Religion in Australia

1495: 110: 3169: 4499: 3071: 1569: 7898: 3383: 5900: 1631:. By effectively limiting the immigration of practitioners of different faiths, this policy ensured that Christianity remained the religion of the overwhelming majority of Australians for the foreseeable future and, indeed, to the present day. The first census in 1911 showed 96% identified themselves as Christian. Sectarian tensions continued into the 1960s; e.g. job vacancy advertisements sometimes stated "Protestant preferred" or that "Catholics need not apply". Nevertheless, Australia elected its first Catholic 3901: 4344: 4267: 3610: 3590: 5097: 1246: 4187: 5009:

116 of Australia's constitution ("The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance ..."), it is commonly believed that Australia is already a "secular state". This is a misconception: in 1981, the High Court determined that there is in fact no constitutional separation of church and state in Australia. However, there is no general "mood" to legislate establishment of religions.

5083: 4101: 1558: 1432: 3621: 3274: 5051:, stating that "despite the legal protections that apply in different jurisdictions, many Australians suffer discrimination on the basis of religious belief or non-belief, including members of both mainstream and non-mainstream religions, and those of no religious persuasion." An example of an HREOC response to such views is the IsmaU project, which examines possible prejudice against Muslims in Australia since the 3450:(1964) in Sydney, differed markedly from traditional ecclesiastical designs. In the later 20th century, distinctly Australian approaches were applied at places such as Jambaroo Benedictine Abbey, where natural materials were chosen to "harmonise with the local environment" and the chapel sanctuary is of glass overlooking rainforest. Similar design principles were applied at Thredbo Ecumenical Chapel built in the 4409: 1398: 1451: 3246:'s 63 member organisations help more than a million Australians every year. Anglican organisations work in health, missionary work, social welfare and communications; and the Uniting Church does extensive community work, in aged care, hospitals, nursing, family support services, youth services and with the homeless, and especially throughout inland Australia. Christian charities such as the 3909: 1584: 3724:. General immigration, combined with religious conversion to Islam by Christians and other Australians, as well as Australia's participation in UN refugee efforts has increased the overall Muslim population. Around 36% of Muslims are Australian born. Overseas born Muslims come from a great variety of nations and ethnic groups – with large Lebanese and Turkish communities. 4658:

While people with no religion are more than 30% of the Australian population, the Australian Bureau of Statistics does not provide information in the annual "1301.0 – Year Book Australia" on religious affiliation as to how many people fall into each sub-category. Data on religious affiliation is only

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of the 1850s with an influx of Chinese miners. However, the population remained low until the 1960s. Buddhism is now one of the fastest growing religions in Australia. Immigration from Asia has contributed to this, but some people of non-Asian origin have also converted. The three main traditions of

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Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the

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In later history, throughout the 19th century following British settlement, other Muslims came to Australia including the Muslim 'Afghan' cameleers, who used their camels to transport goods and people through the otherwise unnavigable desert and pioneered a network of camel tracks that later became

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of Australia. In practice, though, federal governments have respected Section 116 and generally allowed the free practice of religions. Australia does not have explicit "separation of church and state"—the essence of a "secular state"—in the sense that countries like the USA do. In view of Section

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became increasingly controversial after the 11 September attacks. A significant proportion of recent Asylum seekers arriving by boat have been Muslims fleeing the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and elsewhere. Some Islamic leaders and social commentators claim that Islam has suffered from unfair

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marks the day the Christian missionaries first arrived on the islands on 1 July 1871 and introduced Christianity to the region. This is a significant festival for Torres Strait Islanders, who are predominantly Christian. Religious and cultural ceremonies are held across Torres Strait and mainland

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A question on religion has been asked in every census taken in Australia, with the voluntary nature of this question having been specifically stated since 1933. In 1971, the instruction "if no religion, write none" was introduced. This saw a sevenfold increase from the previous census year in the

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has been practised for tens of thousands of years. It is at once a collection of stories of an ancient view of creation and present day spirituality. It places significant emphasis on belonging to the land. It shaped and continues to shape Aboriginal law and customs; and Aboriginal art, story and

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situations the churches both facilitated the loss of Indigenous Australian culture and religion and also facilitated its maintenance. The involvement of Christians in Aboriginal affairs has evolved significantly since 1788. Around the year 2000, many churches and church organisations officially

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Australian Aboriginal peoples suffered a decline during this period as they were dispossessed of their lands; and diseases spread among their populations. Christian churches organised missions during this period, intended to "civilise" Aboriginal communities and spread Christianity. The overall

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Comparatively, there are slightly more Pagans in Australia than Brethren, ten times more than Scientologists, and half the number of Seventh Day Adventists or Mormons, making Paganism a significant minority religion. Professor Douglas Ezzy suspects that 2001 census underestimates the number of

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One of the most visible signs of the historical importance of Christianity to Australia is the prominence of churches in most Australian towns and cities. Among Australia's oldest are Ebenezer Chapel and the Anglican St Matthew's, Windsor, St Luke's, Liverpool, St Peter's, Campbelltown and

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states: "The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the Commonwealth."

3636:, which is today a part of Indonesia, visited North-Western Australia long before British settlement in 1788. This contact of South East Asian ethnic groups of Islamic faith can be identified from the graves they dug for their comrades who died on the journey, being that they face 4363:

has been one of the fastest growing religions in Australia in recent years. According to census data, Australia's Sikh population grew from 72,000 to 210,400 between 2011 and 2021, an average growth rate of 14.8% per year. Around 42% of Australia's Sikhs live in the state of

4843:) also showed that women dominate Australian Paganism, with 63% being female. The religion in Australia with the highest proportion of females to males is Wicca, with only 26 males for every 100 females, compared to the national ratio of 97 males for every 100 females. 4623:

Australia is one of the least religious nations in the developed world, with religion not described as a central part in many people's lives. This view is prominent among Australia's youth, who were ranked as the least religious worldwide in a 2008 survey conducted by

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The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the

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put it, "There is a general belief among the Australians that the world, man, and the various animals and plants were created by certain Supernatural beings who afterwards disappeared, either ascending to the sky or entering the earth." There were and still are

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migrants, Australian society was predominantly Anglo-Celtic, with 40% of the population being Anglican, 23% Catholic, 34% other Christian and about 1% professing non-Christian religions. There was a Lutheran population of German descent in South Australia.

1483:, the act established legal equality for Anglicans, Catholics and Presbyterians, and was later extended to Methodists. British Nonconformist Methodist, Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Baptists set up their own churches in the 19th century, as did 4385:

is currently the fourth fastest growing religion in Australia, recording 4,050 adherents in 2016 and growing an average of 7.7% per year. The overwhelming majority (94.7%) of Jains live inside the state capitals, primarily Sydney, Melbourne and Perth.

3078:"Over the past 50 years, there has been a steady decline in the proportion of Australians who reported an affiliation with Christianity. The same period has seen a consistent rise in Other religions and No religion, particularly in the last 20 years". 3812:. Australia and Indonesia co-operated closely following the Bali-bombings, not only in law-enforcement but in improving education and cross-cultural understanding, leading to a marked improvement in relations. After a series of controversies, Sheikh 4461:

Aboriginal beliefs and spirituality, even among those Aboriginal peoples who identify themselves as members of a traditional organised religion, are intrinsically linked to the land generally and to certain sites of significance in particular. As

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in 1861. Between the 1860s and 1920s around 2000 cameleers were brought from Afghanistan and the north west of British India (now Pakistan) and perhaps 100 families remained in Australia. Other outback mosques were established at places like

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Large numbers of Irish Catholics were transported to Australia through the British criminal justice system. Religious tensions, largely fuelled by historical grievances between Catholics and other Christians, continued into the 20th century.

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There is evidence of contact between indigenous Australians with colonisers, fishermen, and survivors of numerous shipwrecks from peoples of various non-Indigenous cultures and faiths prior to British colonisation. Indigenous Australians of

5552: 4556:, has written that missions throughout Australia's colonial history "provided a haven from the hell of life on the Australian frontier while at the same time facilitating colonisation". Prominent Aboriginal Christians have included Pastor 4216:, selling goods between small rural communities. Their population increased dramatically from the 1960s and 1970s and more than doubled between the 1996 and 2006 census to around 148,000 people. Most were migrants from countries such as 4979:, was repealed in 1951. Australian witchcraft laws were gradually phased out in Australia, with New South Wales being the first state to repeal them in 1969. South Australia followed in 1991, Queensland in 2000, and Victoria in 2005. 3141:

are public holidays, the skylines of Australian cities and towns are marked by church and cathedral spires. Christian churches played a significant role in the development of early education, health and welfare services in Australia.

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Pagans, especially among teenagers whose parents may not have reported their Pagan beliefs due to the stigma associated with terms like “Witch”; many any who identified as “Pagan” on the census might identify as “Witch” in private.

4092:. Later in 2012, a similar congregation was established in Sydney, known as Ayelet HaShachar. The services are loosely based on the Humanistic Jewish movement in the United States and the musical-prayer group Nava Tehila in Israel. 5111: 4153: 3735:

and the religion of Islam stirred some debate in some quarters in Australia about Islam's relationship with the wider community. The deaths of Australians in bombings by militant Islamic fundamentalists in New York in 2001,

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The 2021 Australian census data showed that 43.9% of Australians classify themselves Christian, 8.2% less in real terms than five years prior, The second-largest classification was the 38.9% who identified as "no religion".

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in Australia tended to reflect the political inheritance of Britain and Ireland. Until 1945, the vast majority of Catholics in Australia were of Irish descent, causing the British majority to question their loyalty to the

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While the Church of England originally held a position of privilege in early colonial Australia, a legal framework guaranteeing religious equality evolved within a few decades, especially when the Church of England was

4880:, 33,142 Australians identified their religion as nature religion including 18,630 people who identified their religion as pagan religion and 7,785 people who identified their religion as Wicca or Neopagan witchcraft. 3644:), in accordance with Islamic regulations concerning burial, as well as evidence from Aboriginal cave paintings and religious ceremonies which depict and incorporate the adoption of Makassan canoe designs and words. 3461:, is celebrated on 25 December during the Australian summer (although on 7 January by some Eastern Orthodox) and is an important cultural festival even for many non-religious Australians. The European traditions of 4315:, New South Wales, began construction in the early 1990s, adopting the Chinese palace building style and is now the largest Buddhist temple in the Southern Hemisphere. This temple follows the Venerable Master 3050:

1: Includes relatively small numbers declaring "secular beliefs", such as atheism, agnosticism, humanism and rationalism, and spiritual beliefs such as New Age, "own spiritual beliefs", theism(!), etc. See

4794:(OTO) had a lodge in Sydney from 1912 until the late 1920s, which was revived in 1982. In late 1960s and 1970s both Melbourne and Sydney saw various occult orders influenced by Western magical traditions, 3834:. Since the 1970s Islamic schools have been established as well as more than 100 mosques and prayer centres. Many notable Muslim places of worship are to be found in large Australian cities, including the 1689:

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in church worship is much lower than this; weekly attendance at church services is likely to be under 1 million, about 4% of the population.

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due to a delay in reregistering the club. The pagan club with multiple other clubs signed an open letter to the clubs committee. In 2022, controversy the club was reregistration was denied during an

3482: 7643: 9947: 4307:, Melbourne, Victoria gets about 2,000 people through every Sunday and gives a free vegetarian meal to about 600 people. For important events, more than 20,000 people come. Even more come to the 5762: 8151:

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021) 'Table - Nature Religions' 4-digit level RELP Religious Affiliation and SEXP Sex by STATE, 2021 Census - Cultural Diversity, accessed 28 July 2024.

5141: 4236:. At present many Hindus are well-educated professionals in fields such as medicine, engineering, commerce and information technology. Among Australia's best-known Hindus is the singer 6524: 5460: 4778:

In general, non-Christian religions and those with no religion have been growing in proportion to the overall population. With fewer classifications, data from 1996 and 2001 showed

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policy at the time of Federation made immigration difficult for the 'Afghans' and their memory slowly faded during the 20th century, until a revival of interest began in the 1980s.

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In 1983, the High Court of Australia defined religion as "a complex of beliefs and practices which point to a set of values and an understanding of the meaning of existence". The

3673:– and more permanent mosques in Adelaide, Perth and later Brisbane. A legacy of this pioneer era is the presence of wild camels in Outback and the oldest Islamic structure in the 1417:) (in Northern Australia) retain stories, songs and paintings of trade and cultural interaction with sea-faring peoples from the north, generally regarded as being from the east 4585: 4630:. In the 2021 census, the ABS categorised ~9,887,000 Australians (38.9%) as having no religion, up 16.6% in real terms from 4,796,800 (22.3%) in 2011. This category includes 5818: 1678:

The census question about religion is optional, and asks "What is the person's religion?", giving respondents a choice of nine religions, "Other" and "No religion". At the

4820:, 24,157 people identified with a Pagan religion, representing 0.12% of the population. This included 10,632 Pagans, 8,755 Wiccans, 2,225 nature religion adherents, 1,085 3518: 3371:. There was a diversification of Christian churches (especially with the growth of Greek, Macedonian, Serbian and Russian Orthodox churches), together with an increase in 7148:

and Howard A. Freeman, (Editors), "A Time to Keep: The story of Temple Beth Israel: 1930 to 2005" A Special publication of the Australian Jewish Historical Society, 2005.

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Technically, this does not affect the states' authority to legislate on religion. Nor would it block federal legislation on religion, aside from that establishing an

4427:—the Dreaming or Dreaming—places significant emphasis on belonging to the land. It is at once a collection of stories of an ancient view of creation and present day 4204:

the fourth largest religious or non-religious affiliation. It is one of the fastest growing religions in Australia (12.0% per year since 2011). In the 19th century,

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decreasing from 7000 to 5000 while Baháʼí grew from just under 9,000 to over 11,000 and the rest of the "Other" category growing from about 69,000 to about 92,000.

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Today, over 604,000 people in Australia identify as Muslim, with diverse communities concentrated mainly in Sydney and Melbourne. More than half are non-practising

4069:(Masorti) services have been held as an alternative service usually in the Neuweg, the smaller second synagogue within Temple Emanuel, Woollahra, Sydney. In 1999, 3220:

is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 750,000 students in 2018 (and around 21 per cent of all secondary school enrolments). The

1274: 3842:, which was largely funded by the Turkish community and the name of which recalls the shared heritage of the foundation of modern Turkey and the story of the 3497: 6820: 9427: 7651: 5048: 1531:

consequences of this activity contributed to the decline of indigenous languages and beliefs, the extent to which are still being determined and recorded.

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Following the conclusion of the British colonial period, Jews have enjoyed formal equality before the law in Australia and have not been subject to civil

7988: 7777: 5636: 4245: 4140:, it is among Sydney's four most significant religious buildings constructed in the twentieth century. Dedicated in 1961, it was also the world's fourth 5770: 3939:

in 1788, when the first British settlement was established on the continent. An estimated 110,000 Jews currently live in Australia, the majority being

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https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20Global%20Advisor%20-%20Religion%202023%20Report%20-%2026%20countries.pdf

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from a foundation stone laid in 1868; the spires of the cathedral were not finally added until the year 2000. Wardell also worked on the design of

193: 6129: 4167:) estimated some 17,700 Baháʼís in 2005, and over 19,300 in 2010. However, census data from 2016 reported a much lower population of only 13,988. 9308: 8712: 5126: 1352:

Christianity came to Australia in 1788 with British colonial settlement. Of the convicts and free settlers, most were members of the established

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The early history of Australian Paganism is obscure. Theosophists and spiritualists arrived in Australia in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The

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Successive Australian governments dismantled the White Australia Policy in the Post-WW2 period. From the 1970s onwards, under the leadership of

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divers were recruited (with most subsequently repatriated). Before 1901, some Muslim sailors and prisoners came to Australia on convict ships.

9836: 7223: 4043: 4028: 1341:; some of the earliest evidence on earth for religious practices among humans has been found in the archaeological record of their ancestors. 1112: 6856: 6637: 5792: 9313: 6935: 5041: 4529:

apologised for past failures to adequately respect indigenous cultures and address the injustices of the dispossession of indigenous people.

4078: 4019:. To this day the vast majority of synagogues in Australia are Orthodox. However, there is a wide range of Orthodox congregations, including 3446:. Along with community attitudes to religion, church architecture changed significantly during the 20th century. Urban churches, such as the 5950: 9578: 8732: 7807: 7023: 6558: 5319: 4992: 3217: 1546: 1306: 1062: 7267: 4683:

The 2006 census shows 53 listed groups down to 5000 members, most of them Christian denominations, many of them national versions such as

7727: 7380: 6583: 6081: 5146: 3681:. Nonetheless, despite their significant role in Australia prior to the establishment of rail and road networks, the formulation of the 8834: 3209:, benefiting from post-war Australia multicultural immigration, among other factors, to become the largest single religious group. The 1267: 6794: 3186:

The Christian churches played an integral role in the development and provision of welfare services in Australia. The first chaplain,

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Ellis, Julie-Ann. "'Cross-Firing over the Gulf': The Rift between Methodism and the Labour Movement in South Australia in the 1890s"

7704: 5117: 3966:, with about 60,000, followed by Sydney with about 45,000 members. Smaller communities are dispersed among the other state capitals. 3809: 3805: 3788:

stereotyping Violence and intimidation was directed against Muslims and people of Middle Eastern appearance during southern Sydney's

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9.6% of people declined to answer, or they did not give a response adequate for interpretation. This figure dropped to 7.2% in 2021.

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Laffin, Josephine. "'Sailing in Stormy Waters': Archbishop Matthew Beovich and the Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide in the 1960s."

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first arrived in Australia in 1922, and at less than 0.1% of the total population, is one of the smaller religious minorities. The

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to Australia because friendly societies had strong elements of what are now considered to be the predominant role of trade unions.

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percentage of Australians stating they had no religion. Since 1971, this percentage has progressively increased to 38.9% in 2021.

10028: 9808: 3988:, the notable World War I general who opened the Maccabean Hall in Sydney in 1923 to commemorate Jews who fought and died in the 3529: 3457:

The Christian festivals of Christmas and Easter are national public holidays in Australia. Christmas, which recalls the birth of

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and other faiths. The first religious census in 1828 divided the early colony into four groups: Protestants, Catholics, Jews and

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of British ships in 1788, Christianity quickly became the major religion in Australia. Consequently, the Christian festivals of

9355: 9165: 8973: 8887: 6704: 6445: 4300:—are now represented in Australia. According to the 2021 census, Buddhism has 615,800 adherents: 2.4% of the total population. 3225: 3221: 9251: 9091: 8445: 7923: 6500: 4158: 3523: 1260: 198: 7402: 5458:(1981). "South Australian German Lutherans in the second half of the nineteenth century: A case of rejected assimilation?". 4659:

collected by the ABS at the five yearly population census. Atheist interests in Australia are represented nationally by the

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added the Baháʼí Faith to its coverage of religions in Australia and noted that the community had grown to over 11,000. The

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in 2003; the arrest of bomb plotters in Australia; and concerns about certain cultural practices such as the wearing of the

9367: 8907: 8902: 8897: 6908: 5490:(2014). "The Luck of the Irish: How a Shipload of Convicts Survived the Wreck of the Hive to Make a New Life in Australia". 3419: 1424:. There is some evidence of Islamic terms and concepts entering northern Aboriginal cultures via these interactions. (See: 665: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8162:"Adelaide University Occult Club fights for funding and campus access with union registration decision delayed - ABC News" 5339: 9754: 9698: 9593: 9099: 8933: 8847: 8705: 7569: 5852: 785: 6055: 3984:, consecrated in 1878, is a notable place of Jewish worship in Australia. Notable Australian Jews have included the Sir 1627:

In 1901, the government passed an act limiting immigration to those of European descent in what came to be known as the

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There were a great many different nations, each with their own individual culture, belief structure, and language. The

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of 1804 alarmed the British authorities and no further priests were allowed in the colony until 1820, when London sent

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Other smaller groups also arrived and established their churches. Jews started arriving in the early 19th century. The

997: 725: 605: 7053: 9303: 9204: 9104: 9024: 8958: 8403: 8389: 8375: 8361: 8051: 7548: 7519: 5763:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016 : Religion in Australia" 5613: 4088:

congregation, known as Kehilat Kolenu, was established in Melbourne with links to the cultural Jewish youth movement

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which opened in 1991 following the amalgamation of four Catholic tertiary institutions in eastern Australia, and the

1052: 7644:"Indigenous and non-Indigenous reconciliation for the wellbeing of the Australian nation – Reconciliation Australia" 4111: 3266:

and is now Australia's largest not-for-profit health provider and has trained prominent Australian surgeons such as

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in the 2011 census, almost double the number recorded in the 2001 census. Notable Australian Muslims include boxer

3797: 3780: 3544: 3443: 3386: 3300:– an Aboriginal writer, inventor and Christian preacher currently featured on the Australian $ 50 note; Archbishop 3259: 3172: 1669:(ABS) 2006 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information: 1435: 1107: 8093: 9472: 9271: 9261: 9197: 8938: 8912: 8011:"Nature religions are growing in Australia – though witchcraft was illegal in some territories just 10 years ago" 7481: 7355: 6831: 5878: 5826: 5766: 4961: 4660: 4577: 4399: 3958:

The Jewish population has increased slightly in recent times due to immigration from South Africa and the former

3513: 3431: 3263: 1666: 1425: 1067: 957: 6742: 4141: 10018: 9558: 9457: 9177: 9155: 9061: 8867: 8827: 8698: 5175:"Australian Bureau of Statistics : 2021 Census of Population and Housing : General Community Profile" 5047:

In 1998 the HREOC addressed the right to freedom of religion and belief in Australia against article 18 of the

3411: 3356: 3233: 915: 740: 113: 7785: 9997: 9708: 9625: 9501: 9350: 9343: 9214: 9160: 8963: 8943: 8752: 8431:"For God, King, and country": A study of the attitudes of the Methodist and Catholic press in South Australia 7949: 7858: 7757: 4626: 4332: 4062:. Following these two congregations, a number of other Liberal synagogues have been founded in other cities. 3917: 3487: 3247: 1644: 1357: 1072: 478: 213: 8187:"Occult club registration rejected after complaint it may summon Satan to University of Adelaide - ABC News" 3700:. Australia in the later 20th century became a refuge for many Muslims fleeing conflicts including those in 9957: 9942: 9914: 9871: 9693: 9487: 9224: 9187: 9066: 9056: 8928: 8762: 8747: 8561:. "Women Religious in the History of Australia 1888–1950: a Case Study – the Sisters of Mercy Parramatta," 7681: 7166: 6913: 5882: 5370: 4537: 4163: 4020: 3575:

A 2023 IPSOS survey found that 22% of the population was Protestant or Evangelical while 18% was Catholic.

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around 105,000 students and the Uniting Church has around 48 schools. Smaller denominations, including the

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with improving "public morality" in the colony, and he was also heavily involved in health and education.

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and gift giving are all continued in Australia, but they might be conducted between visits to the beach.

3423: 3317: 3154: 2362: 1632: 1498: 1142: 845: 840: 610: 109: 6160: 3878:, briefly serving as Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister and for Broadband in the short lived 9977: 9937: 9528: 9432: 9286: 9241: 9145: 8757: 8527: 7621: 7217: 6137: 4805:

When exactly Witchcraft arrived in Australia is a matter of debate however it’s commonly accepted that

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also stirred controversy, particularly his remarks regarding "female modesty" following an incident of

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receive considerable national support. Religious orders founded many of Australia's hospitals, such as

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are other well known dream spirits. At the time of the British settlement, traditional religions were

9972: 9648: 9605: 9553: 9452: 9298: 9266: 9182: 9172: 9140: 8820: 8742: 7762: 7268:"A Practical Reference for Religious Diversity for Operational Police and Emergency Services: 2nd Ed" 6327: 6253: 6036:"Catholic schools in Australia to receive funding increase," www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/11/08 5793:"2021 Census shows changes in Australia's religious diversity | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 4896: 4672: 4348: 4074: 3124: 1170: 950: 805: 253: 28: 7110: 6431: 6283: 6238: 6190: 6023: 5966:"FactCheck Q&A: the facts on birth rates for Muslim couples and non-Muslim couples in Australia" 5713: 5508: 5428: 9563: 9548: 9395: 9231: 9192: 9019: 8791: 6860: 6634: 6374: 4573: 4233: 4073:, Melbourne's first Conservative (Masorti) congregation was established, with foundation president 3981: 3168: 660: 620: 575: 363: 353: 158: 6939: 5205: 9861: 9713: 9588: 9568: 9543: 9523: 9276: 9246: 9071: 8948: 8877: 8801: 8415:

Hilliard, David. "The religious crisis of the 1960s: the experience of the Australian churches."

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Hilliard, David. "Popular Religion in Australia in the 1950s: A Study of Adelaide and Brisbane."

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The fastest growing religious classifications over the fifteen years between 2006 and 2021 were:

1656: 1577: 1405: 1122: 1057: 1002: 962: 905: 538: 533: 423: 368: 258: 188: 38: 7815: 7031: 6106: 5316: 3070: 9794: 9620: 9598: 9573: 9538: 9518: 9482: 9320: 9291: 9281: 9256: 9219: 9150: 8987: 8882: 7899:"Census Table 2006 – 20680-Religious Affiliation (full classification list) by Sex – Australia" 7274: 6535:

Morissey et al. (1993, 2001), Living Religion, Pearson Education Australia Pty Ltd, (Malaysia).

4888: 4877: 4866: 4847: 4817: 4748: 4692: 4597: 4521: 4395: 4081:

in 2006. In 2010 Beit Knesset Shalom became Brisbane's first Conservative (Masorti) synagogue.

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all contributed to a degree of tension. A series of comments by a senior Sydney cleric, Sheikh

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have been prominent in working for Aboriginal rights and improvements to standards of living.

3205:, was the largest religious affiliation. However its relative position has declined, with the 9683: 9513: 9467: 9330: 9236: 9123: 9009: 8771: 8737: 5603: 5495: 4533: 4328: 4261: 4241: 4229: 4221: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4181: 3970: 3344: 3329: 3313: 3232:

also has 8 schools across the country. There are two Catholic universities in Australia: the

2568: 2316: 1703: 1520: 1232: 1177: 1042: 1017: 1007: 810: 630: 625: 493: 483: 303: 74: 64: 8211: 6882: 5368:(2011). "Provincialising God: Anglicanism, Place, and the Colonisation of Australian Land". 5067:

Interfaith efforts between various religious institutions occur. Since the early 2000s, the

9846: 9747: 9718: 9640: 9477: 9447: 9383: 9338: 9051: 9046: 9014: 8999: 8855: 8796: 8786: 8781: 8674: 8659: 8295: 7351: 7145: 5052: 4944: 4791: 4589: 4377: 4365: 4355: 4225: 4066: 4008:"challenge visitors' perceptions of democracy, morality, social justice and human rights". 4001: 3932: 3891: 3875: 3801: 3728: 3255: 1612:

brought in workers from China and the Pacific islands, as well as specialised workers from

1602: 1375:

brought in workers from China and the Pacific islands, as well as specialised workers from

1346: 1222: 1212: 1197: 1102: 1027: 992: 967: 930: 890: 885: 860: 730: 650: 600: 580: 570: 458: 403: 378: 228: 223: 203: 168: 153: 122: 94: 84: 5112:

A Practical Reference to Religious Diversity for Operational Police and Emergency Services

4700: 4154:

A Practical Reference to Religious Diversity for Operational Police and Emergency Services

4117: 1568: 1515:

led to significantly increased immigration and diversity of religious traditions, such as

8: 9992: 9896: 9817: 9668: 9610: 9442: 9405: 9135: 8577:

Upholding the Faith: The Process of Education in Catholic Schools in Australia, 1922–1965

6883:"Indonesia country brief – Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade" 6545: 5899: 5327: 4976: 4915: 4859: 4840: 4779: 4728: 4553: 4304: 3804:. Inter-faith dialogues were also established by Christian and Muslim groups such as The 3674: 1542: 1227: 1202: 1182: 1157: 1085: 1032: 1012: 920: 910: 865: 825: 780: 775: 765: 755: 750: 745: 735: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 675: 585: 560: 438: 428: 388: 358: 343: 328: 318: 308: 273: 268: 218: 163: 138: 8259: 8038:

Ezzy, Douglas (2009). "Australian Paganisms". In Pizza, Murphy; Lewis, James R. (eds.).

6453: 4873:" including 6,616 people who identified their religion as Wicca or Neopagan witchcraft. 3382: 1401:

Kolaia man wearing a headdress worn in a fire ceremony, Forrest River, Western Australia

9967: 9891: 9770: 9728: 9703: 9688: 9678: 9673: 9663: 9630: 9533: 9437: 9041: 9036: 8776: 7098: 6419: 6271: 6226: 6178: 6011: 5701: 5416: 5248: 5151: 5068: 5056: 4892: 4085: 3824: 3821: 3765: 3737: 3584: 3348: 1944: 1617: 1561: 1475: 1439: 1392: 1380: 1207: 1187: 1152: 1047: 1037: 977: 972: 900: 880: 870: 855: 850: 830: 800: 795: 770: 760: 693: 655: 640: 545: 518: 508: 468: 453: 448: 398: 393: 333: 288: 248: 143: 131: 54: 8544:

Hamilton, Celia. "Irish-Catholics of New South Wales and the Labor Party, 1890–1910,"

8068:"Media Release - Census reveals Australia's religious diversity on World Religion Day" 7853: 7299: 6989: 6722: 6401: 6297: 9886: 9876: 9866: 9856: 9658: 9400: 8441: 8399: 8385: 8371: 8357: 8047: 7943: 7564: 7544: 7515: 6613: 5609: 5383: 5021:

defines "no religion" as a category of religion which includes subcategories such as

5005: 4953: 4806: 4569: 4148: 4137: 3813: 3793: 3761: 3757: 3632:

The first contacts that Islam had with Australia was when Muslim fishermen native to

3491: 3403: 3332:– Archbishop and primate of the Greek Orthodox church in Australia from 1975 to 2019 3201:

For much of Australian history, the Church of England in Australia, now known as the

3191: 2224: 2036: 1598: 1353: 1302: 1192: 1147: 1137: 1127: 1117: 1022: 935: 895: 820: 790: 680: 635: 615: 590: 565: 528: 513: 488: 463: 373: 323: 278: 263: 243: 233: 208: 148: 8464:

O'Brien, Anne. "Historical overview spirituality and work Sydney women, 1920–1960."

8368:

Many Religions All Australian: Religious Settlement, Identity and Cultural Diversity

7872: 5044:(HREOC) is able to inquire into allegations of discrimination on religious grounds. 1466: 9962: 9919: 9841: 9775: 9209: 8494:

A Church for the Nation: a History of the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn

8043: 7540: 7197: 7011:

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's new-look ministry sworn into office at Government House

5539:

A Church for the Nation: a History of the Anglican Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn

5469: 5379: 5088: 4829: 4810: 4799: 4688: 4561: 4513: 4507: 4455: 4297: 4277: 4217: 4012: 3773: 3697: 3407: 3321: 2128: 1594:

There were at least 15 Jews in the First Fleet, 14 convicts and one "free" child.

1217: 1097: 987: 595: 555: 503: 498: 416: 383: 293: 183: 5473: 8598:

Under the Southern Cross: History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia

8127:"Why Australia's pagan community may emerge from the pandemic stronger than ever" 7410: 7325: 7054:"Exhibition shows it's not all black and white | The Australian Jewish News" 6641: 6208: 5991: 5683: 5455: 5398: 5323: 5102: 4972: 4870: 4851: 4565: 4443: 4439: 4308: 4270: 4055: 3989: 3851: 3831: 3769: 3732: 3682: 3657: 3594: 3451: 3415: 3364: 3325: 3281: 3213:

and other congregations associated with non-British cultures have also expanded.

3180: 1587: 1470: 1361: 1250: 8669: 5274: 3438:

is known as the "City of Churches", but churches extend far into the Australian

1725:

Religious declarations of Australians according to the censuses of 1986 to 2021

9653: 8558: 7709: 7193: 5343: 4931: 4918:

was formed; Flinders University used to have the pagan club from 1998 to 2008,

4813:

arrived in Australia from England and the United States around the late 1960s.

4684: 4432: 4249: 4213: 4070: 4039: 3944: 3940: 3859: 3838:, which was constructed during the 1880s; and Sydney's Classical Ottoman style 3789: 3784: 3693: 3625: 3462: 3447: 3343:. The first Catholic priests arrived in Australia as convicts in 1800, but the 3340: 3289: 3277: 3251: 3195: 2270: 1716:

Meanwhile, all Christian denominations combined decreased from 63.9% to 43.9%.

1516: 6676:"Muslim leader blames women for sex attacks | News | the Australian" 5071:

convenes as an annual interfaith event between Christians, Muslims, and Jews.

4212:. Many who remained worked in small business, as camel drivers, merchants and 3616:

was built in the classical Ottoman style by Sydney's Turkish Muslim community.

1674:

allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.

10012: 8501:

Godliness and Good Order: A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia

7503: 7161: 6962: 6059: 5527:

Godliness and Good Order: A History of the Anglican Church in South Australia

5487: 5365: 4938: 4903:

decision; rejection of registration was complaint over the club might summon

4581: 4557: 4463: 4417: 4320: 4274: 4005: 3974: 3900: 3863: 3689: 3602: 3301: 3297: 3296:

and the first Australian to be recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church;

1636: 1613: 1480: 1376: 8640:

Australian Standard Classification of Religious Groups (ASCRG), 1266.0, 1996

8233: 5292: 4891:, faced challenges in securing funding and access to campus facilities from 4486:, who inhabit the islands between Australia and New Guinea, reflected their 4151:

lists Baháʼí membership at just under 9,000. In 2001, the second edition of

8186: 7565:"Indigenous Traditions – Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders" 5951:"Religious affiliation in Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 5270: 5206:"Religious affiliation in Australia | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 5122: 4756: 4545: 4517: 4343: 4266: 4089: 3997: 3993: 3959: 3952: 3913: 3855: 3458: 3368: 3335: 3305: 3267: 2220: 1640: 1338: 1295: 6403:

Biography – William Wilkinson Wardell – Australian Dictionary of Biography

3609: 9723: 9583: 7493:

Sorted Jainism by rest of State and Territory and calculated percentages.

5034: 5022: 4768: 4724: 4720: 4643: 4631: 4525: 4209: 3985: 3936: 3920:

and was the first Jewish vice-regal representative in the British Empire.

3817: 3768:

in Indonesia and an attack on the Australian Embassy in Jakarta; and the

3721: 3670: 3569: 3360: 3309: 3130: 2174: 1524: 1458: 1421: 1414: 1291: 8690: 8612:

For Such a Time: A History of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia

7989:"Census shows non-Christian religions continue to grow at a faster rate" 5685:

Biography – Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs – Australian Dictionary of Biography

5629: 5577: 4287:

Buddhists began arriving in Australia in significant numbers during the

8619:

Baptism of Fire: The first ten years of the Uniting Church in Australia

8475:(Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994), a standard scholarly survey 8161: 7592: 5655:"Fast facts – James Scullin – Fast facts – Australia's Prime Ministers" 4772: 4667:. Rationalist interests in Australia are represented nationally by the 4647: 4413: 4324: 4312: 4281: 3867: 3764:. Australians were among the targets of Islamic Fundamentalists in the 3745: 3662: 3099: 3095: 1621: 9786: 8101: 4042:

congregations as early as the 1890s. However, under the leadership of

3628:

is a member of Australia's large Lebanese-Australian Muslim community.

3589: 8843: 8812: 6660: 6349: 5925:"Religious affiliation (RELP) | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 5823:

2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013

5400:

Biography – John Hubert Plunkett – Australian Dictionary of Biography

4900: 4821: 4795: 4764: 4760: 4487: 4472: 4316: 4293: 4191: 4186: 4051: 3963: 3948: 3666: 3372: 3324:– Aboriginal rights activist, athlete, pastor and former Governor of 3162: 3134: 3087: 1535: 1418: 1334: 1318: 4663:. Humanist interests in Australia are represented nationally by the 4442:

is a major dream spirit for Aboriginal people across Australia. The

4100: 3992:

and who is currently featured on the Australian $ 100 note; and Sir

1557: 6966: 6727: 6584:"A Multicultural Timeline of Australia: The end of White Australia" 5142:

Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

5096: 5030: 4904: 4752: 4740: 4716: 4704: 4639: 4549: 4435:, story and dance continue to draw on these spiritual traditions. 4431:. It shaped and continues to shape Aboriginal law and customs; and 4408: 4288: 4032: 3996:

who became the first Australian born governor general in 1930. Sir

3871: 3633: 3435: 3390: 2522: 2082: 1852: 1365: 1245: 1450: 1431: 8282:"The separation of church and state – Secular Party of Australia" 7963: 7467:

Sorted Sikhism by State and Territory and calculated percentages.

5026: 4854:

religion including 8,413 people who identified their religion as

4825: 4736: 4635: 4451: 4382: 4360: 3928: 3701: 3649: 3620: 3439: 3273: 3107: 2704: 2614: 1534:

By 1901, apart from the indigenous population and descendants of

8094:"PAGANDASH – STAND UP AND BE COUNTED Results of the 2011 Census" 7082:

Biography – Sir John Monash – Australian Dictionary of Biography

5996:

Biography – Richard Johnson – Australian Dictionary of Biography

3472:

Here are some Christian denominations with Australian articles:

6082:"St Vincent's Hospital, history and tradition, sesquicentenary" 5877: 4744: 4708: 4593: 4468: 4447: 4237: 4129: 4059: 4024: 3753: 3705: 3641: 3466: 3176: 3138: 3103: 3091: 3061:

3: Due to rounding, figures may not add up to the totals shown.

1573: 1314: 8626:

This Side of Heaven: A History of Methodism in South Australia

7085:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 6406:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 6258:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 6213:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 6210:

Biography – Daniel Mannix – Australian Dictionary of Biography

6165:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 6162:

Biography – David Unaipon – Australian Dictionary of Biography

5998:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 5688:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 5403:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University 4869:, 27,194 Australians identified as pagan or other affiliated " 4054:. Subsequently, another synagogue linked to the United States 3800:

to advise on Muslim community issues for one year, chaired by

3280:

became the first Australian to be canonised as a saint of the

5533:(Sydney: Anglican Information Office, 1987); B. Porter, ed., 4855: 4712: 4696: 4476: 3843: 3717: 3637: 2658: 1397: 7705:"Contradictions cloud the apology to the Stolen Generations" 6795:"Whites fleeing racially mixed schools in Australia: report" 6656:"Australias jihad attack plotters jailed for up to 28 years" 5529:(Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1986); S. Judd and K. J. Cable, 5525:(Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002); D. Hilliard, 4011:

Until the 1930s, all synagogues in Australia were nominally

4000:

also served as Governor-General, between 1977 and 1982. The

3908: 3519:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Australia

7204:. Vol. 3 (Online ed.). New York. pp. 465–467 6255:

Biography – John Flynn – Australian Dictionary of Biography

5912:

2016 Census of Population and General Community (Sheet G14)

5037:(but the ABS also categorises these as "secular beliefs"). 4502:

Statue of Christian pastor, Aboriginal activist and former

3977:

which exclude them from full participation in public life.

3749: 3713: 3709: 1583: 7722: 7720: 6400:

D. I. McDonald. "Wardell, William Wilkinson (1823–1899)".

4303:

Buddhist temples can be very active. Quang Minh Temple in

7593:"European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights: news" 6446:"Benedictine Abbey, Jamberoo, New South Wales, Australia" 4675:, a prominent atheist event, has been held in Melbourne. 4580:, work to assist Aboriginal peoples.; and former Senator 3925: 3359:. A notable period of sectarianism re-emerged during the 3129:

After the arrival of the first Christian settlers on the

8655:

Year Book Australia, 2006. Religious Affiliation section

3744:

in 2005; as well as the sending of Australian troops to

3605:

formed some of Australia's earliest Islamic communities.

3145:

The churches with the largest number of members are the

8515:

Melbourne Anglicans: The Diocese of Melbourne 1847–1978

7854:"Global survey: youths see spiritual dimension to life" 7717: 6544:

Hussein Abdulwahid Ameen, 'Muslims in Our Near North',

6375:"Heritage branch | NSW Environment & Heritage" 5682:

Cowen, Zelman. "Isaacs, Sir Isaac Alfred (1855–1948)".

5605:

In Search of a Better Life: British and Irish Migration

5535:

Melbourne Anglicans: The Diocese of Melbourne 1847–1978

8459:

God's Willing Workers: Women and Religion in Australia

6559:"reCollections – Australia's Muslim cameleer heritage" 6546:

http://www.islamfortoday.com/australia03.htm#nearnorth

6099: 5293:"Aboriginal painting "Coming of the Macassan traders"" 5019:

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary

4802:

however these groups were mostly small and secretive.

4471:

systems, with an emphasis on life transitions such as

3731:

in the USA, attempts to associate the ideology/ies of

3320:, currently featured on the Australian $ 20 note; Sir 1409:

dance continue to draw on these spiritual traditions.

6907:

Baker, Jordan; Marcus, Caroline (23 September 2012).

3498:

Australian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists

3379:, as well as an increase in non-religious adherence. 3262:, which was opened as a free hospital in 1857 by the 8424:

Religious bodies in Australia: a comprehensive guide

7837:"God's OK, it's just the religion bit we don't like" 5983: 5853:"Feature Article: Characteristics of the Population" 5443:

Religious bodies in Australia: a comprehensive guide

5241:"Marrying Out – Part One: Not in Front of the Altar" 5078: 5049:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4850:, 32,083 Australians identified their religion as a 4208:

first came to Australia to work on cotton and sugar

3312:

and against British policy in Ireland; the Reverend

1616:

such as, from the 1860s onwards, the mainly Muslim "

8370:. Melbourne: Christian Research Association, 1997. 7330:

QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >

7304:

QuickLists > Compare Nations > Religions >

6821:"Building on social cohesion, harmony and security" 5397:T. L. Sutter. "Plunkett, John Hubert (1802–1869)". 4389: 3375:among Christians through organisations such as the 8563:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 4920:Flinders University Pagan Association (FUPA); FUPA 3962:. The largest Jewish community in Australia is in 3601:Cemetery, New South Wales Australia. Muslims from 3367:in Ireland, but sectarian division declined after 1337:traditionally followed a set of beliefs known as 1290:is diverse. In the 2021 national census, 43.9% of 7332:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010 7306:. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005 3652:. Australia's first mosque was built for them at 3389:, the oldest church in Australia's capital city, 1386: 10010: 7079:Serle, Geoffrey. "Sir John Monash (1865–1931)". 6699: 6697: 4038:There had been short-lived efforts to establish 3442:, as at the historic Lutheran Mission Chapel at 8584:The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day 8546:Historical Studies: Australia & New Zealand 8440:, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 5127:Catholic Church sexual abuse cases in Australia 3776:has been of particular concern to Australians. 8532:Rockchoppers: Growing Up Catholic in Australia 7930:. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000 7262: 7260: 7258: 6207:Griffin, James. "Mannix, Daniel (1864–1963)". 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 5883:"2011 Community Profiles: Time Series Profile" 5871: 5200: 5198: 4077:. The congregation appointed its first rabbi, 9802: 8828: 8706: 8489:(Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002) 6694: 6252:Bucknall, Graeme. "Flynn, John (1880–1951)". 6202: 6200: 6159:Jones, Philip. "Unaipon, David (1872–1967)". 5677: 5675: 5042:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 4975:from British colonial rule, specifically the 3479:(formerly the Church of England in Australia) 3304:of Melbourne – a controversial voice against 3288:Notable Australian Christians have included: 3226:Lutheran Church also have a number of schools 3074:Religious affiliation in Australia, 1971-2021 1268: 7770: 7433:"General Community Profile (Australia) 2016" 6501:"Christmas season celebrations in Australia" 6476:"Thredbo Chapel – Thredbo Ecumenical Church" 5845: 4993:Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia 4200:numbered 684,000 in the 2021 census, making 4015:, with most acknowledging leadership of the 3483:Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 1547:Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia 1479:. Drafted by the reformist attorney-general 1307:Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia 8510:(Sydney: Anglican Information Office, 1987) 8508:Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese 8461:(University of New South Wales Press, 2005) 8296:"Article 18 Freedom of religion and belief" 7255: 7191: 6987: 6906: 6108:A list of Influential Australian Christians 6039: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5531:Sydney Anglicans: A History of the Diocese 5195: 5147:Separation of church and state in Australia 4564:, athlete, activist and former Governor of 4493: 4170: 9809: 9795: 8835: 8821: 8713: 8699: 8650:2001 Census Dictionary – Religion category 8645:1996 Census Dictionary – Religion category 7891: 7403:"Nan Tien Temple | Southern Paradise" 7222:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7187: 7185: 6399: 6197: 5898: 5672: 5550: 5537:(Melbourne: Mitre Books, 1997); T. Frame, 4560:, the first Aboriginal author; Pastor Sir 4327:is a Theravadin Buddhist monastery in the 3874:became Australia's first Muslim member of 3402:, built between 1819 and 1824 by Governor 1275: 1261: 8720: 8438:The Encyclopedia of Religion in Australia 6653: 5235: 5233: 5118:Australian Association for Jewish Studies 4922:used to produce a club newsletter called 4588:. In recent times, Christians such as Fr 4347:Sri Guru Singh Sabha Gurudwara (Temple), 3820:of Australia in 2007 and was replaced by 3810:National Council of Churches in Australia 3806:Australian Federation of Islamic Councils 3430:, in the iconic hub of the city opposite 3377:National Council of Churches in Australia 3159:National Council of Churches in Australia 3106:(2.17) had moderate fertility rates, and 8422:Humphreys, Robert, and Rowland S. Ward. 8398:, Oxford University Press, London, 1973 7728:"Aboriginal Involvement with the Church" 7318: 7230: 7127:. Sydney Jewish Museum. 18 November 1992 6936:"Gallipoli Mosque | Mosque History" 6770:"Muslim leaders back advisory body plan" 6130:"Beginnings | Saint Mary MacKillop" 5748: 5396: 4987: 4665:Council of Australian Humanist Societies 4497: 4407: 4342: 4265: 4185: 4099: 3907: 3899: 3619: 3608: 3588: 3555:Presbyterian Reformed Church (Australia) 3550:Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia 3381: 3294:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart 3272: 3167: 3081: 3069: 1643:, an Australian-born Jew, was appointed 1582: 1567: 1556: 1493: 1449: 1430: 1396: 108: 9816: 8230:"Flinders University Pagan Association" 7758:"A father to the poor and dispossessed" 7702: 7182: 5989: 5454: 5441:Robert Humphreys, and Rowland S. Ward, 4982: 4707:about 7000. Between 1000 and 5000 are: 3951:survivors who arrived during and after 3530:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 3230:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 3211:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 3098:(1.84) had the lowest fertility rates. 10011: 8842: 8662:International Religious Freedom Report 8121: 8119: 8033: 8031: 8004: 8002: 7534: 7502: 7292: 6960: 6654:Tedmanson, Sophie (15 February 2010). 5637:"Trends in Religious Affiliation 2006" 5521:On Anglican history see B. Kaye, ed., 5230: 5169: 5167: 4576:community worker who, assisted by the 3947:descent, with many being refugees and 3113: 3065: 1457:, Anglican priest and chaplain to the 1345:religion bore similarities to broader 9790: 8816: 8694: 8667: 8660:Australia in USA Department of State 8586:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001) 8496:(Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 2000). 8396:Australian Religions: An Introduction 8008: 7862:, 2008, Retrieved on 8 November 2008. 7508:Australian Religions: An Introduction 7156: 7154: 7013:; ABC Online; Retrieved 21 Sept. 2013 6743:"Govt considers Muslim advisory body" 6324:"The Catholic Community in Australia" 5963: 5887:2011 Census of Population and Housing 5601: 5541:(Sydney: Hale & Iremonger, 2000). 5486: 5269: 5062: 5012: 4252:being the first established in 1977. 4159:Association of Religion Data Archives 4058:, Temple Emanuel, was established in 3524:Fellowship of Congregational Churches 1729: 8454:. Social Science Press pg 148 (2002) 8037: 7873:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2012" 6326:. Catholic Australia. Archived from 6298:"Civics | Sir Douglas Nicholls" 6251: 6056:"About Australia: Religious Freedom" 5364: 4695:Orthodox. Of the smaller religions, 4678: 4311:, or "Southern Paradise Temple", in 4046:, a sustained liberal congregation, 3056:2: Includes "inadequately described" 1697:No religion – up from 18.7% to 38.9% 1527:, among other religious traditions. 8487:Anglicanism in Australia: a History 8384:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1992. 8116: 8028: 7999: 7570:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 6206: 5811: 5523:Anglicanism in Australia: a History 5164: 4490:origins and dependence on the sea. 1588:Phap Hoa Vietnamese Buddhist temple 13: 8345: 8321:"Executive Summary: Isma – Listen" 7703:Pearson, Noel (12 February 2008). 7674:"Torres Strait Regional Authority" 7151: 6938:. 16 February 2011. Archived from 4941:of the 2000s in Australia include 3973:or other forms of state-sponsored 3351:and Philip Connolly. In 1901, the 3244:Catholic Social Services Australia 3238:University of Notre Dame Australia 1552: 1298:and 38.9% declared "no religion". 14: 10040: 8633: 8628:(Lutheran Publishing House, 1985) 8600:(Lutheran Publishing House, 1985) 8503:(Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1986) 8040:Handbook of Contemporary Paganism 8009:Walsh, Brendan C. (6 June 2023). 7778:"Father Frank Brennan AO – Chair" 7457:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 7435:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 7078: 7024:"Population of Jews in Australia" 6767: 6612:. 30 October 2010. Archived from 6158: 5859:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 5819:"Cultural diversity in Australia" 5681: 5608:. The History Press. p. 94. 5553:"Chapter - Religious affiliation" 5340:"A History of Islam in Australia" 5310: 5263: 4520:have had a significant impact on 4017:Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom 3748:in 1999, Afghanistan in 2001 and 3420:St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne 3118: 8687:(History of Religion in Sydney) 8473:Religion in Australia: A history 8313: 8288: 8274: 8248: 8222: 8204: 8179: 8154: 8145: 8086: 8060: 7981: 7956: 7916: 7865: 7846: 6830:. September 2006. Archived from 5461:Journal of Intercultural Studies 5384:10.1111/j.1467-9809.2010.00972.x 5317:Article about Islam in Australia 5132:Freedom of religion in Australia 5095: 5081: 4669:Rationalist Society of Australia 4618: 4482:The spirituality and customs of 4390:Indigenous Australian traditions 3896:History of the Jews in Australia 3798:Muslim Community Reference Group 3545:Presbyterian Church of Australia 3444:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory 3330:Archbishop Stylianos Harkianakis 3194:cleric, was charged by Governor 1244: 1063:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 194:Democratic Republic of the Congo 47: Religion not stated (7.3%) 8570:Australia: The Catholic Chapter 7830: 7800: 7750: 7696: 7666: 7636: 7610: 7585: 7557: 7528: 7496: 7482:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7470: 7447: 7425: 7395: 7369: 7356:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7344: 7139: 7117: 7072: 7046: 7016: 7004: 6981: 6954: 6928: 6909:"Inside Sydney's City of Imams" 6900: 6875: 6849: 6813: 6787: 6761: 6735: 6715: 6668: 6647: 6628: 6602: 6576: 6551: 6538: 6529: 6518: 6493: 6468: 6438: 6393: 6367: 6342: 6316: 6290: 6245: 6152: 6122: 6074: 6058:. 6 August 2010. Archived from 6030: 5957: 5943: 5917: 5914:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5905: 5879:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5827:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5785: 5767:Australian Bureau of Statistics 5720: 5647: 5595: 5570: 5544: 5515: 5480: 5448: 5435: 5390: 4962:University of Western Australia 4958:Alternative Spiritualities Club 4885:Adelaide University Occult Club 4661:Atheist Foundation of Australia 4454:and tended to have elements of 4400:Australian Aboriginal mythology 4240:. There are around forty-three 4095: 3514:Churches of Christ in Australia 3422:– among the finest examples of 3173:St. Andrew's Anglican Cathedral 1667:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1650: 1445: 1436:Hermannsburg Aboriginal Mission 1426:Macassan contact with Australia 10029:Religion in the British Empire 9837:Federated States of Micronesia 8590: 8517:(Melbourne: Mitre Books, 1997) 8354:Australian Aboriginal Religion 8258:. 16 June 2000. Archived from 7618:"Anglican Church of Australia" 7537:Australian Aboriginal Religion 7030:. 11 June 2009. Archived from 6963:"When Islam came to Australia" 6961:Rogers, Janak (24 June 2014). 6610:"Refugee Council of Australia" 5992:"Johnson, Richard (1753–1827)" 5829:. 21 June 2012. Archived from 5551:Statistics (20 January 2006). 5358: 5332: 5285: 5212: 4739:. There are also adherents of 4650:with any particular religion. 4544:Prominent Aboriginal activist 4412:Illustration of an Aboriginal 4031:congregations. There are also 4004:opened in 1992 to commemorate 3916:was the first Australian born 3428:St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne 3357:Separation of Church and State 3234:Australian Catholic University 3110:had the highest rate at 3.03. 1719: 1709:Sikhism – up from 0.1% to 0.8% 1387:Indigenous Australian religion 1: 8466:Australian Historical Studies 7859:The Christian Science Monitor 7200:. In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). 6988:Phil Mercer (31 March 2003). 6588:Multiculturalaustralia.edu.au 5474:10.1080/07256868.1981.9963177 5157: 4926:and host a radio show called 4914:, student club for pagans at 4627:The Christian Science Monitor 4607: 4333:Serpentine, Western Australia 3918:Governor General of Australia 3846:. 1,140 people identified as 3488:Australian Christian Churches 3260:St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney 3248:Saint Vincent de Paul Society 1502: 1379:, such as the mainly Muslim " 21:Religion in Australia (2021) 8553:Journal of Religious History 8521: 8479: 8426:(New Melbourne Press, 1995). 8417:Journal of religious history 8410:Journal of religious history 8356:, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1974 7326:"Most Baha'i Nations (2010)" 7300:"Most Baha'i Nations (2005)" 5578:"JewishHistoryAustralia.net" 5445:(New Melbourne Press, 1995). 5371:Journal of Religious History 4912:Sacred Grove Society (SGSFU) 4586:Aboriginal Catholic Ministry 4584:, the first Chairman of the 4538:Coming of the Light Festival 4164:World Christian Encyclopedia 3779:The Australian government's 3696:, Australia began to pursue 3560:Catholic Church in Australia 3540:Lutheran Church of Australia 3477:Anglican Church of Australia 3203:Anglican Church of Australia 3151:Anglican Church of Australia 1712:Buddhism - from 2.1% to 2.4% 1700:Islam – up from 1.7% to 3.2% 103: Other religions (0.4%) 7: 7198:"BAHAISM ix. Bahai Temples" 6705:"New mufti 'a gentle soul'" 5964:Allen, Liz (24 July 2017). 5137:National Church Life Survey 5074: 4943:Pagans and Gnostics of the 4785: 4504:Governor of South Australia 4255: 4175: 3904:The Great Synagogue, Sydney 3597:Zeriph Khan (1871–1903) at 3565:Uniting Church in Australia 3426:in Australia. The Anglican 3424:ecclesiastical architecture 3414:, was built to a design by 3412:St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney 3318:Royal Flying Doctor Service 3292:– educator, founder of the 3155:Uniting Church in Australia 1639:, in 1929, and in 1930 Sir 1590:, Adelaide, South Australia 1313:The Christian festivals of 114:St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney 10: 10045: 8539:The Catholics in Australia 7455:"Census Table Builder; id" 7352:"Australian Hindu Temples" 6990:"Aborigines turn to Islam" 6723:"Profile: Jemaah Islamiah" 6711:. Melbourne. 11 June 2007. 6086:Exwwwsvh.stvincents.com.au 5582:JewishHistoryAustralia.net 4653: 4611: 4393: 4375: 4371: 4353: 4338: 4259: 4244:temples in Australia, the 4179: 4109: 3931:are believed to have been 3889: 3885: 3582: 3535:CRC Churches International 3503:Baptist Union of Australia 3122: 1654: 1564:, Perth, Western Australia 1390: 1324: 10024:Demographics of Australia 9928: 9905: 9824: 9741: 9639: 9509: 9500: 9391: 9382: 9329: 9205:Intelligence and security 9131: 9122: 9090: 8995: 8986: 8921: 8863: 8854: 8728: 8668:Carey, Hilary M. (2008). 8506:S. Judd and K. J. Cable, 7948:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7763:The Sydney Morning Herald 7238:"Baháʼí House of Worship" 5659:Primeministers.naa.gov.au 5322:29 September 2007 at the 5053:11 September 2001 attacks 4673:Global Atheist Convention 4349:Glenwood, New South Wales 4112:Baháʼí Faith in Australia 3393:, was consecrated in 1845 3387:St John's Anglican Church 3218:Catholic education system 3163:Christian ecumenical body 3125:Christianity in Australia 1797: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1358:Nonconformist Protestants 9983:Northern Mariana Islands 8607:(1993): 89–102. in JSTOR 6563:Recollections.nma.gov.au 4971:Australia inherited its 4887:, a student club at the 4494:Since British settlement 4171:Indian/Dharmic religions 3578: 3222:Anglican Church educates 1521:Scottish Presbyterianism 1499:Scot's Church, Melbourne 179:Central African Republic 9948:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 8468:33.120 (2002): 373–388. 8452:New Studies in Religion 7924:"Religion in Australia" 7732:Cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au 7512:Oxford University Press 6640:27 January 2012 at the 4614:Irreligion in Australia 4596:human rights lawyer Fr 4484:Torres Strait Islanders 4429:Dreaming (spirituality) 4425:Dreaming (spirituality) 4404:Dreaming (spirituality) 4190:Shiva Vishnu Temple in 4142:Baháʼí House of Worship 4128:, a northern suburb of 3980:Sydney's gothic design 3854:; community worker and 3840:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque 3836:Central Adelaide Mosque 3679:Central Adelaide Mosque 3614:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque 3508:Christian City Churches 3432:Flinders Street station 3400:St James Church, Sydney 3353:Australian Constitution 1657:Demography of Australia 1578:Bourke, New South Wales 1406:Dreaming (spirituality) 1356:with lesser numbers of 9599:Indigenous Australians 9100:States and territories 8575:O'Donoghue, Thomas A. 8382:Believing in Australia 8212:"Sacred Grove Society" 8100:. 2012. Archived from 7968:Australia.raelians.org 7535:Berndt, R. M. (1974). 7478:"Census Table Builder" 7242:Dictionaryofsydney.org 5602:Davis, Graham (2011). 5503:Cite journal requires 5279:Dictionaryofsydney.org 5002: 4977:Witchcraft Act of 1735 4939:university pagan clubs 4889:University of Adelaide 4818:2001 Australian census 4749:Unitarian Universalism 4699:religions 29,328, the 4548:, himself raised at a 4522:Indigenous Australians 4510: 4421: 4396:Indigenous Australians 4351: 4284: 4194: 4107: 3921: 3905: 3880:Second Rudd government 3792:in 2005. In 2005, the 3783:processing system for 3629: 3617: 3606: 3510:, started in Australia 3394: 3285: 3183: 3075: 1706:– up from 0.7% to 2.7% 1676: 1629:White Australia Policy 1610:Australian gold rushes 1591: 1580: 1565: 1513:gold rush of the 1850s 1508: 1485:Lutherans from Germany 1461: 1442: 1402: 1373:Australian gold rushes 1343:Torres Strait Islander 1288:Religion in Australia 726:Bosnia and Herzegovina 116: 10019:Religion in Australia 9931:and other territories 8893:Territorial evolution 8722:Religion in Australia 8624:Hunt, Arnold Dudley. 8610:Hardgrave, Donald W. 8565:(1995) 81(2): 195–212 8555:34.3 (2010): 289–311. 8548:(1958) 8(31): 254–267 8419:21.2 (1997): 209–227. 8412:15.2 (1988): 219–235. 7903:Censusdata.abs.gov.au 7841:Sydney Morning Herald 7648:Reconciliation.org.au 7202:Encyclopaedia Iranica 7162:"SBS Census Explorer" 6548:, (viewed) 7 May 2008 5224:Australian government 4997: 4988:Constitutional status 4839:The 2001 census (and 4646:, and people who are 4534:Torres Strait Islands 4501: 4411: 4346: 4329:Thai Forest Tradition 4269: 4262:Buddhism in Australia 4189: 4182:Hinduism in Australia 4103: 4050:, was established in 3935:to Sydney aboard the 3911: 3903: 3623: 3612: 3592: 3385: 3345:Castle Hill Rebellion 3276: 3256:Youth Off the Streets 3171: 3082:Total fertility rates 3073: 2317:Seventh-day Adventist 1671: 1586: 1571: 1560: 1497: 1453: 1434: 1400: 1321:are public holidays. 1053:Saint Kitts and Nevis 339:São Tomé and Príncipe 199:Republic of the Congo 112: 9818:Religion in Oceania 9339:Cabinet of Australia 9314:Government ministers 9082:World Heritage Sites 8888:European exploration 8675:Dictionary of Sydney 8582:O'Farrell, Patrick. 7964:"Raelian Movement -" 7146:Hilary L. Rubinstein 6914:The Sunday Telegraph 6857:"Muslim Australians" 6450:Jamberooabbey.org.au 6134:Marymackillop.org.au 5773:on 20 September 2017 5728:"Sample Census Form" 4983:Religion and the law 4945:University of Sydney 4792:Ordo Templi Orientis 4378:Jainism in Australia 4356:Sikhism in Australia 4325:Bodhinyana Monastery 4122:Sydney Baháʼí Temple 4105:Sydney Baháʼí Temple 4002:Sydney Jewish Museum 3892:Judaism in Australia 3870:. In 2013, Labor MP 3729:11 September attacks 3624:Rugby League player 2750:Other non-Christian 1608:As noted above, the 1603:penal transportation 666:United Arab Emirates 9411:Gross state product 8471:Thompson, Roger C. 8236:on 12 November 2001 7818:on 18 February 2011 7413:on 20 February 2011 6942:on 16 February 2011 6480:Thredboweddings.com 6379:Heritage.nsw.gov.au 5970:Theconversation.com 5881:(31 October 2012). 5346:on 30 November 2007 5328:Connecticut College 4916:Flinders University 4860:Neopagan witchcraft 4807:Alexandrian Wiccans 4798:, and figures like 4780:Aboriginal religion 4084:In 2012, the first 3781:mandatory detention 3762:gang rape in Sydney 3675:southern hemisphere 3595:Afghan camel driver 3114:Abrahamic religions 3066:Line and bar charts 2795:Non-Christian total 1991:Jehovah's Witnesses 1726: 1543:Freedom of Religion 1523:, and more English 1251:Religion portal 1068:Trinidad and Tobago 958:Antigua and Barbuda 123:Religion by country 9729:Australian studies 9664:Australian English 9473:Telecommunications 9309:Government leaders 9252:Political ideology 8568:Murtagh, James G. 8328:Humanrights.gov.au 8256:"Pagans On Campus" 7684:on 2 November 2007 7573:. 14 December 1999 6863:on 27 January 2012 6682:on 26 October 2006 6635:Muslim Australians 6616:on 30 October 2010 5249:ABC Radio National 5152:Stolen Generations 5069:Abraham Conference 5063:Interfaith efforts 5055:in the US and the 5013:Other interactions 4841:following censuses 4811:Gardnerian Wiccans 4578:Sisters of Charity 4511: 4422: 4352: 4285: 4195: 4108: 4048:Temple Beth Israel 3922: 3906: 3848:Aboriginal Muslims 3822:Fehmi Naji El-Imam 3630: 3618: 3607: 3585:Islam in Australia 3395: 3349:John Joseph Therry 3286: 3264:Sisters of Charity 3228:in Australia. The 3184: 3161:has been the main 3076: 1945:Churches of Christ 1724: 1620:". From the 1870s 1601:were sentenced to 1592: 1581: 1566: 1562:Perth Shiva Temple 1509: 1476:Church Act of 1836 1462: 1443: 1440:Northern Territory 1403: 1393:Stolen Generations 1331:Aboriginal peoples 998:Dominican Republic 117: 10006: 10005: 9998:Wallis and Futuna 9906:Associated states 9784: 9783: 9737: 9736: 9559:Human trafficking 9496: 9495: 9378: 9377: 9178:Foreign relations 9118: 9117: 8982: 8981: 8929:Asian Australians 8810: 8809: 8753:Eastern Orthodoxy 8537:Dixon, Robert E. 8446:978-0-521-86407-7 8436:Jupp, James, ed. 8380:Carey, Hilary M. 8366:Bouma, Gary, ed. 8074:. 18 January 2018 7218:cite encyclopedia 7058:Jewishnews.net.au 7028:Judaism.about.com 6302:Curriculum.edu.au 5931:. 15 October 2021 5251:. 11 October 2009 5220:"Public holidays" 5006:official religion 4954:Monash University 4796:British occultism 4602:Josephite Sisters 4570:Mum (Shirl) Smith 4296:, East Asian and 4246:Sri Mandir Temple 4149:Australian Census 4144:to be completed. 4138:Sydney University 4136:, a historian at 4086:humanistic Jewish 3814:Taj El-Din Hilaly 3794:Howard government 3758:Taj El-Din Hilaly 3648:roads across the 3526:, Australian only 3492:Assemblies of God 3465:, roast dinners, 3316:– founder of the 3254:, Anglicare, and 3192:Church of England 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3046: 2037:Latter Day Saints 1795: 1787: 1779: 1771: 1763: 1755: 1599:Tolpuddle Martyrs 1545:was enshrined in 1517:Irish Catholicism 1469:in the colony of 1354:Church of England 1303:official religion 1301:Australia has no 1285: 1284: 214:Equatorial Guinea 10036: 9988:Pitcairn Islands 9958:French Polynesia 9943:Christmas Island 9872:Papua New Guinea 9852:Marshall Islands 9825:Sovereign states 9811: 9804: 9797: 9788: 9787: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9626:Waste management 9507: 9506: 9428:Household income 9389: 9388: 9351:Governor-General 9161:Electoral system 9129: 9128: 8993: 8992: 8861: 8860: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8715: 8708: 8701: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8617:Harrison, John. 8596:Brauer, Alfred. 8513:B. Porter, ed., 8450:Lovat, Terence. 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8325: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8243: 8241: 8232:. Archived from 8226: 8220: 8219: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8158: 8152: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8123: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8104:on 15 March 2013 8098:Pagandash.org.au 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8035: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8015:The Conversation 8006: 7997: 7996: 7993:Media Fact Sheet 7985: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7947: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7869: 7863: 7850: 7844: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7814:. Archived from 7804: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7784:. Archived from 7774: 7768: 7767: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7738:on 22 April 2002 7734:. Archived from 7724: 7715: 7714: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7680:. Archived from 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7650:. Archived from 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7620:. Archived from 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7543:. pp. 4–5. 7532: 7526: 7525: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7474: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7409:. Archived from 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7383:on 18 April 2011 7379:. Archived from 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7273:. Archived from 7272: 7264: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7221: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7189: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7158: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7108: 7104: 7102: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7060:. 11 August 2009 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6859:. Archived from 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6836: 6825: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6731:. 10 March 2010. 6719: 6713: 6712: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6678:. Archived from 6672: 6666: 6665: 6651: 6645: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6505:Australia.gov.au 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6456:on 20 March 2012 6452:. Archived from 6442: 6436: 6435: 6429: 6425: 6423: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6330:on 24 March 2012 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6236: 6232: 6230: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6140:on 23 March 2010 6136:. Archived from 6126: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6062:on 6 August 2010 6052: 6037: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6021: 6017: 6015: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5857:Yearbook 2009–10 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5833:on 25 April 2016 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5769:. Archived from 5759: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5732: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5711: 5707: 5705: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5679: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5548: 5542: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5506: 5501: 5499: 5491: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5456:Lehmann, Hartmut 5452: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5420: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5342:. Archived from 5336: 5330: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5237: 5228: 5227: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5202: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5179: 5171: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5091: 5089:Australia portal 5086: 5085: 5084: 4871:nature religions 4800:Aleister Crowley 4689:Serbian Orthodox 4562:Douglas Nicholls 4514:European culture 4508:Douglas Nicholls 4456:ancestor worship 4323:Buddhist order. 4278:Chinese Buddhism 3945:Eastern European 3832:cultural Muslims 3796:established the 3774:Jemaah Islamiyah 3770:South East Asian 3698:multiculturalism 3408:Francis Greenway 3322:Douglas Nicholls 3240:based in Perth. 3060: 3055: 3049: 2937: 2865: 2793: 2749: 2703: 2657: 2613: 2567: 2521: 2451: 2408:Other Christian 2407: 2361: 2315: 2269: 2219: 2173: 2129:Eastern Orthodox 2127: 2081: 2035: 1989: 1943: 1897: 1851: 1805: 1793: 1785: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1753: 1727: 1723: 1645:Governor-General 1618:Afghan Cameleers 1507: 1504: 1381:Afghan Cameleers 1294:identified with 1277: 1270: 1263: 1249: 1248: 1133:Papua New Guinea 1108:Marshall Islands 926:Northern Ireland 119: 118: 102: 92: 82: 72: 62: 52: 46: 36: 26: 10044: 10043: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10033: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10002: 9930: 9924: 9907: 9901: 9882:Solomon Islands 9820: 9815: 9785: 9780: 9767: 9760: 9753: 9746: 9733: 9694:Public holidays 9635: 9579:Life expectancy 9492: 9374: 9325: 9114: 9086: 9072:Protected areas 8978: 8917: 8850: 8841: 8811: 8806: 8724: 8719: 8680: 8678: 8636: 8631: 8593: 8559:McGrath, Sophie 8528:Campion, Edmund 8524: 8482: 8457:O'Brien, Anne. 8348: 8346:Further reading 8343: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8323: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8262:on 16 June 2000 8254: 8253: 8249: 8239: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8160: 8159: 8155: 8150: 8146: 8136: 8134: 8125: 8124: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8077: 8075: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8054: 8036: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8007: 8000: 7995:. 27 June 2007. 7987: 7986: 7982: 7972: 7970: 7962: 7961: 7957: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7931: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7907: 7905: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7882: 7880: 7871: 7870: 7866: 7852:Lampman, Jane. 7851: 7847: 7835: 7831: 7821: 7819: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7789: 7788:on 6 March 2012 7776: 7775: 7771: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7741: 7739: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7657: 7655: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7624:on 16 June 2005 7616: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7533: 7529: 7522: 7501: 7497: 7486: 7484: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7460: 7458: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7401: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7280:on 19 June 2005 7277: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7215: 7214: 7207: 7205: 7190: 7183: 7173: 7171: 7160: 7159: 7152: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7106: 7105: 7096: 7095: 7088: 7086: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6986: 6982: 6972: 6970: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6881: 6880: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6855: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6837:on 10 July 2009 6834: 6828:www.immi.gov.au 6823: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6801:. 10 March 2008 6799:News.smh.com.au 6793: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6774:News.smh.com.au 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6749:. 11 March 2008 6747:News.smh.com.au 6741: 6740: 6736: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6703: 6702: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6652: 6648: 6642:Wayback Machine 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6543: 6539: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6427: 6426: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6407: 6398: 6394: 6384: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6348: 6347: 6343: 6333: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6279: 6278: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6250: 6246: 6234: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6216: 6214: 6205: 6198: 6186: 6185: 6176: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6114: 6112: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6054: 6053: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6019: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5999: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5962: 5958: 5953:. 7 April 2022. 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5891: 5889: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5834: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5761: 5760: 5749: 5739: 5737: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5709: 5708: 5699: 5698: 5691: 5689: 5680: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5549: 5545: 5520: 5516: 5504: 5502: 5493: 5492: 5485: 5481: 5453: 5449: 5440: 5436: 5424: 5423: 5414: 5413: 5406: 5404: 5395: 5391: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5324:Wayback Machine 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5208:. 7 April 2022. 5204: 5203: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5160: 5103:Religion portal 5101: 5094: 5087: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5065: 5015: 4995:provides that: 4990: 4985: 4973:witchcraft laws 4788: 4681: 4679:Other religions 4656: 4621: 4616: 4610: 4572:, a celebrated 4566:South Australia 4496: 4440:Rainbow Serpent 4406: 4394:Main articles: 4392: 4380: 4374: 4358: 4341: 4309:Nan Tien Temple 4271:Nan Tien Temple 4264: 4258: 4184: 4178: 4173: 4134:Jennifer Taylor 4132:. According to 4124:is situated in 4114: 4098: 4056:Reform Movement 4035:congregations. 3990:First World War 3982:Great Synagogue 3924:At least eight 3898: 3890:Main articles: 3888: 3852:Anthony Mundine 3772:militant group 3733:Osama bin Laden 3683:White Australia 3658:South Australia 3587: 3581: 3463:Christmas trees 3452:Snowy Mountains 3416:William Wardell 3365:Easter Uprising 3361:First World War 3326:South Australia 3282:Catholic Church 3207:Catholic Church 3188:Richard Johnson 3181:New South Wales 3147:Catholic Church 3127: 3121: 3116: 3094:(1.81) and the 3084: 3068: 2933: 2861: 2791: 2747: 2701: 2655: 2611: 2565: 2519: 2453:Christian total 2449: 2405: 2359: 2313: 2267: 2217: 2171: 2125: 2079: 2033: 1987: 1941: 1895: 1849: 1803: 1722: 1659: 1653: 1555: 1553:Other religions 1505: 1471:New South Wales 1455:Richard Johnson 1448: 1395: 1389: 1327: 1281: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1173: 1163: 1162: 1143:Solomon Islands 1088: 1078: 1077: 953: 943: 942: 846:North Macedonia 696: 686: 685: 419: 409: 408: 134: 107: 106: 105: 104: 100: 98: 90: 88: 80: 78: 70: 68: 60: 58: 50: 48: 44: 42: 34: 32: 24: 12: 11: 5: 10042: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10004: 10003: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9978:Norfolk Island 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9938:American Samoa 9934: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9917: 9911: 9909: 9908:of New Zealand 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9828: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9814: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9791: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9773: 9766: 9765: 9758: 9751: 9743: 9742: 9739: 9738: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9645: 9643: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9488:Welfare system 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9463:Superannuation 9460: 9458:Stock exchange 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9424: 9423: 9421:Public housing 9416:Home ownership 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9363:Prime Minister 9360: 9359: 9358: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9335: 9333: 9327: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9321:Shadow Cabinet 9318: 9317: 9316: 9311: 9301: 9299:Public Service 9296: 9295: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9180: 9175: 9173:Federal budget 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9096: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9028: 9027: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9005:Climate change 9002: 8996: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8934:Constitutional 8931: 8925: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8840: 8839: 8832: 8825: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8765: 8755: 8750: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8718: 8717: 8710: 8703: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8665: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8635: 8634:External links 8632: 8630: 8629: 8622: 8615: 8608: 8605:Labour History 8601: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8566: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8490: 8485:B. Kaye, ed., 8481: 8478: 8477: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8434: 8427: 8420: 8413: 8406: 8392: 8378: 8364: 8352:Berndt, R. M. 8349: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8312: 8287: 8273: 8247: 8221: 8203: 8191:amp.abc.net.au 8178: 8153: 8144: 8133:. 9 April 2021 8115: 8085: 8059: 8052: 8027: 7998: 7980: 7955: 7915: 7890: 7864: 7845: 7829: 7799: 7769: 7766:. 19 May 2005. 7749: 7716: 7710:The Australian 7695: 7665: 7654:on 15 May 2013 7635: 7609: 7584: 7556: 7549: 7527: 7520: 7495: 7469: 7446: 7424: 7407:Nantien.org.au 7394: 7368: 7343: 7317: 7291: 7254: 7229: 7181: 7150: 7138: 7116: 7107:|website= 7071: 7045: 7034:on 15 May 2013 7015: 7003: 6980: 6953: 6927: 6899: 6874: 6848: 6812: 6786: 6768:Kirby, Simon. 6760: 6734: 6714: 6693: 6667: 6646: 6627: 6601: 6575: 6550: 6537: 6528: 6517: 6492: 6467: 6437: 6428:|website= 6392: 6381:. 27 June 2013 6366: 6341: 6315: 6304:. 14 June 2005 6289: 6280:|website= 6244: 6235:|website= 6196: 6187:|website= 6151: 6121: 6098: 6073: 6038: 6029: 6020:|website= 5982: 5956: 5942: 5916: 5904: 5870: 5844: 5810: 5799:. 28 June 2022 5784: 5747: 5719: 5710:|website= 5671: 5646: 5643:. 27 May 1994. 5628: 5614: 5594: 5569: 5557:www.abs.gov.au 5543: 5514: 5505:|journal= 5488:Smith, Babette 5479: 5447: 5434: 5425:|website= 5389: 5366:Lake, Meredith 5357: 5331: 5309: 5284: 5262: 5229: 5211: 5194: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5120: 5115: 5107: 5106: 5092: 5076: 5073: 5064: 5061: 5014: 5011: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4787: 4784: 4680: 4677: 4655: 4652: 4620: 4617: 4612:Main article: 4609: 4606: 4495: 4492: 4433:Aboriginal art 4391: 4388: 4376:Main article: 4373: 4370: 4354:Main article: 4340: 4337: 4260:Main article: 4257: 4254: 4250:Auburn, Sydney 4180:Main article: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4110:Main article: 4097: 4094: 4075:John Rosenberg 4071:Kehilat Nitzan 3941:Ashkenazi Jews 3887: 3884: 3860:Hazem El Masri 3790:Cronulla riots 3785:asylum seekers 3740:in 2002–5 and 3727:Following the 3694:Malcolm Fraser 3626:Hazem El Masri 3583:Main article: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490:(formerly the 3485: 3480: 3448:Wayside Chapel 3406:'s architect, 3341:British Empire 3290:Mary MacKillop 3278:Mary MacKillop 3252:Salvation Army 3196:Arthur Phillip 3123:Main article: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3083: 3080: 3067: 3064: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2363:Uniting Church 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2271:Salvation Army 2264: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1652: 1649: 1633:prime minister 1554: 1551: 1467:disestablished 1447: 1444: 1388: 1385: 1349:spirituality. 1326: 1323: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 954: 949: 948: 945: 944: 941: 940: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 916:United Kingdom 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 697: 692: 691: 688: 687: 684: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 542: 541: 536: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 420: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 135: 130: 129: 126: 125: 99: 89: 79: 69: 59: 49: 43: 33: 23: 19: 18: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10041: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10014: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9973:New Caledonia 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9953:Easter Island 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9807: 9805: 9800: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9740: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9638: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9594:Ethnic groups 9592: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9433:Manufacturing 9431: 9429: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9287:Republicanism 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9242:National debt 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9212: 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Hilliard, 8498: 8495: 8491: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8474: 8470: 8467: 8463: 8460: 8456: 8453: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8428: 8425: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8407: 8405: 8404:0-8014-0729-X 8401: 8397: 8393: 8391: 8390:1-86373-950-5 8387: 8383: 8379: 8377: 8376:1-875223-14-2 8373: 8369: 8365: 8363: 8362:90-04-03861-2 8359: 8355: 8351: 8350: 8329: 8322: 8316: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8251: 8235: 8231: 8225: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8192: 8188: 8182: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8148: 8132: 8128: 8122: 8120: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8055: 8053:9789004163737 8049: 8045: 8041: 8034: 8032: 8016: 8012: 8005: 8003: 7994: 7990: 7984: 7969: 7965: 7959: 7951: 7945: 7929: 7928:Adherents.com 7925: 7919: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7879:. 24 May 2012 7878: 7874: 7868: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7842: 7838: 7833: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7753: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7721: 7712: 7711: 7706: 7699: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7560: 7552: 7550:90-04-03861-2 7546: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7523: 7521:0-8014-0729-X 7517: 7514:. p. 1. 7513: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7456: 7450: 7434: 7428: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7398: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7357: 7353: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7276: 7269: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7225: 7219: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7188: 7186: 7170: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7147: 7142: 7126: 7120: 7112: 7100: 7084: 7083: 7075: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7012: 7007: 6991: 6984: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6903: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6816: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6698: 6681: 6677: 6671: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6631: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6532: 6526: 6521: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6433: 6421: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6380: 6376: 6370: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6285: 6273: 6257: 6256: 6248: 6240: 6228: 6212: 6211: 6203: 6201: 6192: 6180: 6164: 6163: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6110: 6109: 6102: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6033: 6025: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5990:K. J. Cable. 5986: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5736: 5729: 5723: 5715: 5703: 5687: 5686: 5678: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5617: 5615:9780752474601 5611: 5607: 5606: 5598: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5558: 5554: 5547: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5497: 5489: 5483: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5418: 5402: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5361: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5298: 5297:Cs.nga.gov.au 5294: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5271:Carey, Hilary 5266: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5183: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5093: 5090: 5079: 5072: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5057:Bali bombings 5054: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5007: 5001: 5000:Commonwealth. 4996: 4994: 4980: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4966:Pagan Network 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4940: 4935: 4933: 4932:student radio 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4893:student union 4890: 4886: 4883:In 2021, The 4881: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4619:Non-religious 4615: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4598:Frank Brennan 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4582:Aden Ridgeway 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4558:David Unaipon 4555: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4527: 4524:. As in many 4523: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4464:Mircea Eliade 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4418:William Barak 4415: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4384: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4345: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321:Fo Guang Shan 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4275:Fo Guang Shan 4272: 4268: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4006:The Holocaust 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3975:anti-Semitism 3972: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866:and academic 3865: 3864:Usman Khawaja 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3766:Bali bombings 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3690:Gough Whitlam 3686: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3603:British India 3600: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494:in Australia) 3493: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363:and the 1916 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302:Daniel Mannix 3299: 3298:David Unaipon 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3126: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3096:non-religious 3093: 3089: 3079: 3072: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 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1801: 1751: 1728: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:James Scullin 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614:British India 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1572:19th century 1570: 1563: 1559: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1481:John Plunkett 1478: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1399: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1377:British India 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1171:South America 1167: 1166: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1073:United States 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 955: 952: 951:North America 947: 946: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 806:Liechtenstein 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 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