the frontier wars is difficult due to lack of records and the fact that many massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were kept secret. It is often quoted that 20,000 Aboriginal Australians and 2000 colonists died in the frontier wars; however,
1963:
Another consequence of British colonisation was European seizure of land and water resources, with the decimation of kangaroo and other food sources which continued throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries as rural lands were converted for sheep and cattle grazing. Settlers also participated in
1780:
in Queensland, where his ship was nearly wrecked on the Great Barrier Reef. Here relations were generally amicable and Cook recorded words from their language including "kangaroo", though a fight broke out when the British took turtles from the river without sharing them. Peace was restored when an
477:
There are a number of appropriate terms to use when referring to Aboriginal peoples of Australia, but there is general agreement that it is important to respect the "preferences of individuals, families, or communities, and allow them to define what they are most comfortable with" when referring to
6014:
reported that about half (a total of 2,339) of the young people aged 10–17 under supervision in 2016–17 were Indigenous, although of that age group, Indigenous youth represent 5% of the general population. It concludes from the data that there is a clear issue occurring not only within Australia's
4399:
on 1 July 1871, establishing its first base in the region there. The Islanders refer to this as "The Coming of the Light", or "Coming of Light" and all Island communities celebrate the occasion annually on 1 July. However the coming of Christianity did not spell the end of the people's traditional
2133:
Wilson states that "Genocide can be committed by means other than actual physical extermination. It is committed by the forcible transfer of children, provided the other elements of the crime are established." He points out that "Genocide is committed even when the destruction has not been carried
1772:
Nevertheless, Cook also noted in his journal two men at Botany Bay who "seem'd resolved to oppose" his first landing. According to Cook, after one of the men threw a rock, Cook fired a musquet loaded with small shott, which struck him with little effect. Some shott was lodged into one of the men's
1301:
peoples of Asia, (not found amongst populations in mainland Asia) suggesting that modern and archaic humans interbred in Asia approximately 44,000 years ago, before Australia separated from New Guinea and the migration to Australia. A 2012 paper reports that there is also evidence of a substantial
396:
Although there are a number of cultural commonalities among Indigenous Australians, there is also a great diversity among different communities. The 2022 Australian census recorded 167 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages used at home by some 76,978 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
5367:
Though lost to history, many traditional forms of recreation were played and while these varied from tribe to tribe, there were often similarities. Ball games were quite popular and played by tribes across Australia, as were games based on use of weapons. There is extensive documented evidence of
4230:
and religious values are based upon reverence for the land and a belief in this Dreamtime. The Dreaming is at once both the ancient time of creation and the present-day reality of Dreaming. Different language and cultural groups each had their own belief structures; these cultures overlapped to a
3649:
In 1935, an Australian of part Indigenous descent left his home on a reserve to visit a nearby hotel where he was ejected for being Aboriginal. He returned home but was refused entry to the reserve because he was not Aboriginal. He attempted to remove his children from the reserve but was told he
2129:
According to the analysis of Justice Ronald Wilson in the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Report Australia's policy of forcible removal was genocidal in nature. Quoting Raphael Lemkin, Wilson defined genocide as "a coordinated plan of different actions aimed at the destruction of the essential
2114:
have been mapping the massacres. as of 2020 they have mapped almost 500 places where massacres happened, with 12,361 Aboriginal people killed and 204 Colonists killed, numbering at least 311 massacres over a period of about 140 years. After losing a significant number of their social unit in one
1768:
they may appear to some to be the most wretched people upon Earth, but in reality they are far more happier than we Europeans; being wholy unacquainted not only with the superfluous but the necessary conveniencies so much sought after in Europe, they are happy in not knowing the use of them. They
1464:
were harvested by leaving the bottom part of the yam still stuck in the ground so that it would grow again in the same spot. Similar to many other farmers in the world, Aboriginal peoples used slash and burn techniques to enrich the nutrients of their soil. However, sheep and cattle later brought
16615:
3897:
In the 2016, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%). (Ten
2975:
As mentioned above, Indigenous Australians received lower wages than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland in particular had their income quarantined by the Protector and were allowed a minimal amount of their income. In 1966,
1562:
At the time of first European contact, it is generally estimated that the pre-1788 population was 314,000, while recent archaeological finds suggest that a population of 500,000 to 750,000 could have been sustained, with some ecologists estimating that a population of up to a million or even two
721:
The broad term Aboriginal Australians includes many regional groups that may be identified under names based on local language, locality, or what they are called by neighbouring groups. Some communities, cultures or groups may be inclusive of others and alter or overlap; significant changes have
7275:
Indigenous people across Australia and other colonist societies – Canada, New Zealand and South Africa – did not gain equal access to their repatriation benefits and military wages. In contrast to other Australian states, Aboriginal authorities in Victoria did not systematically deny Aboriginal
7183:
Genetics and material culture support repeated expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a population hub out of Africa, Vallini et al. 2022 (4 April 2022) Quote: "Taken together with a lower bound of the final settlement of Sahul at 37 ka (the date of the deepest population splits estimated by
3883:
Growth to 2016 was mainly in major cities and along the eastern coast of Australia. In 2018 the ABS published a report exploring the reasons for these findings, with some of the factors behind the increase being higher fertility rates of Indigenous women; people entering the population through
342:
as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these Indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups.
4103:
Nearly three quarters of Australian place names have origins in Aboriginal languages. However, the method of recording names used by early colonial surveyors was often unreliable. When a surveyor was seeking the name of a river, the Aboriginal responder might have given the word for "sand" or
3963:
3951:
3443:
in Central Australia. The statement calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" to supervise a process of "agreement-making" and "truth-telling" between government and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The statement references the
1570:
There is some evidence to suggest that the section of the Australian continent now occupied by Queensland was the single most densely populated area of pre-contact Australia. There are also signs that the population density of Aboriginal Australia was comparatively higher in the north-eastern
4789:
is their "literature" – "the most important aspect of Torres Strait lifestyle. The Torres Strait Islanders preserve and present their oral history through songs and dances;... the dances act as illustrative material and, of course, the dancer himself is the storyteller" (Ephraim Bani, 1979).
4572:
sites in Europe), and Aboriginal art is believed to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world. There are three major regional styles: the geometric style found in Central Australia, Tasmania, the Kimberley and Victoria, known for its concentric circles, arcs and dots; the simple
508:
While the term "Indigenous Australians" has grown in popularity since the 1980s, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples dislike it, feeling that it is too generic and removes their identity. However, many people think that the term is useful and convenient, and can be used where
3803:
providing a legal advice that a person was an 'aboriginal native' if they were a 'full-blood aboriginal'. As a consequence of section 127, Indigenous Australians in remote areas uninhabited by non-Indigenous Australians were not counted prior to 1967 in censuses and sometimes estimated.
500:
as early as 1789. It became capitalised and was employed as the common name to refer to both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, although today the latter are not included in the term. The term "Aborigine" (as opposed to "Aboriginal") is often disfavoured, being regarded as having
4027:
4221:
In Aboriginal communities knowledge and decision making is shared between tribal elders. Travellers had to seek elder recognition and acknowledge local Elders – this is increasingly practiced in public events in Australia. Within Aboriginal belief systems, a formative epoch known as
2142:
in Newcastle, Murdering Creek at Lake Weyba, Skull Pocket and Skeleton Creek near Cairns, Rifle Creek near Mt Molloy Qld, Skull Lagoon near Mt Carbine Qld, Skull Hole near Winton Qld, Battle Camp Road, Range and Station east of Laura Qld, Slaughterhouse Creek (Waterloo Creek) NSW.
5671:, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%).
6828:
408:
The Indigenous population prior to European settlement was small, with estimates ranging widely from 318,000 to over 3,000,000 in total, with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east, centred along the
907:
comprise over 100 islands which were annexed by Queensland in 1879. Many Indigenous organisations incorporate the phrase "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander" to highlight the distinctiveness and importance of Torres Strait Islanders in Australia's Indigenous population.
5982:, the Indigenous employment rate had decreased from 48% to 46.6% between 2006 and 2016, while the non-Indigenous employment rate remained steady at around 72% (a 25.4% gap). The employment rate for Indigenous women, however, increased from 39% to 44.8% in the same period.
3373:
In 2010, United Nations Special Rapporteur James Anaya found the Emergency Response to be racially discriminatory, and said that aspects of it represented a limitation on "individual autonomy". These findings were criticised by the government's Indigenous Affairs Minister
6470:(ICC) that administer Shared Responsibility Agreements and Regional Partnership Agreements with Aboriginal communities at a local level. ICCs operate as whole-of-government centres, housing staff from a number of departments to deliver services to Indigenous Australians.
6825:
2392:
4368:, strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity. Around the year 2000, many churches and church organisations officially apologised for past failures to adequately respect Indigenous cultures and address the injustices of the dispossession of Indigenous people.
2845:, all Indigenous Australians were nominally entitled to vote, generally only those who merged into mainstream society did so. Only Western Australia and Queensland specifically excluded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from the electoral rolls. Despite the
2837:
for extremely low wages. The Indigenous population continued to decline, reaching a low of 74,000 in 1933 before numbers began to recover. By 1995, population numbers had reached pre-colonisation levels, and in 2010 there were around 563,000 Indigenous Australians.
7139:
The use of the term Indigenous or Indigenous Australian is discouraged by many for being too generic and/or dehumanising. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders generally prefer more specific terms for their unique cultural origins or "Aboriginal and Torres Strait
1447:
There is some evidence that, before outside contact, some groups of Aboriginal Australians had a complex subsistence system with elements of agriculture, that was only recorded by the first European explorers. One early settler took notes on the life styles of the
4099:
It has been suggested that, given their long presence in Australia, Aboriginal languages form one specific sub-grouping. The position of Tasmanian languages is unknown, and it is also unknown whether they comprised one or more than one specific language family.
3926:
1476:
noted large stone fish traps on the Darling River at Brewarrina. Each trap covers a pool, herding fish through a small entrance that would later be shut. Traps were created at different heights to accommodate different water levels during floods and droughts.
3894:) to non-Aboriginal spouses increased to 78.2% in the 2016 census, (up from 74% in 2011, 64% in 1996, 51% in 1991 and 46% in 1986); it was reported in 2002 that up to 88% of the offspring of mixed marriages subsequently self-identify as Indigenous Australians.
1385:
896:. Accordingly, they are not generally included under the designation "Aboriginal Australians". This has been another factor in the promotion of the more inclusive term "Indigenous Australians". Six percent of Indigenous Australians identify themselves fully as
631:
was defined in a museum guide as: "a term used by some Aboriginal people to reclaim historical, representational, symbolical, stereotypical and romanticised notions of Black or Blackness. Often used as ammunition or inspiration." Deacon said that removing the
3697:
that Aboriginal descent is "technical" rather than "real" – thereby eliminating a genetic requirement. This decision established that anyone can classify him or herself legally as an Aboriginal, provided he or she is accepted as such by his or her community.
2959:
The 1960s was a pivotal decade in the assertion of Aboriginal rights and a time of growing collaboration between Aboriginal activists and white Australian activists. In 1962, Commonwealth legislation specifically gave Aboriginal people the right to vote in
5945:
Closing the Gap has focused on improving education for Indigenous people, with some success. Attainment of Year 12 or equivalent for ages 20–24 has increased from 47.4% in 2006 to 65.3% in 2016. This has led to more Indigenous people undertaking higher or
6193:
Since the 20th century there have been a number of individuals and organisations who have instigated significant events in the struggle for political representation, land rights and other political issues affecting the lives of Indigenous Australians:
1267:
Rasmussen et al 2011 shows that Aboriginal Australian have a lower proportion of European alleles compared to Asians, which they believe is indicative of a multiple dispersal model. Genetically, while Aboriginal Australians are most closely related to
3413:
In 2010, the federal government appointed a panel comprising Indigenous leaders, other legal experts and some members of parliament (including Ken Wyatt) to provide advice on how best to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the
15144:
6738:
declared independence from Australia, claiming territory straddling the border between the states of New South Wales and Queensland. Australia's Attorney General's Department indicated it did not consider the declaration to have any meaning in law.
5861:. Tobacco use has been estimated to be the "greatest contributor (23%) to the gap in the disease burden between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians", with Indigenous people 2.5 times more likely to smoke daily than non-Indigenous Australians.
3680:
As a result, there arose court cases throughout the 1990s where excluded people demanded that their Aboriginality be recognised. As a result, lower courts refined the High Court test when subsequently applying it. In 1995, Justice Drummond in the
4074:. The rest are sometimes lumped under the term "non-Pama–Nyungan". The Pama–Nyungan languages form the majority, covering most of Australia, and are generally thought to be a family of related languages. In the north, stretching from the Western
2004:), as well as racist policies, like Brisbane's Boundary Streets, which used to indicate boundaries where Aboriginal people were not allowed to cross during certain times of the day. There is ongoing discussion about changing many of these names.
549:
and often used pejoratively, the term is used today to indicate Aboriginal heritage or culture in general and refers to any people of such heritage regardless of their level of skin pigmentation. In the 1970s, many Aboriginal activists, such as
6827:
2047:, many of whom were there on trumped up charges, were chained up and forced to work. In 1971, 373 Aboriginal men were found buried in unmarked graves on the island. Up until June 2018, the former prison was being used as holiday accommodation.
4104:"water". Unless living speakers of the original languages remained when systematic research of Indigenous languages began in the 1930s, the meaning of many place names was therefore lost, or is now open to several interpretations. The word "
7218:(2 revised edition, Redfern NSW 1988, page 41). Column three however, is calculated on the basis of the "Aboriginal Australia" map, published by Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra 1994.
6094:
this high rate, but several probable causes or aggravating factors have been suggested by various researchers and stakeholders, including: dispossession of land and subsequent displacement of communities; childhood abuse experienced by the
18088:"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations."
6524:
2433:
979:
1940:. In the 19th century, smallpox was the principal cause of Aboriginal deaths, and vaccinations of the "native inhabitants" had begun in earnest by the 1840s. This smallpox epidemic in 1789 is estimated to have killed up to 90% of the
6599:, with Ken Wyatt as the inaugural officebearer. On 30 October 2019, Wyatt announced the commencement of a "co-design process" aimed at providing an Indigenous voice to Parliament. The Senior Advisory Group is co-chaired by Professor
5915:
There is a significant gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in educational attainment. This presents significant issues for employment. As of 2018, Indigenous students or adults, when compared with non-Indigenous peers:
3807:
Post 1967, Torres Strait Islanders were considered a separate Indigenous people. Prior to 1947, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal in censuses. In the 1947 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be
2909:
against the threat of Japanese invasion. However, most were denied pension rights and military allotments, except in Victoria, where each case was judged individually, without a blanket denial of rights accruing from their service.
2038:. Between 1860 and 1970, under the guise of protectionist policies, people, including children as young as 12, were forced to work on properties where they worked under horrific conditions and most did not receive any wages. In the
6141:
for civil and human rights violations. These movements utilize cooperative structures to advance land justice, emphasizing the importance of communal wealth and regenerative systems that are not extractive of people or the planet.
3254:
was established by the federal government to facilitate reconciliation. In 1998, a Constitutional Convention which selected a Republican model for a referendum included just six Indigenous participants, leading Monarchist delegate
2137:
There are few memorials in Australia acknowledging the widespread massacres of Aboriginal Peoples, and no memorials describing it as genocide. However, the massacres were often recorded by Australians as place names, for example:
19431:
16431:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial. Division 4AA.
12634:
3981:
Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by State Suburbs (SSC), according to the 2016 census (uninhabited mesh blocks (MB)
991:
5035:
Australian cinema has a long history, and the ceremonies of Indigenous Australians were among the first subjects to be filmed in Australia – notably a film of Aboriginal dancers in Central Australia, shot by the anthropologist
3884:
migration; variation in census coverage and response rates; and people changing how they self-identify between census years. Another factor might be the children of mixed marriages: the proportion of Aboriginal adults married (
1960:, not smallpox, carried by members of the First Fleet, and to which the Aboriginal people also had no immunity. Moreover, Aboriginal people were infected with sexually transmitted infections, especially syphilis and gonorrhea.
1003:
647:" was "taking on the 'colonisers' language and flipping it on its head". Contemporary Aboriginal arts are sometimes referred to as a "Blak" arts movement, reflected in names such as BlakDance, BlakLash Collective, the title of
20704:
13694:
20406:
17322:
943:
5985:
The Racial Discrimination Act was introduced in 1975, and the Anti-Discrimination Act, in 1977. Legal action alone cannot prevent all forms of racism, however, these Acts were put into law to place checks on the system.
1993:, and later placed on display. Campaigns continue to have Aboriginal body parts returned to Australia for burial; Truganini's body was returned in 1976 and cremated, and her ashes were scattered according to her wishes.
4704:
of people through the millennia of the individual and collective histories of Australian Indigenous peoples to the present day. Around 1950, the first research into Aboriginal music was undertaken by the anthropologist
3944:
The prevalent 1st response about ancestry of the Queensland people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous
2042:
industry, Aboriginal peoples were bought for about 5 pounds, with pregnant Aboriginal women "prized because their lungs were believed to have greater air capacity". Aboriginal prisoners in the Aboriginal-only prison on
967:
5619:
has had a huge impact on the psyche, health and well-being of Indigenous Australians; it has seriously impacted not only the children removed and their parents, but their descendants as well. Not only were many of the
4020:
The prevalent religious affiliation of the people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of self-identified Indigenous
417:
of British settlers arrived on instructions to "live in amity and kindness" with the Aboriginal population. Nevertheless, a population collapse principally from disease followed European colonisation, beginning with a
6442:
featured the largest number of Indigenous candidates in Australian history, with four running for the Coalition, eleven for Labor, and seventeen for the Greens. The Greens Victorian senate ticket were all Aboriginal.
19549:
5643:
There are many issues facing Indigenous people in Australia today when compared with the non-Indigenous population, despite some improvements. Several of these are interrelated, and include health (including shorter
1880:
Australia was the exception to British imperial colonisation practices, in that no treaty was drawn up setting out terms of agreement between the settlers and native proprietors, as was the case in North America and
23767:
20402:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial.
14095:
Bowler, James M; Johnston, H; Olley, J M; Prescott, John R; Roberts, Richard G; Shawcross, Wilfred; Spooner, Nigel A (20 February 2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia".
2881:
by an Aboriginal Australian, and it succeeded. Dhakiyarr was found to have been wrongly convicted of the murder of a white policeman, for which he had been sentenced to death; the case focused national attention on
18148:
14821:
2175:
sent two bark petitions to the Australian government to protest the granting of mining rights on their lands. The Yirrkala Bark petitions were traditional Aboriginal documents to be recognised under Commonwealth
6757:
in New Zealand, no treaty has ever been concluded between Indigenous Australians and an Australian government. However, although there is still no move toward a treaty at federal level, it is contended that the
1456:
tubers, a native yam that is now almost extinct. However, the area that they were harvesting from was already cleared of other plants, making it easier to harvest Murnong (also known as yam daisy) exclusively.
1296:
about 32,000 years ago, with a rapid population expansion about 5,000 years ago. A 2011 genetic study found evidence that the Aboriginal, Papuan and Mamanwa peoples carry some of the alleles associated with the
20056:
18194:
5001:
21167:
6026:
and disconnection from land, the effects of their health and housing situations, their ability to access an economic base such as land and employment, their education, and the use of alcohol and other drugs.
5812:
remain major concerns, with the suicide rate being double that of the non-Indigenous population in 2015, and young people experiencing rising rates of mental health difficulties. There are high incidences of
2159:
celebrations by gathering for an "Aborigines Conference" in Sydney and marking the day as the "Day of Protest and Mourning"; the day is now often referred to as "Survival Day" or "Invasion Day" by Indigenous
2027:, whose role was to control the lives of Indigenous Australians. Wages were controlled by the Protectors, and Indigenous Australians received less income than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment.
14417:
1885:. Many of the men on the First Fleet had had military experience among Native American tribes in North America, and tended to attribute to the Aboriginal people alien and misleading systems or concepts like
3969:
Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Local Government Areas (LGA), according to the 2016 census
12905:
6492:, revisited the idea of bringing a referendum to seek recognition of Indigenous Australians in the Constitution (his government having previously sought to include recognition of Indigenous peoples in the
5962:
reported that of the seven targets, only two – early childhood education and Year 12 attainment – had been met. Only Year 9 numeracy was on track in all states and territories, with variations among them.
3957:
Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census
566:, reflecting on contemporary Aboriginal culture. Use of this term varies depending on context and its use needs care as it may be deemed inappropriate. The term "Black" has sometimes caused confusion with
13058:
7577:
7575:
1244:. Phylogenetic data suggests that an early initial eastern non-African (ENA) or East-Eurasian meta-population trifurcated, and gave rise to Australasians (Oceanians), the Ancient Ancestral South Indians,
23913:
17638:
4007:
Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) and spoken at home on one of Indigenous Australian languages by Statistical Areas 1
3834:
includes counts based on questions relating to individuals' self-identification as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, or of both origins. Owing to various difficulties which lead to under-counting, the
3365:
for essential goods purchasing; dispatched additional police and medical personnel to the region; and suspended the permit system for access to Aboriginal communities. In addition to these measures, the
3994:
The languages most often spoken at home by people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous
23878:
12635:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016: Technical Note 1 Estimated Resident Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population – Method of Calculation"
1372:
and New Guinea to mainland Australia about 70,000 years ago, as of 2020 evidence of human settlement in the Torres Strait has only been uncovered by archaeologists dating back to about 2500 years ago.
350:
or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common. Since 1995, the
6446:
As of 2023, Indigenous Australians members of the senate represent 10.5% of the 76 Senate seats, and 1.9% in the House. The total representation is at 4.8%, far above the national population of 3.3%.
1276:
people, McEvoy et al 2010 believed there is also another component that could indicate Ancient Ancestral South Indian admixture or more recent European influence. Research indicates a single founding
13466:"United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya: Observations on the Northern Territory Emergency Response in Australia"
5727:
cross-system priorities, which "addresses racism, discrimination and social inclusion, healing and trauma, and the promotion of culture and language for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"
2119:
recent research indicates at least 40,000 Aboriginal dead and 2,000 to 2,500 settlers dead. Other research indicates a minimum of 65,000 Aboriginal peoples may have been killed in Queensland alone.
888:
The Torres Strait Islander people possess a heritage and cultural history distinct from Aboriginal traditions. The eastern Torres Strait Islanders in particular are related to the Papuan peoples of
401:. It is now estimated that all but 13 remaining Indigenous languages are considered endangered. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create
24540:
19395:
21056:
24919:
3759:
21314:
Carlhoff, Selina; Duli, Akin; Nägele, Kathrin; Nur, Muhammad; Skov, Laurits; Sumantri, Iwan; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Syahdar, Fardi Ali; McGahan, David P. (2021).
14796:
16954:
3066:, which recognised Aboriginal Australians' system of land rights in the Northern Territory, and established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the NT could claim rights to land based on
1781:
elder presented Cook with a broken-tipped spear as a peace offering – remembered as a first "act of reconciliation". The encounter is commemorated annually by the Guugu Yimithirr to this day.
25775:
4351:
were involved in the placement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children after they were removed from their parents upon orders of the government, and are therefore implicated in the
4067:
died in the late 1960s; using recordings and written records as a guide, a Ngarrindjeri dictionary was published in 2009, and the Ngarrindjeri language is today spoken in complete sentences.
3920:
Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census
6826:
4033:
Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census
2115:
blow, the survivors were left very vulnerable – with reduced ability to gather food, reproduce, or fulfill their ceremonial obligations, as well as defend themselves against further attack.
25035:
24197:
20683:
17951:
16718:
16476:
14800:
13390:
7058:
14887:
12877:
4525:. Evidence of Aboriginal art can be traced back at least 30,000 years, with examples of ancient rock art throughout the continent. Some of these are in national parks such as those of the
23918:
23782:
4226:" or "the Dreamtime" stretches back into the distant past when the creator ancestors known as the First Peoples travelled across the land, and naming as they went. Indigenous Australia's
19439:
16611:
5890:, reported that the number of people sniffing petrol in the 25 communities studied had declined by 95.2%, from 453 to just 22, related to the distribution of a new, low aromatic petrol,
19048:
6718:) is now Aboriginal-owned. In the last decade, nearly 200 native title claims covering 1.3 million km of land – approximately 18% of the Australian continent – have been approved.
5897:
The 2018 UQ study also reported that alcohol and cannabis were the drugs causing most concern. Ice was reported present in 8 of the 25 communities, but nearly all only occasional use.
13702:
12714:
7702:
5319:
20732:
6862:
During the twentieth century, as social attitudes shifted and interest in Indigenous culture increased, there were more opportunities for Indigenous Australians to gain recognition.
23928:
5636:– after being removed and while living in group homes or adoptive families, but were also deprived of their culture alongside their families. This has resulted in the disruption of
2469:
931:
3860:
showed growth in the Indigenous population (recorded as 517,000) at twice the rate of overall population growth since 1996, when the Indigenous population stood at 283,000. In the
3281:
The republican model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, was put to
3232:
During this period, the federal government enacted a number of significant, but controversial, policy initiatives in relation to Indigenous Australians. A representative body, the
2122:
There have been arguments over whether deaths of Aboriginal peoples, particularly in Tasmania, as well as the forcible removal of children from Aboriginal communities, constitutes
405:(which also has a tangible influence of Indigenous languages in the phonology and grammatical structure). Around three quarters of Australian place names are of Aboriginal origin.
365:
The time of arrival of the first human beings in Australia is a matter of debate and ongoing investigation. The earliest conclusively human remains found in Australia are those of
23888:
23873:
22326:
12987:
1337:– has only been found in living humans today amongst Aboriginal Australians. 27% of them may carry K2* and approximately 29% of Aboriginal Australian males belong to subclades of
15345:
2015:
Throughout most of the 19th and 20th centuries, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had their lives under the jurisdiction of various state-based protection laws. These
23812:
20749:
16022:
3830:
As there is no formal procedure for any community to record acceptance, the primary method of determining Indigenous population is from self-identification on census forms. The
20679:
13738:
2894:
and Protest at an Aboriginal meeting in Sydney, and has since become marked around Australia as "Invasion Day" or "Survival Day" by Aboriginal protesters and their supporters.
1952:
and nearby islands may have introduced smallpox to Australia before the arrival of Europeans. A third suggestion is that the outbreak was caused by contact with members of the
24192:
23908:
23868:
20942:
Includes concise summary of referendum, plus detailed section on Legislative Background, starting with the 1891 National Australasian Convention. Tabs to other pages include:
20527:
16039:
3745:
21565:
Aboriginal suicide is different: Aboriginal youth suicide in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand: towards a model of explanation and alleviation
20143:
19113:
17145:
13383:
1500:
was well-developed, and fibre nets, baskets, and bags were used for fishing, hunting, and carrying liquids. Trade networks spanned the continent, and transportation included
24741:
23883:
19553:
14485:
Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; et al. (19 July 2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago".
6243:
3799:, which was repealed in 1967, had excluded "aboriginal natives" from being counted in the overall population statistics for each state and territory and nationally with the
2816:. The forcible removal of these children occurred in the period between approximately 1871 and 1969, although, in some places, children were still being taken in the 1970s.
21708:
17721:
16646:
15842:
Gregory J. Adcock; Elizabeth S. Dennis; Simon Easteal; Gavin A. Huttley; Lars S. Jermiin; W. James Peacock; Alan Thorne. "Lake Mungo 3: A response to recent critiques". In
12782:
4270:
areas of Central Australia) were highly respected men and women who not only acted as healers or doctors, but were generally also custodians of important Dreaming stories.
15806:]; G. A. Huttley; L. S. Jermiin; W. J. Peacock; A. Thorne. "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins. (Abstract)". In
15657:
13465:
7043:
12670:
24545:
21090:
18156:
16790:
12858:
12838:
1784:
Cook's favourable impression of the East Coast of Australia led directly to the commencement of the British colonisation of Australia, commencing at Sydney in 1788. The
1280:
group with subsequent isolation between regional populations which were relatively unaffected by later migrations from the Asian mainland, which may have introduced the
12738:
18829:
Olley, J. M.; Roberts, R. G.; Yoshida, H.; Bowler, J. M. (2006). "Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia".
3932:
Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginals only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census
2318:
16313:
15045:
David, Bruno; McNiven, Ian; Mitchell, Rod; Orr, Meredith; Haberle, Simon; et al. (July 2004). "Badu 15 and the Papuan-Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait".
1173:
as far back as 60,000 years BP. Evidence of fires in South-West Victoria suggest "human presence in Australia 120,000 years ago", although more research is required.
25636:
25324:
21159:
20894:
ENGAGING – a Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property
20442:
19947:
19882:
Living on saltwater country: review of literature about Aboriginal rights, use, management and interests in northern Australian marine environments: background paper
12578:
1154:
It is generally believed that Aboriginal people are the descendants of a single migration into the continent, a people that split from the ancestors of East Asians.
16135:
6125:
commitments", in addition to other funding already committed to the states and NT under the National Partnership on Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence Responses.
3650:
could not because they were Aboriginal. He then walked to the next town where he was arrested for being an Aboriginal vagrant and sent to the reserve there. During
3393:, which is intended to address key issues that exist within Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory such as unemployment, school attendance and enrolment,
2968:
students organised a bus tour of western and coastal New South Wales towns in 1965 to raise awareness of the state of Aboriginal health and living conditions. This
23777:
16333:
12885:
12694:
7261:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
6500:). His announcement was seen by some as a surprising adoption of the importance of the symbolic aspects of the reconciliation process, and reaction was mixed. The
3731:
955:
17:
20044:
18509:
16734:
14374:
23923:
19968:
19360:
14564:
13873:"Radiocarbon analysis of the early archaeological site of Nauwalabila I, Arnhem Land, Australia: implications for sample suitability and stratigraphic integrity"
13062:
2343:
578:
is an Australian news and current affairs program covering "issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians". It is presented and produced by
19650:
4863:(1872–1967), known as the first Aboriginal author, is credited for providing the first accounts of Aboriginal mythology written by an Aboriginal person, in his
857:) who died in 1876, was, and still is, widely believed to be the last of the "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal people. However, in 1889 Parliament recognised
24713:
23822:
18432:
16966:
Kayser, M; Brauer, Silke; Weiss, Gunter; Schiefenhövel, Wulf; Underhill, Peter; Shen, Peidong; Oefner, Peter; Tommaseo-Ponzetta, Mila; Stoneking, Mark (2003).
15000:
14983:
2382:
2191:. The Tent Embassy was given heritage status in 1995, and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2012, making it the longest, unanswered protest camp in the world.
1128:, a rock shelter in northern Australia, indicates human activity at 65,000 years BP. Genetic studies appear to support an arrival date of 50–70,000 years ago.
12579:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Changing Propensity to Identify"
7610:
6473:
Major political parties in Australia have tried to increase Indigenous representation within their parties. One suggestion for achieving this is to introduce
3717:
3370:
were released into communities and there were increased police powers, which were later further increased with the so-called "paperless arrests" legislation.
25007:
24962:
23797:
23787:
16550:
Hudjashov, G.; Kivisild, T.; Underhill, P. A.; Endicott, P.; Sanchez, J. J.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Oefner, P.; Renfrew, C.; Villems, R.; Forster, P. (2007).
7338:
On 1 July 2019 the Indigenous Affairs portfolio was moved through a Machinery of Government change to form the National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA).
5476:
3274:
report – estimated that around 10% to 33% of all Aboriginal children had been separated from their families for the duration of the policies. The succeeding
3297:
naming mistreatment of Indigenous Australians as the most "blemished chapter in our national history", although Howard refused to offer any formal apology.
25515:
23893:
22343:
15067:
15033:
14604:
13589:
5750:), and cultural disconnection can impact both physical and mental health, and contemporary disadvantage is related to colonisation and its ongoing impact.
3062:
2499:
2479:
19403:
3250:
Reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians became a significant issue in Australian politics in the late 20th century. In 1991, the
24977:
19334:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel [Commentary and Recommendations only]"
16874:
16529:
15733:
Foley, Dennis (2007). "Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966". In Macfarlane, Ingereth; Hannah, Mark (eds.).
15020:
12798:
12466:
12454:
3418:. The panel's recommendations, reported to the federal government in January 2012, included deletion of provisions of the Constitution referencing race (
2387:
2363:
17343:
17060:
15833:
D. J. Colgan. "Commentary on G.J. Adconck, et al., 2001 "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: implications for modern human origins". In
14804:
6770:
in 2016 constitutes a treaty, and at the state and territory levels there are currently (early 2018) other negotiations and preparatory legislation. In
6415:
Forty people identifying as being of Indigenous Australian ancestry have been members of the ten Australian legislatures. Of these, 22 have been in the
25065:
20865:
20852:
13256:
6677:
6466:
disbanded ATSIC and replaced it and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services (ATSIS) Regional and State Offices with an appointed network of
6038:. Indigenous women are highly over-represented in this figure, accounting for a higher proportion of assault victims than the non-Indigenous category.
3427:
2418:
2293:
21505:
17010:
13718:
12603:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Summary of Key Findings"
4311:
situations, the churches both facilitated the loss of Indigenous culture and religion and also facilitated its maintenance. In some cases, such as at
1711:
The Torres Strait peoples' fishing economy relied on boats, which they built themselves. There is also evidence of the construction of large, complex
1252:, although Papuans may have also received some geneflow from an earlier group (xOOA) as well, around 2%, next to additional archaic admixture in the
718:
Aboriginal peoples of Australia are the various peoples indigenous to mainland Australia and associated islands, excluding the Torres Strait Islands.
25055:
18681:
18574:
18472:
Nagle, N; Ballantyne, KN; van Oven, M; Tyler-Smith, C; Xue, Y; et al. (2015). "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes".
7063:
6547:. After six months of consultation, the First Nations National Constitutional Convention met over four days from 23 to 26 May 2017, and ratified the
18253:
15461:
13042:
3278:
largely ignored the recommendations provided by the report, one of which was a formal apology to Aboriginal Australians for the Stolen Generations.
25411:
25015:
24746:
24658:
21065:
6637:
6625:
6455:
3233:
1085:
19732:
17031:
16293:
2972:
also aimed to highlight the social discrimination faced by Aboriginal people and encourage Aboriginal people themselves to resist discrimination.
24909:
24731:
23522:
22224:
21423:
18809:
17585:
15270:
14958:
12967:
12550:
6673:
4182:, or Torres Strait Creole, the third language, is a non-typical Pacific English Creole and is the main language of communication on the islands.
3423:
3024:
2509:
2428:
1756:
in 1688 and 1699. Dampier was impressed neither by the country nor the people of the west Australian coast. Almost a century later, the explorer
21280:
20284:
20077:
19421:
19379:
17489:
16078:
4871:(1920–1995) was a famous Aboriginal poet, writer and rights activist, credited with publishing the first book of verse by an Aboriginal author,
4108:" was chosen for the national capital. It is popularly believed to mean "meeting place", but this is contested. According to the anthropologist
670:
25552:
24429:
17506:
16937:
16251:
14584:
7099:
6727:, the High Court of Australia recognised native title in Australia for the first time. The majority in the High Court rejected the doctrine of
6665:
6072:
3624:. From 1869 until well into the 1970s, children under 12 years of age with 25% or less Aboriginal blood were considered "white" and were often
3344:
3027:
of the Constitution, and for Aboriginal people to be included when the country does a count to determine electoral representation by repealing
2902:
2539:
2423:
18606:
18315:
16714:
16191:
6839:
After the arrival of European settlers in New South Wales, some Indigenous Australians became translators and go-betweens; the best-known was
5954:
report, Indigenous students in higher education award courses more than doubled in number over the decade from 2006 (9,329) to 2017 (19,237).
3361:
among Aboriginal communities in the NT. The government banned alcohol in prescribed communities in the Territory; quarantined a percentage of
1873:, although that settlement failed after a few years, along with a couple of later attempts; permanent settlement was only finally achieved at
303:
are people with familial heritage from, and/or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of present day
25629:
25312:
25040:
22229:
19758:
19613:
19040:
18706:
18406:
15448:. The Australian Historical Association 33rd Annual Conference. Conflict in History. Fullarton, SA: sapro Conference Management. p. 28.
14280:
12650:
6985:
6657:
5114:
4298:
3397:, community safety and child protection, food security and housing and land reforms. The policy has been criticised by organisations such as
20661:
Bringing them home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families
20607:
19807:
18669:
17942:
15946:
15136:
13078:
12722:
2328:
25482:
24879:
24756:
22724:
22494:
20764:
20089:
17170:
12498:
6253:
6071:
said that the 2005–2006 ABS statistics did not appear to support the "allegations of endemic child abuse... that was the rationale for the
5718:
4897:
by Indigenous poets, including traditional song-poetry – ranging from sacred to everyday – has been published since the late 20th century.
4720:, which is widely thought to be a stereotypical instrument of Aboriginal people, was traditionally played by Aboriginal men of the eastern
4701:
4216:
3325:
3305:
3259:
to end his contribution to the convention with his Jagera tribal "Sorry Chant" in sadness at the low number of Indigenous representatives.
2524:
2504:
1764:. Cook was impressed both by the land and the people whom he encountered, writing in his journal: "From what I have said of the Natives of
266:
20819:
19313:
19283:
18763:
18173:
15325:
15240:
Dunbar-Hall, P.; Gibson, C. (2000). "Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and identity in Australian indigenous rock music".
12530:
3795:
Indigenous Australians have been counted in every census albeit only approximately and using inconsistent definitions. Section 127 of the
25438:
24003:
21061:
NOTE: Updates to 798,400 people, or 3.3% of the population, includes reasons for 19% increase in the population estimate on 30 June 2011.
19984:
Spooner, P. G.; Firman, M.; Yalmambirra (2013). "Origins of Travelling Stock Routes. 1. Connections to Indigenous traditional pathways".
17223:
16626:
16373:
13850:
12995:
6894:, have combined Indigenous musical styles and instruments with pop/rock, gaining appreciation amongst non-Indigenous audiences. Polymath
5026:
3419:
2942:
2777:
2076:
423:
18883:
18174:"First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)"
17549:
17073:
13526:
3175:
became the first Indigenous Australian to captain his country in any sport when he first led the Australian National Rugby League team,
2852:
25547:
25359:
25147:
25132:
24751:
24688:
21750:
20825:
19795:
19708:
19120:
18128:
17303:
16754:
15490:
14318:
14160:
14036:
10188:
7109:
6011:
5694:
since July 2019, aims to address multiple areas to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples. Draft targets for 2019 were created by the
5573:
3028:
2353:
1309:
in high frequencies with peak estimates ranging from 60.2% to 68.7%. In addition, the basal form K2* (K-M526) of the extremely ancient
1233:
21414:
Reyes-Centeno, Hugo; Ghirotto, Silvia; Détroit, Florent; Grimaud-Hervé, Dominique; Barbujani, Guido; Harvati, Katerina (20 May 2014).
20336:
19180:
17464:
17120:
15882:
13742:
12618:
11872:
7078:
6539:
In December 2015, the 16-member Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Council was jointly appointed by the Prime Minister,
6088:
1896:
British administrative control began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862, with the appointment of John Jardine, police magistrate at
25704:
25050:
24957:
24693:
23668:
21997:
20687:
18586:
17183:
16862:
16414:
13619:
11847:
7472:
6906:
6239:
6022:
Explanations given for this over-representation include the economic position of Indigenous Australians, the knock-on effects of the
5967:
5753:
Successive censuses have shown, that (after adjusting for demographic structures) Indigenous Australians experience greater rates of
5022:
4771:
4150:, two indigenous languages and an English-based creole. The indigenous language spoken mainly in the western and central islands is
3656:
3445:
1151:
remains. Independent DNA testing is unlikely as the Indigenous custodians are not expected to allow further invasive investigations.
900:
Islanders. A further 4% of Indigenous Australians identify themselves as having both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal heritage.
709:
20426:
19880:
16049:
15484:
14460:. Bringing them Home (Report). Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report. Australian Human Rights Commission. April 1997.
12925:
12715:"4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2005: Crime and Justice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Contact with the Law ABS"
7149:
Rhys Jones: 3,000–5,000, N. J. B. Plomley: 4,000–6,000, Henry Reynolds: 5,000–7,000, Colin Pardoe: 12,000+ and David Davies: 15,000.
4885:(1987) was considered a breakthrough memoir in terms of bringing Indigenous stories to a wider audience. The talents of playwrights
485:' has been in the English language since at least the 16th century to mean "first or earliest known, indigenous". It comes from the
430:
involving European settlers also contributed to depopulation. From the 19th to the mid-20th century, government policy removed many
25770:
25622:
25557:
25510:
25166:
24675:
24575:
23633:
20147:
19093:
17617:
17153:
16337:
13404:
11633:
6835:
footage and interviews of Australians celebrating Freeman's Olympics win – many noting how it brought the country together "as one"
6435:, the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was also the first Australian parliament to have an Indigenous member elected to it.
6432:
6428:
6350:
6257:
3012:
2333:
20958:
20422:
19073:
18274:
14466:
14144:
13337:
Aghakhanian, Farhang; Yunus, Yushima; Naidu, Rakesh; Jinam, Timothy; Manica, Andrea; Hoh, Boon Peng; Phipps, Maude E. (May 2015).
12567:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2006–2011"
6532:
of Indigenous Australians on or before the federal election due for 2013. The plan was abandoned in September 2012, with Minister
4124:
Cross-cultural miscommunication can sometimes occur between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. According to Michael Walsh and
1528:
in what is now South Australia, stone shelters in what is now western Victoria, and a multi-room pole and bark structure found in
1480:
Technology used by Indigenous Australian societies before European contact included weapons, tools, shelters, watercraft, and the
985:
Ancestry of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population (Torres Strait Islander or other)
25603:
25494:
25450:
25070:
24869:
24736:
24401:
23739:
23494:
18859:
18464:
17712:
16894:
16802:
16654:
13646:
12774:
6977:, today loom large in national debates. Some Indigenous people who initially became famous in other spheres – for instance, poet
6416:
6397:
2549:
2298:
21476:
20946:
20240:
18213:
McNiven, Ian (2004). "Saltwater People: spiritscapes, maritime rituals and the archaeology of Australian indigenous seascapes".
15710:
15664:
15527:
4521:
Australia has a tradition of Aboriginal art which is thousands of years old, the best known forms being Australian rock art and
25287:
24804:
23451:
23392:
22271:
22081:
21889:
21803:
21608:
21233:
21176:
20893:
17613:
17525:
Lockwood, Christine (2017). "4. Early encounters on the Adelaide Plains and Encounter Bay". In Brock, Peggy; Gara, Tom (eds.).
16670:
15403:
The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region
14638:
12818:
12678:
6203:
5887:
5691:
4967:
2898:
2348:
21101:
21024:
16774:
16455:
16353:
15765:
13416:
12551:"2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016: Religion in Australia, 2016"
12434:
5074:
was a British film set in Australia; it was a forerunner to many Australian films related to indigenous themes and introduced
4752:
is a generic word to explain different genres of performance, embracing songs, dances, rallies and meetings of various kinds.
2151:
There has always been Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander resistance, from the arrival of colonists through to the present.
1989:, a Tasmanian Aboriginal who died in 1876, was exhumed within two years of her death despite her pleas to the contrary by the
24761:
24614:
24151:
24035:
22167:
22007:
21243:
20833:
20640:
20325:
20257:
20229:
20155:
Taufik, Leonard; Teixeira, João C.; Llamas, Bastien; Sudoyo, Herawati; Tobler, Raymond; Purnomo, Gludhug A. (December 2022).
20066:
20024:
20005:
19936:
19903:
19893:
19685:
19296:
19021:
17987:
17392:
16172:
16007:
15977:
15911:
15863:
15746:
15580:
15498:
15429:
15410:
15185:
15175:
15111:
14617:
14407:
14328:
14252:
14085:
13500:
12953:
5297:(2019), all made by Aboriginal film-makers and featuring Aboriginal themes, were well-received and in some cases won awards.
5080:
4391:
spread throughout the Torres Strait Islands, and it remains strong today among Torres Strait Islander people everywhere. The
4075:
3251:
2707:
2626:
2614:
2584:
2489:
776:); Goorie (variant pronunciation and spelling of Koori) in South East Queensland and some parts of northern New South Wales;
14699:
14340:"The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: fire and environment in a 120,000-year coastal midden — nature or people?"
13510:
8989:
6117:
As the federal government, upon being urged by experts to create the means to halt the violence in 2021, announced an extra
4412:
In the 2016 Census, Australia's Indigenous and non-Indigenous population were broadly similar with 54% (vs 55%) reporting a
2054:
The successive breeding out of "colour" in the Aboriginal population as part of assimilation policies, demonstrated here in
25302:
24982:
24651:
24277:
24126:
22283:
21823:
21818:
21813:
18047:
McEvoy, B. P.; Lind, J. M.; Wang, E. T.; Moyzis, R. K.; Visscher, P. M.; Van Holst Pellekaan, S. M.; Wilton, A. N. (2010).
17779:
Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Westaway, Michael C.; Muller, Craig; Sousa, Vitor C.; Lao, Oscar; et al. (21 September 2016).
16694:
16317:
15642:
13003:
7094:
6775:
6370:
4057:
3176:
2722:
2338:
1944:. The cause of the outbreak is disputed. Some scholars have attributed it to European settlers, but it is also argued that
1009:
Religious affiliations of Torres Strait islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population
997:
Languages used at home by Torres Strait Islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population
624:
545:
The term "Black" has been used to refer to Aboriginal Australians since European colonisation. While originally related to
308:
19196:
14975:
13434:
The journey of the Saltwater people of the Gold Coast as documented by photographer David Kelly and narrated by Ben Allmon
7193:
Neil Thomson argues that the likely aboriginal population of Australia in 1788 was around 750,000 or even over a million (
3128:
was appointed as the 28th Governor of South Australia, the first Aboriginal person appointed to vice-regal office. In the
25734:
25530:
22670:
22614:
22509:
22015:
21849:
21763:
21713:
21553:
21262:
20668:
20557:
20268:
19510:
19484:
19002:
18983:
18813:
18710:
18658:
18006:
17538:
17243:
17110:
17081:
16822:
16630:
15723:
15699:
15594:
15539:
15315:
14876:
14758:
14738:
14064:
13936:
13276:
Adcock, G. J.; Dennis, E. S.; Easteal, S.; Huttley, G. A.; Jermiin, L. S.; Peacock, W. J.; Thorne, A. (16 January 2001).
13200:
7053:
7038:
6832:
6697:
6588:
6497:
6358:
6323:
5585:
3282:
3184:
3157:
3141:
3008:, has established a number of schemes to give any earned income not received at the time back to Indigenous Australians.
2954:
2270:
2188:
2107:
21416:"Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia"
19455:
15590:
15286:
14646:
13758:
12698:
2897:
Hundreds of Indigenous Australians served in the Australian armed forces during World War Two – including with the
2874:
Despite efforts to bar their enlistment, over 1,000 Indigenous Australians fought for Australia in the First World War.
815:
Throughout the history of the continent, there have been many different Aboriginal groups, each with its own individual
25349:
25269:
25030:
24894:
23017:
22677:
21808:
21788:
21612:
21163:
20048:
19159:
18786:
18729:
18516:
16738:
16650:
15468:
14568:
14378:
14164:
7048:
6899:
6763:
6218:
6064:
4840:
There was no written form of the many languages spoken by Indigenous peoples before colonisation. A letter to Governor
3777:
2997:
1330:
1249:
20925:
16122:
13871:
Bird, M.I.; Turney, C.S.M.; Fifield, L.K.; Jones, R.; Ayliffe, L.K.; Palmer, A.; Cresswell, R.; Robertson, S. (2002).
4279:
4190:
2050:
1026:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also sometimes refer to themselves by descriptions which relate to their
25416:
25249:
25219:
24814:
23673:
23537:
22219:
22120:
22020:
21940:
21874:
21516:
19779:
6604:
5695:
5368:
traditional football games being played. Perhaps the most documented is a game popularly played by tribes in western
3633:
3049:
2931:
2805:
2599:
2323:
1912:
and some other islands in Torres Strait within 60 miles (97 km) of the Queensland coast, and in 1879 Queensland
1815:
1165:
Some evidence from the analysis of charcoal and artefacts revealing human use suggests a date as early as 65,000 BP.
1067:
722:
occurred in the generations after colonisation. The word "community" is often used to describe groups identifying by
713:
18644:
18439:
17597:
15532:
Journeys into the rainforest: Archaeology of culture change and continuity on the Evelyn Tableland, North Queensland
13830:
5432:, and many Aboriginal people, from children in remote communities to professional players at the highest level, the
5176:
language group, with the main version featuring subtitles and English narration by David Gulpilil. The film won the
25586:
25520:
25209:
25099:
25045:
24849:
24794:
24580:
24444:
23412:
23012:
22985:
22717:
21947:
21884:
21869:
20308:
19074:
Longitudinal research into petrol sniffing and other substance abuse trends in Indigenous communities: final report
17363:
16212:
15148:
13441:
13398:
13224:
12674:
6701:
6669:
6485:
6439:
6311:
6004:
5724:
land and water, "where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' land, water and cultural rights are realised"
5653:
4799:
4312:
3868:, there was another 18.4% rise on the 2011 figure. 590,056 respondents identified themselves as Aboriginal, 32,345
3439:
was released 26 May 2017 by delegates to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Convention, held near
3145:
3129:
2989:
2702:
2245:
1497:
21142:
20972:
20045:"A statistical overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: Social Justice Report 2008"
19131:
13550:"Excluding Indigenous Australians from 'The People': A Reconsideration of Sections 25 and 127 of the Constitution"
13176:
6843:, who eventually adopted European dress and customs and travelled to England where he was reportedly presented to
5920:
Have a lower school attendance rate, with these rates at 82% and 93% respectively (in remote areas, as low as 63%)
2179:
On Australia Day in 1972, 34 years after the first "Day of Protest and Mourning", Indigenous activists set up the
1259:
845:
approximately 40,000 years ago via a land bridge between the island and the rest of mainland Australia during the
25368:
25277:
24929:
24779:
24723:
24644:
24302:
24111:
22932:
22388:
22187:
22177:
22113:
21854:
21828:
21583:
21564:
19626:
19495:
19163:
17326:
17203:
16851:
15630:
15549:
15369:
15349:
14718:
14421:
13623:
12909:
12842:
12822:
12802:
12778:
12742:
12718:
12654:
12586:
12570:
12566:
12534:
12482:
12470:
12458:
7429:
6795:
6467:
5566:
4786:
4542:
4053:
3836:
3171:
became the world number-one ranked tennis player in 1971 and won 14 Grand Slam titles during her career. In 1973
3086:
2938:
and artists became increasingly prominent in Australian cultural life during the second half of the 20th century.
2846:
2770:
1552:
816:
516:
398:
230:
21620:
20635:. Northern Territory Government. Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse.
20486:
18725:
18299:
14623:
13600:
13472:
6260:
that Indigenous Australians were counted in the population for the purposes of distribution of electoral seats.
5872:
has been a problem, but the rate of pregnant women drinking had halved between 2008 and 2015 (from 20% to 10%).
4966:
project provides a comprehensive listing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Writers and Storytellers. The
25729:
25699:
25689:
25596:
25580:
25525:
24997:
23845:
23802:
23683:
23074:
22733:
22474:
22373:
22093:
22071:
21977:
21783:
21743:
18874:
18017:
13240:
9001:
7712:
6578:
6549:
6235:
6168:
6111:
5737:
5581:
4141:
3848:
3824:
3800:
3607:
3435:
3117:
2742:
2667:
2662:
2609:
2464:
2184:
727:
540:
25334:
18369:
16878:
16493:"'Willing to fight to a man': The First World War and Aboriginal activism in the Western District of Victoria"
13653:
13134:
12839:"4714.0 – National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2014–15: Labour Force Characteristics"
5978:
Compared to the national average, Indigenous people experience high unemployment and poverty rates. As of the
5331:
4626:
Since the 1970s, Indigenous artists have employed the use of acrylic paints – with styles such as that of the
25719:
25307:
25025:
24942:
24889:
24839:
24771:
24590:
23953:
23701:
23643:
23628:
23600:
23557:
22624:
22541:
22417:
22266:
22259:
22130:
22076:
21879:
21859:
21217:
20587:
20310:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
19432:"Research into petrol sniffing and other substance trends use trends in Indigenous communities: final report"
19396:"Report of the Expert Panel on recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution"
17729:
Madley, B. (2012). "From Terror to Genocide: Britain's Tasmanian Penal Colony and Australia's History Wars".
12478:
6934:
6743:
6707:
6331:
6042:
5674:
The Indigenous population of Australia is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, with an estimated
4721:
4665:
4661:
4634:
4500:
4457:
4426:
4396:
4376:
4256:
4049:
3020:
2732:
2727:
2712:
2687:
2313:
1905:
1334:
723:
402:
219:
22909:
21295:
21160:"Failure to close the gap in healthcare puts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at increased risk"
20873:
19571:"Closing the gap: Competing estimates of Indigenous Australian life expectancy in the scientific literature"
19139:
18515:(Report). Publications Number: 11814. Australian Government. Department of Health. June 2017. Archived from
13260:
6338:
became the second Indigenous person, and the first woman, to serve in the federal House of Representatives.
3426:), and new provisions on meaningful recognition and further protection from discrimination. Subsequently, a
819:, culture, and belief structure. At the time of British settlement, there were over 200 distinct languages.
25674:
25085:
24550:
24535:
24507:
24464:
23948:
23567:
23120:
22609:
22403:
22140:
22103:
21982:
21972:
21844:
21522:
20611:
19383:
19314:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel"
18451:
18416:
17014:
16472:
13722:
13698:
13046:
12651:"3302.0.55.003 – Experimental Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2005–2007"
11634:"The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 and the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977: Aspects and Proposals for Change"
7033:
6474:
5875:
5488:
4267:
3655:
he could no longer visit his relatives as he was not an Aborigine. He was later told he could not join the
3362:
3005:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2677:
176:
19072:
d'Abbs, Peter; Gillick, Vicki; Hodson, Sally; Kavanagh, Maggie; Payne, Steve; Ray, Tristan (1 July 2019).
18689:
15518:
4372:
1967:
Some Europeans, for example escaped convicts, lived in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
25562:
25401:
25292:
25137:
25075:
25060:
24947:
24832:
24819:
24626:
24474:
24394:
23903:
23732:
23663:
23623:
23487:
23084:
23059:
22710:
22378:
22336:
22331:
22278:
22025:
21992:
21920:
21044:
19418:
Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel
18265:
17530:
13912:
13050:
13036:
6891:
6222:
6173:
5342:
5219:
Many Indigenous actors, directors, producers and others have been involved in the production of film and
5006:
4627:
3245:
3161:
2891:
2886:
issues. Dhakiyarr disappeared upon release. In 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the British
2737:
2672:
2519:
2024:
1866:
1862:
1740:
1567:, from as few as 5 or 6 to as many as 30 or 40. Each nation had its own language, and a few had several.
973:
Indigenous status of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population
657:, the Blak & Bright literary festival in Melbourne, Blak Dot Gallery, Blak Markets and Blak Cabaret.
465:
355:
23064:
21073:
19828:
19742:
18810:"Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter"
17586:"Cooktown's Indigenous people help commemorate 250 years since Captain Cook's landing with re-enactment"
15001:"Almost all living people outside of Africa trace back to a single migration more than 50,000 years ago"
12819:"4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006, Religion"
6782:
passed a bill to advance the process of establishing a treaty with Aboriginal Victorians. The Victorian
6620:, and comprises a total of 20 leaders and experts from across the country. The other members are Father
5640:, as parents were unable to communicate their knowledge to their children, and thus much has been lost.
3308:, on behalf of the federal government of Australia, for the suffering caused by the Stolen Generations.
1469:
was able to draw an Aboriginal grain belt, detailing the specific areas where crops were once produced.
25750:
25384:
25020:
24972:
24827:
24618:
24570:
24530:
24176:
23658:
23638:
23220:
22444:
22348:
22202:
22157:
22061:
21181:
20506:
19952:
19771:
18888:
18022:
16897:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 7 October 2015. Archived from
16109:
15691:
14220:
14202:
14190:
14184:
7073:
6783:
6374:
6319:
6051:
5433:
4954:
has written several non-fiction works on what it means to be Aboriginal in contemporary Australia, and
4755:
Indigenous musicians have been prominent in various contemporary styles of music, including creating a
4453:
4379:
brought to Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century to help explore and open up the interior.
4155:
4086:, suggest that the Pama–Nyungan group – and indeed the entire Australian linguistic area – is rather a
4071:
3819:
A "Commonwealth working definition" for Indigenous Australians was developed from 1968 and endorsed by
3682:
3353:
3137:
3109:
2763:
2751:
1982:
1874:
1473:
1182:
1131:
The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in Australia (and outside of Africa) are those of
1081:
780:
used in parts of Queensland and northern New South Wales where specific collective names are not used;
457:
351:
22945:
21012:
19948:"FactCheck Q&A: are Indigenous women 34–80 times more likely than average to experience violence?"
19520:
Rogers, Thomas James; Bain, Stephen (3 February 2016). "Genocide and frontier violence in Australia".
18336:
17413:"A working model of the deep relationships of diverse modern human genetic lineages outside of Africa"
16968:"Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea"
16217:
15929:
15709:
Fogarty, John; Dwyer, Jacinta (2012). "The First Aboriginal Land Rights Case". In Sykes, Helen (ed.).
14888:"Indigenous Australians make up almost 30% of hospitalisations due to domestic violence, report finds"
14226:
14214:
14208:
14196:
4307:
have had a significant impact on Indigenous Australians, their religion and their culture. As in many
25540:
25535:
25344:
25239:
24952:
24622:
24565:
24116:
24045:
23963:
23792:
23419:
23348:
22761:
22564:
22521:
22469:
22368:
22214:
22182:
22098:
22088:
22056:
21736:
20754:
20288:
19387:
19317:
18782:
17979:
17956:
17575:
17032:"Indigenous Australian population figures jumped in latest Census as pride increases and fears abate"
16272:
16089:
15102:
13855:
7083:
6723:
6693:
6393:
6353:– the first Indigenous Australian to become head of government in a state or territory of Australia.
6249:
5910:
5837:
Many Indigenous communities suffer from a range of health, social and legal problems associated with
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5429:
5293:
5277:
5213:
5181:
5151:
4516:
4510:
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3796:
3401:
and other groups, including on the basis that it maintains "racially-discriminatory" elements of the
3094:
3045:
2717:
2621:
2449:
1990:
1974:, who proved very adept at navigating their way through the Australian landscape and finding people.
1870:
1843:
1213:
949:
Geographical distribution of people with both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status
915:
370:
254:
239:
23200:
21255:
Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History
20807:
20348:
19416:
18538:. Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
17406:. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Division of International Law. p. 79.
17103:
Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History
16230:
16173:"Women's Safety Minister agrees to develop separate plan to halt violence in Indigenous communities"
14754:
14588:
14457:
13236:
12799:"4704.0 – the Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008"
7174:, p. 220 denies Truganini was the last "full-blood", and makes a case for Suke (d. circa 1888).
7158:
For discussion of the Truganini claim, and the other candidates, Suke and Fanny Cochrane Smith, see
5934:
at a lower rate, with improvement from 59% to 74% between 2006 and 2016, with the gap at 24% in 2016
5678:
of 21 years (37 years for non-Indigenous), due to higher rates of birth and death. For this reason,
2494:
1408:, hunting and foraging for food from the land. Although Aboriginal society was generally mobile, or
25714:
25684:
25455:
25374:
25080:
24065:
23547:
23444:
23363:
23273:
22940:
22479:
22464:
22311:
22147:
22108:
21935:
18535:
18356:
18319:
16195:
15442:"I cannot say the numbers that were killed": assessing violent mortality on the Queensland frontier
14784:
6950:
6596:
6099:
6049:
into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, which produced a report known as the
5883:
5468:
5306:
3827:
and community recognition in contrast to the earlier preponderance of Aboriginal blood definition.
3286:
3156:
became the second Indigenous Australian, and the first Indigenous Australian woman, elected to the
2969:
2927:
2454:
2308:
2139:
2072:
2020:
919:
692:
512:
In recent years, "First Nations", "First Peoples" and "First Australians" have become more common.
427:
359:
20122:
19496:""Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland"
13549:
6373:, he was elected to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in October 1974 as the member for
6010:
34% of all women imprisoned in Australia. A 2017–2018 report into youth justice undertaken by the
4158:
of the Australian mainland. The other indigenous language spoken mainly in the eastern islands is
25669:
25489:
25426:
25421:
25259:
25204:
24703:
24454:
24357:
23958:
23762:
23407:
23160:
22629:
22504:
22484:
22459:
22439:
22192:
22162:
21987:
21864:
21793:
20458:
20397:
17639:"Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes"
15841:
15201:
14846:
14788:
14774:
13797:
13774:
13086:
6617:
6528:
6016:
5869:
5593:
5137:
4951:
4886:
4849:
3873:
3707:
3669:
3664:
3415:
3390:
3168:
3113:
3082:
2878:
2180:
2086:
1997:
1765:
1579:
Distribution of the pre-contact Aboriginal population between the current states and territories
1489:
1338:
1071:
873:
320:
260:
35:
22766:
21253:
Lukin Watson, Pamela (2004). "Passed Away?: The Fate of the Karuwali". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).
20627:
20111:
19811:
17101:
Kociumbas, Jan (2004). "Genocide and Modernity in Colonial Australia". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).
16933:
15137:"Who is Really Airbrushing the Past? Genocide, Slavery and the Return of the Colonial Repressed"
14841:
14284:
13393:
in association with the Federation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages (FATSIL).
12506:
6322:
won the Western Australian seat of Hasluck, becoming the first Indigenous person elected to the
1900:, as Government Resident in the Torres Straits. He originally established a small settlement on
25614:
25433:
25122:
24683:
24610:
24387:
24013:
23968:
23725:
23517:
23480:
23109:
23032:
22904:
22536:
22489:
22454:
22434:
22398:
22236:
22207:
22197:
22172:
22135:
22066:
21903:
21798:
19302:
18790:
18556:
18438:(Report). MCA Education. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Museum of Contemporary Art Ltd. Archived from
18177:
17570:
16863:"Historic all-Aboriginal senate ticket to propel 'climate justice', 'heal our land, our water'"
15965:
15329:
14797:"Community, identity, wellbeing: The report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey"
13114:
12862:
7028:
6779:
6621:
6609:
6561:
calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" (
6501:
6327:
5668:
5453:
5268:
5256:
5106:, also starring Gulpilil and featuring elements of Aboriginal beliefs and culture, won several
5037:
4890:
4779:
4546:
4171:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3574:
3561:
3153:
2961:
2797:
2529:
2250:
1432:
1369:
1209:
1075:
705:
615:" and "Blak History Month"). The term was coined in 1991 by photographer and multimedia artist
555:
497:
461:
377:
traditions, and affected the environment of the continent in a number of ways through hunting,
312:
66:
31:
17973:
17952:"Astounding archaeology discovery places inland human occupation of Australia at 49,000 years"
16377:
15999:
14395:
7609:
Bradshaw, Corey; Williams, Alan; Saltré, Frédérick; Norman, Kasih; Ulm, Sean (29 April 2021).
5513:, inspired by Goolagong, also reached number-one and won three major singles titles. Sprinter
2011:
Graph showing the destination of Indigenous wages in Queensland in the 19th and 20th centuries
1192:
25591:
25461:
25396:
25142:
24992:
24708:
24698:
24424:
24352:
24146:
23827:
23748:
23532:
23333:
23180:
23104:
23099:
22978:
22818:
22599:
22531:
22429:
22383:
22246:
22152:
22039:
21925:
21597:
20889:
20407:"Understanding change in counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Census"
19143:
18863:
17759:
17323:"Languages of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples – a Uniquely Australian Heritage"
17085:
16252:"Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders"
15462:"Face the Facts: Questions and Answers about Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Peoples"
14238:
14168:
14013:
6346:
5758:
5360:
5287:
4950:, 2009) are as of 2020 active contemporary contributors to Australian literature. Journalist
4876:
4853:
4638:
4324:
4147:
4125:
4093:
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3629:
3398:
3225:
in Western Australia and brought in to a settlement. They are believed to have been the last
3078:
3035:
3001:
2801:
2260:
1277:
904:
882:
838:
826:
797:
773:
686:
316:
223:
30:
This article is about the two ethnically distinct groups of indigenous peoples of Australia:
23240:
22801:
19716:
18643:
Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation (2013).
17553:
16914:
16758:
15799:
15570:
14908:
14022:
10196:
6988:
became the first Indigenous surgeon in 2006 and is an advocate of Indigenous health issues.
5275:, among others, with many of them well-represented in award nominations and wins. The films
4404:
was welcomed and the new religion was integrated into every aspect of their everyday lives.
3612:
Over time Australia has used various means to determine membership of ethnic groups such as
1496:
tools available included knives with ground edges, grinding devices, and eating containers.
25117:
24439:
24342:
24218:
24156:
24136:
24121:
24018:
23898:
23678:
23582:
23503:
22663:
22634:
22556:
22393:
22363:
22299:
22254:
21967:
21962:
21930:
21915:
21771:
21432:
21327:
21048:
20389:
19843:
19244:
19184:
18838:
17902:
17851:
17792:
17653:
17472:
17128:
17035:
16563:
16255:
16176:
15886:
15633:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 11 September 2015.
15365:
15034:"Australia Day, Invasion Day, Survival Day: a long history of celebration and contestation"
14780:
14494:
14107:
13884:
13289:
13278:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins"
12971:
12619:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016"
7611:"The First Australians grew to a population of millions, much more than previous estimates"
7608:
7424:
7114:
7019:
6592:
6300:
5947:
5272:
5065:
4909:
4756:
4534:
4179:
3820:
3335:
ATSIC was abolished by the Australian Government in 2004 amidst allegations of corruption.
3317:
3196:
2965:
2826:
1978:
1917:
1831:
1357:
1353:
1314:
1159:
858:
769:
562:. The book included interviews with several members of the Aboriginal community, including
235:
20547:
19285:
The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969
17621:
17490:"Dedicated Indigenous representation in the Australian Parliament, Research Paper 2008–09"
16426:
13339:"Unravelling the Genetic History of Negritos and Indigenous Populations of Southeast Asia"
12408:
11470:
3405:
and continues control by the federal government over "Aboriginal people and their lands".
3347:(also known as the Intervention) was launched in 2007 by the government of Prime Minister
8:
24967:
24874:
24636:
24585:
24489:
24410:
23998:
23817:
23807:
23713:
23653:
23577:
23114:
23007:
22584:
22526:
22358:
22321:
22051:
21481:
21028:
20959:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: Constitutional recognition campaign"
20528:"South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'"
19829:"The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification"
18904:
18049:"Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry"
15610:
13533:
12933:
11402:
11400:
11398:
11396:
11394:
7068:
6735:
6715:
6681:
6354:
6163:
6107:
5774:
5625:
5506:
5459:
5369:
5347:
5030:
4996:
4848:
in 1796 is the first known work written in English by an Aboriginal person. The historic
4601:
4495:
4163:
4079:
3637:
3226:
2809:
2646:
2636:
2255:
1572:
1509:
1166:
1144:
1121:
1113:
846:
567:
21543:
The representation of minorities and indigenous peoples in parliament: A global overview
21436:
21331:
21235:
Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: The rise of the West and the coming of genocide
19847:
19333:
19248:
19231:
Rasmussen, M.; Guo, X.; Wang, Y.; Lohmueller, K. E.; Rasmussen, S.; et al. (2011).
19212:
18842:
17906:
17855:
17796:
17657:
16567:
16394:
14498:
14418:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016"
14263:
14152:
14111:
13888:
13293:
8675:
5793:
Infant mortality (ages 0–4) was twice as high as for non-Indigenous children in 2014–6.
5212:(aired 2019), featuring Fa'aoso and Bani, tells the story of Torres Strait Islands from
4328:
4255:, dances and ceremonies, and even today provides a framework for ongoing relationships,
3112:, becoming the first Indigenous Australian in the Federal Parliament. A year later, the
2030:
During this time, many Aboriginal people were victims of slavery by colonists alongside
1800:
1760:
mapped the east coast of Australia and claimed the territory for Britain in the name of
397:
peoples. At the time of European colonisation, it is estimated that there were over 250
25645:
25567:
25477:
25406:
25391:
25214:
25127:
25090:
24560:
24484:
24171:
24161:
24095:
24050:
23993:
23850:
23772:
23572:
23562:
23552:
23542:
23094:
23049:
22899:
22686:
22644:
22619:
22604:
22594:
22589:
22579:
22546:
22449:
22353:
21957:
21952:
21542:
21472:
21455:
21402:
21356:
21315:
20962:
20899:(Report). Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support. p. 12. Archived from
20724:
20384:
20248:
Thomson, Neil (2001). "Indigenous Australia: Indigenous Health". In Jupp, James (ed.).
20201:
20156:
20103:
19867:
19737:
19595:
19570:
19537:
19458:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies. Archived from
19265:
19232:
19044:
18941:
18794:
18631:
18497:
18240:
18073:
18048:
18027:
17925:
17890:
17872:
17839:
17826:
17746:
17702:
17677:
17447:
17412:
16586:
16551:
16516:
16497:
15784:
15752:
15385:
15257:
15058:
14945:
14755:"Colonial frontier massacres in Central and Eastern Australia, 1788–1930: Introduction"
14528:
14131:
13986:
13577:
13365:
13338:
13155:
12942:
12697:. Australian Government, Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination. 2006. Archived from
11768:
7119:
6978:
6966:
6946:
6945:
in 1976, and many others have become famous through political activism – for instance,
6754:
6633:
6516:
6420:
6296:
6095:
6056:
6023:
5879:
5826:
5616:
5589:
5522:
4971:
4917:
4868:
4538:
4352:
4070:
Linguists classify many of the mainland Australian languages into one large group, the
3625:
3621:
3617:
3329:
3267:
3263:
3056:
drafted the Aboriginal Land Rights Bill. This was enacted the following year under the
2981:
2906:
2791:
2594:
2579:
2016:
1971:
1882:
1850:
1808:
1773:
shields and was taken back to England by Cook, where it remains in the British Museum.
1423:
1390:
1241:
1109:
757:
734:
502:
440:
378:
366:
215:
124:
24131:
19855:
19181:"Research Note no. 5 2003–2004. ATSIC Review: Complex Challenges, No Simple Solutions"
18867:
18283:
17287:
16992:
16967:
16898:
16552:"Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis"
13896:
13102:
12968:"Aboriginal culture celebrated at 2015 Saltwater Freshwater Festival in Coffs Harbour"
11391:
8699:
6431:
from 2013 to 2016, was the first Indigenous head of government in Australia. In 1974,
6380:
A number of Indigenous people represent electorates at state and territory level, and
6059:, that children in remote Aboriginal communities in NT were suffering from widespread
4251:. Knowledge contained in the Dreaming has been passed down through different stories,
2220:
389:
and spear were constructed of natural materials, as were musical instruments like the
25229:
25199:
25152:
24987:
24784:
24606:
24479:
24469:
24459:
24449:
24297:
23983:
23648:
23605:
23527:
23461:
23439:
23427:
23343:
23313:
23027:
22967:
22574:
22316:
21549:
21512:
21490:
21460:
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21343:
21258:
21239:
20950:
20900:
20839:
20829:
20795:
20728:
20664:
20636:
20553:
20321:
20253:
20225:
20206:
20188:
20107:
20062:
20028:
20009:
19932:
19889:
19859:
19827:
Smith, C. I.; Chamberlain, A. T.; Riley, M. S.; Stringer, C.; Collins, M. J. (2003).
19681:
19622:
19600:
19541:
19506:
19480:
19292:
19270:
19089:
A report for the National Indigenous Australians Agency, Health and Wellbeing Branch.
19027:
19017:
18998:
18979:
18945:
18654:
18489:
18244:
18232:
18215:
18115:
18078:
18035:
18002:
17983:
17930:
17877:
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17750:
17669:
17534:
17452:
17434:
17388:
17275:
17106:
16997:
16847:
16591:
16155:
16085:
16003:
15992:
15973:
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15907:
15869:
15859:
15742:
15719:
15695:
15576:
15535:
15494:
15425:
15406:
15311:
15261:
15221:
15171:
14937:
14872:
14613:
14532:
14520:
14403:
14361:
14324:
14248:
14123:
14081:
14060:
13932:
13872:
13581:
13569:
13496:
13394:
13370:
13325:
13320:
13307:
13277:
12949:
12602:
8759:
6767:
6629:
6478:
6463:
6423:
has an exceptionally high Indigenous proportion (about one third) of its population.
6264:
6076:
5766:
5577:
5377:
5359:
engaged in recreational activities, including a type of Aboriginal football from the
5208:
5177:
5119:
4938:
4569:
4365:
4348:
4285:
similar to the Aboriginal peoples' Dreaming and "Everywhen" concepts, passed down in
3857:
3831:
3641:
3613:
3275:
3105:
3067:
3057:
2985:
2883:
2857:
2813:
2484:
2402:
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1839:
1575:
and westward including certain sections of Northern Territory and Western Australia.
1537:
1440:
1346:
1342:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1284:
4–5,000 years ago. The research also suggests a divergence from the Papuan people of
1237:
1136:
1055:
809:
675:
563:
111:
22957:
21548:(Report). Geneva: Inter-parliamentary Union – United Nations Development Programme.
21057:"Summary Commentary: Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"
20992:
20977:
Dead Reckoning: How to find your way in the genealogical jungle of Western Australia
20853:"FULL LIST: Record number of Indigenous MPs voted in to serve the Australian people"
20157:"Human Genetic Research in Wallacea and Sahul: Recent Findings and Future Prospects"
19696:
19064:
18850:
18746:
18389:
18110:
18093:
17681:
17290:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 3 June 2015
16826:
16678:
16605:"Population Distribution, Migration and Climate Change in Australia: An Exploration"
14949:
14437:
12758:
12354:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10102:
9934:
7790:
7754:
5923:
Have lower literacy and numeracy, although rates had improved significantly on some
5113:
The canon of films related to Indigenous Australians increased from the 1990s, with
4716:
The various Aboriginal peoples developed unique musical instruments and styles. The
4684:
2358:
1208:
Genetic studies have revealed that Aboriginal Australians largely descended from an
1120:
Several settlements of humans in Australia have been dated around 49,000 years ago.
24937:
24899:
24555:
24512:
24434:
24347:
24247:
24166:
24090:
24075:
23278:
23079:
23022:
22999:
22962:
22691:
22125:
21450:
21440:
21415:
21394:
21351:
21335:
20785:
20716:
20650:
William, Alan (24 April 2013). "A new population curve for prehistoric Australia".
20513:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 October 2019a
20493:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 8 November 2019b
20196:
20178:
20168:
20095:
19993:
19871:
19851:
19762:
19677:
19590:
19582:
19529:
19260:
19252:
18962:
18933:
18860:"The Roman Catholic Church and Indigenous Land Rights in Australia and New Zealand"
18846:
18501:
18481:
18224:
18105:
18068:
18060:
17920:
17910:
17867:
17859:
17830:
17808:
17800:
17738:
17698:
17661:
17442:
17424:
16987:
16979:
16581:
16571:
16506:
16415:"Aboriginal truth and white media: Eric Michaels meets the spirit of Aboriginalism"
16357:
16013:
15815:
J. W. H. Trueman. "Does the Lake Mungo 3 mtDNA evicence stand up to analysis?". In
15788:
15780:
15449:
15249:
15054:
14929:
14510:
14502:
14351:
14305:
14244:
14135:
14115:
14098:
13908:
13892:
13674:
13561:
13360:
13350:
13315:
13297:
13019:
12959:
12944:
Aboriginal Australia & the Torres Strait Islands: Guide to Indigenous Australia
12438:
11460:
11458:
11456:
11454:
9467:
8264:
7005:
6938:
6863:
6554:
6540:
6401:
6385:
6046:
6031:
5970:
was established as a training centre by the state and federal governments in 1997.
5938:
5649:
5498:
5244:
5232:
5203:
5191:
5070:
4649:
4645:
4620:
4565:
4320:
4304:
4167:
4129:
3813:
3765:
Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011
3448:
which brought about changes to the Constitution to include Indigenous Australians.
3125:
3100:
Indigenous Australians began to serve in parliaments from the late 1960s. In 1971,
2977:
2947:
2923:
2641:
2569:
2397:
2275:
2235:
2031:
1904:, but on 1 August 1864 he went to Somerset Island. English missionaries arrived on
1776:
Cook spent a greater period of time among the Guugu Yimithirr people around modern
1551:
There is evidence that some Aboriginal populations in northern Australia regularly
1020:
893:
602:
589:
A significant number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people use the term "
328:
211:
137:
23185:
23037:
22894:
21382:
20250:
The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their Origins
19911:
19533:
17263:
15193:
15119:
14933:
14915:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 1966.
14320:
Invisible Invaders: Smallpox and Other Diseases in Aboriginal Australia, 1780–1880
10251:
8687:
6121:"to boost frontline services in the Northern Territory... and to work towards our
2796:
The term Stolen Generations refers to those children of Australian Aboriginal and
2093:
25317:
24317:
24228:
24085:
24070:
23402:
23368:
23338:
23205:
22972:
22796:
22756:
21700:
21567:(Report). CRC funded reports. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from
20750:"Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia"
20581:(1). The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies NSW: 7.
20462:
20219:
19425:
19213:"Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online"
17380:
16918:
16044:
15683:
15289:. Australian Government: Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from
15165:
14959:"'We are taking this place back': Treaty assembly sits in Victoria's Upper House"
14075:
13990:
13518:
12759:"4512.0 – Corrective Services, Australia, September Quarter 2019: Key Statistics"
10099:
7730:
6942:
6875:
6844:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6771:
6566:
6409:
6381:
6334:
and in 2011 considered a challenge for the Labor Party leadership in that state.
6122:
5991:
5906:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5838:
5770:
5687:
5657:
5645:
5610:
5441:
5425:
5282:
5264:
5240:
5089:
5061:
4913:
4881:
4340:
4236:
4159:
3367:
3218:
2861:
2842:
2240:
2204:
2098:
2044:
1928:
One immediate consequence was a series of epidemics of European diseases such as
1909:
1761:
1753:
1405:
937:
Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status
864:
The 2016 census reported 23,572 Indigenous Australians in the state of Tasmania.
805:
761:
753:
583:
520:
150:
85:
24272:
22702:
20773:
20567:
19100:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 July 2019c
18228:
17637:
MacAulay, V.; Hill, C.; Achilli, A.; Rengo, C.; Clarke, D.; et al. (2005).
17614:"Mabo v Queensland (No 2) ('Mabo case') [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1"
16757:. Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. Archived from
15081:
12695:"4. Administration: Coordination and engagement at regional and national levels"
11451:
9650:
9503:
9184:
8600:
8399:
8377:
8375:
8348:
8336:
8204:
6388:. The first Indigenous Australian to serve as a minister in any government was
6210:
for representation of the original occupants of Australia in federal Parliament.
5322:
and others, and featuring many Indigenous actors, began to air in January 2020.
4488:
4400:
beliefs; their culture informed their understanding of the new religion, as the
3816:. In the 1966 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal.
482:
25572:
25467:
25339:
25244:
24332:
24252:
24080:
24055:
24040:
24008:
23373:
23210:
23165:
23069:
22889:
22569:
21339:
20720:
20552:, Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit, pp. 7–9,
20304:
18650:
18094:"Making the Rainforest Aboriginal: Tindale and Birdsell's foray into deep time"
18064:
17840:"The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations"
16627:"'I am the first!' Linda Burney proclaims history for Indigenous people, women"
16281:
15688:
Archaeology of the Dreamtime: The Story of prehistoric Australia and its people
15068:"Australian dig finds evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago"
14234:
12369:
12106:
11968:
11562:
11560:
9401:
8663:
7276:
people military allotments and pensions, but judged each case on its "merits" (
6970:
6910:
6887:
6867:
6750:
6613:
6584:
6508:
withdrew this support just before the election, earning a rebuke from activist
6396:
was the first Aboriginal woman elected to a State parliament in Australia (the
6268:
6207:
6134:
5679:
5629:
5534:
5510:
5492:
5479:, making it the first Australian sports team to travel overseas. Cricketer and
5449:
5236:
5228:
5199:
5075:
4933:
4841:
4596:
Several styles of Aboriginal art have developed in modern times, including the
4585:. These designs generally carry significance linked to the spirituality of the
4227:
4151:
4083:
3782:
3379:
3256:
3204:
3172:
3101:
2935:
2834:
2534:
2372:
2303:
1949:
1789:
1769:
live in a Tranquillity which is not disturb'd by the Inequality of Condition".
1724:
1466:
653:
616:
24023:
23134:
19459:
19361:"Recommended Guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Terminology"
19192:
19031:
18551:
17838:
Mallick, Swapan; Li, Heng; Lipson, Mark; Mathieson, Iain (21 September 2016).
15756:
15510:
15253:
14338:
Carey, Stephen P.; Sherwood, John E.; Price, David M.; Bowler, Jim M. (2018).
13642:
13208:
13150:
8711:
8360:
6569:
word "describing a process of conflict resolution, peacemaking and justice").
5190:, a 2012 drama series for TV based on an idea by Torres Strait Islander actor
5173:
4670:
822:
311:. They consist of two distinct groups, which includes many ethnic groups: the
25764:
25282:
25194:
24859:
24799:
24262:
24030:
23978:
23973:
22781:
21347:
20843:
20799:
20364:
20192:
19503:
Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives
19233:"An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia"
18363:. Vol. 12. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
18236:
18119:
18039:
18031:
17438:
17279:
16844:
Point of order!: The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory 1974–1994
15921:
15873:
15290:
15271:"Victorian Aboriginal voters have elected a treaty assembly. So what's next?"
14650:
14365:
13573:
13311:
13043:"Aboriginal or not: More Australians than ever are identifying as Indigenous"
9973:
8372:
8085:
8083:
8081:
6926:
6914:
6895:
6883:
6804:
6786:
was elected in November 2019 and sat for the first time on 10 December 2019.
6533:
6357:, also of the CLP, was the first Indigenous person elected to any Australian
6280:
6272:
6214:
5958:
communities do not perform or attend as well as students in urban areas. The
5842:
5801:
5778:
5754:
5652:), lower levels of education and employment, inter-generational trauma, high
5542:
5514:
5437:
5401:
5301:
5252:
5146:
5102:
5085:
5057:
4901:
4860:
4815:
4764:
4609:
4582:
4522:
4401:
4199:
4092:, or group of languages having very long and intimate contact, rather than a
3394:
3375:
3294:
3222:
3192:
3188:
3053:
3040:
2830:
2589:
2265:
2164:
2156:
2055:
2039:
1901:
1854:
1481:
1273:
1263:
PCA of Orang Asli (Semang) and Andamanese, with worldwide populations in HGDP
1199:
897:
611:
is sometimes used as part of a wider social movement (seen in terms such as "
452:
339:
21445:
21198:
20790:
19637:
19586:
19256:
19160:"Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"
17915:
17665:
17429:
16576:
16435:
15486:
Family violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, Summary
14682:
14666:
14612:. Commonwealth of Australia. Dept. of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2019.
14540:
13804:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
11744:
11557:
11485:
9689:
9455:
8968:
8851:
8639:
5663:
Some demographic facts are related to these issues, as cause and/or result:
4593:. Such ochres were also used to paint their bodies for ceremonial purposes.
2081:
861:(d. 1905) as the last surviving "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal person.
25472:
25379:
25329:
25234:
25109:
24809:
24287:
23328:
23323:
23235:
22884:
22813:
22771:
22748:
21464:
21365:
20929:
20337:"Victorian Greens reveal all-Indigenous senate ticket for Federal election"
20241:"Two Queensland mountains to be renamed to rid them of racist connotations"
20210:
20099:
19863:
19669:
19604:
19274:
18966:
18493:
18465:"Rottnest's Aboriginal prisoners are Australia's forgotten patriots: elder"
18407:"Why 'Blak' not Black?: Artist Destiny Deacon and the origins of this word"
18372:. European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights (ENIAR). Archived from
18082:
17934:
17881:
17822:
17673:
17456:
17001:
16595:
16511:
16492:
15072:
14941:
14892:
14524:
14127:
14002:"Australia in 142 Photographic Illustrations after a Decade of Experiences"
13900:
13779:
13421:
13374:
13329:
12437:. Department of Social Services Ministers. 28 February 2022. Archived from
8629:
8627:
6962:
6958:
6930:
6684:. The first meeting of the group was held in Canberra on 13 November 2019.
6661:
6649:
6544:
6509:
6389:
6335:
6103:
6060:
5762:
5637:
5633:
5558:
5546:
5538:
5495:, the team's star player, was regarded as one of the era's finest batsmen.
5417:
5405:
5400:, it was a type of kick and catch football game played with a ball made of
5385:
5260:
5248:
5169:
5132:
5107:
4955:
4943:
4831:
4678:
4605:
4478:
4388:
4344:
4286:
4223:
4109:
3651:
3595:
3428:
proposed referendum on Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians
3211:
3149:
2459:
2111:
2035:
1941:
1937:
1908:
on 1 July 1871. In 1872 the boundary of Queensland was extended to include
1886:
1858:
1436:
1428:
1413:
785:
777:
748:
The naming of peoples is complex and multi-layered, but a few examples are
574:
410:
374:
20365:"The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online"
20173:
18624:
Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice
17891:"Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia"
15483:
14722:
14456:
14309:
14037:"Indigenous performing arts is a testament to collective drive and vision"
13302:
11774:
8078:
7708:
7504:
7502:
7232:
Appendices listing and interpretation of state acts regarding "Aborigines"
4447:
1158:
seem to have lived a long time in the same environment as the now extinct
1147:
believes that present-day local Aboriginal peoples are descended from the
1135:; they have been dated at 42,000 years old. The initial comparison of the
25189:
24864:
24367:
24307:
24282:
23988:
23432:
23283:
22808:
22639:
22499:
21413:
21091:"Aboriginal victimisation and offending: the picture from police records"
20926:"Aboriginal Australia – Referendums and Recognition: The 1967 Referendum"
20481:(Report). Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum – via Academia.edu.
20127:
18622:
Newton, Janice (1990). "Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music".
17889:
Manfred, K; Mark, S; Irina, P; Frederick, D; Ellen, G (14 January 2013).
16773:
16226:
15453:
15082:"Dead Heart (1996) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online"
13461:
13355:
11406:
8552:
8144:
7514:
7104:
7088:
6974:
6879:
6871:
6645:
6520:
6489:
6366:
6199:
5891:
5865:
5621:
5562:
5554:
5526:
5445:
5389:
5356:
5315:
5311:
5194:, was partly filmed in the Torres Strait Islands and starred Fa'aoso and
5186:
5128:
5124:
5053:
5041:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4852:
of 1963 are the first traditional Aboriginal documents recognised by the
4725:
4710:
4706:
4597:
4589:. Paintings were usually created in earthy colours, from paint made from
4578:
4541:, but examples can also within protected parks in urban areas such as at
4474:
4308:
3898:
years earlier, 31% were living in major cities and 24% in remote areas.)
3809:
3457:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in Australia, 1971–2021
3358:
3348:
3290:
3016:
2993:
2887:
2172:
2007:
1953:
1897:
1826:, New South Wales, in 1788. Settlements were subsequently established in
1819:
1785:
1752:
British exploration of the Australian coastline began with the buccaneer
1712:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1461:
1293:
1269:
1225:
1221:
1170:
878:
781:
648:
579:
546:
414:
292:
189:
39:
23263:
22838:
21383:"On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind"
20774:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia"
20765:"Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging"
18635:
18534:
17863:
17813:
17804:
16520:
15638:
14506:
14119:
14024:
The Aboriginals and Half-Castes of Central Australia and North Australia
13810:
13721:. Australian Government Culture Portal. 21 December 2007. Archived from
13565:
13525:
11136:
10555:
9433:
9431:
9235:
8765:
8624:
7760:
6263:
As of January 2020, six Indigenous Australians have been elected to the
4299:
Christianity in Australia § Indigenous Australians and Christianity
3389:
In 2011, the Australian government enacted legislation to implement the
3085:
reversed Justice Blackburn's ruling and handed down its decision in the
2800:
descent who were forcibly removed from their families by the Australian
961:
Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander ancestry
25297:
25184:
25179:
24854:
24844:
24789:
24223:
23089:
22843:
21643:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
21506:
Communicating Positively: A guide to appropriate Aboriginal terminology
21406:
20183:
18903:
18485:
18373:
17596:
16955:"Historic Constitution vote over indigenous recognition facing hurdles"
16058:
14515:
13641:
Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a
13184:
10278:
10266:
9940:
9612:
8464:
8462:
8270:
7499:
6954:
6922:
6856:
6800:
6653:
6641:
6505:
6424:
6405:
6342:
6288:
6276:
5675:
5428:. Some historians claim that Marn Grook had a role in the formation of
5409:
5397:
5164:
5159:
5142:
5097:
5093:
4749:
4733:
4729:
4717:
4674:
4574:
4316:
4195:
4175:
4088:
3690:
3383:
3321:
3301:
3200:
2631:
2001:
1996:
Place names sometimes reveal discrimination, such as Mount Jim Crow in
1957:
1913:
1835:
1823:
1804:
1757:
1745:
1541:
1449:
1285:
1198:
Phylogenetic position of the Aboriginal Australian lineage among other
1148:
1125:
1051:
1027:
911:
889:
590:
551:
431:
390:
324:
98:
22828:
21709:"Map of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health/medical services"
21568:
20608:"First meeting held by senior body for Indigenous Voice to government"
18707:"Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle"
17999:
Living with the Locals: Early Europeans' Experience of Indigenous Life
17780:
17527:
Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia
17344:"Blak, Black, Blackfulla: Language is important, but it can be tricky"
16715:"Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people"
16530:"Murrumu Walubara Yidindji renounces citizenship to reclaim Australia"
15629:
9473:
8588:
8540:
5682:
is often used when comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous statistics.
5475:
A team of Aboriginal cricketers from the Western District of Victoria
4824:
4174:; however Kalaw Lagaw Ya appears to be undergoing a transition into a
2085:
New South Wales Mounted Police killing Aboriginal warriors during the
25653:
25443:
25174:
24337:
24198:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
24060:
23308:
23054:
22874:
21759:
21728:
21624:
20317:
18884:"Why guaranteed Indigenous seats in parliament could ease inequality"
18318:. Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal. Archived from
18149:"The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list"
17492:. Parliament of Australia, Politics and Public Administration Section
16297:
15987:
15738:
14001:
13620:"Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary"
13101:
11956:
11873:"Indigenous and Black Communities Find Common Cause for Land Justice"
11708:
10765:
10755:
10753:
9596:
9428:
7736:
7059:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
6918:
6840:
6600:
6459:
6315:
5809:
5550:
5487:
coached the team in an Aboriginal language he learnt as a child, and
5484:
5464:
5413:
5220:
5195:
4905:
4845:
4760:
4745:
4741:
4586:
4319:
in Adelaide, the work of missionaries laid the foundations for later
4263:
4232:
3180:
3133:
2988:
in protest against poor pay and conditions (later the subject of the
2574:
2514:
1986:
1513:
1493:
1485:
1298:
1132:
854:
850:
534:
435:
386:
332:
304:
21688:
21398:
20947:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: 1967 Resources"
19997:
19651:"Wiradjuri artist's painting depicts journey of healing at hospital"
19552:. Department of Health and Ageing. 10 February 2006b. Archived from
18724:
16456:"Ash Barty number one world ranking sends Queensland into overdrive"
15118:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 April 2011. Archived from
14683:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Wave Hill walk off, 1966–1967"
14587:. Indigenous Accountants Australia. 14 February 2018. Archived from
14356:
14339:
13946:
13811:"The British Invasion of Australia. Convicts: Exile and Dislocation"
13757:
12205:
12193:
11572:
10543:
10112:
9112:
8747:
8459:
8210:
6981:– have used their celebrity to draw attention to Indigenous issues.
6225:, to protest 150 years of callous treatment and the seizure of land.
3864:, there was a 20% rise in people who identify as Aboriginal. In the
2034:
peoples who were kidnapped from their homes, in a practice known as
1492:) with stone or fishbone tips, clubs, and (less commonly) axes. The
496:(origin, beginning). The term was used in Australia to describe its
24914:
24904:
24362:
24322:
24141:
23170:
23141:
23044:
22993:
22858:
22786:
21703:. Australasian Legal Information Institute (austlii). 20 July 2017.
20478:
20058:
Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2018
20055:
18937:
17742:
16983:
16136:"5 of the best Aboriginal experiences in Tropical North Queensland"
12522:
11533:
11464:
11367:
11076:
6933:
remain the only Indigenous Australians to have been elected to the
6848:
6493:
5854:
5829:, with this resulting in unstable parenting and family situations.
5518:
5421:
5404:
hide. According to some accounts, it was played as far away as the
5393:
5352:
5224:
4775:
4737:
4644:
Aboriginal art has influenced many non-Indigenous artists, such as
4637:
exhibits a great many Indigenous art works, including those of the
4557:
4550:
4332:
4252:
4244:
4105:
3121:
2474:
2168:
2123:
1945:
1933:
1827:
1777:
1571:
sections of New South Wales, and along the northern coast from the
1556:
1401:
1229:
842:
793:
419:
163:
22853:
20269:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984"
18575:"Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence"
18471:
16549:
15021:"Why the number of Indigenous deaths in the frontier wars matters"
14739:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984"
12859:"8 interesting facts about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders"
11004:
10750:
8705:
8681:
8612:
8276:
7668:
7666:
1893:
with which they had become acquainted in the northern hemisphere.
1329:
can be found in the majority of Europeans, Northern South Asians,
24327:
24292:
24242:
24233:
23358:
23293:
23195:
23128:
22823:
21656:
21371:
19879:
Smyth, Dermot; Monaghan, Jim; Smyth; Consultants, Bahrdt (2004).
19291:. Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government).
18536:"National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape"
16534:
12133:
11247:
11187:
11112:
10714:
9946:
9797:
6759:
6711:
6035:
5931:
5814:
5805:
5381:
5373:
4959:
4697:
4693:
4561:
3890:
3285:
but did not succeed. In 1999, the Australian Parliament passed a
3214:
2604:
1981:
skulls were particularly sought internationally for studies into
1929:
1453:
1409:
1289:
1217:
1105:
1019:"Freshwater people" redirects here. For the American people, see
801:
789:
524:
288:
25644:
19971:. Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority. 25 July 2018
19810:. Civics and Citizenship Education. 14 June 2005. Archived from
19806:
19183:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from
19094:"Petrol sniffing continues to decline in Indigenous Communities"
18176:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from
15885:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from
15366:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"
10169:
9979:
9542:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8098:
7742:
7678:
7425:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians"
6961:
decision that bears his name. The voices of Cape York activists
6106:; violent family environments; poor health; inadequate housing;
4809:
4468:
2918:
1352:
Aboriginal Australians possess deep rooted clades of both mtDNA
1248:
and the East/Southeast Asian lineage including the ancestors of
24257:
23353:
23303:
22848:
22742:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
20625:
20061:. Mount Lawley, WA: Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. 2019.
19644:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
19347:(28). Australasian Legal Information Institute. 16 January 2012
19071:
17264:"The Story of Cape York Peninsula: Part II: Torres Strait Saga"
16023:"Indigenous parliamentarians, federal and state: a quick guide"
14822:"Street names a reminder of our racist past and they should go"
14753:
14159:
14077:
Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method
12649:
12435:"$ 10.7 million boost for domestic violence services in the NT"
11750:
11696:
11566:
11491:
11271:
11211:
10956:
10789:
10021:
9749:
9695:
9677:
9461:
7853:
7663:
6859:, became famous for armed resistance to the European settlers.
5924:
5747:
5743:
5530:
5502:
4894:
4526:
4336:
4248:
4240:
3751:
Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011
2544:
2155:
In 1938, over 100 Aboriginal people protested one of the first
1720:
1505:
1452:
people whom he lived near in Victoria. He saw women harvesting
749:
593:" and its associated forms to refer to Aboriginal Australians.
422:
epidemic spreading three years after the arrival of Europeans.
24193:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
19759:"Screen Australia's Indigenous Department celebrates 25 years"
19505:. Aboriginal history monographs. ANU Press. pp. 147–161.
19138:
17689:
MacKnight, C. C. (1986). "Macassans and the Aboriginal past".
17224:"Appropriate words & terminology for First Nations topics"
16965:
16156:"UN's claims of "racist" NT intervention are widely condemned"
14375:"Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789"
12671:"36. Kinship and Identity: Legal definitions of Aboriginality"
10968:
10910:
10908:
9922:
9713:
9638:
9100:
8723:
8693:
8120:
8089:
7889:
7841:
6458:(ATSIC) was set up as a representative body in 1990 under the
6128:
5841:
of both legal and illegal drugs, including but not limited to
3737:
Aboriginal Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011
3723:
Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011
1034:
for coast-dwellers (including Torres Strait Islander people),
25776:
Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
25649:
25254:
25224:
24312:
24267:
23247:
23230:
23215:
22833:
21213:
21177:"More First Nations people in parliament matters. Here's why"
21100:. NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Archived from
20629:
Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle: "Little Children are Sacred"
20549:
Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia
19878:
19826:
19195:(Media release). University of South Australia. 16 May 2008.
19119:. Northern Territory Government. October 2004. Archived from
18976:
Convincing Ground: Learning to Fall in Love with your Country
18670:"Greens announce all First Nations Senate ticket in Victoria"
17778:
15506:
15186:"Documenting a Democracy: Yirrkala bark petitions 1963 (Cth)"
14556:
14484:
13681:. Authorised by the Electoral Commissioner: Canberra ACT 2600
13637:
13168:
11601:
11331:
11295:
10702:
10618:
10385:
10383:
9898:
8866:
8516:
8405:
8354:
8342:
8252:
8150:
8095:
7964:
7952:
7520:
6852:
6244:
List of Indigenous Australians in politics and public service
5048:
4590:
4530:
3440:
3074:
2825:
the twentieth century, many Indigenous Australians worked as
1890:
1727:, which catered for extended family members living together.
1533:
1501:
1435:
people have removed the bark to make a canoe, for use on the
1417:
1281:
1253:
765:
528:
486:
382:
20705:"Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?"
20287:. National Museum of Australia. 13 July 1968. Archived from
17381:"The Music Culture and Music System of Aboriginal Australia"
17061:"Wyatt likes the odd but keeping his cards close in Hasluck"
16040:"Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing"
14396:"Ngapartji Ngapartji: Telling Aboriginal Australian Stories"
13159:. Vol. 62, no. 19, 109. 30 January 1988. p. 4
13020:"Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth)"
11660:
10932:
10920:
10854:
10477:
10419:
9826:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9479:
9416:
7877:
7044:
Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities
6907:
Indigenous Australians have been elected to political office
6089:
Domestic violence in Australia § Indigenous Australians
5698:(COAG) in December 2018. These were in the following areas:
4641:
who are known for their traditional sculpture and headgear.
4608:"dot art" movement. Some notable Aboriginal artists include
4166:
spoken on the nearby south coast of New Guinea and the only
3023:
to make laws with respect to Aboriginal people by modifying
1744:
A 1770 sketch of two Aboriginal men by the British explorer
24884:
23318:
23298:
23288:
23268:
23225:
23190:
23175:
22879:
22791:
22776:
21316:"Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea"
20680:"Audiovisual Heritage of Torres Strait Singing and Dancing"
19501:. In Clark, Ian D; Hercus, Luise; Kostanski, Laura (eds.).
19079:(Report). School of Public Health, University of Queensland
19014:
Dark emu: Aboriginal Australia and the birth of agriculture
18411:
15930:"GF's Koori History Website – Koori History Images – 1930s"
15883:"Research Note 18 2000–01: The Definition of Aboriginality"
15572:
The Soundscapes of Australia: Music, Place And Spirituality
14094:
13966:
13829:
Biddle, Nicholas; Hunter, Boyd; Yap, Mandy; Gray, Matthew.
13004:"Aboriginal Heritage walk: Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park"
12775:"4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2009: Imprisonment rates"
12529:
12094:
11895:
11893:
11429:
11427:
10905:
10842:
10561:
10533:
10531:
10009:
9910:
9271:
9223:
9075:
9073:
9007:
8878:
8435:
8387:
8156:
8015:
8005:
8003:
7508:
6742:
In 2014, another Indigenous group describing itself as the
5822:
5052:(1955) was the first Australian feature film to be shot in
3853:
See Infobox above for Distribution by state & territory
1716:
1564:
1545:
1245:
1104:
Artwork depicting the first contact that was made with the
641:
24666:
21640:
21121:
21089:
Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Weatherburn, Don (December 2001).
20441:
20421:
20154:
20144:"Sydney Opera House – Producer, First Nations Programming"
19230:
19132:"Pilbara Rock Art not Affected by Mining Emissions: Study"
19114:"Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities"
19041:"What is a Makarrata? It's more than a synonym for treaty"
18924:
Pardoe, C. (1991). "Isolation and Evolution in Tasmania".
18747:"Ken Wyatt: Australia's first indigenous cabinet minister"
16846:. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory.
16282:"Historian dismisses Tasmanian aboriginal genocide 'myth'"
15856:
The biggest estate on earth: how Aborigines made Australia
15308:
People of the Merri Merri: The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days
14920:
Cooper, A. (2001). "Human Origins and Ancient Human DNA".
14719:"Collections: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander art"
14300:
Callaway, E. (2011). "First Aboriginal genome sequenced".
14057:
Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland's frontier killing times
13336:
13275:
12294:
11591:
11589:
11587:
11235:
10818:
10630:
10608:
10606:
10504:
10380:
10284:
10272:
9199:
9172:
9090:
9088:
8645:
8606:
8594:
8564:
8479:
8477:
8381:
8180:
6536:
citing insufficient community awareness for the decision.
1559:
fishermen from Indonesia before the arrival of Europeans.
22951:
21013:"Australian Aborigines in chains at Wyndham prison, 1902"
20091:
Masked corroborees of the northwest 'stand up in my head'
19969:"Spirituality and religion among Torres Strait Islanders"
19316:. Commonwealth of Australia. January 2012. Archived from
18828:
17888:
17385:
Ar̲atjara: Aboriginal Culture and Literature in Australia
17383:. In Riemenschneider, Dieter; Davis, Geoffrey V. (eds.).
16647:"Imprisonment rates of Indigenous women a national shame"
16336:. Government of Queensland. 17 March 2016. Archived from
16079:"Indigenous Populations, Mixed Discourses and Identities"
15802:
15614:
15611:"First Australian Aboriginal in House of Representatives"
15099:
14667:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Freedom Ride, 1965"
13113:
12414:
12342:
11476:
11223:
11064:
10678:
10567:
10326:
9874:
9809:
9773:
9626:
9571:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9563:
9058:
8669:
8411:
8366:
8044:
8042:
7626:
7624:
7592:
7590:
6687:
6392:, who entered the Western Australian Parliament in 1980.
5878:
has been a problem among some remote communities. A 2018
5615:
To this day, the forced removal of children known as the
4970:
contains stories written in traditional languages of the
4900:
Writers coming to prominence in the 21st century include
4178:
language while Meriam Mìr is more clearly agglutinative.
3073:
In 1985, the Australian government returned ownership of
2812:
for the purpose of eradicating Aboriginal culture, under
1525:
1224:. The Aboriginal Australians also show affinity to other
1100:
853:
genocide". A woman named Trugernanner (often rendered as
19983:
19929:
Race and Ethnicity: Culture, identity and representation
19568:
17943:"Mapping the massacres of Australia's colonial frontier"
17941:
17837:
17636:
17309:(Version 1.3 ed.). Australians Together. April 2020
16270:
Hilferti, Tim (24 October 2010). "The Australian Game".
15735:
Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories
15589:
15143:
14337:
13527:"Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples"
13061:. Pew Environment Group. 24 October 2012. Archived from
12260:
12258:
12256:
12229:
11962:
11946:
11944:
11890:
11714:
11424:
11100:
10893:
10528:
9838:
9586:
9584:
9437:
9241:
9070:
9036:
9034:
8717:
8558:
8468:
8288:
8000:
7901:
7470:
7326:
3812:
and in the 1954 and 1961 censuses were considered to be
1964:
the rape and forcible prostitution of Aboriginal women.
434:
children from Aboriginal communities, which was judged "
20505:
20485:
20221:
Unearthed: the Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island
19092:
18433:
Destiny Deacon: Walk & don't look blak Resource Kit
18254:"The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789"
17362:
Lawford, Elliana; Zillman, Stephanie (18 August 2016).
16312:
15208:. National Indigenous Australians Agency. December 2018
15044:
14565:
Close the Gap report – "Our Choices, Our Voices" (2019)
13618:
12217:
12211:
12199:
11732:
11648:
11584:
11578:
11412:
11379:
11355:
11343:
11319:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10738:
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10603:
10579:
10549:
10395:
10370:
10368:
10314:
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10087:
10057:
9963:
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9118:
9085:
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8168:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7390:
6953:
of 1965 and subsequent work; or Torres Strait Islander
6572:
6133:
In 2021, Australia's government, led by Prime Minister
5088:, was an award-winning historical drama from a book by
4630:
becoming globally renowned 20th-century art movements.
4231:
greater or lesser extent, and evolved over time. Major
1368:
Although it is estimated that people migrated from the
21676:
21609:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice"
20979:. State Library of Western Australia. 23 December 2015
19550:"Roll out of OPAL fuel to help combat petrol sniffing"
19548:
18431:
Munro, Keith; McLisky, Justine, eds. (November 2004).
16434:
15405:. Canberra Australia: Australian National University.
15346:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census"
14999:
Culotta, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Ann (21 September 2016).
14547:. Vol. 1, no. 56. 8 November 1828. p. 1
14149:
Thinking Faith – Online Journal of the British Jesuits
13870:
12878:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census"
12523:"2021 Census - Cultural Diversity, 2021, TableBuilder"
12306:
12169:
12060:
12058:
12031:
11848:"Australia to pay reparations to 'Stolen Generations'"
11539:
11259:
11151:
10883:
10881:
9701:
9560:
9547:
The Queensland Native Mounted Police Research Database
9046:
8839:
8815:
8790:
8788:
8786:
8546:
8494:
8492:
8282:
8054:
8039:
7766:
7621:
7587:
7562:
7560:
6734:
In 2013, an Indigenous group describing itself as the
6330:, was concurrently serving as Shadow Treasurer in the
3839:(ABS) follows a set method to estimate total numbers.
3338:
3140:
became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the
515:
Being as specific as possible, for example naming the
21313:
21088:
21059:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018.
19778:
19569:
Rosenstock, A; Mukandi, B; Zwi, AB; Hill, PS (2013).
19065:"The people and history of the Torres Strait Islands"
17268:
Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland
12986:
12926:"Aboriginal Art Online, Traditional painting methods"
12924:
12857:
12253:
12145:
12043:
11941:
11545:
11307:
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11010:
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10033:
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8827:
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8027:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7079:
Domestic violence in Australia#Indigenous Australians
6815:
following her victory in the 400 m final of the
5056:, the first to star Aboriginal actors in lead roles (
4343:
and created textbooks in the language. However, some
21047:. Aboriginal Studies Press. 22 May 2017 – via
19902:
19332:
19211:
18314:
18046:
17364:"Timeline: From Wave Hill protest to land handbacks"
17302:
17286:
16825:. Rugby Hall of Fame. 9 October 2007. Archived from
16123:"Explainer: the evidence for the Tasmanian genocide"
15305:
14700:"Meet the Indigenous candidates vying for your vote"
14645:
14281:"History of Torres Strait to 1879 – a regional view"
13673:
Australian Electoral Commission (12 November 2020).
12739:"4510.0 – Recorded Crime – Victims, Australia, 2016"
12621:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018
12330:
12181:
12157:
12139:
11995:
11983:
11804:
11780:
11373:
11253:
11193:
11124:
11118:
11088:
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10465:
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10118:
10084:
10045:
9958:
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9761:
9665:
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8920:
8800:
8633:
8423:
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8192:
7930:
7928:
7865:
7748:
7718:
7690:
7641:
7639:
7437:
7380:
7378:
6995:
6030:
Indigenous Australians are also over-represented as
4692:
Music and dance have formed an integral part of the
3781:
Aboriginal boys and men in front of a bush shelter,
3063:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
1916:
the other islands, which became part of the British
531:), is considered best practice and most respectful.
19575:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
19366:. Queensland University of Technology. 1 April 2015
18646:
Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari
18642:
18275:"Rottnest Island: Black prison to white playground"
18026:. No. 118. Fitzroy, Victoria. pp. 33–34.
17945:. University of Newcastle, Australia. 5 July 2017b.
17105:. War and Genocide. Berghahn Books. pp. 79ff.
16932:
16250:Higgins, Isabella; Collard, Sarah (28 April 2020).
15766:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australian"
14539:
12761:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 November 2019
12282:
12055:
11816:
11720:
11509:
11028:
11016:
10878:
10866:
10771:
10591:
10494:
10492:
10407:
10227:
10157:
10147:
10145:
9997:
9389:
9353:
9341:
9319:
9317:
9315:
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9211:
8932:
8890:
8783:
8489:
8216:
7988:
7859:
7829:
7817:
7796:
7557:
7363:
6789:
6778:negotiations have been "paused". In June 2018, the
5864:Indigenous Australians were 1.6 times as likely to
5436:, play the modern game. Well-known players include
4364:clergy such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop,
4280:
Torres Strait Islanders § Religion and beliefs
4170:spoken on Australian territory. Both languages are
4128:, Western conversational interaction is typically "
3772:
3031:. The referendum passed with 90.77% voter support.
714:
Aboriginal Australians § Groups and sub-groups
25066:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
21471:
20928:. State Library of South Australia. Archived from
20888:
20818:
20663:. Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia. p. 275.
19731:
19130:
18560:. Victoria, Australia. 19 November 1919. p. 3
18258:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society
17711:
17463:
16873:
16821:
16791:"Indigenous vote decided outcome in the Territory"
15991:
15548:
15438:
15220:
15066:Davidson, Helen; Wahlquist, Calla (20 July 2017).
14957:Costa, Jedda; Dunstan, Joseph (11 December 2019).
14869:Skin Deep: Settler impressions of Aboriginal women
14283:. Torres Strait Regional Authority. Archived from
13945:
13695:"The Australian Eleven: The first Australian team"
13509:
13235:
13149:
12941:
12906:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population"
12605:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 17 October 2018
12360:
12318:
12121:
12082:
12019:
12007:
11929:
11828:
11792:
11702:
11521:
11283:
11277:
11217:
11175:
11163:
11052:
10962:
10830:
10795:
10720:
10690:
10666:
10654:
10446:
10431:
10203:
10130:
10069:
10027:
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8528:
8312:
8300:
8240:
8126:
7940:
7895:
7847:
7684:
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7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7482:
6557:from the gathering of 250 Indigenous leaders. The
4787:Torres Strait Islander people, singing and dancing
4553:in Western Australia was heritage listed in 2007.
3901:
3044:before British settlement, and that no concept of
3038:, Justice Blackburn ruled that Australia had been
756:, and neighbouring parts of Western Australia and
51:Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders
22732:
21288:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
20806:
20479:Brewarrina Aboriginal fisheries conservation plan
20347:
20023:
19888:. Australian Government. National Oceans Office.
18762:Offer, Marnie Banger and Kaitlyn (21 June 2018).
17127:. Australia: ABC. 14 October 2003. Archived from
16893:
16877:. Festival de Cannes. 22 May 2011. Archived from
16669:
16356:. Central Land Council, Australia. Archived from
16225:
15239:
15065:
13965:
13831:"Eight ways we can improve Indigenous employment"
13741:. australia.gov.au. 20 April 2016. Archived from
13675:"Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians"
13652:
13199:
13175:
13059:"Aboriginal Stewardship Models Brought to Canada"
12637:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 31 August 2018
12521:
12479:"1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004"
12270:
12070:
11756:
11684:
11497:
11439:
11082:
10974:
10944:
10777:
10350:
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10215:
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8114:
7976:
7970:
7958:
7925:
7913:
7636:
7526:
7473:"Demonstrating inclusive and respectful language"
7407:
7405:
7375:
7064:Australian outback literature of the 20th century
6449:
5781:and other illnesses than the general population.
5746:, lack of education or employment (and therefore
5690:strategy, created in 2008 and coordinated by the
4395:mission led by Rev. Samuel Macfarlane arrived on
4382:
4135:
3408:
3320:in Canberra. On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister
1970:In 1834 there occurred the first recorded use of
731:of which can have alternative English spellings.
27:The two groups of indigenous peoples of Australia
25762:
20393:
19796:"Australia needs to own up to its slave history"
19757:
19359:
19193:"Preserving Indigenous culture through language"
19158:
18607:"New map records massacres of Aboriginal people"
18337:"The Tiwi and the British: an ill-fated outpost"
18016:McCallum, Kerry; Waller, Lisa (June–July 2012).
16393:Hobbs, Harry; Williams, George (16 April 2018).
16352:
16288:(Transcript). ABC Local Radio. 12 December 2002.
15814:
15310:. Merri Creek Management Committee. p. 45.
15285:
14377:. Australian National University. Archived from
13999:
13737:
13495:. North Melbourne: Spinifex Press. p. 424.
13384:National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005
12880:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2022.
12396:
12384:
12241:
11917:
11905:
11672:
11613:
11607:
11337:
11301:
11040:
10624:
10516:
10489:
10302:
10290:
10239:
10142:
9904:
9312:
8872:
8735:
8576:
8324:
8066:
7883:
7805:
6456:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
4958:has written both fiction and non-fiction works.
4119:
3234:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
2195:
1086:List of Indigenous Australian historical figures
554:, proudly embraced the term "Black", and writer
468:, it was proclaimed a flag of Australia in 1995.
385:. Technologies for warfare and hunting like the
21424:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
20457:
20409:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4 April 2023
20146:. Media RING. 21 September 2018. Archived from
19707:
19615:Population Issues, Indigenous Australians, 1996
19378:
18552:"National Park visitors search kitchen middens"
18388:
18300:"Mills dumped as Giles takes top Territory job"
17171:"Australia has a history of Aboriginal slavery"
16913:
16556:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
16280:
15880:
15800:G. J. Adcock; E. S. Dennis; S. Esteal [
15737:. Aboriginal History Monographs. Vol. 16.
15658:"Five Fast Facts – The Aboriginal Tent Embassy"
15656:
14721:. National Gallery of Australia. Archived from
14665:
14647:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights 1957–1973"
13995:(in German). Gleiwitz, Germany: Gustav Neumann.
13828:
13759:"Australians Together | The Stolen Generations"
13282:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
12886:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"
12553:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017
11775:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2006
11666:
10938:
10926:
10860:
10483:
9832:
9737:
9656:
9302:
9300:
9298:
8504:
8441:
8162:
8021:
7538:
4767:is helping preserve some Indigenous languages.
3270:, and the final report delivered in 1997 – the
25553:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
25056:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
21511:(Report). NSW Department of Health. May 2004.
21257:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 174–193.
20565:
20239:Terzon, Emilia; Robinson, Paul (15 May 2018).
20238:
18995:Dark Emu; Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident
18978:. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 182–185.
18881:
18857:
18680:
18015:
17996:
17411:Lipson, Mark; Reich, David (10 January 2017).
17361:
17049:
16801:
16789:
16737:. National Gallery of Victoria. Archived from
16249:
15460:
15439:Evans, Raymond; Ørsted-Jensen, Robert (2014).
15306:Ellender, Isabel; Christiansen, Peter (2001).
14998:
14854:(12). Australasian Legal Information Institute
14649:. National Museum of Australia. Archived from
14400:Get Real: Documentary Theatre Past and Present
13992:Australien in 142 Photographischen Abbildungen
13717:
13588:
12505:. Australia: ABC. 3 March 2008. Archived from
12375:
12112:
12100:
11974:
10914:
10848:
10708:
10175:
10015:
9916:
9407:
9277:
9229:
9190:
9013:
8570:
7581:
7402:
7351:
7289:For a discussion of the recommendations, see:
7100:List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians
6484:In October 2007, just before the calling of a
5332:Theatre of Australia § Indigenous theatre
3345:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
3221:desert-dwelling life were tracked down in the
3093:to be invalid and confirming the existence of
2903:Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit
2066:
1956:. A fourth theory is that the epidemic was of
1706:
25630:
25041:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
24652:
24395:
23733:
23488:
22718:
21744:
21387:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
21141:Olson, Emily; Marsh, Peter (23 August 2007).
20363:
20004:
19621:. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
17471:. Vol. 9. September 1997. Archived from
16419:The Australian Journal of Media & Culture
16392:
16076:
15824:Colin Groves. "Lake Mungo 3 and his DNA". In
14842:"Who is an 'Aboriginal Person'?: Shaw v Wolf"
13851:"Aboriginal identity goes beyond skin colour"
13775:"Australia's Megafauna Coexisted with Humans"
13381:
13225:"A Century of Population Change in Australia"
12633:
12300:
11631:
11407:Australians Together: Indigenous disadvantage
11241:
10980:
10636:
10510:
10389:
9886:
8417:
5002:Indigenous Australians in the performing arts
3378:, the Opposition and Indigenous leaders like
2984:(Gurindji strike) of Indigenous employees of
2856:Aboriginal women carrying a child wrapped in
2771:
1420:were made out of bark for use on the Murray.
348:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
273:Torres Strait Islander religion and mythology
25108:
21621:"Australian Database of Indigenous Violence"
21252:
20285:"Timeline: 1960–69: 1967, 27 May referendum"
19780:"Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout"
19380:"Reconciliation and other Indigenous Issues"
18587:"The new corroboree – Music – Entertainment"
18430:
17584:Kim, Sharnie; Stephen, Adam (18 June 2020).
17507:"Wyatt to challenge for WA Labor leadership"
15986:
15928:
15832:
15823:
15708:
15080:
15031:
14956:
14398:. In Forsyth, Alison; Megson, Chris (eds.).
14344:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
14240:Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788
14073:
14030:. Melbourne: Government Printer. p. 17.
13739:"Australian Indigenous tools and technology"
13672:
12884:
12601:
12531:"2021 Census overcount and undercount, 2021"
12348:
11229:
10684:
10573:
9880:
9820:
9785:
9779:
9632:
9443:
9295:
8766:National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National
7907:
7761:Flinders University: Appropriate Terminology
7672:
7396:
7214:and "others", by M. D. Prentis for his book
6731:, in favour of the concept of native title.
6400:) in 2001, and the first woman minister was
6254:Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia
4782:is an acclaimed contemporary dance company.
4655:
4577:; and the complex figurative style found in
4217:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
3823:in 1978 which contains elements of descent,
1124:of sediments surrounding stone artefacts at
315:of the mainland and many islands, including
267:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
21199:"Tribal Boundaries in Aboriginal Australia"
20252:. Cambridge University Press. p. 153.
19638:"Arthur Phillip: 1788. The Foundation Year"
17781:"A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia"
17410:
17387:. Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi.
17029:
16372:
16190:
16059:"Yolngu are People 2: They're not Clip Art"
15947:"One policy, two camps – the takeover rift"
14907:
14681:
14464:
14059:. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. pp. 1–208.
13414:
12817:
12477:
12465:
12235:
11899:
11433:
11106:
10899:
10537:
9941:Australians Together: Mabo and Native title
9844:
9474:First encounters and frontier conflict 2015
8974:
8483:
8271:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture n.d
8174:
7778:
6807:surrounded by world media and carrying the
6229:
6162:It has been suggested that this section be
6129:Efforts towards recognition and reparations
5027:Category:Films about Aboriginal Australians
4995:It has been suggested that this section be
3872:, and a further 26,767 both Aboriginal and
2077:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians
1788:of British ships was commanded by Governor
1536:, gunyah, or wurley. Clothing included the
1504:. Shelters varied regionally, and included
1443:, and is now in the Mildura Visitor Centre.
1400:Aboriginal people in some regions lived as
796:. The largest Aboriginal communities – the
272:
38:. For the whole Australian population, see
25637:
25623:
25148:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
25133:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
24659:
24645:
24402:
24388:
23740:
23726:
23495:
23481:
22725:
22711:
21751:
21737:
21477:"The extinction of the Australian pygmies"
21140:
21070:Australian Blak History Month for Teachers
20863:
20826:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
20605:
20142:
20123:"ABC series The Straits begins production"
19697:"Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia"
19519:
18953:Pardoe, C. (2006). "Becoming Australian".
18550:
18098:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture
17583:
17184:"Aboriginal Christians & Christianity"
16294:"Historic day for new indigenous minister"
15970:Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert
15516:
15491:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
15386:"Ethnologue report for language code: ulk"
15384:
14757:. The Centre for 21st Century Humanities,
14737:
14603:
14416:
14278:
13985:
13931:. South Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 75.
13693:
13259:. Government of Queensland. Archived from
13079:"Aboriginal, Indigenous or First Nations?"
12988:"Aboriginal culture one of world's oldest"
12837:
12797:
12737:
12617:
12577:
12549:
12453:
12223:
11738:
11654:
11595:
11418:
11385:
11361:
11325:
10648:
10612:
10585:
10063:
9517:
9094:
9025:
8990:Cook's Journal: Description of New Holland
8857:
8060:
8048:
7772:
7596:
7303:
7110:Repatriation and reburial of human remains
6012:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
5501:became the world number-one ranked female
5092:, about the tragic story of an Aboriginal
4433:Indigenous Australians § Blak culture
4371:A small minority of Aboriginal people are
3842:
3316:In 2001, the Federal Government dedicated
3089:, declaring the previous legal concept of
2778:
2764:
1375:
867:
76:Population distribution by state/territory
23747:
21454:
21444:
21355:
20789:
20677:
20525:
20477:Vines, Gary; Hope, Jeannette (May 1994).
20476:
20200:
20182:
20172:
19594:
19264:
18474:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
18129:"Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths"
18109:
18072:
17997:Maynard, John; Haskins, Victoria (2016).
17924:
17914:
17871:
17812:
17709:
17688:
17552:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
17446:
17428:
17146:"Aboriginal history timeline (1770–1899)"
17100:
17050:Kennedy, Brian; Kennedy, Barbara (1992).
16991:
16860:
16777:. Australians Together. 16 September 2020
16585:
16575:
16510:
16354:"The History of the Central Land Council"
16316:. Blackwell Public School. Archived from
16292:
15901:
15881:Gardiner-Garden, John (5 December 2000).
15858:. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.
15511:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
15328:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
14514:
14355:
13643:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
13511:"Appeal for Justice: Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda"
13364:
13354:
13319:
13301:
13137:. National Museum Australia. 30 June 2021
13077:
13006:. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
12892:. Australian Government. 6 September 2021
12312:
12175:
12037:
11638:University of New South Wales Law Journal
11265:
11157:
9178:
8884:
8845:
8821:
8211:AHRC: Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture 2014
7737:Aborigine: Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
7458:
7206:Statistics compiled by Ørsted-Jensen for
6706:About 22% of land in Northern Australia (
6240:List of Indigenous Australian politicians
6055:report. This suggested, based largely on
5968:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts
5742:Social and cultural determinants such as
5023:Category:Indigenous Australian mass media
4830:Aboriginal lawyer, activist and essayist
4778:teaches acting, music and dance, and the
4772:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts
4273:
3306:apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples
1090:
710:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
25751:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
23502:
21128:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
20850:
20814:. Government of Australia. 12 July 2013.
20351:. Torres Strait Council Regional Council
19793:
19769:
19493:
19474:
19430:
18764:"Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill"
18745:Nunn, Gary; Mao, Frances (28 May 2019).
18682:"Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd"
18605:
18572:
18357:"Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929)"
18354:
18298:
18272:
18091:
17975:Children and War: A Historical Anthology
17618:Australasian Legal Information Institute
17524:
17341:
16952:
16693:
16453:
16269:
16110:"'Are there Black people in Australia?'"
15904:Australia and the origins of agriculture
15631:"First encounters and frontier conflict"
15591:"First Aboriginal politician in NT dies"
14976:"A body in the bush or an urban legend?"
14973:
14402:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 122–138.
14316:
14299:
14262:Brown, Peter James (18 November 2015) .
14074:Bowern, Claire; Harold, K, eds. (2004).
14020:
13907:
13442:"Piltawodli Native Location (1838–1845)"
13417:"The Saltwater People – a picture essay"
13415:Allmon, Ben; Kelly, David (5 May 2018).
13133:
12966:
12525:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021.
12264:
12151:
12049:
11950:
11551:
11465:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2019
11349:
11313:
11205:
10824:
10320:
10113:Australians Together: Stolen Generations
10039:
9602:
9485:
9422:
9371:
9335:
9289:
9130:
8657:
8234:
8198:
7871:
7724:
7696:
7369:
6822:
6799:
6429:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
6351:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
5458:
5346:
4744:in Aboriginal culture, overlapping with
4683:
4677:player Ŋalkan Munuŋgurr performing with
4669:
4407:
4189:
4146:There are three languages spoken in the
3776:
3332:on behalf of the Australian Government.
3324:reversed Howard's decision and issued a
3293:in consultation with Aboriginal Senator
2941:
2917:
2851:
2092:
2080:
2049:
2006:
1799:
1739:
1422:
1384:
1363:
1258:
1216:, and are most closely related to other
1099:
877:
821:
738:Clan-head of the Kirræ Wuurong peoples,
733:
691:
669:
451:
18:Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
24870:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
24742:People from politics and public service
24409:
21540:
20808:"Yirrkala Bark Petitions – 50 Years On"
20649:
20606:Wellington, Shahni (13 November 2019).
20487:"Voice Co-Design Senior Advisory Group"
20382:
20303:
20266:
20247:
20094:(PhD). Australian National University.
20075:
19945:
19926:
19648:
19038:
18909:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture
18744:
18585:
18370:"Pope John Paul II's Indigenous legacy"
18367:
18212:
18171:
18146:
18126:
17378:
16841:
16713:
16107:
16020:
15998:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
15964:
15853:
15712:More or less: democracy & new media
15525:
15519:"Kids play "kick to kick" −1850s style"
15517:Farnsworth, Sarah (21 September 2007).
15268:
14886:Convery, Stephanie (15 December 2021).
14885:
14839:
14795:
14772:
14697:
14372:
14142:
14054:
13926:
13547:
13490:
13115:"Aborigine stitches up role as surgeon"
12336:
12187:
12163:
12001:
11989:
11810:
11786:
11142:
11130:
11094:
10998:
10812:
10744:
10425:
10401:
10374:
10344:
10332:
10124:
10093:
10051:
9967:
9767:
9671:
9606:
9166:
9154:
8833:
8809:
8498:
8222:
8186:
8033:
7835:
7823:
7566:
7493:
7194:
6941:was appointed Governor of the State of
6417:Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
6398:Western Australian Legislative Assembly
5911:National Sorry Day § Close the Gap
5336:
5172:was filmed entirely in dialects of the
4818:, the first Aboriginal published author
4358:
4043:
3052:, in 1975 the federal government under
2146:
2058:'s "Australia's coloured minority" book
1730:
1532:. A bark tent or lean-to is known as a
1460:Along the northern coast of Australia,
918:in the Torres Strait, which the famous
841:are thought to have first crossed into
381:, and possibly the introduction of the
14:
25763:
24668:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
21758:
21380:
21278:
21231:
21204:. Australian National University Press
21174:
20866:"Aboriginal languages deserve revival"
20778:Human Population Genetics and Genomics
20747:
20658:
20626:Wild, Rex; Anderson, Patricia (2007).
20217:
19701:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities
19479:. Sydney: NewSouth. pp. 121–134.
19454:
19011:
18992:
18973:
18952:
18923:
18704:
18621:
18508:
18462:
18334:
18281:
18053:The American Journal of Human Genetics
17971:
17949:
17728:
17568:
17401:
17221:
17201:
17181:
17168:
17143:
16972:The American Journal of Human Genetics
16953:Karvelas, Patricia (20 January 2012).
16823:"The International Rugby Hall of Fame"
16775:"Indigenous disadvantage in Australia"
16755:"Indigenous Coordination Centre (ICC)"
16753:
16527:
16490:
16470:
16170:
16153:
16133:
16120:
16077:Greg Gardiner, Eleanor Bourke (2002).
16056:
15944:
15032:Darian-Smith, Kate (26 January 2017).
14919:
14866:
14819:
14717:
14442:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities
14233:
14034:
13808:
12565:
12288:
12064:
11822:
11726:
11515:
11070:
11034:
11022:
10887:
10872:
10597:
10233:
10163:
10003:
9707:
9618:
9590:
9575:
9509:
9395:
9359:
9347:
9253:
9242:Spooner, Firman & Yalmambirra 2013
9217:
9205:
9052:
9040:
8938:
8896:
8794:
8534:
8393:
8318:
8306:
8246:
8009:
7994:
7946:
7657:
7630:
7384:
7277:
7159:
6746:declared independence from Australia.
6688:Native title, sovereignty and treaties
6504:initially supported the idea; however
5927:(standardised school testing) measures
5888:National Indigenous Australians Agency
5868:than non-Indigenous people in 2012–3.
5692:National Indigenous Australians Agency
5660:and lack of political representation.
5599:
5584:in Australian rules football, and the
5064:), and the first to be entered at the
4977:
4968:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
4560:in Australia is comparable to that of
4205:
3046:native title existed in Australian law
2899:Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion
623:. For Deacon's 2004 exhibition at the
25618:
24640:
24383:
23721:
23476:
22880:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
22706:
21732:
21281:"Aboriginal people and granite domes"
21143:"Kava ban 'sparks black market boom'"
20864:Zuckermann, Ghilad (26 August 2009).
20762:
20585:
20545:
20334:
20120:
19931:. London: Routledge. pp. 33–34.
19635:
19394:
19191:
19178:
19112:
18882:O'Sullivan, Dominic (20 March 2017).
18781:
18761:
18667:
18449:
18404:
18195:"What's wrong with this street sign?"
18192:
17766:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
17757:
17504:
17487:
17241:
17008:
16473:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
16412:
16210:
16158:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
16037:
15843:
15834:
15825:
15816:
15807:
15763:
15732:
15682:
15568:
15419:
15400:
15184:
15163:
15145:"Disproportionate incarceration rate"
15134:
15112:"Defence, Discrimination and Regrets"
15018:
14465:Chrysanthos, Natassia (26 May 2019).
14393:
14261:
14161:"Bringing them home education module"
14145:"The History of Apologies Down Under"
13460:
13439:
12785:from the original on 19 February 2011
12433:
12324:
12127:
12088:
12025:
12013:
11935:
11834:
11798:
11527:
11289:
11181:
11169:
11058:
10836:
10732:
10696:
10672:
10660:
10209:
10136:
10078:
9980:Civics and Citizenship Education 2005
9856:
9513:
9497:
9383:
9265:
9064:
8950:
8911:
8777:
8453:
8429:
8294:
8138:
7982:
7934:
7919:
7709:Bringing them Home: "Chapter 13" 1997
7645:
7532:
6866:became a painter, and actors such as
6206:collects 1800 signatures to petition
6166:out into another article titled
6019:, but within communities as a whole.
4999:out into another article titled
4292:
3252:Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation
3217:people who were living a traditional
3203:at the Games. In 2019, tennis player
2819:
1183:Aboriginal Australians § Origins
1095:
1082:Aboriginal Australians § Origins
527:relating to geographic area (such as
24850:Literature of Indigenous Australians
24605:For other topics including Oceanian
23013:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
21562:
20771:
20702:
20678:Wiltshire, Kelly (27 October 2017).
20507:"A voice for Indigenous Australians"
20318:Australian National University Press
20283:
20043:
19967:
19694:
19668:
19611:
19281:
18808:
18273:Melville, Kirsti (25 October 2016).
18251:
17760:"Treasure Trove: Bennelong's letter"
17724:from the original on 15 August 2022.
17612:
17261:
17074:"UN rapporteur raps NT intervention"
17072:Kirk, Alexandra (24 February 2010).
17071:
17011:"From Little Things Big Things Grow"
16695:"Indigenous Australian ethnic group"
16645:
16625:
16602:
16025:. Canberra: Parliament of Australian
15200:
14974:Cronshaw, Damon (23 February 2018).
14563:
14458:"Chapter 13. Grounds for Reparation"
14438:"Centre For 21st Century Humanities"
13848:
13795:
13109:. Merriam-Webster. 27 February 2024.
13002:
12948:. Lonely Planet Publications. 2001.
12904:
12773:
12713:
12693:
12669:
12467:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2005"
12455:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002"
12276:
12076:
11762:
11751:Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle 2007
11690:
11503:
11492:ABS 3302.0.55.003 – Life Tables 2009
11445:
10950:
10783:
10471:
10459:
10440:
10413:
10359:
10221:
10193:Northern Territory Consolidated Acts
9991:
9868:
9731:
9529:
9142:
9079:
8962:
8926:
8582:
8330:
8072:
7811:
7417:
7290:
7171:
7095:List of Indigenous Australian firsts
6937:), Aboriginal rights campaigner Sir
6749:Unlike in other parts of the former
6573:2019: Indigenous voice to government
6384:has had an Aboriginal Governor, Sir
6148:
4981:
4549:are between 5000 and 200 years old.
4198:by 19th century Indigenous activist
4058:Australian Aboriginal sign languages
3300:On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister
3108:as a Senator for Queensland for the
2913:
2814:acts of their respective parliaments
1380:
665:
21714:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
21693:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
21238:. I. B. Tauris. p. 344 n.105.
21170:from the original on 11 April 2020.
20772:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022).
20405:
20079:Masked Corroborees of the Northwest
20025:"The spread of people to Australia"
20006:"The spread of people to Australia"
19312:
19063:
18814:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
18711:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
18573:Neubauer, Ian Lloyd (30 May 2013).
17321:
17119:
17082:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
17058:
16631:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
16528:Howden, Saffron (2 November 2015).
16332:
16235:Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History
16154:Hawley, Samantha (28 August 2009).
16121:Harman, Kristyn (17 January 2018).
15609:
15364:
15344:
15269:Dunstan, Joseph (5 November 2019).
15135:Moses, A. Dirk (1 September 2017).
15110:
14583:
14266:. peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net
14143:Brennan, Frank (21 February 2008).
13783:. University of Sydney. 31 May 2005
13773:
13548:Arcioni, Elisa (1 September 2012).
13223:
13057:
13041:
12994:. 23 September 2011. Archived from
12940:
12876:
12757:
12497:
12402:
12390:
12247:
11923:
11911:
11678:
11619:
11046:
10522:
10498:
10308:
10296:
10245:
10151:
9696:Bringing them home education module
9462:Colonial frontier massacres – C21CH
9323:
8741:
8510:
8090:Places – Torres Strait Islands 2005
7551:
7411:
7357:
7054:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
7039:Aboriginal sites of New South Wales
6698:Aboriginal land rights in Australia
6589:Minister for Indigenous Australians
6498:1999 Australian republic referendum
6324:Australian House of Representatives
6144:
5849:, the use of illegal drugs such as
4709:, who recorded Aboriginal music in
3588:
3339:Emergency Response/Stronger Futures
3185:Australia national rugby union team
3158:Australian House of Representatives
3142:Australian House of Representatives
2955:Indigenous land rights in Australia
2429:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP)
768:(or Koorie) in New South Wales and
596:
558:'s book from the time was entitled
24:
25031:Aborigines Progressive Association
23949:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
21613:Australian Human Rights Commission
21164:Australian Human Rights Commission
21025:"Chapter 10: Indigenous education"
20912:
20821:Youth justice in Australia 2016–17
20566:Warren, Christopher (March 2014).
20526:Wahlquist, Calla (30 April 2018).
20445:. Australian Parliamentary Library
20049:Australian Human Rights Commission
19794:Simmonds, Alecia (28 April 2015).
19695:Ryan, Lyndall (30 December 2021).
19642:Australian Dictionary of Biography
18730:Australian Human Rights Commission
18688:. 23 November 2007. Archived from
18361:Australian Dictionary of Biography
17710:Maddox, Garry; AAP (29 May 2006).
17703:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00126.x
17550:"Indigenous Australian servicemen"
17547:
16861:Jeuniewic, Lexie (11 April 2022).
16699:2018 Census ethnic group summaries
16651:Australian Human Rights Commission
16374:"History of the Didgeridoo Yidaki"
16211:Heath, Jeffrey G. (20 June 2017).
16108:Guantai, Natasha (10 March 2015).
15785:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00490.x
15469:Australian Human Rights Commission
15100:"Death forms undermine promises".
15059:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00564.x
14913:Australian Dictionary of Biography
14820:Condon, Matthew (7 October 2011).
14569:Australian Human Rights Commission
14165:Australian Human Rights Commission
13802:Australian Dictionary of Biography
13151:"Aborigines want remains returned"
9743:
7049:Australian Aboriginal sacred sites
6764:South West Native Title Settlement
6219:Aborigines Progressive Association
6082:
6065:Australian Human Rights Commission
5832:
5784:
5604:
5206:actors. The documentary TV series
4517:Torres Strait Islanders § Art
4375:as a result of intermarriage with
3430:was ultimately abandoned in 2013.
3199:in Sydney, and went on to win the
2998:From Little Things Big Things Grow
2905:, which were established to guard
1488:, spears (sometimes thrown with a
1472:In terms of aquaculture, explorer
1112:and his crew on the shores of the
1014:
660:
25:
25787:
21577:
21119:
20586:Welch, Dylan (13 February 2008).
20429:from the original on 6 March 2019
19733:"Saltwater people, saltwater art"
19649:Rurenga, Declan (9 August 2017).
19402:. 19 January 2012. Archived from
18463:Murphy, Sean (17 November 2017).
18368:Mundine, Graeme (17 April 2005).
18193:McMah, Lauren (2 February 2016).
18001:. National Library of Australia.
17571:"Pila Nguru: The Spinifex People"
17342:Latimore, Jack (30 August 2021).
17030:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna (6 July 2022).
16376:. Aboriginal Arts. Archived from
16213:"Australian Aboriginal languages"
16171:Haydar, Nour (7 September 2021).
16084:. People and Place Volume 8 No 2
15972:. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
13517:. 20 October 2004. Archived from
7471:Reconciliation Australia (2021).
6878:became well known. Bands such as
5696:Council of Australian Governments
4865:Legendary Tales of the Aborigines
4477:artist Glen Namundja painting at
4432:
4347:taught only in English, and some
4185:
3239:
2877:1934 saw the first appeal to the
1816:British colonisation of Australia
1548:(pearl shells) in the northeast.
1068:History of Indigenous Australians
640:to "de-weaponise the term 'black
25728:
25713:
25698:
25683:
25668:
23413:World Invitational Hula Festival
21045:"IMAGE: Indigenous language map"
20652:Proceedings of the Royal Society
20443:"Uluru Statement: a quick guide"
20423:"Uluru Statement from the Heart"
20335:Torre, Giovanni (6 March 2022).
19770:Sentance, Nathan (26 May 2020).
19199:from the original on 5 July 2011
19179:Pratt, Angela (11 August 2003).
19140:"Places – Torres Strait Islands"
19051:from the original on 5 June 2019
19039:Pearson, Luke (10 August 2017).
18726:"Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture"
18510:National Drug Strategy 2017–2026
17304:"Language and Terminology Guide"
17222:Korff, Jens (3 December 2021a).
17144:Korff, Jens (21 January 2018a).
17009:Kelly, Paul (1 September 2010).
16733:
16192:"Healthy People Healthy Country"
16021:Gobbett, Hannah (11 July 2017).
15945:Gibson, Joel (27 October 2007).
15550:"Festival de Cannes: Ten Canoes"
15505:
14986:from the original on 30 May 2019
13654:"Australian Aboriginal cultures"
13636:
13446:German missionaries in Australia
13026:. Museum of Australian Democracy
13018:
12675:Australian Law Reform Commission
11865:
11840:
11625:
11374:Ellender & Christiansen 2001
10986:
10562:ABS: Census over/undercount 2021
10181:
9892:
9535:
8995:
8983:
7332:
7319:
7309:
7296:
7283:
7269:
7249:
7221:
7200:
7187:
7012:
6998:
6790:Prominent Indigenous Australians
6702:Indigenous treaties in Australia
6543:, and Leader of the Opposition,
6312:2010 Australian Federal Election
6153:
6005:Indigenous Australians and crime
5796:
4986:
4823:
4808:
4800:Indigenous Australian literature
4487:
4467:
4446:
4313:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory
4026:
4013:
4000:
3987:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3937:
3925:
3913:
3773:Inclusion in the national Census
3758:
3744:
3730:
3716:
3160:. She was immediately appointed
3116:was established on the steps of
3081:Aboriginal people. In 1992, the
2219:
1795:
1735:
1191:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
954:
942:
930:
25771:Indigenous peoples of Australia
25369:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
22933:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
21027:. MCEETYA. 2004. Archived from
20121:Swift, Brendan (14 June 2011).
19946:Spinney, Angela (4 July 2016).
19438:. 2 August 2019. Archived from
19164:Australian Bureau of Statistics
18851:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022
18111:10.17082/j.2205-3239.10.2016-02
17758:Maher, Louise (8 August 2013).
17713:"Canoes set Cannes jury afloat"
17417:Molecular Biology and Evolution
17327:Australian Bureau of Statistics
17013:. paulkelly.com. Archived from
16134:Harper, Fiona (15 March 2017).
15932:. Kooriweb.org. 26 January 1938
15637:
15528:"Chapter 1. Research Framework"
15370:Australian Bureau of Statistics
15350:Australian Bureau of Statistics
15324:
14871:. University of WA Publishing.
14436:
14422:Australian Bureau of Statistics
14035:Boehme, Jacob (24 April 2017).
14021:Bleakley, John William (1929).
13679:Australian Electoral Commission
13624:Australian Bureau of Statistics
13543:– via ipswich.gld.gov.au.
13532:. General Information Folio 5.
13255:
13229:Australian Bureau of Statistics
13049:. 7 August 2012. Archived from
12910:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12843:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12823:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12803:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12779:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12743:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12721:. 12 July 2005b. Archived from
12719:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12655:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12587:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12571:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12535:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12499:"2020 Summiteer Dr Kelvin Kong"
12483:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12471:Australian Bureau of Statistics
12459:Australian Bureau of Statistics
9791:
9449:
9306:
7784:
7602:
7430:Australian Bureau of Statistics
7177:
7165:
7152:
7143:
7133:
6796:Lists of Indigenous Australians
6468:Indigenous Coordination Centres
5941:and have lower completion rates
5866:abstain completely from alcohol
5567:National Basketball Association
4920:; playwright and comedy writer
4556:In terms of age and abundance,
4543:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
4112:, the name comes from the word
4054:Australian Aboriginal languages
3902:Indigenous Australians by state
3837:Australian Bureau of Statistics
3701:
3311:
3195:at the opening ceremony of the
3187:. In 2000, Aboriginal sprinter
2847:Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902
1748:'s illustrator Sidney Parkinson
1520:sheets and raised platforms in
1305:Aboriginal Australian men have
1234:Ancient Ancestral South Indians
1050:, (the latter referring to the
839:Tasmanian Aboriginal population
696:Men and boys playing a game of
231:Australian Aboriginal languages
25581:Uluru Statement from the Heart
24998:Torres Strait Island languages
24430:Federated States of Micronesia
24313:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
24004:Federated States of Micronesia
23768:Federated States of Micronesia
23523:Federated States of Micronesia
23018:Federated States of Micronesia
20851:Zaunmayr, Tom (23 July 2022).
18974:Pascoe, Bruce (1 April 2007).
18875:Australian National University
18282:Mercer, Phil (31 March 2003).
18172:McKenna, Mark (4 April 2000).
18147:McIlroy, Tom (19 April 2015).
18127:McIlroy, Tom (8 August 2013).
18092:McGregor, R. (December 2016).
17731:The Journal of British Studies
17569:Loxley, Anne (3 August 2002).
17488:Lloyd, Brian (18 March 2009).
17244:"Domestic and family violence"
17182:Korff, Jens (29 April 2019b).
16671:"Indigenous Australia: Family"
16454:Horn, Allyson (24 June 2019).
16057:Graves, Randin (2 June 2017).
15994:The Life and Death of Smallpox
15424:. Cambridge University Press.
15190:National Archives of Australia
15170:. Cambridge University Press.
15167:The Rise and Fall of Languages
14741:. National Museum of Australia
14685:. National Museum of Australia
14669:. National Museum of Australia
14467:"What is the Uluru statement?"
14323:. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne UP.
13798:"Dampier, William (1651–1715)"
13515:National Archives of Australia
13257:"About the reparations scheme"
13107:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
12677:. 28 July 2010. Archived from
10285:Uluru Statement: a quick guide
10273:Uluru Statement from the Heart
9004:; National Museum of Australia
9002:Cook's Journal: 29 April, 1770
8992:; National Museum of Australia
7685:Evans & Ørsted-Jensen 2014
7464:
6579:Indigenous voice to government
6550:Uluru Statement from the Heart
6450:Federal government initiatives
6236:Uluru Statement from the Heart
6169:Indigenous Australian politics
5738:Indigenous health in Australia
5582:Indigenous Team of the Century
4383:Torres Strait Islander peoples
4262:Traditional healers (known as
4142:Torres Strait Island languages
4136:Torres Strait Island languages
3849:Australian Aboriginal identity
3608:Australian Aboriginal identity
3436:Uluru Statement from the Heart
3409:Constitutional change proposed
1818:began with the arrival of the
541:Australian Aboriginal identity
535:Terms "Black" and "Blackfella"
447:
71:3.2% of Australia's population
13:
1:
25046:Australian Aborigines' League
25026:Aborigines Advancement League
24943:Australian Aboriginal English
22734:Culture of indigenous Oceania
21218:National Library of Australia
21175:Perche, Diana (10 May 2019).
21098:Crime and Jusstice Statistics
20748:Wright, Tony (20 July 2017).
19856:10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00106-4
19636:Moyal, Ann (21 August 2017).
19534:10.1080/14623528.2016.1120466
18705:Norman, Jane (22 July 2016).
18668:Nicol, Emily (6 March 2022).
18405:Munro, Kate L. (7 May 2020).
17950:Marcus, S (3 November 2016).
17620:. 3 June 1992. Archived from
17262:Lack, Clem Llewellyn (1963).
17202:Korff, Jens (29 July 2021b).
17169:Korff, Jens (17 July 2018b).
17121:"Kong Family – Koori doctors"
17059:Ker, Peter (23 August 2010).
16334:"History of Indigenous wages"
16231:"Aboriginal People and Place"
16194:. EnviroNorth. Archived from
15287:"Education | Closing the Gap"
15106:. No. 157. 10 July 2008.
14934:10.1126/science.292.5522.1655
14698:Collard, Sarah (5 May 2022).
14585:"Closing the Gap Report 2018"
13897:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00058-0
11963:ABC: death of Tungutalum 2009
11715:ALRC: incarceration rate 2018
11632:Partlett, David (1977–1978).
11083:Dunbar-Hall & Gibson 2000
9438:University of Newcastle 2017b
9107:Heiss & Melodie-Jane 2013
8523:Davidson & Wahlquist 2017
6935:Australian Federal Parliament
6744:Sovereign Yidindji Government
6332:Western Australian Parliament
6075:" ("The Intervention" by the
6043:Northern Territory Government
5973:
5491:accompanied them to England.
5463:Aboriginal cricket team with
4793:
4763:and other mainstream styles.
4666:Indigenous dance of Australia
4662:Indigenous music of Australia
4635:National Gallery of Australia
4613:
4501:National Gallery of Australia
4427:Australian Aboriginal culture
4210:
4120:Cross-cultural communications
4050:Australian Aboriginal English
3906:
3786:
3601:
3451:
3236:(ATSIC), was set up in 1990.
3207:was ranked world number one.
2865:
2196:1871–1969: Stolen Generations
1389:Aboriginal Australians, from
1335:Indigenous peoples of Oceania
739:
679:
674:A group of Aboriginal men in
472:
403:Australian Aboriginal English
220:Australian Aboriginal English
25086:National Reconciliation Week
24152:Oceanian legendary creatures
22927:
21563:Tatz, Colin (14 July 1999).
21158:Oscar, June (8 April 2020).
20612:Special Broadcasting Service
20459:"Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art"
19676:(2nd ed.). Crows Nest:
19631:. 4708.0 – Occasional Paper.
19522:Journal of Genocide Research
19384:Anglican Church of Australia
18858:O'Sullivan, Dominic (n.d.).
18789:(Interview). Interviewed by
18417:Special Broadcasting Service
17850:(13 October 2016): 201–206.
17404:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe
16653:. 2 May 2018. Archived from
16038:Gough, Myles (11 May 2011).
15639:"First Peoples of Australia"
15139:. ABC Religion & Ethics.
15019:Daley, Paul (15 July 2014).
14185:Australian Capital Territory
13849:Bird, Dylan (6 April 2011).
13699:National Museum of Australia
13343:Genome Biology and Evolution
13047:Special Broadcasting Service
12212:Ministers Media Centre 2019b
12200:Ministers Media Centre 2019a
11579:Ministers Media Centre 2019c
10550:ABS: population summary 2022
7345:
7034:Aboriginal deaths in custody
6583:In May 2019, Prime Minister
5900:
5702:families, children and youth
4759:as well as participating in
4736:were used across Australia.
4154:, a language related to the
4038:
3659:because he was an Aborigine.
3266:was launched in 1995 by the
3006:Queensland Council of Unions
2025:Aboriginal Protection Boards
1849:The first settlement in the
1169:has suggested habitation in
831:Group of Natives of Tasmania
788:off Northern Territory; and
619:, in an exhibition entitled
367:Mungo Man LM3 and Mungo Lady
177:Australian Capital Territory
7:
25138:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
25076:Registered Aboriginal Party
25061:National Indigenous Council
24948:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
24627:Category:Culture of Oceania
21475:; Gillin, Tim (June 2002).
21197:Tindale, Norman B. (1974).
20763:Wynne, Emma (30 May 2018).
20076:Sweeney, Dominique (2008).
19494:Richards, Jonathan (2014).
19067:. BBC News. 24 August 2015.
18873:on 19 May 2013 – via
18229:10.1080/0043824042000185757
17505:Lloyd, J (5 January 2011).
17242:Korff, Jens (16 May 2022).
16735:"The Indigenous Collection"
16603:Hugo, Graeme (March 2012).
15663:. June 2013. Archived from
14606:Closing the Gap Report 2019
14000:Blandowski, W. von (1862).
13719:"Australian Indigenous art"
13471:. un.org.au. Archived from
13135:"Aborigines Protection Act"
11540:Australian Government 2006b
10189:"Police Administration Act"
9119:Blackwell Public School n.d
6991:
6892:Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu
6616:, Associate Provost at the
6527:to consider changes to the
6496:to the Constitution in the
6488:, the then Prime Minister,
6188:
5980:2018 Closing the Gap Report
5960:Closing the Gap Report 2019
5572:Sporting teams include the
5521:, World Championships, and
5343:Indigenous Australian sport
4628:Western Desert Art Movement
4259:and looking after country.
4116:meaning "a camping place".
3626:removed from their families
3357:report into allegations of
3246:Reconciliation in Australia
2434:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty
2067:Frontier wars and massacres
1707:Torres Strait Island people
1212:population wave during the
1176:
1139:from the skeleton known as
466:Torres Strait Islander flag
356:Torres Strait Islander flag
10:
25792:
25516:Constitutional recognition
25385:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
25021:Aboriginal Medical Service
24234:Chatham Islander (Moriori
23142:Weriyeng navigation school
21701:"Indigenous Law Resources"
21375:Supplementary Figs. 7–11).
21340:10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6
20721:10.1177/1037969X1203700303
20271:. reCollections.nma.gov.au
19836:Journal of Human Evolution
18831:Quaternary Science Reviews
18390:"Mungo Lady and Mungo Man"
18316:"Modern Australian poetry"
18284:"Aborigines turn to Islam"
18065:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008
16440:Indigenous Desert Alliance
16395:"Australia's First Treaty"
16229:; Melodie-Jane, G (2013).
15902:Gerritsen, Rupert (2008).
15692:University of Hawaii Press
14080:. Sydney: John Benjamins.
13927:Blainey, Geoffrey (1980).
13877:Quaternary Science Reviews
12583:Australian National Census
12426:
11011:Aboriginal Art Online 2008
10709:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992
10176:McCallum & Waller 2012
9917:Lawford & Zillman 2016
9278:Terzon & Robinson 2018
9230:Maynard & Haskins 2016
9014:Higgins & Collard 2020
8619:ICommunity Newsletter 2012
8571:Culotta & Gibbons 2016
8283:Indigenous Desert Alliance
7582:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992
7216:A Study in Black and White
7208:Frontier History Revisited
7074:Customary law in Australia
6793:
6691:
6576:
6233:
6086:
6069:Social Justice Report 2008
6052:Little Children are Sacred
6002:
5950:courses. According to the
5904:
5886:(UQ), commissioned by the
5735:
5608:
5517:earned gold medals in the
5434:Australian Football League
5340:
5329:
5325:
5216:up to contemporary times.
5180:Special Jury Prize at the
5081:Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith
5020:
4797:
4688:Aboriginal dancers in 1981
4659:
4573:figurative style found in
4514:
4508:
4454:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4430:
4424:
4420:
4323:. The German missionaries
4296:
4277:
4214:
4139:
4047:
3852:
3846:
3705:
3605:
3354:Little Children are Sacred
3289:drafted by Prime Minister
3243:
3034:In the controversial 1971
3004:, under pressure from the
2952:
2789:
2286:Governmental organizations
2070:
1983:craniofacial anthropometry
1180:
1079:
1065:
1061:
1018:
871:
703:
625:Museum of Contemporary Art
600:
538:
458:Australian Aboriginal flag
352:Australian Aboriginal flag
29:
25747:
25660:
25503:
25358:
25268:
25165:
25006:
24928:
24910:Traditional custodianship
24770:
24722:
24674:
24603:
24521:
24498:
24417:
24376:
24206:
24185:
24104:
23941:
23859:
23836:
23755:
23712:
23696:
23614:
23591:
23510:
23469:
23460:
23382:
23256:
23153:
22986:traditions and ceremonies
22918:
22867:
22747:
22740:
22657:
22555:
22425:
22416:
22307:
22298:
22245:
22121:Intelligence and security
22047:
22038:
22006:
21911:
21902:
21837:
21779:
21770:
21681:National Indigenous Times
21598:Resources in your library
21294:: 173–179. Archived from
20755:The Sydney Morning Herald
20592:The Sydney Morning Herald
19927:Spencer, Stephen (2006).
19800:The Sydney Morning Herald
19674:The Aboriginal Tasmanians
18302:. ABC News. 13 March 2013
18264:(1): 1–22. Archived from
17980:New York University Press
17972:Marten, James A. (2002).
17957:The Sydney Morning Herald
17718:The Sydney Morning Herald
17576:The Sydney Morning Herald
17511:The Sydney Morning Herald
17348:The Sydney Morning Herald
17204:"Aboriginal prison rates"
17065:The Sydney Morning Herald
17054:. Hodder & Stoughton.
16471:Horton, David R. (1996).
15951:The Sydney Morning Herald
15254:10.1080/03007760008591767
15242:Popular Music and Society
15103:National Indigenous Times
14909:"Cook, James (1728–1779)"
14471:The Sydney Morning Herald
14444:. University of Newcastle
14373:Carmody (7 August 2013).
14055:Bottoms, Timothy (2013).
13856:The Sydney Morning Herald
13816:. University of Barcelona
13119:The Sydney Morning Herald
12416:The Sydney Morning Herald
12301:Hobbs & Williams 2018
12140:ALII: Summary report 2012
11478:National Indigenous Times
10760:WVA – 8 interesting facts
10637:AIATSIS & FATSIL 2005
9953:AIATSIS: Land Rights 2015
7749:Australians Together 2020
7255:In its submission to the
7084:Indigenous Protected Area
6774:, however, following the
6694:Native title in Australia
6462:government. In 2004, the
5731:
5686:The federal government's
5481:Australian rules football
5430:Australian rules football
5182:2006 Cannes Film Festival
4928:; and in popular fiction
4656:Music, dance and ceremony
4511:Indigenous Australian art
4393:London Missionary Society
3657:Returned Servicemens Club
3095:native title in Australia
3015:called by Prime Minister
2946:Australian tennis player
2622:Indigenous decolonization
2442:NGOs and political groups
1991:Royal Society of Tasmania
1923:
1871:colony of New South Wales
1844:Colony of South Australia
1807:people at the signing of
1591:
1586:
1583:
1439:. It was identified near
1214:Initial Upper Paleolithic
287:
282:
250:
245:
240:Australian Kriol language
209:
204:
188:
175:
162:
149:
136:
123:
110:
97:
84:
80:
75:
64:
59:
25375:Australian Frontier Wars
25081:Reconciliation Australia
24576:Northern Mariana Islands
24036:Northern Mariana Islands
23914:Northern Mariana Islands
23669:Northern Mariana Islands
23445:Festival of Pacific Arts
21126:Bininj Kunwok Dictionary
19475:Reynolds, Henry (2013).
19134:. ABC. 10 February 2009.
19016:. Melbourne: Scribe US.
18355:Mulvaney, D. J. (1990).
18018:"Failed state of health"
17787:(Submitted manuscript).
17402:Lemkin, Raphael (1944).
16491:Horton, Jessica (2015).
15906:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
15401:Evans, Nicholas (2003).
15164:Dixon, R. M. W. (1997).
14840:Connell, Rachel (1998).
14541:"Classified Advertising"
14394:Casey, Maryrose (2009).
13560:(3). Canberra: 287–315.
13382:AIATSIS; FATSIL (2005).
12349:Costa & Dunstan 2019
11254:ASO – Rabbit-Proof Fence
11194:Modern Australian poetry
11119:Common Ground: Songlines
10772:Traditional Healers 2013
10685:Bowern & Harold 2004
9881:Fogarty & Dwyer 2012
9804:NMoA – indigenous rights
7908:Munro & McLisky 2004
7673:Glynn & Jenifer 2004
7126:
6957:'s part in the landmark
6597:Second Morrison Ministry
6587:created the position of
6433:the year of its creation
6248:Under Section 41 of the
6230:Political representation
6100:intergenerational trauma
5998:
5937:Are underrepresented in
5884:University of Queensland
5825:and suicide amongst the
5529:earned a world title in
5469:Melbourne Cricket Ground
5300:The third series of the
5145:and David Gulpilil; and
5078:to cinematic audiences.
4257:kinship responsibilities
3636:government agencies and
3287:Motion of Reconciliation
3146:general election of 2016
3130:general election of 2010
2928:Albert Namatjira Gallery
2808:government agencies and
2455:Amazon Conservation Team
2187:to protest the state of
2097:Aboriginal prisoners on
2073:Australian frontier wars
2021:Protectors of Aborigines
1869:, claiming them for the
1853:was built after Captain
25427:Australian history wars
25288:Contemporary visual art
24704:Torres Strait Islanders
24541:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
23879:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
23634:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
23408:Merrie Monarch Festival
21663:. Australian Government
21446:10.1073/pnas.1323666111
21381:Huxley, Thomas (1870).
20791:10.47248/hpgg2202010001
20709:Alternative Law Journal
20659:Wilson, Ronald (1997).
20588:"Kevin Rudd says sorry"
20546:Walsh, Michael (1997),
20390:[1934] HCA 49
20349:"Torres Strait history"
20305:Tindale, Norman Barnett
20267:Thorley, Peter (2006).
19772:"Genocide in Australia"
19587:10.1111/1753-6405.12084
19424:21 October 2020 at the
19341:Indigenous Law Bulletin
19257:10.1126/science.1211177
18609:. ABC News. 5 July 2017
17916:10.1073/pnas.1211927110
17666:10.1126/science.1109792
17598:"Mabo and Native Title"
17379:Lehmann, Petra (1997).
16577:10.1073/pnas.0702928104
16218:Encyclopædia Britannica
15422:A History of Queensland
15420:Evans, Raymond (2007).
14847:Indigenous Law Bulletin
14781:[1983] HCA 21
14775:Commonwealth v Tasmania
14759:University of Newcastle
14317:Campbell, Judy (2007).
13037:PDF of original version
13024:Documenting A Democracy
11703:AIHW Youth Justice 2018
11278:Festival de Cannes 2006
11218:Festival de Cannes 2011
10721:Zuckermann; et al. 2015
10028:Rugby Hall of Fame 2007
9756:NAA Uncommon Lives 2004
9684:FOCUS Asia-Pacific 1997
8607:Aghakhanian et al. 2015
8484:Lipson & Reich 2017
8175:Allmon & Kelly 2018
8127:Art Gallery of NSW 2014
7860:ANZSOG: Karla Grant n.d
7848:NITV: Living Black 2015
7212:Our Original Aggression
6898:is commemorated on the
6784:First Peoples' Assembly
6618:University of Melbourne
6529:Australian Constitution
6275:(Democrat, 1999–2005),
6250:Australian Constitution
6017:criminal justice system
5870:Foetal alcohol syndrome
5594:Murri Rugby League Team
5553:captained Australia in
5545:captained Australia in
4850:Yirrkala bark petitions
4757:sub-genre of rock music
3874:Torres Strait Islanders
3843:Distribution and growth
3708:Demography of Australia
3670:Commonwealth v Tasmania
3665:High Court of Australia
3391:Stronger Futures policy
3169:Evonne Goolagong Cawley
3114:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
3083:High Court of Australia
2181:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
2108:University of Newcastle
2087:Waterloo Creek massacre
1998:Rockhampton, Queensland
1857:took possession of the
1376:Before European contact
1072:Prehistory of Australia
874:Torres Strait Islanders
868:Torres Strait Islanders
321:Torres Strait Islanders
36:Torres Strait Islanders
25123:Kimberley Land Council
24973:Pama–Nyungan languages
24963:Loanwords into English
24880:Religion and mythology
24833:Torres Strait Islander
24684:Aboriginal Australians
24358:Torres Strait Islander
23749:Literature of Oceania
23110:Micronesian Navigation
22515:Indigenous Australians
22016:States and territories
21589:Indigenous Australians
21541:Protsyk, Oleh (2010).
21279:Bindon, P. A. (1997).
21017:Rare Historical Photos
20892:; et al. (2015).
20511:Ministers Media Centre
20491:Ministers Media Centre
20425:. Referendum Council.
20218:Taylor, Rebe (2008) .
20100:10.25911/5D51468201AAE
19808:"Sir Douglas Nicholls"
19741:. 2014. Archived from
19386:. 2005. Archived from
19098:Ministers Media Centre
19012:Pascoe, Bruce (2018).
18993:Pascoe, Bruce (2015).
18967:10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.4
17691:Archaeology in Oceania
17600:. Australians Together
17465:"Living with the Past"
17052:Australian Place Names
16842:Jaensch, Dean (1994).
16803:"INSPIRE: Kelvin Kong"
16677:. 2004. Archived from
16512:10.22459/AH.39.2015.10
16413:Hodge, Robert (1990).
15854:Gammage, Bill (2011).
15773:Archaeology in Oceania
15764:Forum (October 2001).
15575:. Ashgate Publishing.
15534:. Terra australis 43.
15047:Archaeology in Oceania
14803:. 2014. Archived from
13761:. Australians Together
13183:. 2012. Archived from
12932:. 2008. Archived from
12863:World Vision Australia
10975:Australian Museum 2011
10963:ABC – Pilbara Rock Art
9929:AIATSIS: handback 2015
9720:Australian Museum 2004
9645:indigenous.gov.au 2013
9518:Rogers & Bain 2016
9026:Kim & Stephen 2020
8355:Malaspinas et al. 2016
8259:Tourism Australia 2020
8115:ABS: TableBuilder 2021
7896:Blak History Month n.d
7327:Rosenstock et al. 2013
7029:Aboriginal Australians
6836:
6820:
6780:Parliament of Victoria
6610:University of Canberra
6502:Australian Labor Party
6271:(Liberal, 1971–1983),
5669:2016 Australian Census
5477:toured England in 1868
5472:
5454:Australian of the Year
5452:. Goodes was also the
5364:
5351:1857 depiction of the
5100:'s 1977 mystery drama
4780:Bangarra Dance Theatre
4728:(such as the Yolngu).
4702:ceremonial observances
4689:
4681:
4547:Sydney rock engravings
4437:
4377:"Afghan" camel drivers
4274:Torres Strait Islander
4202:
4156:Pama–Nyungan languages
4072:Pama–Nyungan languages
3878:2021 Australian census
3870:Torres Strait Islander
3792:
3661:
3403:Emergency Response Act
3183:became captain of the
3154:Australian Labor Party
3068:traditional occupation
2962:Commonwealth elections
2950:
2939:
2871:
2798:Torres Strait Islander
2530:Survival International
2411:International Treaties
2189:Aboriginal land rights
2102:
2090:
2059:
2012:
1812:
1749:
1444:
1416:valley in particular.
1397:
1370:Indonesian archipelago
1264:
1117:
1108:Aboriginal people and
1091:Migration to Australia
1076:Australian archaeology
885:
834:
764:in central Australia;
745:
706:Aboriginal Australians
701:
689:
469:
313:Aboriginal Australians
301:Indigenous Australians
54:Indigenous Australians
32:Aboriginal Australians
25462:Native Title Act 1993
25397:Cummeragunja walk-off
25143:Northern Land Council
24993:Torres Strait English
24920:Torres Strait Islands
24524:and other territories
24328:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
24214:Indigenous Australian
24112:Australian Aboriginal
23862:and other territories
23617:and other territories
23504:Languages of Oceania
23105:Polynesian Navigation
23085:Torres Strait Islands
21809:Territorial evolution
21232:Levene, Mark (2005).
21066:"Why Blak not black?"
20174:10.3390/genes13122373
19986:The Rangeland Journal
19787:ICommunity Newsletter
19715:. n.d. Archived from
19655:Central Western Daily
18864:University of Waikato
18450:Balla, Paola (2021).
18392:. Mungo National Park
18335:Morris, John (2001).
17430:10.1093/molbev/msw293
16895:"Journey to handback"
16140:Australian Geographic
16052:on 12 September 2012.
15990:; Jenifer, G (2004).
15526:Ferrier, Åsa (2015).
14787:1 (1 July 1983),
14777:(Tasmanian Dams Case)
14310:10.1038/news.2011.551
14279:Burton, John (n.d.).
14203:Queensland Queensland
14014:World Digital Library
13967:"BlakLash beginnings"
13448:. Griffith University
13303:10.1073/pnas.98.2.537
13207:. n.d. Archived from
12992:Australian Geographic
12930:Aboriginal Art Online
12781:. 10 December 2010b.
11338:WDL – Blandowski 1862
11302:Screen Australia 2018
11266:Maddox & AAP 2006
10625:ABS – population 2006
8873:australia.gov.au 2016
8846:Vines & Hope 1994
8730:Torres Strait history
8720:, pp. 1034–1036.
8684:, pp. 8726–8730.
8682:Hudjashov et al. 2007
8672:, pp. 1803–1808.
8646:Rasmussen et al. 2011
8609:, pp. 1206–1215.
8396:, pp. 1655–1656.
8369:, pp. 2469–2474.
7971:Blak & Bright n.d
7959:BlakLash Creative n.d
7884:QUoT: Guidelines 2015
6949:' involvement in the
6905:While relatively few
6831:
6803:
6523:support, convened an
6347:Country Liberal Party
5905:Further information:
5759:communicable diseases
5467:(coach and captain),
5462:
5361:Blandowski expedition
5350:
5330:Further information:
5285:(2019) and TV series
5223:in the 21st century:
4908:(twice winner of the
4859:In the 20th century,
4854:Australian Parliament
4687:
4673:
4639:Torres Strait Islands
4515:Further information:
4408:Recent census figures
4397:Erub (Darnley Island)
4335:and taught the local
4325:Christian Teichelmann
4297:Further information:
4278:Further information:
4215:Further information:
4193:
4148:Torres Strait Islands
4065:Ngarrindjeri language
3780:
3675:Tasmanian dam(s) case
3647:
3399:Amnesty International
3351:, in response to the
3048:. Following the 1973
3036:Gove land rights case
3002:Queensland Government
2953:Further information:
2945:
2921:
2855:
2261:Traditional knowledge
2246:Intellectual property
2096:
2084:
2053:
2010:
1906:Erub (Darnley Island)
1803:
1743:
1544:in the southwest and
1426:
1388:
1364:Torres Strait Islands
1262:
1228:populations, such as
1181:Further information:
1103:
1030:environment, such as
905:Torres Strait Islands
883:Torres Strait Islands
881:
851:Tasmanian catastrophe
827:Robert Hawker Dowling
825:
774:Aboriginal Victorians
737:
695:
673:
455:
283:Related ethnic groups
224:Torres Strait English
25118:Central Land Council
24411:Religion in Oceania
24343:Taiwanese aborigines
23702:Languages of Oceania
22255:Cabinet of Australia
22230:Government ministers
21998:World Heritage Sites
21804:European exploration
21019:. 28 December 2015 .
20876:on 23 September 2009
20868:. Higher Education.
20824:. Cat. no. JUV 116.
20568:"Surgeon John White"
20114:on 12 February 2020.
20088:Sweeney, D. (2009).
19774:. Australian Museum.
19355:– via austlii.
19282:Read, Peter (1981).
18926:Current Anthropology
18837:(19–20): 2469–2474.
18252:Mear, Craig (2008).
17475:on 26 September 2009
17125:George Negus Tonight
16901:on 19 September 2020
16829:on 10 September 2012
16797:. 22 September 2012.
16621:on 13 November 2013.
16360:on 24 September 2020
16095:on 13 September 2009
15741:. pp. 177–192.
15454:10.2139/ssrn.2467836
14867:Connor, Liz (2016).
14862:– via austlii.
13947:"Blak History Month"
13809:Ballyn, Sue (2011).
13590:"Arthur Beetson OAM"
13491:Andrews, M. (2004).
13237:"About Living Black"
12998:on 30 November 2011.
12573:. 17 September 2013.
11608:OPMC Closing the Gap
10861:Anglican Church 2005
10484:Gardiner-Garden 2000
10428:, pp. 296, 301.
10199:on 5 September 2007.
9905:Central Land Council
8718:MacAulay et al. 2005
8343:Clarkson et al. 2017
8022:ABC Local Radio 2002
7521:Clarkson et al. 2017
7115:Slavery in Australia
7020:Civilizations portal
6984:In health services,
6900:Australian $ 50 note
6608:, Chancellor of the
6301:Malarndirri McCarthy
6279:(Labor, 2013–2016),
6119:A$ 10.7 million
5948:vocational education
5711:economic development
5648:and higher rates of
5586:Indigenous All Stars
5574:Indigenous All-Stars
5337:Recreation and sport
5273:Trisha Morton-Thomas
5084:(1976), directed by
5066:Cannes Film Festival
4932:. Leading activists
4910:Miles Franklin Award
4535:Kakadu National Park
4460:of Western Australia
4235:spirits include the
4044:Aboriginal languages
3416:federal Constitution
3318:Reconciliation Place
3262:An inquiry into the
3197:2000 Summer Olympics
3164:for Human Services.
3077:(Ayers Rock) to the
3000:"). Since 1999, the
2966:University of Sydney
2271:Water and sanitation
2185:Old Parliament House
2147:Political resistance
1979:Tasmanian Aboriginal
1918:colony of Queensland
1731:British colonisation
1236:groups, such as the
1160:Australian megafauna
859:Fanny Cochrane Smith
800:, the Arrernte, the
464:. Together with the
399:Aboriginal languages
323:of the seas between
309:British colonisation
236:Torres Strait Creole
24875:Outstation movement
24714:Western Australians
24611:indigenous currency
22905:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
22327:Gross state product
21473:Windschuttle, Keith
21437:2014PNAS..111.7248R
21332:2021Natur.596..543C
21076:on 11 November 2020
21031:on 28 November 2012
20973:"Aboriginal People"
20890:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
20703:Wood, Asmi (2012).
20224:. Wakefield Press.
19914:on 29 February 2020
19848:2003JHumE..45..203S
19719:on 25 November 2020
19612:Ross, Kate (1999).
19462:on 21 February 2019
19320:on 29 November 2012
19249:2011Sci...334...94R
19187:on 3 February 2012.
18997:. Magaballa Books.
18843:2006QSRv...25.2469O
18692:on 15 December 2008
18180:on 16 February 2012
17907:2013PNAS..110.1803P
17864:10.1038/nature18964
17856:2016Natur.538..201M
17805:10.1038/nature18299
17797:2016Natur.538..207M
17658:2005Sci...308.1034M
17652:(5724): 1034–1036.
17556:on 5 September 2016
17156:on 14 December 2018
17017:on 28 November 2011
16681:on 18 November 2000
16568:2007PNAS..104.8726H
16425:(2). Archived from
16320:on 20 February 2012
15846:, pp. 170-174.
15819:, pp. 163-165.
15493:. 1 November 2006.
15332:on 24 February 2009
14928:(5522): 1655–1656.
14629:on 26 December 2019
14545:Hobart Town Courier
14507:10.1038/nature22968
14499:2017Natur.547..306C
14155:on 2 December 2014.
14120:10.1038/nature01383
14112:2003Natur.421..837B
13889:2002QSRv...21.1061B
13705:on 14 December 2011
13566:10.22145/flr.40.3.1
13534:Flinders University
13440:Amery, Rob (n.d.).
13294:2001PNAS...98..537A
13263:on 24 November 2016
12701:on 20 February 2008
12681:on 28 February 2019
12473:. 21 January 2005a.
12188:Nunn & Mao 2019
10939:Parks Australia (2)
10927:Parks Australia (1)
10915:Culture Portal 2007
9833:NMoA – Freedom Ride
9488:, pp. 121–134.
9425:, pp. 147–161.
9208:, pp. 182–185.
9082:, pp. 132–153.
9067:, pp. 177–179.
8708:, pp. 367–381.
8696:, pp. 281–302.
8670:Manfred et al. 2013
8636:, pp. 297–305.
8469:Mallick et al. 2016
8442:Mungo National Park
8408:, pp. 203–217.
8384:, pp. 537–542.
8357:, pp. 207–214.
8345:, pp. 306–310.
8297:, pp. 122–138.
8189:, pp. 329–349.
8163:Reef Catchments n.d
7798:Hobart Town Courier
7675:, pp. 145–146.
7069:Australo-Melanesian
6776:2018 state election
6736:Murrawarri Republic
6682:Galarrwuy Yunupingu
6680:, Peter Yu, and Dr
6612:, and Professor Dr
6355:Hyacinth Tungutalum
6112:Aboriginal identity
5775:respiratory disease
5717:justice (including
5680:age standardisation
5600:Contemporary issues
5565:have played in the
5031:Cinema of Australia
4978:Film and television
4948:Up From the Mission
4602:Hermannsburg School
4496:Aboriginal Memorial
4206:Traditional beliefs
4164:Trans-Fly languages
4080:Gulf of Carpentaria
3825:self-identification
3458:
3050:Woodward commission
2647:Uncontacted peoples
2637:Settler colonialism
1972:Aboriginal trackers
1713:buildings on stilts
1635:Northern Territory
1580:
1573:Gulf of Carpentaria
1510:Atherton Tablelands
1484:. Weapons included
1167:Luminescence dating
1145:Mungo National Park
1122:Luminescence dating
847:last glacial period
651:'s song and album,
478:Aboriginal people.
358:have been official
56:
25646:Indigenous peoples
25568:Stolen Generations
25558:Self-determination
25478:Stolen Generations
25412:Historical figures
25392:Caledon Bay crisis
25215:Fire-stick farming
25128:Maralinga Tjarutja
24747:Performing artists
23221:Polynesian sailing
22645:Australian studies
22580:Australian English
22389:Telecommunications
22225:Government leaders
22168:Political ideology
21695:. 15 January 2018.
21615:. 31 October 2023.
21571:on 7 January 2008.
21107:on 11 October 2010
20997:AIATSIS Collection
20965:on 4 January 2020.
20953:on 4 January 2020.
20385:Tuckiar v The King
19738:Art Gallery of NSW
19709:"Saltwater people"
19442:on 15 January 2020
18816:. 3 November 2016a
18787:"Saltwater People"
18653:. pp. 15–19.
18568:– via Trove.
18522:on 16 January 2020
18486:10.1002/ajpa.22886
18445:on 21 August 2006.
18344:Aboriginal History
18159:on 24 October 2018
18153:The Canberra Times
18133:The Canberra Times
18104:. Brisbane: 9–21.
17533:. pp. 65–81.
17469:FOCUS Asia-Pacific
17329:. 23 November 2012
16915:"Kakadu: Rock art"
16881:on 18 January 2012
16657:on 30 October 2018
16498:Aboriginal History
16300:. AAP. 26 May 2019
15889:on 7 February 2012
15837:, p. 168-169.
15828:, p. 166-167.
15718:. Future Leaders.
15554:Festival de Cannes
15293:on 30 October 2018
14591:on 30 October 2018
14381:on 2 February 2017
14197:Northern Territory
13987:Blandowski, W. von
13951:Blak History Month
13883:(8–9): 1061–1075.
13745:on 29 January 2017
13606:on 20 January 2012
13554:Federal Law Review
13356:10.1093/gbe/evv065
13156:The Canberra Times
13089:on 6 February 2021
13065:on 13 January 2014
12461:. 25 January 2002.
12362:The Canberra Times
11567:d'Abbs et al. 2019
11073:, pp. 93–101.
10511:ABS tech note 2018
10390:Greg Gardiner 2002
10016:Arthur Beetson OAM
9520:, pp. 83–100.
8694:Kayser et al. 2003
8634:McEvoy et al. 2010
8595:Taufik et al. 2022
8382:Adcock et al. 2001
8012:, pp. 77–106.
7509:Bowler et al. 2003
7263:Bringing Them Home
7257:Bringing Them Home
7228:Bringing them Home
7120:Welcome to Country
6979:Oodgeroo Noonuccal
6847:. Others, such as
6837:
6821:
6755:Treaty of Waitangi
6634:Marcia Ella-Duncan
6519:(2010–2013), with
6517:Gillard government
6421:Northern Territory
6297:Northern Territory
6096:Stolen Generations
6057:anecdotal evidence
6024:stolen generations
5880:longitudinal study
5827:Stolen Generations
5654:imprisonment rates
5617:Stolen Generations
5590:NSW Koori Knockout
5523:Commonwealth Games
5473:
5365:
5231:(with her company
5152:Rabbit-Proof Fence
4972:Northern Territory
4918:Melissa Lucashenko
4869:Oodgeroo Noonuccal
4690:
4682:
4539:Northern Territory
4373:followers of Islam
4359:Aboriginal peoples
4353:Stolen Generations
4349:Christian missions
4341:their own language
4293:After colonisation
4203:
4162:: a member of the
4126:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
3793:
3628:by the Australian
3622:self-determination
3594:centred along the
3456:
3330:Stolen Generations
3328:to members of the
3272:Bringing Them Home
3268:Keating government
3264:Stolen Generations
2982:Wave Hill walk-off
2951:
2940:
2872:
2820:Early 20th century
2792:Stolen Generations
2595:Discovery doctrine
2580:Civilizing mission
2398:BBNJ ABS Committee
2103:
2091:
2060:
2017:Acts of Parliament
2013:
1985:. The skeleton of
1977:During the 1860s,
1851:Northern Territory
1813:
1750:
1621:Western Australia
1578:
1540:in the southeast,
1467:Dr. Norman Tindale
1445:
1398:
1313:– whose subclades
1265:
1242:East Asian peoples
1118:
1110:Captain James Cook
1096:Aboriginal peoples
925:of 1992 involved.
914:was from "Mer" or
886:
835:
758:Northern Territory
746:
702:
690:
676:possum-skin cloaks
568:African immigrants
498:Aboriginal peoples
470:
441:Bringing Them Home
428:frontier conflicts
379:fire-stick farming
360:flags of Australia
216:Australian English
125:Northern Territory
50:
25758:
25757:
25742:
25741:
25612:
25611:
25495:Western Australia
25230:Possum-skin cloak
25161:
25160:
25153:Tiwi Land Council
24988:Taboo on the dead
24953:Australian Creole
24694:Aboriginal groups
24634:
24633:
24599:
24598:
24591:Wallis and Futuna
24499:Associated states
24096:Wallis and Futuna
23937:
23936:
23929:Wallis and Futuna
23837:Associated states
23708:
23707:
23692:
23691:
23684:Wallis and Futuna
23592:Associated states
23440:Pacific Community
23428:Pasifika Festival
23161:Aboriginal dugout
23100:Wallis and Futuna
22700:
22699:
22653:
22652:
22475:Human trafficking
22412:
22411:
22294:
22293:
22094:Foreign relations
22034:
22033:
21898:
21897:
21845:Asian Australians
21661:Indigenous.gov.au
21584:Library resources
21431:(20): 7248–7253.
21326:(7873): 543–547.
21245:978-1-84511-057-4
20906:on 30 March 2016.
20835:978-1-76054-339-6
20812:indigenous.gov.au
20642:978-0-9803874-1-4
20327:978-0-708-10741-6
20259:978-0-521-80789-0
20231:978-1-862-54798-8
20150:on 27 March 2020.
20068:978-0-6485071-2-3
20029:Australian Museum
20010:Australian Museum
19938:978-1-134-26639-5
19895:978-1-877043-40-6
19687:978-1-86373-965-8
19678:Allen & Unwin
19298:978-0-646-46221-9
19126:on 14 April 2011.
19087:– via NIAA.
19023:978-1-947534-08-7
18785:(23 April 2013).
18216:World Archaeology
17989:978-0-8147-5667-6
17791:(7624): 207–214.
17394:978-90-420-0151-0
16675:Australian Museum
16562:(21): 8726–8730.
16086:Monash University
16009:978-0-521-84542-7
15979:978-0-7139-1112-1
15913:978-1-4073-0354-3
15865:978-1-74237-748-3
15748:978-1-921-31344-8
15582:978-0-7546-4072-1
15569:Fiona, R (2007).
15500:978-1-74024-620-0
15431:978-0-521-87692-6
15412:978-0-85883-538-2
15177:978-0-521-62654-5
14619:978-1-925363-84-5
14493:(7663): 306–310.
14424:. 31 October 2017
14409:978-0-230-23694-3
14330:978-0-522-84939-4
14254:978-1-741-76554-0
14245:Allen & Unwin
14227:Western Australia
14106:(6925): 837–840.
14087:978-90-272-4761-2
13971:BlakLash Creative
13796:Bach, J. (1966).
13658:Tourism Australia
13502:978-1-876756-45-1
13493:The Seven Sisters
13464:(February 2010).
13211:on 3 October 2020
13205:Blak & Bright
13201:"About + Contact"
13181:Stand for Freedom
12974:. 26 January 2015
12955:978-1-86450-114-8
12936:on 22 April 2011.
12589:. 17 October 2018
11242:ASO – The Tracker
11085:, pp. 45–73.
10827:, pp. 65–81.
10774:, pp. 15–19.
10574:ABS increase 2018
10335:, pp. 33–34.
10259:Stand for Freedom
10178:, pp. 33–34.
9780:Kooriweb.org 1938
9633:Darian-Smith 2017
9609:, pp. 1–208.
8887:, pp. 69–75.
8754:David et al. 2004
8706:Nagle et al. 2015
8648:, pp. 94–98.
8561:, pp. 71–93.
8559:Carey et al. 2018
8418:Australian Museum
8406:Smith et al. 2003
8367:Olley et al. 2006
8151:Smyth et al. 2004
7397:Style Manual 2021
7162:, pp. 140ff.
6829:
6768:Western Australia
6724:Mabo v Queensland
6630:Josephine Cashman
6595:portfolio in the
6479:Maori electorates
6464:Howard government
6283:(2014–2017, 2019–
6265:Australian Senate
6186:
6185:
6181:
6079:) that followed.
6077:Howard government
6034:, in particular,
5894:, in NT in 2005.
5767:hepatitis C virus
5596:in rugby league.
5578:Flying Boomerangs
5424:in south-western
5396:people. Known as
5355:(Nyeri Nyeri) at
5209:Blue Water Empire
5204:Papua New Guinean
5178:Un Certain Regard
5162:of the 2006 film
5141:(2002), starring
5123:(1996) featuring
5019:
5018:
5014:
4939:First Australians
4893:were recognised.
4600:paintings of the
4570:Upper Paleolithic
4366:John Bede Polding
4303:Christianity and
4096:language family.
3858:Australian census
3832:Australian Census
3814:Pacific Islanders
3586:
3585:
3276:Howard government
3227:uncontacted tribe
3106:Australian Senate
3058:Fraser government
2986:Wave Hill Station
2914:Late 20th century
2907:Australia's North
2884:Aboriginal rights
2788:
2787:
2642:Truth commissions
2570:Aboriginal titles
2485:Cultural Survival
2403:Indigenous Caucus
2213:Indigenous rights
1840:Western Australia
1719:structures using
1704:
1703:
1589:population share
1538:possum-skin cloak
1441:Mildura, Victoria
1395:Universal History
1381:Aboriginal people
1307:Haplogroup C-M347
1238:Andamanese people
1137:mitochondrial DNA
1116:, New South Wales
1114:Kurnell Peninsula
1056:Western Australia
1040:rainforest people
1036:freshwater people
810:Central Australia
666:Aboriginal groups
564:Robert Jabanungga
298:
297:
222:, small minority
200:
199:
112:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
25783:
25732:
25717:
25702:
25687:
25672:
25663:
25662:
25639:
25632:
25625:
25616:
25615:
25106:
25105:
24938:Avoidance speech
24900:Smoking ceremony
24661:
24654:
24647:
24638:
24637:
24581:Pitcairn Islands
24551:French Polynesia
24536:Christmas Island
24465:Papua New Guinea
24445:Marshall Islands
24418:Sovereign states
24404:
24397:
24390:
24381:
24380:
24298:Norfolk Islander
24243:Fijian (iTaukei)
24046:Papua New Guinea
23919:Pitcairn Islands
23889:French Polynesia
23874:Christmas Island
23803:Papua New Guinea
23783:Marshall Islands
23756:Sovereign states
23742:
23735:
23728:
23719:
23718:
23674:Pitcairn Islands
23644:French Polynesia
23629:Christmas Island
23558:Papua New Guinea
23538:Marshall Islands
23511:Sovereign states
23497:
23490:
23483:
23474:
23473:
23467:
23466:
23452:Papua New Guinea
23115:Marshall Islands
23065:Pitcairn Islands
23060:Papua New Guinea
23000:Lomilomi massage
22946:Caroline Islands
22819:Papua New Guinea
22727:
22720:
22713:
22704:
22703:
22680:
22673:
22666:
22542:Waste management
22423:
22422:
22344:Household income
22305:
22304:
22267:Governor-General
22077:Electoral system
22045:
22044:
21909:
21908:
21777:
21776:
21753:
21746:
21739:
21730:
21729:
21725:
21723:
21721:
21704:
21696:
21684:
21672:
21670:
21668:
21652:
21650:
21648:
21636:
21634:
21632:
21623:. Archived from
21616:
21572:
21559:
21547:
21537:
21535:
21533:
21528:on 24 March 2016
21527:
21521:. Archived from
21510:
21494:
21493:on 29 July 2013.
21489:. Archived from
21468:
21458:
21448:
21420:
21410:
21377:
21359:
21310:
21308:
21306:
21300:
21285:
21273:Journal articles
21268:
21249:
21221:
21211:
21209:
21203:
21193:
21191:
21189:
21182:The Conversation
21171:
21154:
21152:
21150:
21137:
21135:
21133:
21116:
21114:
21112:
21106:
21095:
21085:
21083:
21081:
21072:. Archived from
21060:
21052:
21040:
21038:
21036:
21020:
21008:
21006:
21004:
20988:
20986:
20984:
20966:
20961:. Archived from
20954:
20949:. Archived from
20941:
20939:
20937:
20932:on 12 March 2022
20907:
20905:
20898:
20885:
20883:
20881:
20872:. Archived from
20860:
20847:
20815:
20803:
20793:
20768:
20759:
20744:
20742:
20740:
20735:on 19 March 2021
20731:. Archived from
20699:
20697:
20695:
20690:on 21 March 2020
20686:. Archived from
20674:
20655:
20646:
20634:
20622:
20620:
20618:
20602:
20600:
20598:
20582:
20572:
20562:
20542:
20540:
20538:
20522:
20520:
20518:
20502:
20500:
20498:
20482:
20473:
20471:
20469:
20454:
20452:
20450:
20438:
20436:
20434:
20418:
20416:
20414:
20401:
20395:
20379:
20377:
20375:
20369:australianscreen
20360:
20358:
20356:
20344:
20331:
20315:
20300:
20298:
20296:
20280:
20278:
20276:
20263:
20244:
20235:
20214:
20204:
20186:
20176:
20151:
20139:
20137:
20135:
20115:
20110:. Archived from
20083:
20072:
20052:
20040:
20038:
20036:
20020:
20018:
20016:
20001:
19980:
19978:
19976:
19964:
19962:
19960:
19953:The Conversation
19942:
19923:
19921:
19919:
19910:. Archived from
19899:
19887:
19875:
19833:
19823:
19821:
19819:
19814:on 26 March 2021
19803:
19790:
19784:
19775:
19766:
19763:Screen Australia
19754:
19752:
19750:
19728:
19726:
19724:
19704:
19691:
19665:
19663:
19661:
19645:
19632:
19620:
19608:
19598:
19565:
19563:
19561:
19545:
19516:
19500:
19490:
19471:
19469:
19467:
19451:
19449:
19447:
19415:
19413:
19411:
19391:
19390:on 16 June 2005.
19375:
19373:
19371:
19365:
19356:
19354:
19352:
19338:
19329:
19327:
19325:
19309:
19308:on 9 April 2012.
19307:
19301:. Archived from
19290:
19278:
19268:
19227:
19225:
19223:
19217:australianscreen
19208:
19206:
19204:
19188:
19175:
19173:
19171:
19155:
19153:
19151:
19135:
19127:
19125:
19118:
19109:
19107:
19105:
19088:
19086:
19084:
19078:
19068:
19060:
19058:
19056:
19035:
19008:
18989:
18970:
18949:
18920:
18918:
18916:
18900:
18898:
18896:
18889:The Conversation
18878:
18872:
18866:. Archived from
18854:
18825:
18823:
18821:
18805:
18803:
18801:
18778:
18776:
18774:
18758:
18756:
18754:
18741:
18739:
18737:
18732:. 21 August 2014
18721:
18719:
18717:
18701:
18699:
18697:
18677:
18664:
18639:
18618:
18616:
18614:
18602:
18600:
18598:
18582:
18569:
18567:
18565:
18547:
18545:
18543:
18531:
18529:
18527:
18521:
18514:
18505:
18468:
18459:
18456:Paradise Journal
18446:
18444:
18437:
18427:
18425:
18423:
18401:
18399:
18397:
18385:
18383:
18381:
18364:
18351:
18341:
18331:
18329:
18327:
18311:
18309:
18307:
18295:
18293:
18291:
18278:
18269:
18268:on 6 April 2012.
18248:
18209:
18207:
18205:
18189:
18187:
18185:
18168:
18166:
18164:
18155:. Archived from
18143:
18141:
18139:
18123:
18113:
18086:
18076:
18043:
18012:
17993:
17968:
17966:
17964:
17946:
17938:
17928:
17918:
17901:(5): 1803–1808.
17885:
17875:
17834:
17816:
17775:
17773:
17771:
17764:666 ABC Canberra
17754:
17725:
17715:
17706:
17685:
17643:
17633:
17631:
17629:
17624:on 5 August 2012
17609:
17607:
17605:
17593:
17580:
17565:
17563:
17561:
17544:
17521:
17519:
17517:
17501:
17499:
17497:
17484:
17482:
17480:
17460:
17450:
17432:
17407:
17398:
17375:
17373:
17371:
17358:
17356:
17354:
17338:
17336:
17334:
17318:
17316:
17314:
17308:
17299:
17297:
17295:
17283:
17258:
17256:
17254:
17248:Creative Spirits
17238:
17236:
17234:
17228:Creative Spirits
17218:
17216:
17214:
17208:Creative Spirits
17198:
17196:
17194:
17188:Creative Spirits
17178:
17175:Creative Spirits
17165:
17163:
17161:
17152:. Archived from
17150:Creative Spirits
17140:
17138:
17136:
17116:
17097:
17095:
17093:
17088:on 17 March 2010
17084:. Archived from
17068:
17055:
17046:
17044:
17042:
17026:
17024:
17022:
17005:
16995:
16962:
16949:
16947:
16945:
16929:
16927:
16925:
16910:
16908:
16906:
16890:
16888:
16886:
16870:
16857:
16838:
16836:
16834:
16818:
16816:
16814:
16798:
16786:
16784:
16782:
16770:
16768:
16766:
16761:on 19 March 2020
16750:
16748:
16746:
16730:
16728:
16726:
16710:
16708:
16706:
16690:
16688:
16686:
16666:
16664:
16662:
16642:
16640:
16638:
16622:
16620:
16614:. Archived from
16609:
16599:
16589:
16579:
16546:
16544:
16542:
16524:
16514:
16487:
16485:
16483:
16467:
16465:
16463:
16450:
16448:
16446:
16430:
16429:on 21 July 2012.
16409:
16407:
16405:
16389:
16387:
16385:
16369:
16367:
16365:
16349:
16347:
16345:
16329:
16327:
16325:
16309:
16307:
16305:
16289:
16277:
16266:
16264:
16262:
16246:
16244:
16242:
16237:. City of Sydney
16222:
16207:
16205:
16203:
16187:
16185:
16183:
16167:
16165:
16163:
16150:
16148:
16146:
16130:
16127:The Conversation
16117:
16104:
16102:
16100:
16094:
16088:. Archived from
16083:
16073:
16071:
16069:
16053:
16048:. Archived from
16034:
16032:
16030:
16017:
16014:Internet Archive
15997:
15983:
15961:
15959:
15957:
15941:
15939:
15937:
15925:
15898:
15896:
15894:
15877:
15847:
15838:
15829:
15820:
15811:
15795:
15793:
15787:. Archived from
15770:
15760:
15729:
15717:
15705:
15684:Flood, Josephine
15679:
15677:
15675:
15670:on 21 March 2019
15669:
15662:
15653:
15651:
15649:
15634:
15626:
15624:
15622:
15617:. 29 August 2010
15606:
15604:
15602:
15586:
15565:
15563:
15561:
15545:
15544:– via ANU.
15522:
15509:
15504:
15480:
15478:
15476:
15466:
15457:
15447:
15435:
15416:
15397:
15395:
15393:
15388:. Ethnologue.com
15381:
15379:
15377:
15361:
15359:
15357:
15341:
15339:
15337:
15321:
15302:
15300:
15298:
15282:
15280:
15278:
15265:
15236:
15234:
15232:
15222:"'The Dreaming'"
15217:
15215:
15213:
15197:
15192:. Archived from
15181:
15160:
15158:
15156:
15151:. 9 January 2018
15140:
15131:
15129:
15127:
15107:
15096:
15094:
15092:
15086:australianscreen
15077:
15062:
15041:
15038:The Conversation
15028:
15015:
15013:
15011:
14995:
14993:
14991:
14980:Newcastle Herald
14970:
14968:
14966:
14953:
14916:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14882:
14863:
14861:
14859:
14836:
14834:
14832:
14826:The Courier Mail
14816:
14814:
14812:
14807:on 24 April 2015
14792:
14769:
14767:
14765:
14750:
14748:
14746:
14734:
14732:
14730:
14714:
14712:
14710:
14694:
14692:
14690:
14678:
14676:
14674:
14662:
14660:
14658:
14642:
14636:
14634:
14628:
14622:. Archived from
14611:
14600:
14598:
14596:
14580:
14578:
14576:
14560:
14554:
14552:
14536:
14518:
14481:
14479:
14477:
14461:
14453:
14451:
14449:
14433:
14431:
14429:
14413:
14390:
14388:
14386:
14369:
14359:
14334:
14313:
14296:
14294:
14292:
14275:
14273:
14271:
14258:
14180:
14178:
14176:
14167:. Archived from
14156:
14151:. Archived from
14139:
14091:
14070:
14051:
14049:
14047:
14031:
14029:
14017:
14011:
14009:
14004:. Gustav Neumann
13996:
13982:
13980:
13978:
13962:
13960:
13958:
13942:
13923:
13921:
13919:
13904:
13867:
13865:
13863:
13845:
13843:
13841:
13835:The Conversation
13825:
13823:
13821:
13815:
13805:
13792:
13790:
13788:
13770:
13768:
13766:
13754:
13752:
13750:
13734:
13732:
13730:
13725:on 16 April 2010
13714:
13712:
13710:
13701:. Archived from
13690:
13688:
13686:
13669:
13667:
13665:
13640:
13635:
13633:
13631:
13615:
13613:
13611:
13605:
13599:. Archived from
13594:
13585:
13544:
13542:
13540:
13531:
13522:
13506:
13487:
13485:
13483:
13478:on 20 April 2013
13477:
13470:
13457:
13455:
13453:
13436:
13431:
13429:
13411:
13410:on 6 March 2020.
13409:
13403:. Archived from
13388:
13378:
13368:
13358:
13349:(5): 1206–1215.
13333:
13323:
13305:
13272:
13270:
13268:
13252:
13250:
13248:
13232:
13220:
13218:
13216:
13196:
13194:
13192:
13187:on 13 April 2012
13172:
13166:
13164:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13130:
13128:
13126:
13121:. 5 January 2003
13110:
13098:
13096:
13094:
13085:. Archived from
13074:
13072:
13070:
13054:
13035:
13033:
13031:
13015:
13013:
13011:
12999:
12983:
12981:
12979:
12963:
12960:Internet Archive
12947:
12937:
12921:
12919:
12917:
12901:
12899:
12897:
12881:
12873:
12871:
12869:
12854:
12852:
12850:
12834:
12832:
12830:
12814:
12812:
12810:
12794:
12792:
12790:
12770:
12768:
12766:
12754:
12752:
12750:
12734:
12732:
12730:
12710:
12708:
12706:
12690:
12688:
12686:
12666:
12664:
12662:
12646:
12644:
12642:
12630:
12628:
12626:
12614:
12612:
12610:
12598:
12596:
12594:
12574:
12562:
12560:
12558:
12546:
12544:
12542:
12537:. 10 August 2021
12526:
12518:
12516:
12514:
12509:on 20 March 2008
12494:
12492:
12490:
12485:. 21 April 2004b
12474:
12462:
12450:
12448:
12446:
12421:
12412:
12406:
12400:
12394:
12388:
12382:
12373:
12367:
12358:
12352:
12346:
12340:
12334:
12328:
12322:
12316:
12310:
12304:
12298:
12292:
12286:
12280:
12274:
12268:
12262:
12251:
12245:
12239:
12233:
12227:
12221:
12215:
12209:
12203:
12197:
12191:
12185:
12179:
12173:
12167:
12161:
12155:
12149:
12143:
12137:
12131:
12125:
12119:
12110:
12104:
12098:
12092:
12086:
12080:
12074:
12068:
12062:
12053:
12047:
12041:
12035:
12029:
12023:
12017:
12011:
12005:
11999:
11993:
11987:
11981:
11972:
11966:
11960:
11954:
11948:
11939:
11933:
11927:
11921:
11915:
11909:
11903:
11900:Chrysanthos 2019
11897:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11869:
11863:
11862:
11860:
11858:
11844:
11838:
11832:
11826:
11820:
11814:
11808:
11802:
11796:
11790:
11784:
11778:
11772:
11766:
11760:
11754:
11748:
11742:
11736:
11730:
11724:
11718:
11712:
11706:
11700:
11694:
11688:
11682:
11676:
11670:
11664:
11658:
11652:
11646:
11645:
11629:
11623:
11617:
11611:
11605:
11599:
11593:
11582:
11576:
11570:
11564:
11555:
11549:
11543:
11537:
11531:
11525:
11519:
11513:
11507:
11501:
11495:
11489:
11483:
11474:
11468:
11462:
11449:
11443:
11437:
11434:ABS 1301.0 2005a
11431:
11422:
11416:
11410:
11404:
11389:
11383:
11377:
11371:
11365:
11359:
11353:
11347:
11341:
11335:
11329:
11323:
11317:
11311:
11305:
11299:
11293:
11287:
11281:
11275:
11269:
11263:
11257:
11251:
11245:
11239:
11233:
11230:ASO – Dead Heart
11227:
11221:
11215:
11209:
11203:
11197:
11191:
11185:
11179:
11173:
11167:
11161:
11155:
11149:
11140:
11134:
11128:
11122:
11116:
11110:
11104:
11098:
11092:
11086:
11080:
11074:
11068:
11062:
11056:
11050:
11044:
11038:
11032:
11026:
11020:
11014:
11008:
11002:
10996:
10990:
10984:
10978:
10972:
10966:
10960:
10954:
10948:
10942:
10936:
10930:
10924:
10918:
10912:
10903:
10900:ABS 4713.0 2010a
10897:
10891:
10885:
10876:
10870:
10864:
10858:
10852:
10846:
10840:
10834:
10828:
10822:
10816:
10810:
10799:
10793:
10787:
10781:
10775:
10769:
10763:
10757:
10748:
10742:
10736:
10730:
10724:
10718:
10712:
10706:
10700:
10694:
10688:
10682:
10676:
10670:
10664:
10658:
10652:
10646:
10640:
10634:
10628:
10622:
10616:
10610:
10601:
10595:
10589:
10583:
10577:
10571:
10565:
10559:
10553:
10547:
10541:
10538:Kelsey-Sugg 2022
10535:
10526:
10520:
10514:
10508:
10502:
10496:
10487:
10481:
10475:
10469:
10463:
10457:
10444:
10438:
10429:
10423:
10417:
10411:
10405:
10399:
10393:
10387:
10378:
10372:
10363:
10357:
10348:
10342:
10336:
10330:
10324:
10318:
10312:
10306:
10300:
10294:
10288:
10282:
10276:
10270:
10264:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10237:
10231:
10225:
10219:
10213:
10207:
10201:
10200:
10195:. Archived from
10185:
10179:
10173:
10167:
10161:
10155:
10149:
10140:
10134:
10128:
10122:
10116:
10110:
10097:
10091:
10082:
10076:
10067:
10061:
10055:
10049:
10043:
10037:
10031:
10025:
10019:
10013:
10007:
10001:
9995:
9989:
9983:
9977:
9971:
9965:
9956:
9950:
9944:
9938:
9932:
9926:
9920:
9914:
9908:
9902:
9896:
9890:
9884:
9878:
9872:
9866:
9860:
9854:
9848:
9842:
9836:
9830:
9824:
9821:AEC – milestones
9818:
9807:
9801:
9795:
9789:
9783:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9747:
9741:
9735:
9729:
9723:
9717:
9711:
9705:
9699:
9693:
9687:
9681:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9654:
9648:
9642:
9636:
9630:
9624:
9616:
9610:
9600:
9594:
9588:
9579:
9573:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9553:
9539:
9533:
9527:
9521:
9507:
9501:
9495:
9489:
9483:
9477:
9471:
9465:
9459:
9453:
9447:
9441:
9435:
9426:
9420:
9414:
9405:
9399:
9393:
9387:
9381:
9375:
9369:
9363:
9357:
9351:
9345:
9339:
9333:
9327:
9321:
9310:
9304:
9293:
9287:
9281:
9275:
9269:
9263:
9257:
9251:
9245:
9239:
9233:
9227:
9221:
9215:
9209:
9203:
9197:
9188:
9182:
9181:, pp. 79ff.
9176:
9170:
9164:
9158:
9152:
9146:
9145:, pp. 1–22.
9140:
9134:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9110:
9104:
9098:
9092:
9083:
9077:
9068:
9062:
9056:
9050:
9044:
9038:
9029:
9023:
9017:
9011:
9005:
8999:
8993:
8987:
8981:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8954:
8948:
8942:
8936:
8930:
8924:
8915:
8909:
8900:
8894:
8888:
8882:
8876:
8870:
8864:
8855:
8849:
8843:
8837:
8831:
8825:
8819:
8813:
8807:
8798:
8792:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8763:
8757:
8751:
8745:
8739:
8733:
8727:
8721:
8715:
8709:
8703:
8697:
8691:
8685:
8679:
8673:
8667:
8661:
8655:
8649:
8643:
8637:
8631:
8622:
8616:
8610:
8604:
8598:
8592:
8586:
8580:
8574:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8550:
8547:Bird et al. 2002
8544:
8538:
8532:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8508:
8502:
8496:
8487:
8481:
8472:
8466:
8457:
8451:
8445:
8439:
8433:
8427:
8421:
8415:
8409:
8403:
8397:
8391:
8385:
8379:
8370:
8364:
8358:
8352:
8346:
8340:
8334:
8328:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8292:
8286:
8280:
8274:
8268:
8262:
8256:
8250:
8244:
8238:
8232:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8148:
8142:
8136:
8130:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8093:
8087:
8076:
8070:
8064:
8058:
8052:
8046:
8037:
8031:
8025:
8019:
8013:
8007:
7998:
7992:
7986:
7980:
7974:
7968:
7962:
7956:
7950:
7944:
7938:
7932:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7899:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7809:
7803:
7794:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7758:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7734:
7728:
7722:
7716:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7670:
7661:
7655:
7649:
7643:
7634:
7633:, pp. 1–21.
7628:
7619:
7618:
7615:The Conversation
7606:
7600:
7594:
7585:
7579:
7570:
7564:
7555:
7549:
7536:
7530:
7524:
7518:
7512:
7506:
7497:
7491:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7468:
7462:
7456:
7435:
7434:
7421:
7415:
7409:
7400:
7394:
7388:
7382:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7355:
7339:
7336:
7330:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7300:
7294:
7287:
7281:
7273:
7267:
7260:to 350 in 1976"
7253:
7247:
7240:Appendix 1.2 ACT
7236:Appendix 1.1 NSW
7225:
7219:
7204:
7198:
7191:
7185:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7163:
7156:
7150:
7147:
7141:
7137:
7091:, media platform
7022:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7008:
7006:Australia portal
7003:
7002:
7001:
6969:, and academics
6939:Douglas Nicholls
6864:Albert Namatjira
6830:
6813:Australian flags
6678:Tony Wurramarrba
6607:
6555:standing ovation
6541:Malcolm Turnbull
6486:federal election
6481:in New Zealand.
6402:Marion Scrymgour
6386:Douglas Nicholls
6365:) parliament. A
6177:
6157:
6156:
6149:
6145:Political issues
6120:
6047:Board of Inquiry
6032:victims of crime
5939:higher education
5650:infant mortality
5505:player, with 14
5499:Evonne Goolagong
5489:Charles Lawrence
5420:people, and the
5310:, co-written by
5245:Warwick Thornton
5233:Blackfella Films
5214:pre-colonial era
5010:
4990:
4989:
4982:
4827:
4812:
4650:Elizabeth Durack
4648:(1875–1963) and
4646:Margaret Preston
4621:Albert Namatjira
4618:
4615:
4604:and the acrylic
4529:listed sites at
4491:
4471:
4458:Kimberley region
4450:
4387:From the 1870s,
4321:language revival
4305:European culture
4030:
4017:
4004:
3991:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3941:
3929:
3917:
3801:Attorney-General
3791:
3788:
3762:
3748:
3734:
3720:
3687:Gibbs v Capewell
3589:Pre-colonisation
3459:
3455:
3424:Section 51(xxvi)
3363:welfare payments
3304:issued a formal
3126:Douglas Nicholls
3118:Parliament House
3025:section 51(xxvi)
2978:Vincent Lingiari
2948:Evonne Goolagong
2924:Albert Namatjira
2890:was marked as a
2870:
2867:
2843:British subjects
2780:
2773:
2766:
2754:
2708:Papua New Guinea
2236:Ancestral domain
2223:
2200:
2199:
2032:Pacific Islander
1842:(1826), and the
1677:South Australia
1649:New South Wales
1584:State/territory
1581:
1577:
1406:hunter-gatherers
1331:Native Americans
1250:Native Americans
1240:, as well as to
1210:Eastern Eurasian
1195:
1032:saltwater people
1021:Freshwater tribe
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
744:
741:
684:
681:
646:
603:Blak sovereignty
329:Papua New Guinea
82:
81:
60:Total population
57:
55:
49:
21:
25791:
25790:
25786:
25785:
25784:
25782:
25781:
25780:
25761:
25760:
25759:
25754:
25743:
25738:
25733:
25723:
25718:
25708:
25703:
25693:
25688:
25678:
25673:
25656:
25643:
25613:
25608:
25548:Media portrayal
25511:1967 Referendum
25499:
25407:Gurindji Strike
25402:Day of Mourning
25354:
25264:
25157:
25104:
25002:
24958:Language groups
24924:
24766:
24718:
24670:
24665:
24635:
24630:
24595:
24523:
24517:
24500:
24494:
24475:Solomon Islands
24413:
24408:
24372:
24202:
24181:
24100:
24066:Solomon Islands
23933:
23861:
23855:
23838:
23832:
23813:Solomon Islands
23751:
23746:
23704:
23688:
23616:
23610:
23593:
23587:
23568:Solomon Islands
23506:
23501:
23456:
23403:Aloha Festivals
23378:
23252:
23211:Paopao (Tuvalu)
23201:Māori migration
23149:
23121:Stick charts of
23075:Solomon Islands
22958:Chatham Islands
22920:
22914:
22863:
22743:
22736:
22731:
22701:
22696:
22683:
22676:
22669:
22662:
22649:
22610:Public holidays
22551:
22495:Life expectancy
22408:
22290:
22241:
22030:
22002:
21988:Protected areas
21894:
21833:
21766:
21757:
21719:
21717:
21707:
21699:
21687:
21675:
21666:
21664:
21655:
21646:
21644:
21639:
21630:
21628:
21627:on 15 July 2010
21619:
21607:
21604:
21603:
21602:
21592:
21591:
21587:
21580:
21575:
21556:
21555:978-929142462-7
21545:
21531:
21529:
21525:
21519:
21508:
21504:
21418:
21399:10.2307/3014371
21304:
21302:
21301:on 8 March 2019
21298:
21283:
21265:
21264:978-157181410-4
21246:
21207:
21205:
21201:
21196:
21187:
21185:
21157:
21148:
21146:
21131:
21129:
21120:Garde, Murray.
21110:
21108:
21104:
21093:
21079:
21077:
21064:
21055:
21043:
21034:
21032:
21023:
21011:
21002:
21000:
20991:
20982:
20980:
20971:
20957:
20945:
20935:
20933:
20924:
20915:
20913:Further reading
20910:
20903:
20896:
20879:
20877:
20836:
20738:
20736:
20693:
20691:
20671:
20670:978-064226954-6
20643:
20632:
20616:
20614:
20596:
20594:
20570:
20560:
20559:978-073152874-5
20536:
20534:
20516:
20514:
20496:
20494:
20467:
20465:
20463:Parks Australia
20448:
20446:
20432:
20430:
20412:
20410:
20373:
20371:
20354:
20352:
20328:
20313:
20294:
20292:
20274:
20272:
20260:
20232:
20133:
20131:
20087:
20069:
20034:
20032:
20014:
20012:
19998:10.1071/RJ10009
19974:
19972:
19958:
19956:
19939:
19917:
19915:
19896:
19885:
19831:
19817:
19815:
19782:
19748:
19746:
19745:on 1 April 2015
19722:
19720:
19713:Reef Catchments
19688:
19659:
19657:
19629:
19618:
19559:
19557:
19556:on 3 April 2013
19513:
19512:978-192502163-9
19498:
19487:
19486:978-174223392-5
19465:
19463:
19445:
19443:
19426:Wayback Machine
19409:
19407:
19369:
19367:
19363:
19350:
19348:
19336:
19323:
19321:
19305:
19299:
19288:
19243:(6052): 94–98.
19221:
19219:
19202:
19200:
19169:
19167:
19149:
19147:
19123:
19116:
19103:
19101:
19082:
19080:
19076:
19054:
19052:
19024:
19005:
19004:978-191134478-0
18986:
18985:978-085575549-2
18914:
18912:
18894:
18892:
18870:
18819:
18817:
18799:
18797:
18772:
18770:
18752:
18750:
18735:
18733:
18715:
18713:
18695:
18693:
18661:
18660:978-192124882-5
18612:
18610:
18596:
18594:
18563:
18561:
18541:
18539:
18525:
18523:
18519:
18512:
18442:
18435:
18421:
18419:
18395:
18393:
18379:
18377:
18339:
18325:
18323:
18322:on 23 July 2007
18305:
18303:
18289:
18287:
18203:
18201:
18183:
18181:
18162:
18160:
18137:
18135:
18087:
18009:
18008:978-064227895-1
17990:
17982:. p. 229.
17962:
17960:
17769:
17767:
17641:
17627:
17625:
17603:
17601:
17559:
17557:
17548:Londey, Peter.
17541:
17540:978-174305499-4
17531:Wakefield Press
17515:
17513:
17495:
17493:
17478:
17476:
17395:
17369:
17367:
17352:
17350:
17332:
17330:
17312:
17310:
17306:
17293:
17291:
17252:
17250:
17232:
17230:
17212:
17210:
17192:
17190:
17159:
17157:
17134:
17132:
17131:on 4 April 2010
17113:
17112:978-157181410-4
17091:
17089:
17078:The World Today
17040:
17038:
17020:
17018:
16943:
16941:
16923:
16921:
16919:Parks Australia
16904:
16902:
16884:
16882:
16854:
16832:
16830:
16812:
16810:
16809:. 2 August 2008
16780:
16778:
16764:
16762:
16744:
16742:
16741:on 14 June 2010
16724:
16722:
16704:
16702:
16684:
16682:
16660:
16658:
16636:
16634:
16618:
16607:
16540:
16538:
16481:
16479:
16461:
16459:
16444:
16442:
16403:
16401:
16383:
16381:
16380:on 3 March 2009
16363:
16361:
16343:
16341:
16340:on 28 June 2016
16323:
16321:
16303:
16301:
16260:
16258:
16240:
16238:
16201:
16199:
16181:
16179:
16161:
16159:
16144:
16142:
16098:
16096:
16092:
16081:
16067:
16065:
16045:Cosmos Magazine
16028:
16026:
16010:
15980:
15955:
15953:
15935:
15933:
15914:
15892:
15890:
15866:
15850:
15794:on 15 May 2013.
15791:
15768:
15749:
15726:
15725:978-098033207-0
15715:
15702:
15701:978-020718448-2
15673:
15671:
15667:
15660:
15647:
15645:
15620:
15618:
15600:
15598:
15583:
15559:
15557:
15542:
15541:978-192502288-9
15501:
15474:
15472:
15464:
15445:
15432:
15413:
15391:
15389:
15375:
15373:
15355:
15353:
15335:
15333:
15318:
15317:978-095777280-9
15296:
15294:
15276:
15274:
15230:
15228:
15211:
15209:
15206:Closing the Gap
15202:"Draft Targets"
15196:on 1 June 2011.
15178:
15154:
15152:
15125:
15123:
15090:
15088:
15009:
15007:
14989:
14987:
14964:
14962:
14898:
14896:
14879:
14878:978-174258807-0
14857:
14855:
14830:
14828:
14810:
14808:
14763:
14761:
14744:
14742:
14728:
14726:
14725:on 29 July 2013
14708:
14706:
14688:
14686:
14672:
14670:
14656:
14654:
14632:
14630:
14626:
14620:
14609:
14594:
14592:
14574:
14572:
14550:
14548:
14475:
14473:
14447:
14445:
14427:
14425:
14410:
14384:
14382:
14357:10.1071/rs18007
14331:
14290:
14288:
14269:
14267:
14255:
14235:Broome, Richard
14209:South Australia
14191:New South Wales
14174:
14172:
14171:on 22 July 2008
14088:
14067:
14066:978-174331382-4
14045:
14043:
14027:
14007:
14005:
13976:
13974:
13956:
13954:
13939:
13938:978-033329949-4
13929:A Land Half Won
13917:
13915:
13861:
13859:
13839:
13837:
13819:
13817:
13813:
13786:
13784:
13764:
13762:
13748:
13746:
13728:
13726:
13708:
13706:
13684:
13682:
13663:
13661:
13629:
13627:
13609:
13607:
13603:
13592:
13538:
13536:
13529:
13503:
13481:
13479:
13475:
13468:
13451:
13449:
13427:
13425:
13407:
13401:
13386:
13266:
13264:
13246:
13244:
13214:
13212:
13190:
13188:
13162:
13160:
13140:
13138:
13124:
13122:
13092:
13090:
13068:
13066:
13053:on 1 July 2014.
13029:
13027:
13009:
13007:
12977:
12975:
12956:
12915:
12913:
12895:
12893:
12867:
12865:
12848:
12846:
12845:. 28 April 2016
12828:
12826:
12808:
12806:
12788:
12786:
12764:
12762:
12748:
12746:
12728:
12726:
12704:
12702:
12684:
12682:
12660:
12658:
12640:
12638:
12624:
12622:
12608:
12606:
12592:
12590:
12556:
12554:
12540:
12538:
12512:
12510:
12488:
12486:
12444:
12442:
12429:
12424:
12413:
12409:
12401:
12397:
12389:
12385:
12374:
12370:
12359:
12355:
12347:
12343:
12335:
12331:
12323:
12319:
12311:
12307:
12299:
12295:
12287:
12283:
12275:
12271:
12263:
12254:
12246:
12242:
12236:EnviroNorth n.d
12234:
12230:
12224:Wellington 2019
12222:
12218:
12210:
12206:
12198:
12194:
12186:
12182:
12174:
12170:
12162:
12158:
12150:
12146:
12138:
12134:
12126:
12122:
12111:
12107:
12101:O'Sullivan 2017
12099:
12095:
12087:
12083:
12075:
12071:
12063:
12056:
12048:
12044:
12036:
12032:
12024:
12020:
12012:
12008:
12000:
11996:
11988:
11984:
11973:
11969:
11961:
11957:
11949:
11942:
11934:
11930:
11922:
11918:
11910:
11906:
11898:
11891:
11881:
11879:
11871:
11870:
11866:
11856:
11854:
11846:
11845:
11841:
11833:
11829:
11821:
11817:
11809:
11805:
11797:
11793:
11785:
11781:
11773:
11769:
11761:
11757:
11749:
11745:
11739:ABS 4510.0 2017
11737:
11733:
11725:
11721:
11713:
11709:
11701:
11697:
11689:
11685:
11677:
11673:
11665:
11661:
11655:ABS 4714.0 2016
11653:
11649:
11630:
11626:
11618:
11614:
11606:
11602:
11596:CtG Report 2019
11594:
11585:
11577:
11573:
11565:
11558:
11550:
11546:
11538:
11534:
11526:
11522:
11514:
11510:
11502:
11498:
11490:
11486:
11475:
11471:
11463:
11452:
11444:
11440:
11432:
11425:
11419:ABS 4704.0 2008
11417:
11413:
11405:
11392:
11384:
11380:
11372:
11368:
11362:Farnsworth 2007
11360:
11356:
11348:
11344:
11336:
11332:
11326:Blandowski 1862
11324:
11320:
11312:
11308:
11300:
11296:
11288:
11284:
11276:
11272:
11264:
11260:
11252:
11248:
11240:
11236:
11228:
11224:
11216:
11212:
11204:
11200:
11192:
11188:
11180:
11176:
11168:
11164:
11156:
11152:
11141:
11137:
11129:
11125:
11117:
11113:
11107:Aboriginal Arts
11105:
11101:
11093:
11089:
11081:
11077:
11069:
11065:
11057:
11053:
11045:
11041:
11033:
11029:
11021:
11017:
11009:
11005:
10997:
10993:
10985:
10981:
10973:
10969:
10961:
10957:
10949:
10945:
10937:
10933:
10925:
10921:
10913:
10906:
10898:
10894:
10886:
10879:
10871:
10867:
10859:
10855:
10847:
10843:
10835:
10831:
10823:
10819:
10811:
10802:
10794:
10790:
10782:
10778:
10770:
10766:
10758:
10751:
10743:
10739:
10735:, pp. 7–9.
10731:
10727:
10719:
10715:
10707:
10703:
10695:
10691:
10683:
10679:
10671:
10667:
10659:
10655:
10649:Zuckermann 2009
10647:
10643:
10635:
10631:
10623:
10619:
10613:ABS 3238.0 2018
10611:
10604:
10596:
10592:
10586:ABS 2077.0 2018
10584:
10580:
10572:
10568:
10560:
10556:
10548:
10544:
10536:
10529:
10521:
10517:
10509:
10505:
10497:
10490:
10482:
10478:
10474:, pp. 3–4.
10470:
10466:
10458:
10447:
10439:
10432:
10424:
10420:
10412:
10408:
10400:
10396:
10388:
10381:
10373:
10366:
10358:
10351:
10343:
10339:
10331:
10327:
10319:
10315:
10307:
10303:
10295:
10291:
10283:
10279:
10271:
10267:
10256:
10252:
10244:
10240:
10232:
10228:
10220:
10216:
10208:
10204:
10187:
10186:
10182:
10174:
10170:
10162:
10158:
10150:
10143:
10135:
10131:
10123:
10119:
10111:
10100:
10092:
10085:
10077:
10070:
10062:
10058:
10050:
10046:
10038:
10034:
10026:
10022:
10014:
10010:
10002:
9998:
9990:
9986:
9978:
9974:
9966:
9959:
9951:
9947:
9939:
9935:
9927:
9923:
9915:
9911:
9903:
9899:
9891:
9887:
9879:
9875:
9867:
9863:
9855:
9851:
9845:NMoA – walk-off
9843:
9839:
9831:
9827:
9819:
9810:
9802:
9798:
9790:
9786:
9778:
9774:
9766:
9762:
9754:
9750:
9742:
9738:
9730:
9726:
9718:
9714:
9706:
9702:
9694:
9690:
9682:
9678:
9670:
9666:
9658:Five Fast Facts
9655:
9651:
9643:
9639:
9631:
9627:
9617:
9613:
9601:
9597:
9589:
9582:
9574:
9561:
9551:
9549:
9541:
9540:
9536:
9528:
9524:
9508:
9504:
9496:
9492:
9484:
9480:
9472:
9468:
9460:
9456:
9448:
9444:
9436:
9429:
9421:
9417:
9406:
9402:
9394:
9390:
9382:
9378:
9370:
9366:
9358:
9354:
9346:
9342:
9334:
9330:
9322:
9313:
9305:
9296:
9288:
9284:
9276:
9272:
9264:
9260:
9252:
9248:
9240:
9236:
9228:
9224:
9216:
9212:
9204:
9200:
9189:
9185:
9177:
9173:
9165:
9161:
9153:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9129:
9125:
9117:
9113:
9105:
9101:
9093:
9086:
9078:
9071:
9063:
9059:
9051:
9047:
9039:
9032:
9024:
9020:
9012:
9008:
9000:
8996:
8988:
8984:
8973:
8969:
8961:
8957:
8949:
8945:
8937:
8933:
8925:
8918:
8910:
8903:
8895:
8891:
8883:
8879:
8871:
8867:
8856:
8852:
8844:
8840:
8832:
8828:
8820:
8816:
8808:
8801:
8793:
8784:
8776:
8772:
8764:
8760:
8752:
8748:
8740:
8736:
8728:
8724:
8716:
8712:
8704:
8700:
8692:
8688:
8680:
8676:
8668:
8664:
8656:
8652:
8644:
8640:
8632:
8625:
8617:
8613:
8605:
8601:
8593:
8589:
8581:
8577:
8569:
8565:
8557:
8553:
8549:, p. 1074.
8545:
8541:
8533:
8529:
8521:
8517:
8509:
8505:
8497:
8490:
8482:
8475:
8467:
8460:
8452:
8448:
8440:
8436:
8428:
8424:
8416:
8412:
8404:
8400:
8392:
8388:
8380:
8373:
8365:
8361:
8353:
8349:
8341:
8337:
8329:
8325:
8317:
8313:
8305:
8301:
8293:
8289:
8281:
8277:
8269:
8265:
8257:
8253:
8245:
8241:
8233:
8229:
8221:
8217:
8209:
8205:
8197:
8193:
8185:
8181:
8173:
8169:
8161:
8157:
8149:
8145:
8137:
8133:
8125:
8121:
8113:
8096:
8088:
8079:
8071:
8067:
8059:
8055:
8049:ABS Census 2017
8047:
8040:
8032:
8028:
8020:
8016:
8008:
8001:
7993:
7989:
7981:
7977:
7969:
7965:
7957:
7953:
7945:
7941:
7933:
7926:
7918:
7914:
7906:
7902:
7894:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7870:
7866:
7858:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7822:
7818:
7810:
7806:
7795:
7791:
7783:
7779:
7773:Media RING 2018
7771:
7767:
7759:
7755:
7747:
7743:
7735:
7731:
7723:
7719:
7707:
7703:
7695:
7691:
7683:
7679:
7671:
7664:
7656:
7652:
7644:
7637:
7629:
7622:
7607:
7603:
7597:ABS 1301.0 2002
7595:
7588:
7580:
7573:
7565:
7558:
7550:
7539:
7531:
7527:
7519:
7515:
7507:
7500:
7492:
7483:
7475:
7469:
7465:
7457:
7438:
7423:
7422:
7418:
7410:
7403:
7395:
7391:
7383:
7376:
7368:
7364:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7333:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7310:
7304:ABS 2017.0 2017
7301:
7297:
7288:
7284:
7280:, p. 205).
7274:
7270:
7254:
7250:
7226:
7222:
7205:
7201:
7197:, p. 153).
7192:
7188:
7182:
7178:
7170:
7166:
7157:
7153:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7018:
7013:
7011:
7004:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6947:Charles Perkins
6943:South Australia
6876:Deborah Mailman
6845:King George III
6823:
6817:Sydney Olympics
6798:
6792:
6772:South Australia
6704:
6692:Main articles:
6690:
6603:
6581:
6575:
6452:
6410:Alison Anderson
6382:South Australia
6371:Bathurst Island
6341:In March 2013,
6258:1967 referendum
6246:
6232:
6223:Day of Mourning
6191:
6182:
6158:
6154:
6147:
6131:
6123:Closing the Gap
6118:
6091:
6085:
6083:Family violence
6045:commissioned a
6007:
6001:
5976:
5952:Closing the Gap
5913:
5907:Closing the Gap
5903:
5876:Petrol sniffing
5859:smoking tobacco
5851:methamphetamine
5847:petrol sniffing
5839:substance abuse
5835:
5833:Substance abuse
5799:
5787:
5785:Life expectancy
5771:type 2 diabetes
5740:
5734:
5688:Closing the Gap
5658:substance abuse
5646:life expectancy
5626:psychologically
5622:children abused
5613:
5611:Closing the Gap
5607:
5605:Closing the Gap
5602:
5471:, December 1866
5442:Gavin Wanganeen
5426:New South Wales
5372:regions of the
5345:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5283:Top End Wedding
5265:Miranda Tapsell
5241:Deborah Mailman
5090:Thomas Keneally
5062:Robert Tudawali
5038:Baldwin Spencer
5033:
5015:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4914:Tara June Winch
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4820:
4819:
4813:
4802:
4796:
4668:
4660:Main articles:
4658:
4616:
4545:in Sydney. The
4519:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4492:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4410:
4385:
4361:
4339:people only in
4301:
4295:
4282:
4276:
4237:Rainbow Serpent
4219:
4213:
4208:
4194:Depiction of a
4188:
4168:Papuan language
4144:
4138:
4122:
4060:
4048:Main articles:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4005:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3967:
3958:
3955:
3946:
3942:
3933:
3930:
3921:
3918:
3909:
3904:
3854:
3851:
3845:
3789:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3710:
3704:
3638:church missions
3610:
3604:
3591:
3454:
3446:1967 referendum
3411:
3341:
3314:
3248:
3242:
3219:hunter-gatherer
3162:Shadow Minister
3124:. In 1976, Sir
3013:1967 referendum
2980:led the famous
2957:
2916:
2892:Day of Mourning
2868:
2862:South Australia
2835:cattle stations
2822:
2810:church missions
2794:
2784:
2752:
2627:Inhabited lands
2241:Cultural rights
2198:
2183:on the lawn of
2149:
2140:Murdering Gully
2099:Rottnest Island
2079:
2071:Main articles:
2069:
2045:Rottnest Island
1948:fishermen from
1926:
1910:Thursday Island
1809:Batman's Treaty
1798:
1762:King George III
1754:William Dampier
1738:
1733:
1709:
1593:
1588:
1474:Thomas Mitchell
1383:
1378:
1366:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1066:Main articles:
1064:
1048:spinifex people
1024:
1017:
1015:Other groupings
1010:
1007:
998:
995:
986:
983:
974:
971:
962:
959:
950:
947:
938:
935:
894:Papuan language
876:
870:
808:– are all from
754:South Australia
742:
716:
704:Main articles:
682:
668:
663:
661:Regional groups
644:
605:
599:
543:
537:
475:
450:
444:report (1997).
340:self-identified
338:812,728 people
278:
238:
234:
229:
227:
151:South Australia
86:New South Wales
70:
53:
52:
48:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
25789:
25779:
25778:
25773:
25756:
25755:
25748:
25745:
25744:
25740:
25739:
25726:
25724:
25711:
25709:
25696:
25694:
25681:
25679:
25666:
25661:
25658:
25657:
25642:
25641:
25634:
25627:
25619:
25610:
25609:
25607:
25606:
25601:
25600:
25599:
25594:
25589:
25577:
25576:
25575:
25573:Half-Caste Act
25565:
25563:Reconciliation
25560:
25555:
25550:
25545:
25544:
25543:
25541:Protected Area
25538:
25528:
25523:
25518:
25513:
25507:
25505:
25501:
25500:
25498:
25497:
25492:
25487:
25486:
25485:
25475:
25470:
25468:Pilbara strike
25465:
25458:
25453:
25448:
25447:
25446:
25436:
25431:
25430:
25429:
25424:
25414:
25409:
25404:
25399:
25394:
25389:
25388:
25387:
25382:
25372:
25364:
25362:
25356:
25355:
25353:
25352:
25347:
25342:
25337:
25332:
25327:
25322:
25321:
25320:
25315:
25305:
25300:
25295:
25290:
25285:
25280:
25274:
25272:
25266:
25265:
25263:
25262:
25257:
25252:
25247:
25245:Spinifex resin
25242:
25237:
25232:
25227:
25222:
25217:
25212:
25207:
25202:
25197:
25192:
25187:
25182:
25177:
25171:
25169:
25163:
25162:
25159:
25158:
25156:
25155:
25150:
25145:
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25114:
25112:
25103:
25102:
25096:
25095:
25094:
25093:
25088:
25078:
25073:
25068:
25063:
25058:
25053:
25048:
25043:
25038:
25033:
25028:
25023:
25018:
25012:
25010:
25004:
25003:
25001:
25000:
24995:
24990:
24985:
24983:Sign languages
24980:
24975:
24970:
24965:
24960:
24955:
24950:
24945:
24940:
24934:
24932:
24926:
24925:
24923:
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24917:
24912:
24907:
24902:
24897:
24892:
24887:
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24877:
24872:
24867:
24862:
24857:
24852:
24847:
24842:
24837:
24836:
24835:
24830:
24822:
24817:
24812:
24807:
24802:
24797:
24792:
24787:
24782:
24776:
24774:
24768:
24767:
24765:
24764:
24759:
24757:Visual artists
24754:
24749:
24744:
24739:
24734:
24728:
24726:
24720:
24719:
24717:
24716:
24711:
24706:
24701:
24696:
24691:
24686:
24680:
24678:
24672:
24671:
24664:
24663:
24656:
24649:
24641:
24632:
24631:
24604:
24601:
24600:
24597:
24596:
24594:
24593:
24588:
24583:
24578:
24573:
24571:Norfolk Island
24568:
24563:
24558:
24553:
24548:
24543:
24538:
24533:
24531:American Samoa
24527:
24525:
24519:
24518:
24516:
24515:
24510:
24504:
24502:
24501:of New Zealand
24496:
24495:
24493:
24492:
24487:
24482:
24477:
24472:
24467:
24462:
24457:
24452:
24447:
24442:
24437:
24432:
24427:
24421:
24419:
24415:
24414:
24407:
24406:
24399:
24392:
24384:
24378:
24374:
24373:
24371:
24370:
24365:
24360:
24355:
24350:
24345:
24340:
24335:
24330:
24325:
24320:
24315:
24310:
24305:
24300:
24295:
24290:
24285:
24280:
24275:
24270:
24265:
24260:
24255:
24250:
24245:
24240:
24237:
24231:
24226:
24221:
24216:
24210:
24208:
24204:
24203:
24201:
24200:
24195:
24189:
24187:
24183:
24182:
24180:
24179:
24174:
24169:
24164:
24159:
24154:
24149:
24144:
24139:
24134:
24129:
24124:
24119:
24114:
24108:
24106:
24102:
24101:
24099:
24098:
24093:
24088:
24083:
24078:
24073:
24068:
24063:
24058:
24053:
24048:
24043:
24038:
24033:
24028:
24027:
24026:
24016:
24011:
24006:
24001:
23996:
23991:
23986:
23981:
23976:
23971:
23966:
23961:
23956:
23951:
23945:
23943:
23939:
23938:
23935:
23934:
23932:
23931:
23926:
23921:
23916:
23911:
23909:Norfolk Island
23906:
23901:
23896:
23891:
23886:
23881:
23876:
23871:
23869:American Samoa
23865:
23863:
23857:
23856:
23854:
23853:
23848:
23842:
23840:
23839:of New Zealand
23834:
23833:
23831:
23830:
23825:
23820:
23815:
23810:
23805:
23800:
23795:
23790:
23785:
23780:
23775:
23770:
23765:
23759:
23757:
23753:
23752:
23745:
23744:
23737:
23730:
23722:
23716:
23710:
23709:
23706:
23705:
23700:
23698:
23694:
23693:
23690:
23689:
23687:
23686:
23681:
23676:
23671:
23666:
23664:Norfolk Island
23661:
23656:
23651:
23646:
23641:
23636:
23631:
23626:
23624:American Samoa
23620:
23618:
23612:
23611:
23609:
23608:
23603:
23597:
23595:
23594:of New Zealand
23589:
23588:
23586:
23585:
23580:
23575:
23570:
23565:
23560:
23555:
23550:
23545:
23540:
23535:
23530:
23525:
23520:
23514:
23512:
23508:
23507:
23500:
23499:
23492:
23485:
23477:
23471:
23464:
23458:
23457:
23455:
23454:
23449:
23448:
23447:
23437:
23436:
23435:
23430:
23422:
23417:
23416:
23415:
23410:
23405:
23397:
23396:
23395:
23393:Garma Festival
23386:
23384:
23380:
23379:
23377:
23376:
23371:
23366:
23361:
23356:
23351:
23346:
23341:
23336:
23331:
23326:
23321:
23316:
23311:
23306:
23301:
23296:
23291:
23286:
23281:
23276:
23271:
23266:
23260:
23258:
23254:
23253:
23251:
23250:
23245:
23244:
23243:
23233:
23228:
23223:
23218:
23213:
23208:
23203:
23198:
23193:
23188:
23183:
23178:
23173:
23168:
23166:Alingano Maisu
23163:
23157:
23155:
23151:
23150:
23148:
23147:
23146:
23145:
23138:
23126:
23125:
23124:
23112:
23107:
23102:
23097:
23092:
23087:
23082:
23077:
23072:
23067:
23062:
23057:
23052:
23050:Norfolk Island
23047:
23042:
23041:
23040:
23030:
23025:
23020:
23015:
23010:
23005:
23004:
23003:
22991:
22990:
22989:
22982:
22970:
22965:
22960:
22955:
22943:
22938:
22937:
22936:
22924:
22922:
22916:
22915:
22913:
22912:
22907:
22902:
22897:
22892:
22887:
22882:
22877:
22871:
22869:
22865:
22864:
22862:
22861:
22856:
22851:
22846:
22841:
22836:
22831:
22826:
22821:
22816:
22811:
22806:
22805:
22804:
22794:
22789:
22784:
22779:
22777:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
22774:
22769:
22764:
22759:
22753:
22751:
22745:
22744:
22741:
22738:
22737:
22730:
22729:
22722:
22715:
22707:
22698:
22697:
22695:
22694:
22689:
22682:
22681:
22674:
22667:
22659:
22658:
22655:
22654:
22651:
22650:
22648:
22647:
22642:
22637:
22632:
22627:
22622:
22617:
22612:
22607:
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22597:
22592:
22587:
22582:
22577:
22572:
22567:
22561:
22559:
22553:
22552:
22550:
22549:
22544:
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22534:
22529:
22524:
22519:
22518:
22517:
22512:
22507:
22497:
22492:
22487:
22482:
22477:
22472:
22467:
22462:
22457:
22452:
22447:
22442:
22437:
22432:
22426:
22420:
22414:
22413:
22410:
22409:
22407:
22406:
22404:Welfare system
22401:
22396:
22391:
22386:
22381:
22379:Superannuation
22376:
22374:Stock exchange
22371:
22366:
22361:
22356:
22351:
22346:
22341:
22340:
22339:
22337:Public housing
22332:Home ownership
22329:
22324:
22319:
22314:
22308:
22302:
22296:
22295:
22292:
22291:
22289:
22288:
22287:
22286:
22279:Prime Minister
22276:
22275:
22274:
22264:
22263:
22262:
22251:
22249:
22243:
22242:
22240:
22239:
22237:Shadow Cabinet
22234:
22233:
22232:
22227:
22217:
22215:Public Service
22212:
22211:
22210:
22205:
22200:
22195:
22190:
22185:
22180:
22175:
22165:
22160:
22155:
22150:
22145:
22144:
22143:
22138:
22133:
22123:
22118:
22117:
22116:
22111:
22106:
22096:
22091:
22089:Federal budget
22086:
22085:
22084:
22079:
22074:
22064:
22059:
22054:
22048:
22042:
22036:
22035:
22032:
22031:
22029:
22028:
22023:
22018:
22012:
22010:
22004:
22003:
22001:
22000:
21995:
21990:
21985:
21980:
21975:
21970:
21965:
21960:
21955:
21950:
21945:
21944:
21943:
21933:
21928:
21923:
21921:Climate change
21918:
21912:
21906:
21900:
21899:
21896:
21895:
21893:
21892:
21887:
21882:
21877:
21872:
21867:
21862:
21857:
21852:
21850:Constitutional
21847:
21841:
21839:
21835:
21834:
21832:
21831:
21826:
21821:
21816:
21811:
21806:
21801:
21796:
21791:
21786:
21780:
21774:
21768:
21767:
21756:
21755:
21748:
21741:
21733:
21727:
21726:
21705:
21697:
21685:
21673:
21653:
21637:
21617:
21601:
21600:
21594:
21593:
21582:
21581:
21579:
21578:External links
21576:
21574:
21573:
21560:
21554:
21538:
21517:
21496:
21495:
21469:
21411:
21393:(4): 404–412.
21378:
21311:
21270:
21269:
21263:
21250:
21244:
21223:
21222:
21202:(Zoomable map)
21194:
21172:
21155:
21138:
21117:
21086:
21062:
21053:
21041:
21021:
21009:
20989:
20969:
20968:
20967:
20955:
20916:
20914:
20911:
20909:
20908:
20886:
20870:The Australian
20861:
20848:
20834:
20816:
20804:
20769:
20760:
20745:
20700:
20675:
20669:
20656:
20647:
20641:
20623:
20603:
20583:
20575:United Service
20563:
20558:
20543:
20523:
20503:
20483:
20474:
20455:
20439:
20419:
20403:
20380:
20361:
20345:
20332:
20326:
20301:
20291:on 10 May 2013
20281:
20264:
20258:
20245:
20236:
20230:
20215:
20152:
20140:
20118:
20117:
20116:
20073:
20067:
20053:
20041:
20021:
20002:
19981:
19965:
19943:
19937:
19924:
19900:
19894:
19876:
19842:(3): 203–217.
19824:
19804:
19791:
19776:
19767:
19765:. 4 June 2018.
19755:
19729:
19705:
19692:
19686:
19666:
19646:
19633:
19627:
19609:
19581:(4): 356–364.
19566:
19546:
19517:
19511:
19491:
19485:
19472:
19452:
19428:
19406:on 7 July 2020
19392:
19376:
19357:
19330:
19310:
19297:
19279:
19228:
19209:
19189:
19176:
19156:
19136:
19128:
19110:
19090:
19069:
19061:
19036:
19022:
19009:
19003:
18990:
18984:
18971:
18955:Before Farming
18950:
18938:10.1086/203909
18921:
18901:
18879:
18855:
18826:
18806:
18791:Adams, Phillip
18779:
18759:
18742:
18722:
18702:
18686:The Australian
18678:
18665:
18659:
18651:Magabala Books
18649:. Broome, WA:
18640:
18630:(27): 93–101.
18619:
18603:
18593:. 1 April 2006
18583:
18570:
18548:
18532:
18506:
18480:(3): 367–381.
18469:
18460:
18452:"The Blakyard"
18447:
18428:
18402:
18386:
18376:on 1 July 2005
18365:
18352:
18332:
18312:
18296:
18279:
18270:
18249:
18223:(3): 329–349.
18210:
18190:
18169:
18144:
18124:
18089:
18059:(2): 297–305.
18044:
18023:Arena Magazine
18013:
18007:
17994:
17988:
17969:
17947:
17939:
17886:
17835:
17776:
17755:
17743:10.1086/522350
17726:
17707:
17686:
17634:
17610:
17594:
17581:
17566:
17545:
17539:
17522:
17502:
17485:
17461:
17423:(4): 889–902.
17408:
17399:
17393:
17376:
17359:
17339:
17319:
17300:
17284:
17274:(1): 132–153.
17259:
17239:
17219:
17199:
17179:
17166:
17141:
17117:
17111:
17098:
17069:
17056:
17047:
17027:
17006:
16984:10.1086/346065
16978:(2): 281–302.
16963:
16959:The Australian
16950:
16930:
16911:
16891:
16871:
16858:
16852:
16839:
16819:
16807:The Australian
16799:
16795:The Australian
16787:
16771:
16751:
16731:
16711:
16691:
16667:
16643:
16633:. 3 July 2016b
16623:
16600:
16547:
16525:
16488:
16468:
16451:
16432:
16410:
16390:
16370:
16350:
16330:
16310:
16290:
16278:
16273:The Advertiser
16267:
16247:
16223:
16208:
16198:on 23 May 2013
16188:
16168:
16151:
16131:
16118:
16105:
16074:
16063:Yidaki History
16054:
16035:
16018:
16008:
15984:
15978:
15966:Gilbert, Kevin
15962:
15942:
15926:
15912:
15899:
15878:
15864:
15851:
15849:
15848:
15839:
15830:
15821:
15812:
15810:, p. 163.
15796:
15779:(3): 163–174.
15761:
15757:j.ctt24hfb0.12
15747:
15730:
15724:
15706:
15700:
15680:
15654:
15635:
15627:
15607:
15597:. 7 April 2009
15587:
15581:
15566:
15546:
15540:
15523:
15514:
15499:
15481:
15458:
15436:
15430:
15417:
15411:
15398:
15382:
15362:
15342:
15326:"Encyclopedia"
15322:
15316:
15303:
15283:
15266:
15237:
15218:
15198:
15182:
15176:
15161:
15141:
15132:
15122:on 11 May 2011
15108:
15097:
15078:
15063:
15042:
15029:
15016:
14996:
14971:
14954:
14917:
14905:
14883:
14877:
14864:
14837:
14817:
14793:
14770:
14751:
14735:
14715:
14695:
14679:
14663:
14653:on 6 July 2011
14643:
14618:
14601:
14581:
14561:
14537:
14482:
14462:
14454:
14434:
14414:
14408:
14391:
14370:
14335:
14329:
14314:
14297:
14287:on 15 May 2009
14276:
14264:"Lake Mungo 3"
14259:
14253:
14231:
14230:
14229:
14224:
14218:
14212:
14206:
14200:
14194:
14188:
14157:
14140:
14092:
14086:
14071:
14065:
14052:
14032:
14018:
13997:
13983:
13963:
13943:
13937:
13924:
13909:"Black Comedy"
13905:
13868:
13846:
13826:
13806:
13793:
13771:
13755:
13735:
13715:
13691:
13670:
13660:. 16 June 2020
13650:
13645:licence. (See
13616:
13586:
13545:
13523:
13521:on 5 May 2010.
13507:
13501:
13488:
13458:
13437:
13412:
13399:
13379:
13334:
13288:(2): 537–542.
13273:
13253:
13243:. 29 June 2015
13233:
13221:
13197:
13173:
13147:
13131:
13111:
13099:
13075:
13055:
13039:
13016:
13000:
12984:
12964:
12954:
12938:
12922:
12902:
12882:
12874:
12855:
12835:
12815:
12795:
12771:
12755:
12735:
12725:on 21 May 2010
12711:
12691:
12667:
12647:
12631:
12615:
12599:
12575:
12563:
12547:
12527:
12519:
12495:
12475:
12463:
12451:
12441:on 17 May 2022
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12422:
12407:
12395:
12383:
12377:The Australian
12368:
12353:
12341:
12329:
12317:
12313:Wahlquist 2018
12305:
12293:
12281:
12269:
12252:
12240:
12228:
12216:
12204:
12192:
12180:
12176:Nine News 2019
12168:
12156:
12144:
12132:
12120:
12114:The Australian
12105:
12093:
12081:
12069:
12054:
12042:
12038:Jeuniewic 2022
12030:
12018:
12006:
11994:
11982:
11976:The Australian
11967:
11955:
11940:
11928:
11916:
11904:
11889:
11864:
11839:
11827:
11815:
11803:
11791:
11779:
11767:
11755:
11743:
11731:
11719:
11707:
11695:
11683:
11671:
11659:
11647:
11624:
11612:
11600:
11583:
11571:
11556:
11544:
11532:
11520:
11508:
11496:
11484:
11469:
11450:
11438:
11423:
11411:
11390:
11386:NMoA – cricket
11378:
11366:
11354:
11342:
11330:
11318:
11306:
11294:
11282:
11270:
11258:
11246:
11234:
11222:
11210:
11198:
11186:
11174:
11162:
11158:Wiltshire 2017
11150:
11135:
11123:
11111:
11099:
11087:
11075:
11063:
11051:
11039:
11027:
11015:
11003:
10991:
10979:
10967:
10955:
10943:
10931:
10919:
10904:
10892:
10877:
10865:
10853:
10849:O'Sullivan n.d
10841:
10829:
10817:
10800:
10796:'The Dreaming'
10788:
10776:
10764:
10749:
10747:, p. 424.
10737:
10725:
10713:
10701:
10689:
10677:
10665:
10653:
10641:
10629:
10617:
10602:
10590:
10578:
10566:
10554:
10542:
10527:
10515:
10503:
10488:
10476:
10464:
10445:
10430:
10418:
10406:
10404:, p. 300.
10394:
10379:
10364:
10349:
10337:
10325:
10313:
10301:
10289:
10277:
10265:
10250:
10238:
10226:
10214:
10202:
10180:
10168:
10156:
10141:
10129:
10117:
10098:
10083:
10068:
10064:NMoA – contact
10056:
10044:
10032:
10020:
10008:
9996:
9984:
9972:
9957:
9945:
9933:
9921:
9909:
9897:
9885:
9873:
9861:
9849:
9837:
9825:
9808:
9796:
9784:
9772:
9760:
9748:
9736:
9724:
9712:
9710:, p. 229.
9700:
9688:
9676:
9664:
9649:
9637:
9625:
9611:
9595:
9580:
9578:, p. 275.
9559:
9534:
9522:
9502:
9490:
9478:
9466:
9454:
9442:
9427:
9415:
9409:Face the Facts
9400:
9388:
9376:
9364:
9352:
9340:
9328:
9311:
9294:
9282:
9270:
9258:
9246:
9244:, p. 329.
9234:
9222:
9210:
9198:
9192:United Service
9183:
9179:Kociumbas 2004
9171:
9159:
9147:
9135:
9123:
9111:
9099:
9095:TSRA – history
9084:
9069:
9057:
9055:, p. 245.
9045:
9030:
9018:
9006:
8994:
8982:
8967:
8955:
8943:
8931:
8916:
8901:
8889:
8885:MacKnight 1986
8877:
8865:
8850:
8838:
8826:
8822:Gerritsen 2008
8814:
8799:
8782:
8770:
8758:
8746:
8734:
8722:
8710:
8698:
8686:
8674:
8662:
8650:
8638:
8623:
8611:
8599:
8587:
8575:
8563:
8551:
8539:
8527:
8515:
8503:
8488:
8473:
8458:
8446:
8434:
8432:, p. 163.
8422:
8410:
8398:
8386:
8371:
8359:
8347:
8335:
8323:
8311:
8299:
8287:
8275:
8263:
8251:
8239:
8227:
8215:
8203:
8191:
8179:
8167:
8155:
8143:
8131:
8119:
8094:
8077:
8065:
8061:Ethnologue.com
8053:
8038:
8026:
8014:
7999:
7987:
7975:
7963:
7951:
7939:
7924:
7912:
7900:
7888:
7876:
7864:
7852:
7840:
7828:
7816:
7804:
7789:
7777:
7765:
7753:
7741:
7729:
7717:
7701:
7689:
7677:
7662:
7650:
7635:
7620:
7601:
7586:
7571:
7556:
7537:
7525:
7513:
7498:
7481:
7463:
7436:
7416:
7401:
7389:
7374:
7362:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7331:
7318:
7308:
7295:
7282:
7268:
7248:
7220:
7199:
7186:
7176:
7164:
7151:
7142:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7009:
6993:
6990:
6971:Marcia Langton
6911:Neville Bonner
6888:Jessica Mauboy
6882:, and singers
6868:David Gulpilil
6794:Main article:
6791:
6788:
6751:British Empire
6689:
6686:
6638:Joanne Farrell
6626:Peter Buckskin
6614:Marcia Langton
6585:Scott Morrison
6574:
6571:
6451:
6448:
6326:. His nephew,
6310:Following the
6295:), and former
6269:Neville Bonner
6256:following the
6231:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6211:
6208:King George VI
6204:William Cooper
6190:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6179:(January 2020)
6161:
6159:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6135:Scott Morrison
6130:
6127:
6084:
6081:
6003:Main article:
6000:
5997:
5975:
5972:
5943:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5902:
5899:
5834:
5831:
5798:
5795:
5786:
5783:
5744:discrimination
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5703:
5684:
5683:
5672:
5609:Main article:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5535:Arthur Beetson
5511:Ashleigh Barty
5493:Johnny Mullagh
5450:Lance Franklin
5341:Main article:
5338:
5335:
5327:
5324:
5237:Aaron Pedersen
5229:Rachel Perkins
5202:), as well as
5200:Mabuiag Island
5076:David Gulpilil
5044:in 1900–1903.
5017:
5016:
5012:(January 2020)
4994:
4992:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4934:Marcia Langton
4842:Arthur Phillip
4829:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:Main article:
4795:
4792:
4740:relate to the
4657:
4654:
4509:Main article:
4493:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4473:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4425:Main article:
4422:
4419:
4409:
4406:
4384:
4381:
4360:
4357:
4294:
4291:
4275:
4272:
4268:Western desert
4228:oral tradition
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4187:
4186:Belief systems
4184:
4152:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
4140:Main article:
4137:
4134:
4121:
4118:
4084:R. M. W. Dixon
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3844:
3841:
3783:Groote Eylandt
3774:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3706:Main article:
3703:
3700:
3691:Justice Merkel
3603:
3600:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3453:
3450:
3410:
3407:
3380:Warren Mundine
3340:
3337:
3326:public apology
3313:
3310:
3257:Neville Bonner
3244:Main article:
3241:
3240:Reconciliation
3238:
3229:in Australia.
3205:Ashleigh Barty
3173:Arthur Beetson
3102:Neville Bonner
3079:Pitjantjatjara
2936:Aboriginal art
2915:
2912:
2831:sheep stations
2821:
2818:
2790:Main article:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2600:Discrimination
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Climate change
2582:
2577:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2537:
2535:The Red Nation
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2373:United Nations
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Arctic Council
2301:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2177:
2161:
2148:
2145:
2068:
2065:
1950:South Sulawesi
1925:
1922:
1797:
1794:
1790:Arthur Phillip
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:thatched roofs
1708:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1365:
1362:
1292:people of the
1200:East Eurasians
1197:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1063:
1060:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1001:
999:
996:
989:
987:
984:
977:
975:
972:
965:
963:
960:
953:
951:
948:
941:
939:
936:
929:
892:, and speak a
872:Main article:
869:
866:
798:Pitjantjatjara
667:
664:
662:
659:
654:Better in Blak
617:Destiny Deacon
598:
595:
536:
533:
517:language group
505:connotations.
474:
471:
460:, designed by
449:
446:
432:mixed heritage
296:
295:
285:
284:
280:
279:
277:
276:
275:(historically)
270:
264:
258:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:
233:(historically)
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
197:
195:
192:
186:
185:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
166:
160:
159:
156:
153:
147:
146:
143:
140:
134:
133:
130:
127:
121:
120:
117:
114:
108:
107:
104:
101:
95:
94:
91:
88:
78:
77:
73:
72:
62:
61:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
25788:
25777:
25774:
25772:
25769:
25768:
25766:
25753:
25752:
25746:
25737:
25736:
25735:South America
25731:
25725:
25722:
25721:
25716:
25710:
25707:
25706:
25705:North America
25701:
25695:
25692:
25691:
25686:
25680:
25677:
25676:
25671:
25665:
25664:
25659:
25655:
25651:
25647:
25640:
25635:
25633:
25628:
25626:
25621:
25620:
25617:
25605:
25604:Voting rights
25602:
25598:
25595:
25593:
25590:
25588:
25585:
25584:
25583:
25582:
25578:
25574:
25571:
25570:
25569:
25566:
25564:
25561:
25559:
25556:
25554:
25551:
25549:
25546:
25542:
25539:
25537:
25534:
25533:
25532:
25529:
25527:
25524:
25522:
25519:
25517:
25514:
25512:
25509:
25508:
25506:
25502:
25496:
25493:
25491:
25488:
25484:
25481:
25480:
25479:
25476:
25474:
25471:
25469:
25466:
25464:
25463:
25459:
25457:
25456:Native police
25454:
25452:
25449:
25445:
25442:
25441:
25440:
25437:
25435:
25432:
25428:
25425:
25423:
25420:
25419:
25418:
25415:
25413:
25410:
25408:
25405:
25403:
25400:
25398:
25395:
25393:
25390:
25386:
25383:
25381:
25378:
25377:
25376:
25373:
25371:
25370:
25366:
25365:
25363:
25361:
25357:
25351:
25348:
25346:
25343:
25341:
25338:
25336:
25333:
25331:
25328:
25326:
25323:
25319:
25316:
25314:
25311:
25310:
25309:
25306:
25304:
25301:
25299:
25296:
25294:
25291:
25289:
25286:
25284:
25283:Bark painting
25281:
25279:
25276:
25275:
25273:
25271:
25267:
25261:
25258:
25256:
25253:
25251:
25248:
25246:
25243:
25241:
25238:
25236:
25233:
25231:
25228:
25226:
25223:
25221:
25218:
25216:
25213:
25211:
25208:
25206:
25203:
25201:
25198:
25196:
25195:Bush medicine
25193:
25191:
25188:
25186:
25183:
25181:
25178:
25176:
25173:
25172:
25170:
25168:
25164:
25154:
25151:
25149:
25146:
25144:
25141:
25139:
25136:
25134:
25131:
25129:
25126:
25124:
25121:
25119:
25116:
25115:
25113:
25111:
25110:Land councils
25107:
25101:
25098:
25097:
25092:
25089:
25087:
25084:
25083:
25082:
25079:
25077:
25074:
25072:
25069:
25067:
25064:
25062:
25059:
25057:
25054:
25052:
25049:
25047:
25044:
25042:
25039:
25037:
25034:
25032:
25029:
25027:
25024:
25022:
25019:
25017:
25014:
25013:
25011:
25009:
25008:Organisations
25005:
24999:
24996:
24994:
24991:
24989:
24986:
24984:
24981:
24979:
24976:
24974:
24971:
24969:
24966:
24964:
24961:
24959:
24956:
24954:
24951:
24949:
24946:
24944:
24941:
24939:
24936:
24935:
24933:
24931:
24927:
24921:
24918:
24916:
24913:
24911:
24908:
24906:
24903:
24901:
24898:
24896:
24893:
24891:
24888:
24886:
24883:
24881:
24878:
24876:
24873:
24871:
24868:
24866:
24863:
24861:
24860:Message stick
24858:
24856:
24853:
24851:
24848:
24846:
24843:
24841:
24838:
24834:
24831:
24829:
24826:
24825:
24823:
24821:
24818:
24816:
24813:
24811:
24808:
24806:
24803:
24801:
24800:Deadly Awards
24798:
24796:
24793:
24791:
24788:
24786:
24783:
24781:
24778:
24777:
24775:
24773:
24769:
24763:
24760:
24758:
24755:
24753:
24750:
24748:
24745:
24743:
24740:
24738:
24735:
24733:
24730:
24729:
24727:
24725:
24721:
24715:
24712:
24710:
24707:
24705:
24702:
24700:
24697:
24695:
24692:
24690:
24687:
24685:
24682:
24681:
24679:
24677:
24673:
24669:
24662:
24657:
24655:
24650:
24648:
24643:
24642:
24639:
24628:
24624:
24620:
24616:
24612:
24608:
24602:
24592:
24589:
24587:
24584:
24582:
24579:
24577:
24574:
24572:
24569:
24567:
24566:New Caledonia
24564:
24562:
24559:
24557:
24554:
24552:
24549:
24547:
24546:Easter Island
24544:
24542:
24539:
24537:
24534:
24532:
24529:
24528:
24526:
24520:
24514:
24511:
24509:
24506:
24505:
24503:
24497:
24491:
24488:
24486:
24483:
24481:
24478:
24476:
24473:
24471:
24468:
24466:
24463:
24461:
24458:
24456:
24453:
24451:
24448:
24446:
24443:
24441:
24438:
24436:
24433:
24431:
24428:
24426:
24423:
24422:
24420:
24416:
24412:
24405:
24400:
24398:
24393:
24391:
24386:
24385:
24382:
24379:
24375:
24369:
24366:
24364:
24361:
24359:
24356:
24354:
24351:
24349:
24346:
24344:
24341:
24339:
24336:
24334:
24331:
24329:
24326:
24324:
24321:
24319:
24316:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24294:
24291:
24289:
24286:
24284:
24281:
24279:
24276:
24274:
24271:
24269:
24266:
24264:
24261:
24259:
24256:
24254:
24251:
24249:
24246:
24244:
24241:
24239:
24235:
24232:
24230:
24227:
24225:
24222:
24220:
24217:
24215:
24212:
24211:
24209:
24205:
24199:
24196:
24194:
24191:
24190:
24188:
24184:
24178:
24175:
24173:
24170:
24168:
24165:
24163:
24160:
24158:
24155:
24153:
24150:
24148:
24145:
24143:
24140:
24138:
24135:
24133:
24130:
24128:
24125:
24123:
24120:
24118:
24115:
24113:
24110:
24109:
24107:
24103:
24097:
24094:
24092:
24089:
24087:
24084:
24082:
24079:
24077:
24074:
24072:
24069:
24067:
24064:
24062:
24059:
24057:
24054:
24052:
24049:
24047:
24044:
24042:
24039:
24037:
24034:
24032:
24029:
24025:
24022:
24021:
24020:
24017:
24015:
24014:New Caledonia
24012:
24010:
24007:
24005:
24002:
24000:
23997:
23995:
23992:
23990:
23987:
23985:
23982:
23980:
23977:
23975:
23972:
23970:
23969:Easter Island
23967:
23965:
23962:
23960:
23957:
23955:
23952:
23950:
23947:
23946:
23944:
23940:
23930:
23927:
23925:
23922:
23920:
23917:
23915:
23912:
23910:
23907:
23905:
23904:New Caledonia
23902:
23900:
23897:
23895:
23892:
23890:
23887:
23885:
23884:Easter Island
23882:
23880:
23877:
23875:
23872:
23870:
23867:
23866:
23864:
23858:
23852:
23849:
23847:
23844:
23843:
23841:
23835:
23829:
23826:
23824:
23821:
23819:
23816:
23814:
23811:
23809:
23806:
23804:
23801:
23799:
23796:
23794:
23791:
23789:
23786:
23784:
23781:
23779:
23776:
23774:
23771:
23769:
23766:
23764:
23761:
23760:
23758:
23754:
23750:
23743:
23738:
23736:
23731:
23729:
23724:
23723:
23720:
23717:
23715:
23711:
23703:
23699:
23695:
23685:
23682:
23680:
23677:
23675:
23672:
23670:
23667:
23665:
23662:
23660:
23659:New Caledonia
23657:
23655:
23652:
23650:
23647:
23645:
23642:
23640:
23639:Easter Island
23637:
23635:
23632:
23630:
23627:
23625:
23622:
23621:
23619:
23613:
23607:
23604:
23602:
23599:
23598:
23596:
23590:
23584:
23581:
23579:
23576:
23574:
23571:
23569:
23566:
23564:
23561:
23559:
23556:
23554:
23551:
23549:
23546:
23544:
23541:
23539:
23536:
23534:
23531:
23529:
23526:
23524:
23521:
23519:
23516:
23515:
23513:
23509:
23505:
23498:
23493:
23491:
23486:
23484:
23479:
23478:
23475:
23472:
23468:
23465:
23463:
23459:
23453:
23450:
23446:
23443:
23442:
23441:
23438:
23434:
23431:
23429:
23426:
23425:
23423:
23421:
23418:
23414:
23411:
23409:
23406:
23404:
23401:
23400:
23398:
23394:
23391:
23390:
23388:
23387:
23385:
23381:
23375:
23372:
23370:
23367:
23365:
23362:
23360:
23357:
23355:
23352:
23350:
23347:
23345:
23342:
23340:
23337:
23335:
23332:
23330:
23327:
23325:
23322:
23320:
23317:
23315:
23312:
23310:
23307:
23305:
23302:
23300:
23297:
23295:
23292:
23290:
23287:
23285:
23282:
23280:
23277:
23275:
23272:
23270:
23267:
23265:
23262:
23261:
23259:
23255:
23249:
23246:
23242:
23239:
23238:
23237:
23234:
23232:
23229:
23227:
23224:
23222:
23219:
23217:
23214:
23212:
23209:
23207:
23204:
23202:
23199:
23197:
23194:
23192:
23189:
23187:
23184:
23182:
23181:Dugout (boat)
23179:
23177:
23174:
23172:
23169:
23167:
23164:
23162:
23159:
23158:
23156:
23152:
23144:
23143:
23139:
23137:
23136:
23132:
23131:
23130:
23127:
23123:
23122:
23118:
23117:
23116:
23113:
23111:
23108:
23106:
23103:
23101:
23098:
23096:
23093:
23091:
23088:
23086:
23083:
23081:
23078:
23076:
23073:
23071:
23068:
23066:
23063:
23061:
23058:
23056:
23053:
23051:
23048:
23046:
23043:
23039:
23036:
23035:
23034:
23031:
23029:
23028:New Caledonia
23026:
23024:
23021:
23019:
23016:
23014:
23011:
23009:
23006:
23002:
23001:
22997:
22996:
22995:
22992:
22988:
22987:
22983:
22981:
22980:
22976:
22975:
22974:
22971:
22969:
22968:Easter Island
22966:
22964:
22961:
22959:
22956:
22954:
22953:
22947:
22944:
22942:
22939:
22934:
22931:
22930:
22929:
22926:
22925:
22923:
22919:Geo-specific,
22917:
22911:
22908:
22906:
22903:
22901:
22898:
22896:
22893:
22891:
22888:
22886:
22883:
22881:
22878:
22876:
22873:
22872:
22870:
22868:Broad culture
22866:
22860:
22857:
22855:
22852:
22850:
22847:
22845:
22842:
22840:
22837:
22835:
22832:
22830:
22827:
22825:
22822:
22820:
22817:
22815:
22812:
22810:
22807:
22803:
22800:
22799:
22798:
22795:
22793:
22790:
22788:
22785:
22783:
22780:
22778:
22775:
22773:
22770:
22768:
22765:
22763:
22760:
22758:
22755:
22754:
22752:
22750:
22746:
22739:
22735:
22728:
22723:
22721:
22716:
22714:
22709:
22708:
22705:
22693:
22690:
22688:
22685:
22684:
22679:
22675:
22672:
22668:
22665:
22661:
22660:
22656:
22646:
22643:
22641:
22638:
22636:
22633:
22631:
22628:
22626:
22623:
22621:
22618:
22616:
22613:
22611:
22608:
22606:
22603:
22601:
22598:
22596:
22593:
22591:
22588:
22586:
22583:
22581:
22578:
22576:
22573:
22571:
22568:
22566:
22563:
22562:
22560:
22558:
22554:
22548:
22545:
22543:
22540:
22538:
22535:
22533:
22530:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22516:
22513:
22511:
22510:Ethnic groups
22508:
22506:
22503:
22502:
22501:
22498:
22496:
22493:
22491:
22488:
22486:
22483:
22481:
22478:
22476:
22473:
22471:
22468:
22466:
22463:
22461:
22458:
22456:
22453:
22451:
22448:
22446:
22443:
22441:
22438:
22436:
22433:
22431:
22428:
22427:
22424:
22421:
22419:
22415:
22405:
22402:
22400:
22397:
22395:
22392:
22390:
22387:
22385:
22382:
22380:
22377:
22375:
22372:
22370:
22367:
22365:
22362:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22352:
22350:
22349:Manufacturing
22347:
22345:
22342:
22338:
22335:
22334:
22333:
22330:
22328:
22325:
22323:
22320:
22318:
22315:
22313:
22310:
22309:
22306:
22303:
22301:
22297:
22285:
22282:
22281:
22280:
22277:
22273:
22270:
22269:
22268:
22265:
22261:
22258:
22257:
22256:
22253:
22252:
22250:
22248:
22244:
22238:
22235:
22231:
22228:
22226:
22223:
22222:
22221:
22218:
22216:
22213:
22209:
22206:
22204:
22203:Republicanism
22201:
22199:
22196:
22194:
22191:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22181:
22179:
22176:
22174:
22171:
22170:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22161:
22159:
22158:National debt
22156:
22154:
22151:
22149:
22146:
22142:
22139:
22137:
22134:
22132:
22129:
22128:
22127:
22124:
22122:
22119:
22115:
22112:
22110:
22107:
22105:
22102:
22101:
22100:
22097:
22095:
22092:
22090:
22087:
22083:
22080:
22078:
22075:
22073:
22070:
22069:
22068:
22065:
22063:
22060:
22058:
22055:
22053:
22050:
22049:
22046:
22043:
22041:
22037:
22027:
22024:
22022:
22019:
22017:
22014:
22013:
22011:
22009:
22005:
21999:
21996:
21994:
21991:
21989:
21986:
21984:
21981:
21979:
21976:
21974:
21971:
21969:
21966:
21964:
21961:
21959:
21956:
21954:
21951:
21949:
21946:
21942:
21939:
21938:
21937:
21934:
21932:
21929:
21927:
21924:
21922:
21919:
21917:
21914:
21913:
21910:
21907:
21905:
21901:
21891:
21888:
21886:
21883:
21881:
21878:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21866:
21863:
21861:
21858:
21856:
21853:
21851:
21848:
21846:
21843:
21842:
21840:
21836:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21820:
21817:
21815:
21812:
21810:
21807:
21805:
21802:
21800:
21797:
21795:
21792:
21790:
21787:
21785:
21782:
21781:
21778:
21775:
21773:
21769:
21765:
21761:
21754:
21749:
21747:
21742:
21740:
21735:
21734:
21731:
21716:
21715:
21710:
21706:
21702:
21698:
21694:
21690:
21686:
21682:
21678:
21674:
21662:
21658:
21654:
21642:
21638:
21626:
21622:
21618:
21614:
21610:
21606:
21605:
21599:
21596:
21595:
21590:
21585:
21570:
21566:
21561:
21557:
21551:
21544:
21539:
21524:
21520:
21518:0-7347-3542-1
21514:
21507:
21503:
21502:
21501:
21500:
21492:
21488:
21484:
21483:
21478:
21474:
21470:
21466:
21462:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21442:
21438:
21434:
21430:
21426:
21425:
21417:
21412:
21408:
21404:
21400:
21396:
21392:
21388:
21384:
21379:
21376:
21373:
21367:
21363:
21358:
21353:
21349:
21345:
21341:
21337:
21333:
21329:
21325:
21321:
21317:
21312:
21297:
21293:
21289:
21282:
21277:
21276:
21275:
21274:
21266:
21260:
21256:
21251:
21247:
21241:
21237:
21236:
21230:
21229:
21228:
21227:
21219:
21215:
21200:
21195:
21184:
21183:
21178:
21173:
21169:
21165:
21161:
21156:
21144:
21139:
21127:
21123:
21118:
21103:
21099:
21092:
21087:
21075:
21071:
21067:
21063:
21058:
21054:
21050:
21046:
21042:
21030:
21026:
21022:
21018:
21014:
21010:
20998:
20994:
20990:
20978:
20974:
20970:
20964:
20960:
20956:
20952:
20948:
20944:
20943:
20931:
20927:
20923:
20922:
20921:
20920:
20902:
20895:
20891:
20887:
20875:
20871:
20867:
20862:
20858:
20854:
20849:
20845:
20841:
20837:
20831:
20827:
20823:
20822:
20817:
20813:
20809:
20805:
20801:
20797:
20792:
20787:
20783:
20779:
20775:
20770:
20766:
20761:
20757:
20756:
20751:
20746:
20734:
20730:
20726:
20722:
20718:
20714:
20710:
20706:
20701:
20689:
20685:
20681:
20676:
20672:
20666:
20662:
20657:
20653:
20648:
20644:
20638:
20631:
20630:
20624:
20613:
20609:
20604:
20593:
20589:
20584:
20580:
20576:
20569:
20564:
20561:
20555:
20551:
20550:
20544:
20533:
20529:
20524:
20512:
20508:
20504:
20492:
20488:
20484:
20480:
20475:
20464:
20460:
20456:
20444:
20440:
20428:
20424:
20420:
20408:
20404:
20399:
20391:
20387:
20386:
20381:
20370:
20366:
20362:
20350:
20346:
20342:
20338:
20333:
20329:
20323:
20319:
20312:
20311:
20306:
20302:
20290:
20286:
20282:
20270:
20265:
20261:
20255:
20251:
20246:
20242:
20237:
20233:
20227:
20223:
20222:
20216:
20212:
20208:
20203:
20198:
20194:
20190:
20185:
20180:
20175:
20170:
20166:
20162:
20158:
20153:
20149:
20145:
20141:
20130:
20129:
20124:
20119:
20113:
20109:
20105:
20101:
20097:
20093:
20092:
20086:
20085:
20081:
20080:
20074:
20070:
20064:
20060:
20059:
20054:
20050:
20046:
20042:
20031:. 26 May 2011
20030:
20026:
20022:
20011:
20007:
20003:
19999:
19995:
19991:
19987:
19982:
19970:
19966:
19955:
19954:
19949:
19944:
19940:
19934:
19930:
19925:
19913:
19909:
19908:Common Ground
19905:
19901:
19897:
19891:
19884:
19883:
19877:
19873:
19869:
19865:
19861:
19857:
19853:
19849:
19845:
19841:
19837:
19830:
19825:
19813:
19809:
19805:
19801:
19797:
19792:
19789:. April 2012.
19788:
19781:
19777:
19773:
19768:
19764:
19760:
19756:
19744:
19740:
19739:
19734:
19730:
19718:
19714:
19710:
19706:
19702:
19698:
19693:
19689:
19683:
19679:
19675:
19671:
19670:Ryan, Lyndall
19667:
19656:
19652:
19647:
19643:
19639:
19634:
19630:
19624:
19617:
19616:
19610:
19606:
19602:
19597:
19592:
19588:
19584:
19580:
19576:
19572:
19567:
19555:
19551:
19547:
19543:
19539:
19535:
19531:
19528:(1): 83–100.
19527:
19523:
19518:
19514:
19508:
19504:
19497:
19492:
19488:
19482:
19478:
19477:Forgotten War
19473:
19461:
19457:
19453:
19441:
19437:
19433:
19429:
19427:
19423:
19420:
19419:
19405:
19401:
19397:
19393:
19389:
19385:
19381:
19377:
19362:
19358:
19346:
19342:
19335:
19331:
19319:
19315:
19311:
19304:
19300:
19294:
19287:
19286:
19280:
19276:
19272:
19267:
19262:
19258:
19254:
19250:
19246:
19242:
19238:
19234:
19229:
19218:
19214:
19210:
19198:
19194:
19190:
19186:
19182:
19177:
19165:
19161:
19157:
19145:
19141:
19137:
19133:
19129:
19122:
19115:
19111:
19099:
19095:
19091:
19075:
19070:
19066:
19062:
19050:
19046:
19042:
19037:
19033:
19029:
19025:
19019:
19015:
19010:
19006:
19000:
18996:
18991:
18987:
18981:
18977:
18972:
18968:
18964:
18960:
18956:
18951:
18947:
18943:
18939:
18935:
18931:
18927:
18922:
18910:
18906:
18905:"Our Country"
18902:
18891:
18890:
18885:
18880:
18876:
18869:
18865:
18861:
18856:
18852:
18848:
18844:
18840:
18836:
18832:
18827:
18815:
18811:
18807:
18796:
18792:
18788:
18784:
18780:
18769:
18765:
18760:
18748:
18743:
18731:
18727:
18723:
18712:
18708:
18703:
18691:
18687:
18683:
18679:
18675:
18671:
18666:
18662:
18656:
18652:
18648:
18647:
18641:
18637:
18633:
18629:
18625:
18620:
18608:
18604:
18592:
18588:
18584:
18580:
18576:
18571:
18559:
18558:
18553:
18549:
18537:
18533:
18518:
18511:
18507:
18503:
18499:
18495:
18491:
18487:
18483:
18479:
18475:
18470:
18466:
18461:
18457:
18453:
18448:
18441:
18434:
18429:
18418:
18414:
18413:
18408:
18403:
18391:
18387:
18375:
18371:
18366:
18362:
18358:
18353:
18349:
18345:
18338:
18333:
18321:
18317:
18313:
18301:
18297:
18285:
18280:
18276:
18271:
18267:
18263:
18259:
18255:
18250:
18246:
18242:
18238:
18234:
18230:
18226:
18222:
18218:
18217:
18211:
18200:
18196:
18191:
18179:
18175:
18170:
18158:
18154:
18150:
18145:
18134:
18130:
18125:
18121:
18117:
18112:
18107:
18103:
18099:
18095:
18090:
18084:
18080:
18075:
18070:
18066:
18062:
18058:
18054:
18050:
18045:
18041:
18037:
18033:
18029:
18025:
18024:
18019:
18014:
18010:
18004:
18000:
17995:
17991:
17985:
17981:
17977:
17976:
17970:
17959:
17958:
17953:
17948:
17944:
17940:
17936:
17932:
17927:
17922:
17917:
17912:
17908:
17904:
17900:
17896:
17892:
17887:
17883:
17879:
17874:
17869:
17865:
17861:
17857:
17853:
17849:
17845:
17841:
17836:
17832:
17828:
17824:
17820:
17815:
17810:
17806:
17802:
17798:
17794:
17790:
17786:
17782:
17777:
17765:
17761:
17756:
17752:
17748:
17744:
17740:
17736:
17732:
17727:
17723:
17719:
17714:
17708:
17704:
17700:
17696:
17692:
17687:
17683:
17679:
17675:
17671:
17667:
17663:
17659:
17655:
17651:
17647:
17640:
17635:
17623:
17619:
17615:
17611:
17599:
17595:
17591:
17587:
17582:
17578:
17577:
17572:
17567:
17555:
17551:
17546:
17542:
17536:
17532:
17528:
17523:
17512:
17508:
17503:
17491:
17486:
17474:
17470:
17466:
17462:
17458:
17454:
17449:
17444:
17440:
17436:
17431:
17426:
17422:
17418:
17414:
17409:
17405:
17400:
17396:
17390:
17386:
17382:
17377:
17365:
17360:
17349:
17345:
17340:
17328:
17324:
17320:
17305:
17301:
17289:
17288:"Land rights"
17285:
17281:
17277:
17273:
17269:
17265:
17260:
17249:
17245:
17240:
17229:
17225:
17220:
17209:
17205:
17200:
17189:
17185:
17180:
17176:
17172:
17167:
17155:
17151:
17147:
17142:
17130:
17126:
17122:
17118:
17114:
17108:
17104:
17099:
17087:
17083:
17079:
17075:
17070:
17066:
17062:
17057:
17053:
17048:
17037:
17033:
17028:
17016:
17012:
17007:
17003:
16999:
16994:
16989:
16985:
16981:
16977:
16973:
16969:
16964:
16960:
16956:
16951:
16939:
16935:
16934:"Karla Grant"
16931:
16920:
16916:
16912:
16900:
16896:
16892:
16880:
16876:
16872:
16868:
16864:
16859:
16855:
16849:
16845:
16840:
16828:
16824:
16820:
16808:
16804:
16800:
16796:
16792:
16788:
16776:
16772:
16760:
16756:
16752:
16740:
16736:
16732:
16721:. 3 June 2015
16720:
16716:
16712:
16700:
16696:
16692:
16680:
16676:
16672:
16668:
16656:
16652:
16648:
16644:
16632:
16628:
16624:
16617:
16613:
16606:
16601:
16597:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16578:
16573:
16569:
16565:
16561:
16557:
16553:
16548:
16537:
16536:
16531:
16526:
16522:
16518:
16513:
16508:
16504:
16500:
16499:
16494:
16489:
16478:
16474:
16469:
16457:
16452:
16441:
16437:
16433:
16428:
16424:
16420:
16416:
16411:
16400:
16396:
16391:
16379:
16375:
16371:
16359:
16355:
16351:
16339:
16335:
16331:
16319:
16315:
16311:
16299:
16295:
16291:
16287:
16283:
16279:
16276:. p. 79.
16275:
16274:
16268:
16257:
16253:
16248:
16236:
16232:
16228:
16224:
16220:
16219:
16214:
16209:
16197:
16193:
16189:
16178:
16174:
16169:
16157:
16152:
16141:
16137:
16132:
16128:
16124:
16119:
16115:
16111:
16106:
16091:
16087:
16080:
16075:
16064:
16060:
16055:
16051:
16047:
16046:
16041:
16036:
16024:
16019:
16015:
16011:
16005:
16001:
15996:
15995:
15989:
15985:
15981:
15975:
15971:
15967:
15963:
15952:
15948:
15943:
15931:
15927:
15923:
15919:
15915:
15909:
15905:
15900:
15888:
15884:
15879:
15875:
15871:
15867:
15861:
15857:
15852:
15845:
15840:
15836:
15831:
15827:
15822:
15818:
15813:
15809:
15805:
15804:
15798:
15797:
15790:
15786:
15782:
15778:
15774:
15767:
15762:
15758:
15754:
15750:
15744:
15740:
15736:
15731:
15727:
15721:
15714:
15713:
15707:
15703:
15697:
15693:
15689:
15685:
15681:
15666:
15659:
15655:
15644:
15640:
15636:
15632:
15628:
15616:
15612:
15608:
15596:
15592:
15588:
15584:
15578:
15574:
15573:
15567:
15555:
15551:
15547:
15543:
15537:
15533:
15529:
15524:
15520:
15515:
15512:
15508:
15502:
15496:
15492:
15488:
15487:
15482:
15470:
15463:
15459:
15455:
15451:
15444:
15443:
15437:
15433:
15427:
15423:
15418:
15414:
15408:
15404:
15399:
15387:
15383:
15371:
15367:
15363:
15351:
15347:
15343:
15331:
15327:
15323:
15319:
15313:
15309:
15304:
15292:
15288:
15284:
15272:
15267:
15263:
15259:
15255:
15251:
15247:
15243:
15238:
15227:
15226:Common Ground
15223:
15219:
15207:
15203:
15199:
15195:
15191:
15187:
15183:
15179:
15173:
15169:
15168:
15162:
15150:
15146:
15142:
15138:
15133:
15121:
15117:
15113:
15109:
15105:
15104:
15098:
15087:
15083:
15079:
15075:
15074:
15069:
15064:
15060:
15056:
15052:
15048:
15043:
15039:
15035:
15030:
15026:
15022:
15017:
15006:
15002:
14997:
14985:
14981:
14977:
14972:
14960:
14955:
14951:
14947:
14943:
14939:
14935:
14931:
14927:
14923:
14918:
14914:
14910:
14906:
14895:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14880:
14874:
14870:
14865:
14853:
14849:
14848:
14843:
14838:
14827:
14823:
14818:
14806:
14802:
14798:
14794:
14790:
14786:
14783:, (1983) 158
14782:
14778:
14776:
14771:
14760:
14756:
14752:
14740:
14736:
14724:
14720:
14716:
14705:
14701:
14696:
14684:
14680:
14668:
14664:
14652:
14648:
14644:
14640:
14625:
14621:
14615:
14608:
14607:
14602:
14590:
14586:
14582:
14570:
14566:
14562:
14558:
14546:
14542:
14538:
14534:
14530:
14526:
14522:
14517:
14512:
14508:
14504:
14500:
14496:
14492:
14488:
14483:
14472:
14468:
14463:
14459:
14455:
14443:
14439:
14435:
14423:
14419:
14415:
14411:
14405:
14401:
14397:
14392:
14380:
14376:
14371:
14367:
14363:
14358:
14353:
14349:
14345:
14341:
14336:
14332:
14326:
14322:
14321:
14315:
14311:
14307:
14303:
14298:
14286:
14282:
14277:
14265:
14260:
14256:
14250:
14246:
14242:
14241:
14236:
14232:
14228:
14225:
14222:
14219:
14216:
14213:
14210:
14207:
14204:
14201:
14198:
14195:
14192:
14189:
14186:
14183:
14182:
14170:
14166:
14162:
14158:
14154:
14150:
14146:
14141:
14137:
14133:
14129:
14125:
14121:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14101:
14100:
14093:
14089:
14083:
14079:
14078:
14072:
14068:
14062:
14058:
14053:
14042:
14038:
14033:
14026:
14025:
14019:
14015:
14003:
13998:
13994:
13993:
13988:
13984:
13972:
13968:
13964:
13952:
13948:
13944:
13940:
13934:
13930:
13925:
13914:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13898:
13894:
13890:
13886:
13882:
13878:
13874:
13869:
13858:
13857:
13852:
13847:
13836:
13832:
13827:
13812:
13807:
13803:
13799:
13794:
13782:
13781:
13776:
13772:
13760:
13756:
13744:
13740:
13736:
13724:
13720:
13716:
13704:
13700:
13696:
13692:
13680:
13676:
13671:
13659:
13655:
13651:
13648:
13644:
13639:
13626:. 1 July 2022
13625:
13621:
13617:
13602:
13598:
13591:
13587:
13583:
13579:
13575:
13571:
13567:
13563:
13559:
13555:
13551:
13546:
13535:
13528:
13524:
13520:
13516:
13512:
13508:
13504:
13498:
13494:
13489:
13474:
13467:
13463:
13459:
13447:
13443:
13438:
13435:
13424:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13406:
13402:
13396:
13392:
13385:
13380:
13376:
13372:
13367:
13362:
13357:
13352:
13348:
13344:
13340:
13335:
13331:
13327:
13322:
13317:
13313:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13295:
13291:
13287:
13283:
13279:
13274:
13262:
13258:
13254:
13242:
13238:
13234:
13230:
13226:
13222:
13210:
13206:
13202:
13198:
13186:
13182:
13178:
13174:
13170:
13158:
13157:
13152:
13148:
13136:
13132:
13120:
13116:
13112:
13108:
13104:
13100:
13088:
13084:
13083:Common Ground
13080:
13076:
13064:
13060:
13056:
13052:
13048:
13044:
13040:
13038:
13025:
13021:
13017:
13005:
13001:
12997:
12993:
12989:
12985:
12973:
12969:
12965:
12961:
12957:
12951:
12946:
12945:
12939:
12935:
12931:
12927:
12923:
12911:
12907:
12903:
12891:
12887:
12883:
12879:
12875:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12844:
12840:
12836:
12825:. 4 May 2010a
12824:
12820:
12816:
12804:
12800:
12796:
12784:
12780:
12776:
12772:
12760:
12756:
12745:. 6 July 2017
12744:
12740:
12736:
12724:
12720:
12716:
12712:
12700:
12696:
12692:
12680:
12676:
12672:
12668:
12657:. 25 May 2009
12656:
12652:
12648:
12636:
12632:
12620:
12616:
12604:
12600:
12588:
12584:
12580:
12576:
12572:
12568:
12564:
12552:
12548:
12536:
12532:
12528:
12524:
12520:
12508:
12504:
12500:
12496:
12484:
12480:
12476:
12472:
12468:
12464:
12460:
12456:
12452:
12440:
12436:
12432:
12431:
12419:
12417:
12411:
12404:
12399:
12392:
12387:
12380:
12378:
12372:
12365:
12363:
12357:
12350:
12345:
12338:
12333:
12326:
12321:
12314:
12309:
12302:
12297:
12290:
12285:
12278:
12273:
12266:
12265:Neubauer 2013
12261:
12259:
12257:
12249:
12244:
12237:
12232:
12225:
12220:
12213:
12208:
12201:
12196:
12189:
12184:
12177:
12172:
12165:
12160:
12153:
12152:Karvelas 2012
12148:
12141:
12136:
12129:
12124:
12117:
12115:
12109:
12102:
12097:
12090:
12085:
12078:
12073:
12066:
12061:
12059:
12051:
12050:Zaunmayr 2022
12046:
12039:
12034:
12027:
12022:
12015:
12010:
12003:
11998:
11991:
11986:
11979:
11977:
11971:
11964:
11959:
11952:
11951:ABC News 2013
11947:
11945:
11937:
11932:
11925:
11920:
11913:
11908:
11901:
11896:
11894:
11878:
11877:YES! Magazine
11874:
11868:
11853:
11849:
11843:
11836:
11831:
11824:
11819:
11812:
11807:
11800:
11795:
11788:
11783:
11776:
11771:
11764:
11759:
11752:
11747:
11740:
11735:
11728:
11723:
11716:
11711:
11704:
11699:
11692:
11687:
11680:
11675:
11668:
11663:
11656:
11651:
11643:
11639:
11635:
11628:
11621:
11616:
11609:
11604:
11597:
11592:
11590:
11588:
11580:
11575:
11568:
11563:
11561:
11553:
11552:Dovetail 2019
11548:
11541:
11536:
11529:
11524:
11517:
11512:
11505:
11500:
11493:
11488:
11481:
11479:
11473:
11466:
11461:
11459:
11457:
11455:
11447:
11442:
11435:
11430:
11428:
11420:
11415:
11408:
11403:
11401:
11399:
11397:
11395:
11387:
11382:
11376:, p. 45.
11375:
11370:
11363:
11358:
11352:, p. 79.
11351:
11350:Hilferti 2010
11346:
11339:
11334:
11327:
11322:
11315:
11310:
11303:
11298:
11291:
11286:
11279:
11274:
11267:
11262:
11255:
11250:
11243:
11238:
11231:
11226:
11219:
11214:
11207:
11206:Mulvaney 1990
11202:
11195:
11190:
11183:
11178:
11171:
11166:
11159:
11154:
11147:
11145:
11139:
11132:
11127:
11120:
11115:
11108:
11103:
11096:
11091:
11084:
11079:
11072:
11067:
11060:
11055:
11048:
11043:
11036:
11031:
11024:
11019:
11012:
11007:
11000:
10995:
10988:
10983:
10976:
10971:
10964:
10959:
10952:
10947:
10940:
10935:
10928:
10923:
10916:
10911:
10909:
10901:
10896:
10889:
10884:
10882:
10874:
10869:
10862:
10857:
10850:
10845:
10838:
10833:
10826:
10825:Lockwood 2017
10821:
10814:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10797:
10792:
10785:
10780:
10773:
10768:
10761:
10756:
10754:
10746:
10741:
10734:
10729:
10723:, p. 12.
10722:
10717:
10711:, p. 60.
10710:
10705:
10698:
10693:
10686:
10681:
10674:
10669:
10662:
10657:
10650:
10645:
10638:
10633:
10626:
10621:
10614:
10609:
10607:
10599:
10594:
10587:
10582:
10575:
10570:
10563:
10558:
10551:
10546:
10539:
10534:
10532:
10524:
10519:
10512:
10507:
10500:
10495:
10493:
10485:
10480:
10473:
10468:
10461:
10456:
10454:
10452:
10450:
10442:
10437:
10435:
10427:
10422:
10416:, p. 10.
10415:
10410:
10403:
10398:
10391:
10386:
10384:
10376:
10371:
10369:
10361:
10356:
10354:
10346:
10341:
10334:
10329:
10323:, p. 17.
10322:
10321:Bleakley 1929
10317:
10310:
10305:
10298:
10293:
10286:
10281:
10274:
10269:
10262:
10260:
10254:
10247:
10242:
10235:
10230:
10223:
10218:
10211:
10206:
10198:
10194:
10190:
10184:
10177:
10172:
10165:
10160:
10153:
10148:
10146:
10138:
10133:
10126:
10121:
10114:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10103:
10095:
10090:
10088:
10080:
10075:
10073:
10065:
10060:
10053:
10048:
10041:
10040:ABC News 2019
10036:
10029:
10024:
10017:
10012:
10005:
10000:
9993:
9988:
9981:
9976:
9969:
9964:
9962:
9954:
9949:
9942:
9937:
9930:
9925:
9918:
9913:
9906:
9901:
9894:
9889:
9882:
9877:
9870:
9865:
9858:
9853:
9846:
9841:
9834:
9829:
9822:
9817:
9815:
9813:
9805:
9800:
9793:
9788:
9781:
9776:
9769:
9764:
9757:
9752:
9745:
9740:
9733:
9728:
9721:
9716:
9709:
9704:
9697:
9692:
9685:
9680:
9673:
9668:
9661:
9659:
9653:
9646:
9641:
9634:
9629:
9622:
9621:
9615:
9608:
9604:
9603:Cronshaw 2018
9599:
9593:, p. 79.
9592:
9587:
9585:
9577:
9572:
9570:
9568:
9566:
9564:
9548:
9544:
9538:
9531:
9526:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9506:
9499:
9494:
9487:
9486:Reynolds 2013
9482:
9475:
9470:
9463:
9458:
9451:
9446:
9439:
9434:
9432:
9424:
9423:Richards 2014
9419:
9412:
9410:
9404:
9397:
9392:
9385:
9380:
9373:
9372:Melville 2016
9368:
9361:
9356:
9349:
9344:
9337:
9336:Simmonds 2015
9332:
9325:
9320:
9318:
9316:
9308:
9303:
9301:
9299:
9291:
9290:NMA: APA 2021
9286:
9279:
9274:
9267:
9262:
9255:
9250:
9243:
9238:
9231:
9226:
9219:
9214:
9207:
9202:
9195:
9193:
9187:
9180:
9175:
9168:
9163:
9156:
9151:
9144:
9139:
9132:
9131:Campbell 2007
9127:
9120:
9115:
9108:
9103:
9096:
9091:
9089:
9081:
9076:
9074:
9066:
9061:
9054:
9049:
9043:, p. 18.
9042:
9037:
9035:
9027:
9022:
9015:
9010:
9003:
8998:
8991:
8986:
8979:
8977:
8971:
8964:
8959:
8952:
8947:
8940:
8935:
8928:
8923:
8921:
8913:
8908:
8906:
8898:
8893:
8886:
8881:
8874:
8869:
8862:
8860:
8854:
8847:
8842:
8836:, pp. ?.
8835:
8830:
8823:
8818:
8811:
8806:
8804:
8796:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8779:
8774:
8767:
8762:
8755:
8750:
8743:
8738:
8731:
8726:
8719:
8714:
8707:
8702:
8695:
8690:
8683:
8678:
8671:
8666:
8659:
8658:Callaway 2011
8654:
8647:
8642:
8635:
8630:
8628:
8620:
8615:
8608:
8603:
8596:
8591:
8584:
8579:
8572:
8567:
8560:
8555:
8548:
8543:
8536:
8531:
8524:
8519:
8512:
8507:
8500:
8495:
8493:
8485:
8480:
8478:
8470:
8465:
8463:
8455:
8450:
8443:
8438:
8431:
8426:
8419:
8414:
8407:
8402:
8395:
8390:
8383:
8378:
8376:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8351:
8344:
8339:
8332:
8327:
8320:
8315:
8308:
8303:
8296:
8291:
8284:
8279:
8272:
8267:
8260:
8255:
8248:
8243:
8236:
8235:McGregor 2016
8231:
8224:
8219:
8212:
8207:
8200:
8199:ABC News 2015
8195:
8188:
8183:
8176:
8171:
8164:
8159:
8152:
8147:
8140:
8135:
8128:
8123:
8116:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8091:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8074:
8069:
8062:
8057:
8050:
8045:
8043:
8036:, p. 75.
8035:
8030:
8023:
8018:
8011:
8006:
8004:
7996:
7991:
7984:
7979:
7972:
7967:
7960:
7955:
7948:
7943:
7936:
7931:
7929:
7921:
7916:
7909:
7904:
7897:
7892:
7885:
7880:
7873:
7872:Latimore 2021
7868:
7861:
7856:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7832:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7808:
7801:
7799:
7793:
7786:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7762:
7757:
7750:
7745:
7738:
7733:
7726:
7725:Sentance 2020
7721:
7714:
7710:
7705:
7698:
7697:ABC News 2017
7693:
7687:, p. 28.
7686:
7681:
7674:
7669:
7667:
7659:
7654:
7647:
7642:
7640:
7632:
7627:
7625:
7616:
7612:
7605:
7598:
7593:
7591:
7583:
7578:
7576:
7568:
7563:
7561:
7553:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7534:
7529:
7522:
7517:
7510:
7505:
7503:
7495:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7459:Common Ground
7455:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7420:
7413:
7408:
7406:
7398:
7393:
7386:
7381:
7379:
7371:
7370:Stats NZ 2018
7366:
7359:
7354:
7350:
7335:
7328:
7322:
7312:
7305:
7299:
7293:, p. 156
7292:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7266:
7265:: "Victoria".
7264:
7258:
7252:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7224:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7203:
7196:
7190:
7180:
7173:
7168:
7161:
7155:
7146:
7136:
7132:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7010:
7007:
6996:
6989:
6987:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6927:Jacqui Lambie
6924:
6920:
6916:
6915:Aden Ridgeway
6912:
6908:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6896:David Unaipon
6893:
6889:
6885:
6884:Christine Anu
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6834:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6805:Cathy Freeman
6802:
6797:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6747:
6745:
6740:
6737:
6732:
6730:
6729:terra nullius
6726:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6674:Maggie Walter
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6622:Frank Brennan
6619:
6615:
6611:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6542:
6537:
6535:
6534:Jenny Macklin
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6440:2022 election
6436:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6356:
6352:
6349:(CLP) became
6348:
6344:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6320:Liberal Party
6317:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6303:(Labor, 2016–
6302:
6298:
6294:
6291:(Labor, 2016–
6290:
6286:
6282:
6281:Jacqui Lambie
6278:
6274:
6273:Aden Ridgeway
6270:
6266:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6215:Australia Day
6212:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6180:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6151:
6150:
6142:
6138:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6098:, along with
6097:
6090:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6044:
6041:In 2007, the
6039:
6037:
6033:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6018:
6013:
6006:
5996:
5993:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5843:alcohol abuse
5840:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5802:Mental health
5797:Mental health
5794:
5791:
5782:
5780:
5779:mental health
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5755:renal disease
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5719:youth justice
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5543:Gorden Tallis
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5515:Cathy Freeman
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5438:Graham Farmer
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5333:
5323:
5321:
5320:Steven Oliver
5317:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5302:sketch comedy
5298:
5296:
5295:
5294:Total Control
5290:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5278:Sweet Country
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5253:Shari Sebbens
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5192:Aaron Fa'aoso
5189:
5188:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5147:Phillip Noyce
5144:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5103:The Last Wave
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5086:Fred Schepisi
5083:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5058:Ngarla Kunoth
5055:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4984:
4983:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:Alexis Wright
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:Kevin Gilbert
4888:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4867:(1924–1925).
4866:
4862:
4861:David Unaipon
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4826:
4817:
4816:David Unaipon
4811:
4801:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4766:
4765:Hip hop music
4762:
4758:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4652:(1915–2000).
4651:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4623:(1902–1959).
4622:
4611:
4610:William Barak
4607:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:the Kimberley
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4523:bark painting
4518:
4512:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4434:
4428:
4418:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4402:Christian God
4398:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4201:
4200:William Barak
4197:
4192:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4172:agglutinative
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4029:
4024:
4016:
4011:
4003:
3998:
3990:
3985:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3784:
3779:
3761:
3747:
3733:
3719:
3709:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3683:Federal Court
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3618:blood quantum
3615:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3395:alcohol abuse
3392:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:Jenny Macklin
3371:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3295:Aden Ridgeway
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:Gibson Desert
3220:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:Olympic flame
3190:
3189:Cathy Freeman
3186:
3182:
3178:
3177:the Kangaroos
3174:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3138:Liberal Party
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:Liberal Party
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:terra nullius
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3054:Gough Whitlam
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3041:terra nullius
3037:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3011:The landmark
3009:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:. A group of
2963:
2956:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2933:
2932:Alice Springs
2929:
2925:
2920:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2841:Although, as
2839:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2781:
2776:
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25330:Papunya Tula
25325:NATSIA Award
25313:Music groups
25235:Scarred tree
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24810:The Dreaming
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24219:Austronesian
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22772:Cook Islands
22678:Bibliography
22565:Architecture
22522:Prostitution
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22505:Demographics
22470:Homelessness
22369:Reserve Bank
22183:Conservatism
22131:Constitution
22099:Human rights
22057:Constitution
22008:Subdivisions
21789:Bibliography
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12503:Life Matters
12502:
12487:. Retrieved
12443:. Retrieved
12439:the original
12415:
12410:
12398:
12386:
12376:
12371:
12366:, p. 4.
12361:
12356:
12344:
12337:Dunstan 2019
12332:
12320:
12308:
12296:
12284:
12272:
12243:
12231:
12219:
12207:
12195:
12183:
12171:
12164:Pearson 2017
12159:
12147:
12135:
12123:
12113:
12108:
12096:
12084:
12072:
12045:
12033:
12021:
12009:
12002:Collard 2022
11997:
11990:Jaensch 1994
11985:
11975:
11970:
11958:
11931:
11919:
11907:
11880:. Retrieved
11876:
11867:
11855:. Retrieved
11851:
11842:
11830:
11818:
11811:Convery 2021
11806:
11794:
11787:Spinney 2016
11782:
11770:
11758:
11746:
11734:
11722:
11710:
11698:
11686:
11674:
11667:Biddle et al
11662:
11650:
11641:
11637:
11627:
11615:
11603:
11574:
11547:
11535:
11523:
11511:
11499:
11487:
11477:
11472:
11441:
11414:
11381:
11369:
11357:
11345:
11333:
11321:
11314:Black Comedy
11309:
11297:
11285:
11273:
11261:
11249:
11237:
11225:
11213:
11201:
11189:
11177:
11165:
11153:
11143:
11138:
11131:Sweeney 2008
11126:
11114:
11102:
11095:Lehmann 1997
11090:
11078:
11066:
11054:
11042:
11030:
11018:
11006:
10999:Rurenga 2017
10994:
10982:
10970:
10958:
10946:
10934:
10922:
10895:
10868:
10856:
10844:
10832:
10820:
10813:Mundine 2005
10791:
10779:
10767:
10745:Andrews 2004
10740:
10728:
10716:
10704:
10692:
10680:
10668:
10656:
10644:
10632:
10620:
10593:
10581:
10569:
10557:
10545:
10518:
10506:
10479:
10467:
10462:, p. 5.
10443:, p. 6.
10426:Arcioni 2012
10421:
10409:
10402:Arcioni 2012
10397:
10375:Connell 1998
10345:AustLII 1983
10340:
10333:Spencer 2006
10328:
10316:
10304:
10292:
10280:
10268:
10258:
10253:
10241:
10229:
10217:
10205:
10197:the original
10192:
10183:
10171:
10159:
10132:
10125:Brennan 2008
10120:
10094:McKenna 2000
10059:
10052:Thorley 2006
10047:
10035:
10023:
10011:
9999:
9987:
9975:
9968:Gobbett 2017
9948:
9936:
9924:
9912:
9900:
9888:
9876:
9864:
9852:
9840:
9828:
9799:
9787:
9775:
9768:AustLII 1934
9763:
9751:
9739:
9727:
9715:
9703:
9691:
9679:
9672:McIlroy 2015
9667:
9657:
9652:
9640:
9628:
9619:
9614:
9607:Bottoms 2013
9598:
9550:. Retrieved
9546:
9537:
9525:
9505:
9493:
9481:
9469:
9457:
9445:
9418:
9408:
9403:
9391:
9379:
9367:
9355:
9343:
9331:
9285:
9273:
9261:
9249:
9237:
9225:
9213:
9201:
9196:, p. 7.
9191:
9186:
9174:
9167:Carmody 2013
9162:
9155:McIlroy 2013
9150:
9138:
9126:
9114:
9102:
9060:
9048:
9021:
9009:
8997:
8985:
8975:
8970:
8958:
8946:
8934:
8892:
8880:
8868:
8863:, p. 3.
8858:
8853:
8841:
8834:Tindale 1974
8829:
8817:
8810:Gammage 2011
8773:
8761:
8749:
8737:
8725:
8713:
8701:
8689:
8677:
8665:
8653:
8641:
8614:
8602:
8590:
8578:
8566:
8554:
8542:
8530:
8518:
8506:
8499:William 2013
8449:
8437:
8425:
8413:
8401:
8389:
8362:
8350:
8338:
8326:
8314:
8302:
8290:
8278:
8266:
8254:
8242:
8230:
8223:Ferrier 2015
8218:
8206:
8194:
8187:McNiven 2004
8182:
8170:
8158:
8146:
8134:
8122:
8068:
8056:
8034:Blainey 1980
8029:
8017:
7997:, p. 1.
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7942:
7915:
7903:
7891:
7879:
7867:
7855:
7843:
7836:Guantai 2015
7831:
7824:Gilbert 1977
7819:
7807:
7802:, p. 1.
7797:
7792:
7780:
7768:
7756:
7744:
7732:
7720:
7704:
7692:
7680:
7653:
7614:
7604:
7567:AIATSIS 2014
7528:
7516:
7494:AIATSIS 2015
7466:
7433:. June 2023.
7428:
7419:
7392:
7365:
7353:
7334:
7321:
7316:Press, 1994.
7311:
7298:
7285:
7271:
7262:
7256:
7251:
7227:
7223:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7202:
7195:Thomson 2001
7189:
7179:
7167:
7154:
7145:
7135:
6983:
6963:Noel Pearson
6959:native title
6951:Freedom Ride
6931:Linda Burney
6904:
6861:
6838:
6762:Settlement (
6748:
6741:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6721:In 1992, in
6720:
6705:
6666:Benson Saulo
6662:Noel Pearson
6650:Vonda Malone
6582:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6545:Bill Shorten
6538:
6525:Expert Panel
6514:
6510:Noel Pearson
6483:
6477:, as in the
6472:
6453:
6445:
6437:
6414:
6394:Carol Martin
6390:Ernie Bridge
6379:
6360:
6340:
6336:Linda Burney
6309:
6304:
6292:
6284:
6262:
6247:
6217:) 1938: The
6213:26 January (
6192:
6178:
6167:
6139:
6132:
6116:
6104:disadvantage
6092:
6068:
6061:sexual abuse
6050:
6040:
6029:
6021:
6008:
5988:
5984:
5979:
5977:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5951:
5944:
5914:
5896:
5874:
5863:
5853:("ice") and
5836:
5800:
5792:
5788:
5763:tuberculosis
5752:
5741:
5685:
5662:
5642:
5638:oral culture
5614:
5571:
5559:Nathan Jawai
5547:rugby league
5539:Laurie Daley
5507:major tennis
5497:
5474:
5406:Yarra Valley
5386:Djab wurrung
5366:
5307:Black Comedy
5305:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5276:
5261:Luke Carroll
5249:Leah Purcell
5218:
5207:
5185:
5170:Rolf de Heer
5168:directed by
5163:
5157:
5150:
5136:
5133:Rolf de Heer
5118:
5112:
5108:AACTA Awards
5101:
5079:
5069:
5047:
5046:
5034:
5011:
5000:
4963:
4956:Bruce Pascoe
4947:
4944:Noel Pearson
4937:
4936:, who wrote
4924:; in poetry
4899:
4880:
4877:Sally Morgan
4873:We Are Going
4872:
4864:
4858:
4839:
4832:Noel Pearson
4784:
4769:
4754:
4715:
4691:
4679:East Journey
4643:
4632:
4625:
4606:Papunya Tula
4595:
4555:
4520:
4494:
4479:Injalak Arts
4411:
4389:Christianity
4386:
4370:
4362:
4345:missionaries
4302:
4287:oral history
4283:
4261:
4224:the Dreaming
4220:
4176:declensional
4145:
4123:
4113:
4110:Aldo Massola
4102:
4098:
4087:
4069:
4061:
3896:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3855:
3829:
3818:
3806:
3797:Constitution
3794:
3702:Demographics
3694:
3686:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3663:In 1983 the
3662:
3652:World War II
3648:
3645:situations:
3620:, birth and
3611:
3596:Murray River
3592:
3434:
3432:
3412:
3402:
3388:
3372:
3352:
3342:
3334:
3315:
3312:21st century
3299:
3280:
3271:
3261:
3249:
3231:
3209:
3166:
3150:Linda Burney
3099:
3090:
3072:
3061:
3039:
3033:
3021:Commonwealth
3019:allowed the
3010:
2974:
2970:Freedom Ride
2958:
2896:
2876:
2873:
2840:
2823:
2795:
2550:
2460:Amazon Watch
2163:In 1963 the
2150:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2112:Lyndall Ryan
2104:
2061:
2036:blackbirding
2029:
2014:
1995:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1942:Darug people
1938:tuberculosis
1927:
1895:
1879:
1859:Tiwi Islands
1848:
1814:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1751:
1710:
1594:tribal land
1587:Estimates of
1569:
1561:
1550:
1524:, whalebone
1479:
1471:
1462:parsnip yams
1459:
1446:
1437:Murray River
1429:scarred tree
1414:River Murray
1410:semi-nomadic
1399:
1394:
1367:
1358:Haplogroup N
1354:Haplogroup M
1351:
1327:haplogroup S
1323:haplogroup M
1319:haplogroup Q
1315:Haplogroup R
1304:
1266:
1226:Australasian
1207:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1141:Lake Mungo 3
1140:
1130:
1119:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
920:
910:
902:
887:
863:
836:
830:
814:
786:Tiwi Islands
752:in northern
747:
720:
717:
697:
652:
637:
633:
628:
620:
612:
608:
606:
588:
575:Living Black
573:
572:
560:Living Black
559:
544:
514:
511:
507:
493:
489:
480:
476:
439:
411:Murray River
407:
395:
364:
347:
345:
337:
300:
299:
255:Christianity
47:Ethnic group
44:
25531:Land rights
25434:King plates
25250:Sweet foods
25220:Food groups
25190:Bush tucker
24930:Language(s)
24865:NAIDOC Week
24815:Enumeration
24724:Individuals
24689:Communities
24455:New Zealand
24288:Micronesian
24278:Marshallese
24147:Micronesian
24019:New Zealand
23959:Austronesia
23793:New Zealand
23697:by category
23548:New Zealand
23433:Te Matatini
23284:firewalking
23033:New Zealand
22979:Lau Islands
22941:Austronesia
22809:nguzu nguzu
22797:New Zealand
22767:Austronesia
22640:Anglosphere
22480:Immigration
22445:Citizenship
22312:Agriculture
22198:Nationalism
22141:Enforcement
22114:Transgender
21948:Earthquakes
21936:Environment
21870:Immigration
21799:Archaeology
21689:"Home page"
21677:"Home page"
21657:"Home page"
21641:"Home page"
21631:14 November
21532:23 December
20919:Web sources
20784:(1): 1–32.
20767:. ABC News.
20573:. Letters.
20400:(Australia)
20243:. ABC News.
20184:2440/137331
20128:If Magazine
19904:"Songlines"
19628:064225684-5
18783:Ogden, John
18467:. ABC News.
18277:. ABC News.
18199:news.com.au
17353:20 December
17092:20 November
17021:20 November
16944:9 September
16853:073152076-9
16725:24 November
16505:: 203–222.
16344:23 November
16162:20 November
16099:16 December
15372:. June 2016
15352:. June 2022
15126:20 November
14791:(Australia)
14516:2440/107043
14041:IndigenousX
13267:23 November
13247:9 September
13141:20 December
13103:"Aborigine"
12829:14 November
12789:11 November
12289:Howden 2015
11823:Haydar 2021
11727:Korff 2021b
11516:AG.DoH 2017
11071:Newton 1990
11035:Graves 2017
10888:Korff 2019b
10873:Mercer 2003
10234:Hawley 2009
10164:Gibson 2007
10004:Norman 2016
9708:Marten 2002
9591:Lemkin 1944
9576:Wilson 1997
9510:Harman 2018
9396:Korff 2018a
9360:Murphy 2017
9348:Korff 2018b
9254:Condon 2011
9218:Connor 2016
9206:Pascoe 2007
9053:Morris 2001
9041:Broome 2010
8976:Cook, James
8939:Horton 1996
8897:Pascoe 2015
8795:Pascoe 2018
8535:Wright 2017
8394:Cooper 2001
8319:Marcus 2016
8307:Loxley 2002
8247:Harper 2017
8010:Madley 2012
7995:Pardoe 1991
7947:Boehme 2017
7658:Ballyn 2011
7631:Pardoe 2006
7584:, p. .
7385:Korff 2021a
7278:Horton 2015
7160:Taylor 2008
7105:NAIDOC Week
7089:IndigenousX
6986:Kelvin Kong
6975:Mick Dodson
6967:Jean Little
6880:Yothu Yindi
6872:Ernie Dingo
6753:, like the
6658:Alison Page
6646:Chris Kenny
6521:bi-partisan
6490:John Howard
6475:seat quotas
6200:Yorta Yorta
6102:; economic
5563:Patty Mills
5555:rugby union
5527:Lionel Rose
5446:Adam Goodes
5390:Jardwadjali
5357:Mondellimin
5316:Adam Briggs
5312:Nakkiah Lui
5269:Wayne Blair
5257:Sally Riley
5187:The Straits
5174:Yolŋu Matha
5138:The Tracker
5129:Bryan Brown
5125:Ernie Dingo
5115:Nick Parson
5054:colour film
5042:F.J. Gillen
4942:(2008) and
4930:Anita Heiss
4926:Yvette Holt
4922:Nakkiah Lui
4844:written by
4730:Bullroarers
4726:Arnhem Land
4724:region and
4711:Arnhem Land
4707:A. P. Elkin
4619:–1903) and
4617: 1824
4598:watercolour
4579:Arnhem Land
4475:Arnhem Land
3866:2016 census
3862:2011 census
3790: 1933
3695:Shaw v Wolf
3468:Percentage
3465:Population
3359:child abuse
3349:John Howard
3291:John Howard
3179:. In 1982,
3104:joined the
3029:section 127
3017:Harold Holt
2994:Kev Carmody
2922:Picture of
2888:First Fleet
2869: 1860
2723:Philippines
2703:New Zealand
2375:initiatives
2251:Land rights
2173:Arnhem Land
1954:First Fleet
1898:Rockhampton
1883:New Zealand
1820:First Fleet
1786:First Fleet
1766:New Holland
1607:Queensland
1592:Traditional
1530:Corranderrk
1522:Arnhem Land
1518:stringybark
1294:Philippines
1222:Melanesians
1171:Arnhem Land
782:Tiwi people
743: 1881
683: 1858
649:Thelma Plum
621:Blak lik mi
580:Karla Grant
547:skin colour
503:colonialist
492:(from) and
448:Terminology
415:First Fleet
293:Melanesians
261:no religion
190:New Zealand
67:2021 census
40:Australians
25765:Categories
25422:Prehistory
25345:Visual art
25298:Didgeridoo
25210:Fibrecraft
25185:Bush bread
25051:Mass media
24978:Placenames
24855:Marn Grook
24845:Kurdaitcha
24828:Aboriginal
24790:Corroboree
24709:Victorians
24699:Tasmanians
24308:Polynesian
24283:Melanesian
24224:Sama-Bajau
24157:Polynesian
24137:Melanesian
24122:Mangarevan
23999:Micronesia
23714:Literature
23389:Australia
23135:navigation
22630:Television
22600:Literature
22485:Irreligion
22465:Healthcare
22460:Euthanasia
22440:Censorship
22247:Government
22193:Liberalism
22163:Parliament
21875:Indigenous
21865:Federation
21855:Diplomatic
21829:Since 1945
21794:Prehistory
21149:16 January
21145:. ABC News
20993:"AustLang"
20880:4 December
20739:24 October
20715:(3): 156.
20617:24 January
20597:30 October
20517:24 January
20497:24 January
20468:29 January
20398:High Court
20295:12 October
20275:29 January
19992:(3): 329.
19818:29 January
19749:4 November
19723:4 November
19466:24 October
19446:15 January
19324:25 October
19104:17 January
19083:15 January
19055:24 January
19032:1037018065
18915:4 November
18820:5 November
18800:4 November
18749:. BBC News
18736:4 November
18696:12 October
18613:12 January
18557:The Herald
18526:16 January
18396:28 January
18184:12 October
18163:24 October
18138:17 October
17963:5 November
17737:: 77–106.
17628:28 January
17366:. ABC News
17233:12 January
17160:24 October
16924:29 January
16833:12 October
16765:24 January
16745:6 December
16705:5 December
16701:. Stats NZ
16661:30 October
16541:5 November
16458:. ABC News
16445:4 November
16261:27 January
16241:28 January
16145:4 November
15988:Glynn, Ian
15956:29 January
15936:12 October
15893:5 February
15674:24 October
15475:15 October
15376:8 November
15336:12 October
15297:30 October
15273:. ABC News
15212:10 January
14990:24 October
14961:. ABC News
14789:High Court
14633:10 January
14595:30 October
14575:15 January
14567:(Report).
14476:24 January
14385:28 January
14270:28 January
14181:The laws:
13840:30 October
13787:28 January
13765:30 October
13749:28 January
13664:4 November
13452:8 December
13428:4 November
13389:(Report).
13093:1 February
13010:29 January
12978:4 November
12896:12 January
12849:23 January
12765:23 January
12749:30 October
12489:12 October
12325:Offer 2018
12128:ANTaR 2012
12089:Lloyd 2009
12065:ATNS – ICC
12026:Torre 2022
12014:Nicol 2022
11936:Lloyd 2011
11882:5 February
11857:5 February
11852:Al Jazeera
11835:DoSSM 2022
11799:Korff 2022
11528:LAoNT 2004
11290:Swift 2011
11170:Maher 2013
11059:Fiona 2007
11023:NGA – ATSI
10733:Walsh 1997
10697:Dixon 1997
10673:Evans 2003
10661:UniSA 2008
10598:ABS 2077.0
10210:Anaya 2010
10137:Welch 2008
10079:Pratt 2003
9857:Kelly 2010
9620:Resistance
9552:3 December
9514:Moses 2017
9498:Daley 2014
9384:Wynne 2018
9266:McMah 2016
9065:Foley 2007
8951:Evans 2007
8912:Gough 2011
8859:The Herald
8778:Flood 1984
8454:Brown 2015
8430:Forum 2001
8295:Casey 2009
8139:Ogden 2013
7983:Heath 2017
7935:Munro 2020
7920:Balla 2021
7713:'Genocide'
7646:Moyal 2017
7533:Hodge 1990
7140:Islander".
6955:Eddie Mabo
6923:Nova Peris
6857:Windradyne
6809:Aboriginal
6670:Pat Turner
6654:June Oscar
6642:Mick Gooda
6577:See also:
6506:Kevin Rudd
6427:, who was
6425:Adam Giles
6406:Bess Price
6343:Adam Giles
6289:Pat Dodson
6277:Nova Peris
6234:See also:
6110:; loss of
6087:See also:
5974:Employment
5819:depression
5757:, several
5736:See also:
5676:median age
5630:physically
5456:for 2014.
5410:Wurundjeri
5398:Marn Grook
5304:TV series
5165:Ten Canoes
5160:soundtrack
5143:Gary Sweet
5120:Dead Heart
5098:Peter Weir
5094:bushranger
5021:See also:
4964:BlackWords
4952:Stan Grant
4887:Jack Davis
4794:Literature
4750:Corroboree
4734:clapsticks
4718:didgeridoo
4675:Didgeridoo
4575:Queensland
4431:See also:
4317:Piltawodli
4211:Aboriginal
4196:corroboree
4160:Meriam Mir
4089:sprachbund
4021:population
3995:population
3945:population
3907:Queensland
3847:See also:
3810:Polynesian
3606:See also:
3602:Definition
3452:Population
3420:Section 25
3384:Bess Price
3322:Kevin Rudd
3302:Kevin Rudd
3283:referendum
3212:a group of
3201:400 metres
2990:Paul Kelly
2879:High Court
2858:pelt cloak
2632:Indigenism
2276:Protection
2019:appointed
2002:Mount Baga
1958:chickenpox
1836:Queensland
1824:Botany Bay
1805:Wurundjeri
1758:James Cook
1746:James Cook
1542:buka cloak
1498:Fibrecraft
1486:boomerangs
1450:Wathaurung
1433:Aboriginal
1286:New Guinea
1270:Melanesian
1246:Andamanese
1220:, such as
1149:Lake Mungo
1126:Madjedbebe
1080:See also:
1052:Pila Nguru
1028:ecological
912:Eddie Mabo
890:New Guinea
613:Blaktivism
601:See also:
591:Blackfella
552:Gary Foley
539:See also:
483:aboriginal
481:The word '
473:Variations
391:didgeridoo
325:Queensland
319:, and the
99:Queensland
25654:continent
25444:Black War
25439:Massacres
25278:Artefacts
25175:Boomerang
25167:Bushcraft
25091:Sorry Day
24905:Songlines
24780:Astronomy
24737:Musicians
24732:Activists
24425:Australia
24348:Tokelauan
24177:Vanuatuan
24105:Mythology
24061:Slit drum
24051:Polynesia
23994:Melanesia
23954:Australia
23763:Australia
23518:Australia
23462:Languages
23383:Festivals
23309:kapa haka
23206:Outrigger
22928:Australia
22900:Polynesia
22875:areca nut
22762:Australia
22537:Squatting
22490:Languages
22455:Education
22435:Aged care
22399:Transport
22208:Socialism
22188:Far-right
22178:Christian
22173:Anarchism
22136:Judiciary
22072:Donations
22067:Elections
21978:Mountains
21926:Continent
21904:Geography
21824:1901–1945
21819:1851–1900
21814:1788–1850
21760:Australia
21348:0028-0836
21080:28 August
20999:. AIATSIS
20844:2205-5010
20800:2770-5005
20729:146744619
20694:7 January
20449:3 January
20433:3 January
20355:2 January
20193:2073-4425
20134:8 January
20108:164778361
19975:5 January
19918:7 January
19660:7 January
19542:147512803
19410:14 August
19351:14 August
19144:ABC Radio
18946:146785882
18542:13 August
18422:28 August
18245:162362872
18237:0043-8243
18120:2205-3220
18040:1039-1010
18032:1837-2317
17770:6 January
17751:146190611
17697:: 69–75.
17604:19 August
17560:17 August
17516:13 August
17439:0737-4038
17370:19 August
17294:19 August
17280:0085-5804
17193:5 January
16905:19 August
16482:6 January
16399:AUSPUBLAW
16364:19 August
16314:"History"
16068:30 August
15922:298595987
15874:746307071
15739:ANU Press
15648:6 January
15621:29 August
15560:8 January
15262:190738751
15231:5 January
15010:19 August
14858:4 January
14764:3 January
14729:13 August
14551:13 August
14533:205257212
14366:2204-1362
14046:28 August
13957:28 August
13918:8 January
13862:13 August
13582:210774854
13574:1444-6928
13312:0027-8424
13215:28 August
13030:19 August
12868:5 January
12809:8 January
12685:23 August
12641:1 January
12625:8 January
12609:1 January
12593:5 January
12557:5 January
12277:ALII 1992
12077:OIPC 2006
11763:AHRC 2008
11691:AHRC 2018
11504:AHRC 2019
11446:NIAA 2018
11182:NAA – DaD
10837:Amery n.d
10784:QCAA 2018
10472:Ross 1999
10460:Ross 1999
10441:Ross 1999
10414:Ross 1999
10360:ALRC 2010
10222:Kirk 2010
9992:ABC 2016b
9869:NMoA 1968
9732:Read 1981
9530:Ryan 2021
9143:Mear 2008
9080:Lack 1963
8963:Bach 1966
8927:Hugo 2012
8583:Yang 2022
8331:ABC 2016a
8073:ABS 2004a
7812:Bird 2011
7346:Citations
7291:Wood 2012
7172:Ryan 1996
6919:Ken Wyatt
6841:Bennelong
6716:Cape York
6708:Kimberley
6601:Tom Calma
6563:Makarrata
6559:Statement
6363:territory
6328:Ben Wyatt
6316:Ken Wyatt
6305:incumbent
6293:incumbent
6285:incumbent
5901:Education
5810:self-harm
5761:(such as
5708:education
5551:Mark Ella
5485:Tom Wills
5465:Tom Wills
5414:Gippsland
5370:Victorian
5288:Cleverman
5221:TV series
5196:Jimi Bani
5071:Walkabout
5068:. 1971's
4906:Kim Scott
4879:'s novel
4846:Bennelong
4746:oral lore
4742:Dreamtime
4738:Songlines
4722:Kimberley
4587:Dreamtime
4414:Christian
4329:Schürmann
4264:Ngangkari
4253:songlines
4233:ancestral
4180:Yumplatok
4114:nganbirra
4076:Kimberley
4039:Languages
3982:excluded)
3876:. In the
3856:The 2006
3210:In 1984,
3181:Mark Ella
3167:In sport
3144:. In the
3134:Ken Wyatt
3087:Mabo Case
2743:Venezuela
2668:Australia
2663:Argentina
2655:Countries
2575:Biopiracy
2515:Land Back
1987:Truganini
1877:in 1869.
1691:Tasmania
1663:Victoria
1514:paperbark
1494:Stone Age
1431:is where
1341:, a.k.a.
1299:Denisovan
1218:Oceanians
1133:Mungo Man
855:Truganini
607:The term
519:(such as
438:" in the
436:genocidal
424:Massacres
387:boomerang
375:religious
346:The term
333:Melanesia
307:prior to
305:Australia
228:Minority:
205:Languages
65:812,728 (
25451:Missions
25303:Dreaming
25200:Coolamon
25071:Politics
24915:Tjurunga
24619:folklore
24440:Kiribati
24377:Religion
24363:Visayans
24338:Tahitian
24318:Rapa Nui
24248:Hawaiian
24229:Chamorro
24186:Research
24172:Tuvaluan
24162:Rapa Nui
24142:Menehune
23984:Kiribati
23778:Kiribati
23533:Kiribati
23399:Hawaiʻi
23374:'upa'upa
23314:Kiribati
23264:ʻAparima
23186:Hōkūleʻa
23008:Kiribati
22859:tivaevae
22839:taʻovala
22787:magimagi
22687:Category
22532:Religion
22430:Abortion
22384:Taxation
22153:Monarchy
22148:Military
22104:Intersex
22040:Politics
22021:Capitals
21885:Monarchy
21880:Military
21860:Economic
21838:By topic
21784:Timeline
21764:articles
21720:26 March
21667:26 March
21647:26 March
21482:Quadrant
21465:24753576
21366:34433944
21305:20 April
21208:26 March
21168:Archived
21122:"bininj"
21049:ABC News
21035:9 August
21003:26 March
20983:3 August
20936:26 March
20828:. 2018.
20537:30 April
20427:Archived
20307:(1974).
20211:36553640
20084:47 min.
20015:26 March
19864:14580590
19672:(1996).
19605:23895479
19560:9 August
19436:Dovetail
19422:Archived
19275:21940856
19197:Archived
19170:26 March
19049:Archived
18961:: 1–21.
18636:23164573
18597:9 August
18564:25 March
18494:26515539
18326:26 March
18306:2 August
18083:20691402
17935:23319617
17882:27654912
17823:27654914
17722:Archived
17682:31243109
17674:15890885
17590:ABC News
17457:28074030
17313:30 April
17213:1 August
17036:ABC News
17002:12532283
16867:ABC News
16685:28 March
16596:17496137
16521:43687042
16404:16 April
16384:9 August
16256:ABC News
16177:ABC News
16114:Overland
15968:(1977).
15686:(1984).
15513:licence.
15392:9 August
15277:28 April
15155:1 August
14984:Archived
14965:28 April
14950:37303807
14942:11388352
14745:26 March
14525:28726833
14448:26 March
14237:(2010).
14221:Victoria
14215:Tasmania
14175:26 March
14128:12594511
14008:26 March
13989:(1862).
13977:26 March
13820:26 March
13375:25877615
13330:11209053
13191:26 April
13163:22 March
12972:ABC News
12783:Archived
12729:28 April
12403:ABC 2003
12391:ABC 2008
12248:PEG 2012
11924:BBC 2010
11912:Ker 2010
11679:ABS 2019
11620:IAA 2018
11047:LPP 2001
10951:NSW NPWS
10523:SBS 2012
10499:ABS 2016
10309:ABS 2023
10297:ABS 2001
10246:ABC 2011
10152:CoA 2012
9324:GoQ 2016
8742:BBC 2015
8511:UoS 2005
7552:ABS 2012
7412:ABS 2022
7358:ABS 2021
7329::356–64)
7244:Tasmania
6992:See also
6849:Pemulwuy
6494:Preamble
6367:Tiwi man
6221:holds a
6189:Timeline
5855:cannabis
5634:sexually
5592:and the
5549:, while
5519:Olympics
5509:titles.
5483:pioneer
5422:Riverina
5412:people,
5394:Jarijari
5353:Jarijari
5281:(2017),
5225:Ivan Sen
5155:(2002).
5117:'s film
4882:My Place
4875:(1964).
4776:Brisbane
4698:cultural
4566:Altamira
4558:cave art
4551:Murujuga
4333:Adelaide
4331:went to
4309:colonial
4245:Dirawong
4106:Canberra
3886:de facto
3693:held in
3685:held in
3667:(in the
3640:, under
3579:812,728
3566:649,171
3553:548,368
3542:455,028
3531:352,970
3520:265,378
3509:206,104
3498:159,897
3487:160,915
3476:115,953
3191:lit the
3122:Canberra
2901:and The
2827:stockmen
2753:Category
2733:Tanzania
2728:Suriname
2713:Paraguay
2688:Malaysia
2610:Genocide
2551:more ...
2475:CONAECDA
2393:WIPO IGC
2383:9 August
2256:Language
2205:a series
2203:Part of
2169:Yirrkala
2160:peoples.
2124:genocide
2040:pearling
1946:Macassan
1934:smallpox
1867:Melville
1863:Bathurst
1846:(1836).
1838:(1824),
1834:(1803),
1832:Victoria
1830:(1803),
1828:Tasmania
1778:Cooktown
1557:Makassan
1402:foragers
1333:and the
1288:and the
1256:region.
1230:Negritos
1177:Genetics
923:decision
843:Tasmania
817:language
806:Warlpiri
804:and the
794:Tasmania
770:Victoria
762:Arrernte
728:language
687:Victoria
584:Arrernte
521:Arrernte
420:smallpox
371:artistic
354:and the
317:Tasmania
246:Religion
164:Tasmania
138:Victoria
132:(30.34%)
25720:Oceania
25690:Eurasia
25648:of the
25483:Apology
25417:History
25360:History
25260:Woomera
25036:AIATSIS
24890:Seasons
24840:Kinship
24805:Deities
24795:Country
24772:Culture
24762:Writers
24676:Peoples
24623:cuisine
24586:Tokelau
24490:Vanuatu
24333:Tagalog
24323:Rotuman
24293:Negrito
24263:Ivatans
24253:Ilocano
24238:Rekohu)
24091:Vanuatu
24076:Tokelau
23924:Tokelau
23828:Vanuatu
23679:Tokelau
23583:Vanuatu
23470:by area
23359:tautoga
23294:hivinau
23196:Karakoa
23095:Vanuatu
22921:general
22829:tā moko
22824:reimiro
22814:Oceania
22664:Outline
22635:Theatre
22625:Symbols
22590:Cuisine
22557:Culture
22418:Society
22394:Tourism
22364:Poverty
22300:Economy
22082:Parties
21983:Regions
21973:Islands
21968:Geology
21963:Forests
21931:Deserts
21916:Climate
21890:Railway
21772:History
21499:Reports
21456:4034217
21433:Bibcode
21407:3014371
21372:qpGraph
21357:8387238
21328:Bibcode
21188:6 April
21132:20 June
21111:28 June
20684:AIATSIS
20413:25 July
20202:9778601
20082:(film).
20051:. 2008.
19872:2517580
19844:Bibcode
19596:3796865
19370:11 June
19266:3991479
19245:Bibcode
19237:Science
19150:21 June
18895:6 April
18839:Bibcode
18773:22 June
18768:The Age
18716:23 July
18591:The Age
18502:2225529
18074:2917718
17926:3562786
17903:Bibcode
17873:5161557
17852:Bibcode
17831:4471731
17793:Bibcode
17654:Bibcode
17646:Science
17496:6 April
17448:5400393
17135:27 June
17041:10 July
16875:"JEDDA"
16813:27 June
16781:6 April
16719:AIATSIS
16637:23 July
16587:1885570
16564:Bibcode
16535:The Age
16477:AIATSIS
16462:24 June
16286:PM show
16202:16 July
16029:5 April
15601:5 April
15116:Q&A
15005:Science
14922:Science
14801:AIATSIS
14689:19 June
14673:19 June
14657:19 June
14495:Bibcode
14428:6 March
14136:4365526
14108:Bibcode
13885:Bibcode
13685:5 April
13630:10 July
13610:3 March
13539:14 June
13482:18 June
13391:AIATSIS
13366:4453060
13290:Bibcode
13231:. 2001.
13177:"About"
13125:27 June
12916:21 June
12912:. 2004a
12541:10 July
12513:27 June
12427:Sources
11144:The Age
7246:; ; ;
6760:Noongar
6712:Top End
6593:Cabinet
6359:(state
6345:of the
6318:of the
6174:Discuss
6036:assault
5990:with a
5932:Year 12
5882:by the
5815:anxiety
5806:suicide
5777:, poor
5714:housing
5667:In the
5416:by the
5408:by the
5384:by the
5382:Millewa
5374:Wimmera
5326:Theatre
5007:Discuss
4960:AustLit
4562:Lascaux
4537:in the
4456:in the
4421:Culture
4266:in the
4094:genetic
4078:to the
3891:de jure
3821:Cabinet
3630:Federal
3614:lineage
3462:Census
3215:Pintupi
3152:of the
3136:of the
3060:as the
2926:at the
2802:Federal
2698:Namibia
2683:Finland
2678:Denmark
2605:Ecocide
2424:ILO 169
2419:ILO 107
1930:measles
1914:annexed
1723:, with
1508:in the
1506:wiltjas
1490:woomera
1454:Murnong
1391:Ridpath
1290:Mamanwa
1106:Gweagal
1062:History
802:Luritja
790:Palawah
784:of the
724:kinship
586:woman.
525:demonym
289:Papuans
212:English
210:Mostly
184:(1.86%)
171:(5.51%)
158:(2.47%)
145:(0.94%)
119:(3.93%)
116:100,512
106:(4.57%)
103:221,276
93:(3.55%)
90:265,685
25675:Africa
25587:Treaty
25526:Health
25504:Issues
24968:Palawa
24824:Flags
24820:Elders
24625:, see
24607:cinema
24561:Hawaii
24485:Tuvalu
24353:Tongan
24303:Papuan
24258:Igorot
24207:People
24167:Samoan
24117:Fijian
24086:Tuvalu
24071:Tahiti
23899:Hawaii
23823:Tuvalu
23654:Hawaii
23578:Tuvalu
23369:Tuvalu
23354:tāmūrē
23349:Tahiti
23339:Rotuma
23329:pa'o'a
23324:'ote'a
23304:kailao
23171:Bangka
23154:Canoes
23090:Tuvalu
22890:Lapita
22849:tattoo
22692:Portal
22585:Cinema
22527:Racism
22500:People
22359:Mining
22322:Energy
22317:Dollar
22062:Courts
22052:Asylum
22026:Cities
21993:Rivers
21941:issues
21762:
21586:about
21552:
21515:
21463:
21453:
21405:
21364:
21354:
21346:
21320:Nature
21261:
21242:
20842:
20832:
20798:
20727:
20667:
20639:
20556:
20374:2 June
20324:
20256:
20228:
20209:
20199:
20191:
20106:
20065:
20035:2 June
19959:18 May
19935:
19892:
19870:
19862:
19684:
19625:
19603:
19593:
19540:
19509:
19483:
19295:
19273:
19263:
19222:2 June
19203:26 May
19166:. 2006
19146:. 2005
19030:
19020:
19001:
18982:
18944:
18753:29 May
18657:
18634:
18500:
18492:
18350:: 245.
18290:25 May
18243:
18235:
18118:
18081:
18071:
18038:
18030:
18005:
17986:
17933:
17923:
17880:
17870:
17844:Nature
17829:
17821:
17785:Nature
17749:
17680:
17672:
17537:
17455:
17445:
17437:
17391:
17333:26 May
17278:
17253:18 May
17109:
17000:
16993:379223
16990:
16938:ANZSOG
16885:2 June
16850:
16612:NCCARF
16594:
16584:
16519:
16436:"Home"
16304:26 May
16182:17 May
16006:
16002:–146.
15976:
15920:
15910:
15872:
15862:
15755:
15745:
15722:
15698:
15579:
15556:. 2006
15538:
15521:. ABC.
15497:
15471:. 2005
15428:
15409:
15356:1 June
15314:
15260:
15174:
15091:2 June
14948:
14940:
14899:18 May
14875:
14811:18 May
14616:
14571:. 2019
14531:
14523:
14487:Nature
14406:
14364:
14327:
14302:Nature
14291:3 July
14251:
14134:
14126:
14099:Nature
14084:
14063:
13935:
13913:ABC TV
13709:19 May
13580:
13572:
13499:
13397:
13373:
13363:
13328:
13318:
13310:
12952:
12805:. 2008
12705:17 May
12661:28 May
12445:17 May
11644:: 152.
9744:Londey
9543:"Home"
7242:; ; ;
6874:, and
6855:, and
6819:, 2000
6700:, and
6567:Yolngu
6419:. The
6242:, and
6198:1937:
6108:racism
6063:. The
5992:degree
5930:Reach
5925:NAPLAN
5748:income
5732:Health
5705:health
5531:boxing
5503:tennis
5402:possum
5378:Mallee
5271:, and
5198:(from
5029:, and
4895:Poetry
4694:social
4527:UNESCO
4337:Kaurna
4249:Bunjil
4241:Baiame
4130:dyadic
4056:, and
2996:song "
2738:Tawain
2693:Mexico
2673:Brazil
2562:Issues
2545:KAFFED
2480:CONAIE
2388:UNPFII
2364:UNPFII
2319:CIRNAC
2228:Rights
2110:under
2101:, 1883
2089:, 1838
1924:Impact
1875:Darwin
1811:, 1835
1721:bamboo
1658:10.3%
1655:18.9%
1652:15.3%
1644:17.2%
1641:12.6%
1638:15.9%
1630:22.1%
1627:20.2%
1624:19.7%
1616:34.2%
1613:37.9%
1610:38.2%
1553:traded
1502:canoes
1418:Canoes
1274:Papuan
1084:, and
1074:, and
833:, 1859
750:Anangu
712:, and
700:, 1922
597:"Blak"
413:. The
269:<2%
168:28,537
155:42,265
142:57,767
129:74,546
25650:world
25597:Voice
25592:Truth
25521:Crime
25308:Music
25293:Dance
25255:Waddy
25240:Soaks
25225:Humpy
25016:ATSIC
24615:dress
24480:Tonga
24470:Samoa
24460:Palau
24450:Nauru
24273:Māori
24268:Lumad
24132:Māori
24127:Maohi
24081:Tonga
24056:Sāmoa
24041:Palau
24024:Māori
24009:Nauru
23942:Music
23818:Tonga
23808:Samoa
23798:Palau
23788:Nauru
23573:Tonga
23563:Samoa
23553:Palau
23543:Nauru
23364:Tonga
23257:Dance
23248:Walap
23231:Vinta
23216:Paraw
23080:Tonga
23070:Sāmoa
23055:Palau
23038:Māori
23023:Nauru
22895:Māori
22854:tēfui
22844:tapa
22834:tabua
22802:Māori
22671:Index
22620:Sport
22615:Radio
22605:Music
22595:Dance
22547:Women
22450:Crime
22354:Media
22220:Women
21958:Fauna
21953:Flora
21546:(PDF)
21526:(PDF)
21509:(PDF)
21419:(PDF)
21403:JSTOR
21299:(PDF)
21284:(PDF)
21226:Books
21214:Trove
21105:(PDF)
21094:(PDF)
20904:(PDF)
20897:(PDF)
20725:S2CID
20633:(PDF)
20571:(PDF)
20396:335,
20388:
20314:(PDF)
20161:Genes
20104:S2CID
19886:(PDF)
19868:S2CID
19832:(PDF)
19783:(PDF)
19619:(PDF)
19538:S2CID
19499:(PDF)
19400:ANTaR
19364:(PDF)
19337:(PDF)
19306:(PDF)
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