918:
political arena of immigration, settlement and welfare. The authors responsible for versions of the ideology were also principal actors in the struggle to advance their beliefs and make them government policy". Lopez asserts that through "core groups and activists' sympathisers and contacts ... multiculturalism became government policy ... because the multiculturalists and their supporters were able to influence the ideological content of the
Minister's sources of policy ... Contemporary public opinion polls implied ... in the general population, a widespread resentment, or a lack of interest, of the kinds of ideas advanced by multiculturalists. ... The original constituency for multiculturalism was small; popular opinion was an obstacle, not an asset, for the multiculturalists." Furthermore, according to Lopez: "Multiculturalism was not simply picked up and appreciated and implemented by policy makers, government and the major political parties ... n every episode that resulted in the progress of multiculturalism, the effectiveness of the political lobbyists was a decisive factor. ... tirelessly promoted and manoeuvered forward". However, the above argument have been contested by others, who note that "Government sponsored conferences were in fact held at least once a year from 1950 to discuss immigration issues and to provide information for both government and the Australian public".
491:
881:, Blainey criticised Australian multiculturalism for tending to emphasise the rights of ethnic minorities at the expense of the majority population and for being "anti-British", despite Britons being the largest ethnic group to have migrated to Australia. According to Blainey, such policies created divisions and threatened national cohesion. He argued that "the evidence is clear that many multicultural societies have failed and that the human cost of the failure has been high" and warned that "we should think very carefully about the perils of converting Australia into a giant multicultural laboratory for the assumed benefit of the peoples of the world".
293:
482:, character of Australian society. As the twentieth century progressed and the number of migrants from the United Kingdom became insufficient to meet labour shortages, immigrants came increasingly from other parts of Europe, such as Italy, Greece, Germany, the Netherlands, and the former Yugoslavia. The prevailing attitude to migrant settlement up until this time was based on the expectation of assimilation—that is, that migrants should shed their cultures and languages and rapidly become indistinguishable from the host population.
52:
827:, while Birrell's concern was that multiculturalism obscures the social costs associated with large scale immigration that fall most heavily on the most recently arrived and unskilled immigrants. Sestito's arguments were based on the role of political parties. He argued that political parties were instrumental in pursuing multicultural policies, and that these policies would put strain on the political system and would not promote better understanding in the Australian community.
1129:
1115:
1977:
1535:
478:, known informally as the White Australia policy, restricted non-European immigration to Australia from 1901 to 1973. The policy limited the ethnic and cultural diversity of the immigrant population. The policy was an attempt to preserve the "Anglo-Saxon" ethno-cultural identity of the Australian nation, promote European immigration, and to exclude persons who did not fit the European, predominantly
905:, a proponent of multiculturalism while at the same time promoting a citizenship campaign and stressing the common elements of our culture, and anti-multiculturalism statements by Prime Minister Howard, who aroused the ire of multiculturalists who thought that he was suggesting closing down Italian restaurants and prohibiting the speaking of the Italian language when he proposed no such thing.
680:
English and
English literacy, and inter-ethnic education), Indigenous rights (through diverse First Nations languages support and recognition) and Australia's external relations and integration into Asian regional affairs (through promotion of key languages of Asia). The principles of the NPL have continued in the decades since its adoption in state and other federal policy settings.
663:. This was partly because of a poor reaction to their 1986 budget, which led to the need for better information to be gathered on multicultural issues, and it was recommended by the Jupp Review of Migrant and Multicultural Programs and Services. Putting it in PMC gave multicultural affairs the same status as women's and Aboriginal issues.
866:
You have always insisted on the right to determine the composition of your own people. Australia wants that right now. What you are attempting to do now, Japan attempted after the last war and was prevented by
Australia. Had we opened New Guinea and Australia to Japanese immigration then the Pacific
530:
The meaning of multiculturalism has been altered significantly since its formal introduction to
Australia. Originally it was understood by the mainstream population as a need for acceptance that many members of the Australian community originally came from different cultures and still had ties to it.
498:
From the mid-1960s until 1973, when the final vestiges of the White
Australia policy were removed, policies started to examine assumptions about assimilation. They recognised that many migrants, especially those whose first language was not English, experienced hardships as they settled in Australia,
954:. One Nation campaigned strongly against official multiculturalism, arguing that it represented "a threat to the very basis of the Australian culture, identity and shared values" and that there was "no reason why migrant cultures should be maintained at the expense of our shared, national culture.".
888:
For the millions of
Australians who have no other nation to fall back upon, multiculturalism is almost an insult. It is divisive. It threatens social cohesion. It could, in the long-term, also endanger Australia's military security because it sets up enclaves which in a crisis could appeal to their
849:
It is necessary that we should determine what are the ideals towards which every
Australian would desire to strive. I think those ideals might well be stated as being to secure our national safety, and to ensure the maintenance of our White Australia Policy to continue as an integral portion of the
679:
1987 - adoption by
Federal cabinet of the National Policy on Languages. This was the first explicit language policy in Australia and combined a focus on multicultural rights (through support of community languages, interpreting and translating and related issues), with social cohesion (support for
900:
argued that while multiculturalism might serve the needs of ethnic politics and the demands of certain ethnic groups for government funding for the promotion of their separate ethnic identity, it is a perilous concept on which to found national policy. Hirst identified contradictory statements by
2594:
The
Multicultural NSW Legislation Amendment Act 2014 amends the Community Relations Commission and Principles of Multiculturalism Act 2000, and renames it The Multicultural NSW Act 2000 (the Act). The Act establishes Multicultural NSW as the government agency in NSW responsible for promoting and
957:
Despite many calls for Howard to censure Hanson, his response was to state that her speech indicated a new freedom of expression in
Australia on such issues, and that he believed strongly in freedom of speech. Rather than official multiculturalism, Howard advocated instead the idea of a "shared
917:
Critics have argued that multiculturalism was introduced as official policy in Australia without public support or consultation. According to academic Mark Lopez: "Multiculturalism was developed by a small number of academics, social workers and activists, initially located on the fringe of the
1004:
In exploring the discourse of multiculturalism others have argued that the threat to social cohesion and national identity have been overstated. For instance, Ramakrishan (2013) argues that the "largely European" cultural traditions of the population have been maintained despite greater ethnic
912:
Insofar as multiculturalism makes what it calls 'Anglo-Celts' the equivalent of Italians and Turks, it denies the very notion of a host. we are all immigrants of many cultures, contributing to a multicultural society. This may serve the needs of ethnic politics. As a serious historical or
1896:
805:'s term runs from 2022 to 2025. It "is a ministerially appointed body representing a broad cross-section of Australian interests that provides independent and robust advice to Government on multicultural affairs, social cohesion and integration policy and programs".
526:
up to his electoral defeat 1996. "CALD" (or Culturally and Linguistically Diverse) policies continue to be implemented at all levels of government and public service, such as medical support systems which cater specifically to non-English speaking residents.
622:, the Prime Minister referred to Australia as a "multicultural nation". The Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition made speeches demonstrating for the first time that multiculturalism was becoming a major political priority on both sides of politics.
593:
By 1973, the term "multiculturalism" had been introduced, and migrant groups were forming state and national associations to maintain their cultures, and promote the survival of their languages and heritages within mainstream institutions. Professor
499:
and required more direct assistance. Governments also recognised the importance of ethnic organisations in helping with migrant settlement. Expenditure on migrant assistance and welfare increased in the early 1970s in response to these needs.
929:
have adopted a multicultural stance for the purposes of increasing their support within the party. A manifestation of this embrace of multiculturalism has been the creation of ethnic branches within the Labor Party and ethnic
581:), as it goes beyond linguistic factors. The term is mostly used to "distinguish the mainstream community from those in which English is not the main language and/or cultural norms and values differ", but is not inclusive of
945:
in the late 1980s which called for a reduction in Asian immigration. He later retracted the policy, citing his then position as wrong. Shortly after the Howard government took office, a new independent member of Parliament,
747:
May 2003 – the government released its multicultural policy statement, "Multicultural Australia: United in Diversity". It updated the 1999 new agenda, set strategic directions for 2003–06, and included a commitment to the
1005:
diversity. Others have asserted that the emphasis on notions such as 'Identity, citizenship, social cohesion and integration' serves more as a catchphrase rather than pragmatic attempts to address the given issues.
636:
1978 – the first official national multicultural policies were implemented by the Fraser government, in accord with recommendations of the Galbally Report in the context of government programs and services for
1576:
667:
was appointed director, who turned the focus on the economic benefits of a culturally diverse society. OMA advised the PM and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs as well as the newly-established
548:
According to the National Agenda for a Multicultural Australia in 2014, the Australian Government was concerned with three broad policy areas: cultural identity, social justice, and economic efficiency.
1520:
545:. Aboriginal Australians make up approximately 2.5% of the population. In 2008, Australia was ranked 18th in the world in terms of net migration per capita, ahead of Canada, the US and most of Europe.
950:, made her maiden speech in which she was highly critical of multiculturalism, saying that a multicultural society could never be strong. Hanson went on to form her own political party,
838:, saying, "This country shall remain forever the home of the descendants of those people who came here in peace in order to establish in the South Seas an outpost of the British race".
541:
According to the 2011 census, 26% of the population were born overseas, with a further 20% having at least one parent born overseas. Of the population born overseas, 82% lived in the
538:
The overall level of immigration to Australia has grown during the last decades. Net overseas immigrants increased from 30,000 in 1993 to 118,000 in 2003–04, and 262,500 in 2016–17.
3582:
875:
achieved mainstream recognition as a critic of multiculturalism when he wrote that multiculturalism threatened to transform Australia into a "cluster of tribes". In his 1984 book
850:
British Empire. We intend to keep this country white and not allow its people to be faced with the problems that at present are practically insoluble in many parts of the world.
1468:
Labour Mobility in the Asia-Pacific Region: Dynamics, Issues and a New APEC Agenda : A Survey and Analyses of Governance Challenges on Labour Migration for APEC Economies
490:
1157:
1055:. The award aimed "to encourage themes of cultural diversity and to promote social harmony in books for Australian children". There were three categories of awards:
1580:
893:
Blainey remained a persistent critic of multiculturalism into the 1990s, denouncing multiculturalism as "morally, intellectually and economically ... a sham."
452:
along the northern coast of Australia during the 17th and mid-18th centuries, although this did not lead to permanent settlement. Beginning with the arrival of the
701:
was established to review and update the national agenda. Its report, launched in June 1995, found that much had been achieved and recommended further initiatives.
660:
1699:
744:
December 1999 – in response to the NMAC report, the Government issued its multicultural policy, "A New Agenda for Multicultural Australia", and NMAC was wound up.
494:
People whose parents were both born in Australia percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census
2688:
859:
778:
September 2013 – under new Administrative Arrangements Order, the Prime Minister transferred multicultural affairs from the Immigration portfolio into the new
2607:
1509:
598:
pursued multiculturalism as a social policy while chair of the Social Patterns Committee of the Immigration Advisory Council to the Whitlam Labor government.
2346:
1866:
1633:
1619:
967:
434:
suggests up to 363), which included around 800 dialects. An estimated 120 of these were still spoken as of 2016, and several more are being revived through
3599:
364:'s diverse migrant communities have brought with them food, lifestyle and cultural practices, which have been absorbed into mainstream Australian culture.
709:
1928:
762:
April 2010 – AMAC presented its advice and recommendations on cultural diversity policy to government in a statement titled "The People of Australia".
1248:
1091:
2089:
3480:
321:
3485:
2683:
1440:
3750:
1069:
3006:
2889:
2633:
1401:"Aboriginal-Makassan interactions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in northern Australia and contemporary sea rights claims"
1400:
3253:
1867:"Enhancing family and relationship service accessibility and delivery to culturally and linguistically diverse families in Australia"
779:
644:(AIMA), whose objectives included raising awareness of cultural diversity and promoting social cohesion, understanding and tolerance.
349:, equality before the law of all persons, as well as various cultural policies which promote diversity, such as the formation of the
282:
1013:
A number of projects by government and non-government entities have been established to facilitate multiculturalism in Australia.
823:, sociologist Tanya Birrell and the political scientist Raymond Sestito. Chipman and Knopfelmacher were concerned with threats to
456:
in 1788, waves of European settlers began to emigrate to the Australian continent. By 1901, the Australian continent consisted of
1052:
687:(ACMA), the Hawke government produced the National Agenda for a Multicultural Australia, which had bipartisan political support.
356:
According to the 2011 census, 26% of the population were born overseas and a further 20% had at least one parent born overseas.
3968:
3527:
3337:
3145:
3059:
1961:
1874:
1727:"How useful is the term 'Culturally and Linguistically Diverse' (CALD) in Australian research, practice, and policy discourse?"
1514:
1172:
1017:
795:
1677:
3423:
3263:
2845:
2803:
2272:
2251:
2102:
1476:
1332:
1167:
845:
was a supporter of the White Australia Policy, and made it an issue in his campaign for the 1925 Australian Federal election.
601:
The following is a timeline of government policies on and various bodies created to support multiculturalism over the years:
582:
1352:
970:". However, Australia maintained a policy of multiculturalism, and government introduced expanded dual-citizenship rights.
3983:
3539:
3079:
3074:
3069:
1651:
457:
407:
2481:
966:" and a "fair go". The name of the Department of Immigration, Multiculturalism and Indigenous Affairs was changed to the "
941:'s Liberal-National Coalition was elected to government. Howard had long been a critic of multiculturalism, releasing his
3978:
3926:
3870:
3765:
3271:
3105:
3019:
2950:
1142:
749:
741:
1999 – the Prime Minister launched NMAC's report, "Australian Multiculturalism for a New Century: Towards Inclusiveness".
160:
2157:
3933:
3064:
3044:
1703:
565:, in that they are born elsewhere and speak another language at home, are sometimes referred to in policy discourse as
314:
3475:
3376:
3276:
3196:
3130:
2862:
2831:
2817:
2789:
2775:
2761:
2376:
2371:"Hage, G. (1997) White Nation: Fantasies of White supremacy in a multicultural society, Annandale, NSW: Pluto Press (
2225:
2171:
2062:
2041:
1563:
1078:
542:
535:. It is now often used to refer to the notion that people in Australia have multiple cultural or ethnic backgrounds.
3203:
3140:
3125:
2611:
802:
769:
474:
2350:
1637:
1615:
3644:
3443:
3433:
3369:
3110:
3084:
2711:
1956:
1048:
1021:
785:
March 2017 – a new multicultural statement, "Multicultural Australia – united, strong, successful", was launched.
775:
March 2013 – the government announced its response to the recommendations of the Access and Equity Inquiry Panel.
445:
427:
2019:
Tanya Birrell (1978), 'Migration and the Dilemmas of Multiculturalism,' in Robert Birrell and Colin Hay (eds.),
1215:
901:
political leaders that suggested the term was a nonsense concept. These included the policies of Prime Minister
867:
War by now might have ended disastrously and we might have had another shambles like that experienced in Malaya.
3730:
3629:
3349:
3327:
3233:
3039:
2999:
2882:
618:
346:
183:
3973:
3880:
3797:
3673:
3522:
3515:
3386:
3332:
3135:
3115:
2943:
2936:
2912:
1147:
814:
307:
271:
27:
2023:, Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, pages 132–146
3865:
3659:
3396:
3359:
3238:
3228:
3100:
2507:
1751:
1177:
350:
140:
1778:
1240:
3634:
3592:
3587:
3534:
3281:
3248:
3176:
1082:
819:
The earliest academic critics of multiculturalism in Australia were the philosophers Lachlan Chipman and
3700:
3604:
3458:
3413:
3317:
2931:
2163:
2108:
1324:
1162:
1095:
3820:
3777:
3725:
3624:
3470:
3438:
3354:
3344:
3312:
2992:
2875:
728:, that all funds for multiculturalism were to be withdrawn, which was done in the August 1996 Budget.
633:, recommended a public policy of multiculturalism in its report Australia as a multicultural society.
261:
240:
117:
3735:
3720:
3567:
3403:
3364:
3191:
396:
380:
342:
84:
2195:
3885:
3760:
3740:
3715:
3695:
3448:
3418:
3243:
3120:
3049:
2658:
1065:
959:
479:
461:
384:
368:
218:
203:
3792:
3770:
3745:
3710:
3690:
3654:
3492:
3463:
3453:
3428:
3391:
3322:
3159:
3054:
951:
926:
897:
835:
717:
515:
449:
423:
415:
376:
357:
277:
266:
230:
73:
522:
continued with these policies during the 1980s and early 1990s, and were further supported by
3855:
3787:
3685:
3639:
3502:
3408:
3295:
3181:
2971:
1318:
562:
531:
However, it came to mean the rights of migrants within mainstream Australia to express their
511:
419:
411:
223:
127:
101:
96:
1897:"5.4 – Working with clients from a CALD or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander background"
1423:
1034:, to promote a singular and unifying notion of Australian-ness within multicultural policy.
3919:
3890:
3812:
3649:
3619:
3555:
3510:
3223:
3218:
3186:
3171:
3027:
2552:
1152:
974:
942:
713:
155:
68:
37:
765:
February 2011 – "The People of Australia – Australia's Multicultural Policy" was launched.
8:
3840:
3782:
3614:
3577:
3307:
2006:
Frank Knopfelmacher (1982), 'The case against multi-culturalism,' in Robert Manne (ed.),
820:
213:
188:
132:
2578:
908:
According to Hirst, multiculturalism denies the existence of a host Australian culture:
772:(AMC), replacing the Council for Multicultural Australia (CMA), was officially launched.
3942:
3900:
3875:
3860:
3850:
3845:
3835:
3802:
3705:
3609:
3213:
3208:
2850:
2444:
2409:
2347:"Pauline Hanson's One Nation - Immigration, Population and Social Cohesion Policy 1998"
2302:
1314:
824:
610:
503:
235:
208:
198:
178:
150:
145:
1794:
1465:
Graeme Hugo; Paul Callister; Juthika Badkar (2008). Graeme Hugo; Soogil Young (eds.).
1270:
3830:
3572:
2867:
2858:
2841:
2827:
2813:
2799:
2785:
2771:
2757:
2716:
2448:
2413:
2372:
2306:
2268:
2247:
2221:
2167:
2098:
2058:
2037:
1878:
1816:
1808:
1726:
1559:
1472:
1415:
1328:
1099:
1031:
986:
922:
877:
705:
630:
532:
256:
193:
78:
1241:"Main Features - 2011 Census Counts — Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples"
3947:
3381:
2898:
2749:
2436:
2401:
2294:
1798:
1790:
1414:(1). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies: 3(15).
1292:
1120:
872:
652:
558:
435:
338:
297:
2427:
Foster, L & Stockley, D (1980). "Multiculturalism in the Australian Context".
1981:
1841:
1539:
1374:
2902:
2742:
Allan, Lyle (1983), 'A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Multiculturalism', in
1466:
1198:
994:
931:
725:
595:
441:
2074:
Lyle Allan (1983), 'A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Multiculturalism', in
1601:
Lyle Allan (1983), 'A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Multiculturalism', in
292:
3825:
2966:
2485:
2440:
2298:
1134:
947:
721:
664:
507:
122:
2525:
2128:
613:, issued a reference paper entitled "A multi-cultural society for the future".
506:
in 1973, further official national multicultural policies were implemented by
3962:
2405:
1882:
1812:
1779:"Working With a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Group of Nurses"
1419:
1348:
1001:
that implicated both anti-multiculturalists and pro-multiculturalists alike.
990:
842:
431:
2332:
Ernest Healy (1993), 'Ethnic ALP Branches - The Balkanisation of Labor,' in
2319:
Ernest Healy (1993), 'Ethnic ALP Branches - The Balkanisation of Labor,' in
913:
sociological analysis it is nonsense. To found policy on it may be perilous.
51:
2392:
Ramakrishna, D (2013). "Multiculturalism in America, Australia and India".
1820:
1056:
978:
731:
1996 – Parliament endorsed the Parliamentary Statement on Racial Tolerance.
691:
523:
372:
2508:"From multiculturalism for all Australians to Australian multiculturalism"
683:
1989 – following community consultations and drawing on the advice of the
3895:
3755:
2782:
The Conspiracies of Multiculturalism. The Betrayal That Divided Australia
1027:
958:
national identity", albeit one strongly grounded in certain recognisably
938:
855:
831:
673:
573:), particularly in Australia, where it was introduced in 1996 to replace
453:
981:
published a critique in 1997 of Australian multiculturalism in the book
921:
Critics associated with the Centre for Population and Urban Research at
2838:
Don't go back to where you came from : why multiculturalism works,
1464:
1199:"Changing Cultural Channels: SBS-TV, Imparja and Australian Television"
1024:, held over a week in February. It was officially established in 1996.
606:
1803:
1752:"What is CALD? - Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (2020 Edition)"
884:
In one of his numerous criticisms of multiculturalism, Blainey wrote:
712:
at the end of June 1996, but with no resources. The last head of OMA,
3015:
2984:
2285:
Hughes, Linda (1997). "Multiculturalism: How Far Can Australia Go?".
2088:"Table 12: Religious Affiliation – Australia: 2001 and 2006 Census".
998:
902:
519:
361:
379:. The policy was dismantled after the war by various changes to the
2137:. No. 21, 999. Victoria, Australia. 6 October 1925. p. 11
2097:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. 2008. pp. 46–49.
973:
Following the upsurge of support for the One Nation Party in 1996,
963:
1980:
Text has been copied from this source, which is available under a
1636:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2004. Archived from
1538:
Text has been copied from this source, which is available under a
1128:
2530:
2133:
2826:, Centre for Independent Studies, St Leonards, New South Wales.
2810:
The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics 1945–1975
1556:
The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics 1945–1975
1471:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. p. 148.
2057:, The Centre for Independent Studies, Sydney, New South Wales (
2036:, The Centre for Independent Studies, Sydney, New South Wales (
2595:
monitoring the multicultural principles set out in the Act...
1993:
Lachlan Chipman (1980), 'The Menace of Multiculturalism,' in
1976:
1534:
2462:
Kerkyasharian, Stepan (2008). "Defending multiculturalism".
2021:
The Immigration Issue in Australia, A Sociological Symposium
694:
became Prime Minister, and the OMA was gradually wound down.
2746:(University of Queensland), Vol.3, No.3, July, pages 65–72.
2010:, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Victoria, pages 40–66
794:
As of September 2022, Multicultural Affairs is part of the
1929:"Timeline Commentary: An office for multicultural affairs"
1158:
List of non-English-language newspapers in New South Wales
2091:
The People of Australia - Statistics from the 2006 Census
2198:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House
925:
argued in 1993 that both right and left factions in the
2812:, Melbourne University Press, Carlton South, Victoria.
2689:
Department of the Premier and Cabinet (South Australia)
2526:"Australian Multicultural Children's Literature Awards"
2123:
2121:
1605:(University of Queensland), Vol.3, No.3, July, page 65.
1558:, Melbourne University Press, Carlton South, Victoria (
860:
United Nations Conference on International Organization
2897:
2855:
Understanding Multiculturalism and Australian Identity
2482:"National Multicultural Festival, 5 - 7 February 2010"
2078:(University of Queensland), Vol.3, No.3, July, page 68
1634:"3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2004"
585:
people, to whom a different set of attributes belong.
2610:. NSW Premier's Literary Awards. 2012. Archived from
2155:
1045:
Australian Multicultural Children's Literature Awards
2426:
2118:
1871:
Australian Family Relationships Clearinghouse Issues
1618:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 January 2005.
1110:
557:
Members of a multicultural community who are not of
2420:
1216:"Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census"
1094:are Australian journalism awards held each year by
1008:
710:
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
2712:"NSW Premier's Multicultural Communication Awards"
2159:The Great Barrier Reef: History, Science, Heritage
1550:
1548:
1320:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
444:trepangers (along with shipwrecked Dutch sailors)
1201:. Communication Institute for Online Scholarship.
3960:
1293:"About Australia: People, culture and lifestyle"
1085:since 2007. There are nine categories of awards.
485:
2784:, Sunda Publications, Gordon, New South Wales.
2756:, Methuen Haynes, North Ryde, New South Wales.
1700:"National Agenda for a Multicultural Australia"
1579:. NPS Medicines Talk. June 2010. Archived from
1545:
1398:
2387:
2385:
1353:"How many languages were spoken in Australia?"
708:in March 1996, OMA was absorbed into the then
360:make up approximately 2.5% of the population.
3000:
2883:
2461:
2455:
1776:
1092:Premier's Multicultural Communications Awards
642:Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs
315:
1724:
661:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
640:1979 – an Act of Parliament established the
2391:
2382:
2081:
1842:"What is CALD? Meaning of CALD Communities"
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
670:Australian Council of Multicultural Affairs
3007:
2993:
2890:
2876:
2798:, Black Inc. Agenda, Melbourne, Victoria.
2770:, Cat and Fiddle Press, Hobart, Tasmania.
2238:
2236:
2234:
2145:– via National Library of Australia.
685:Advisory Council for Multicultural Affairs
322:
308:
2857:, Elikia Books, Carlton South, Victoria.
1802:
1725:Sawrikar, Pooja; Katz, Ilan (July 2009).
1285:
1210:
1208:
1070:New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards
985:. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from
968:Department of Immigration and Citizenship
808:
757:Australian Multicultural Advisory Council
467:
2796:Sense and Nonsense in Australian History
2600:
2349:. Australianpolitics.com. Archived from
2265:Sense and Nonsense in Australian History
2244:Sense and Nonsense in Australian History
1982:Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU)
1678:"Net migration rate: Countries Compared"
1540:Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU)
1519:. Australian Government. 17 March 2020.
1485:
1263:
1051:from 1991 to 1995, and endorsed by the
489:
426:peoples. Among them they spoke at least
2257:
2231:
2156:Bowen, James; Bowen, Margarita (2002).
1777:Jeon, Yun-Hee; Chenoweth, Lynn (2007).
1692:
1569:
1037:
1020:, developed a tradition of holding the
736:National Multicultural Advisory Council
699:National Multicultural Advisory Council
631:Fraser Liberal-Country Party Government
3961:
3014:
2608:"Community Relations Commission Award"
2284:
2193:
1962:Department of Home Affairs (Australia)
1926:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1875:Australian Institute of Family Studies
1622:from the original on 24 December 2014.
1577:"Information for non-English speakers"
1515:Department of Home Affairs (Australia)
1347:
1205:
1196:
1173:Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom
734:1997 – the Government announced a new
2988:
2871:
2149:
1313:
1251:from the original on 20 December 2016
1168:Multiculturalism in the United States
704:1996 – following the election of the
616:1975 – At a ceremony proclaiming the
583:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
567:culturally and linguistically diverse
428:250 mutually unintelligible languages
1626:
1616:"1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 2005"
1235:
1233:
1053:Children's Book Council of Australia
997:, Hage examined a range of everyday
2220:, North Ryde, NSW: Methuen Haynes (
1997:, Vol. 24, No. 10, October, pp. 3–6
1915:
1608:
1247:. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
1143:Council for Multicultural Australia
750:Council for Multicultural Australia
502:Following the initial moves of the
422:was inhabited by various groups of
13:
2736:
1957:"Australian Multicultural Council"
1178:Special Broadcasting Service (SBS)
609:, Minister for Immigration in the
50:
14:
3995:
2684:"Governor's Multicultural Awards"
2194:Rhodes, Campbell (25 June 2015).
2008:The New Conservatism in Australia
1523:from the original on 12 July 2022
1399:Russell, Denise (22 March 2004).
1230:
789:
627:Australian Ethnic Affairs Council
418:for around 60,000 years, and the
401:
2824:The Politics of Multiculturalism
2267:, Black Inc. Agenda, Melbourne (
2246:, Black Inc. Agenda, Melbourne (
2196:"Dr Evatt Goes to San Francisco"
2055:The Politics of Multiculturalism
2034:The Politics of Multiculturalism
1975:
1533:
1127:
1113:
1072:since 1980, under various names.
1030:was established in 1999 by the
1009:Celebrations of multiculturalism
803:Australian Multicultural Council
770:Australian Multicultural Council
475:Immigration Restriction Act 1901
291:
2840:Sydney, N.S.W.: NewSouth Pub.,
2704:
2676:
2651:
2626:
2571:
2545:
2518:
2500:
2474:
2365:
2339:
2326:
2313:
2278:
2210:
2187:
2068:
2047:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1987:
1949:
1889:
1859:
1834:
1770:
1744:
1718:
1670:
1644:
1595:
1458:
1433:
1059:, junior book, and senior book.
1049:Office of Multicultural Affairs
1022:National Multicultural Festival
759:(AMAC) was officially launched.
657:Office of Multicultural Affairs
575:non-English speaking background
341:composition of its people, its
2287:Journal of Christian Education
1936:Making multicultural Australia
1445:Parliamentary Education Office
1392:
1367:
1341:
1307:
1271:"About Australia: Our Country"
1190:
1079:Governor's Multicultural Award
655:, which, in 1987, created the
619:Racial Discrimination Act 1975
552:
414:had been inhabited by various
1:
3969:Multiculturalism in Australia
1795:10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60543-0
1702:. immi.gov.au. Archived from
1441:"The Federation of Australia"
1408:Australian Aboriginal Studies
1183:
1148:Criticism of multiculturalism
1081:is an award presented by the
815:Criticism of multiculturalism
780:Department of Social Services
486:Emergence of multiculturalism
347:prohibition on discrimination
335:Multiculturalism in Australia
16:Feature of Australian society
2766:Bostock, William W. (1977),
351:Special Broadcasting Service
7:
3984:Multiculturalism in Oceania
2836:Soutphommasane, Tim (2012)
2634:"2019 Winner and shortlist"
1106:
1083:Governor of South Australia
588:
375:, Australia adhered to the
10:
4000:
3979:Public policy in Australia
2659:"Past Winners (2012-2013)"
2441:10.1177/144078338001600219
2299:10.1177/002196579704000305
2216:Blainey, Geoffrey (1984).
2164:Cambridge University Press
1325:Cambridge University Press
1163:Multiculturalism in Canada
1096:New South Wales Parliament
812:
796:Department of Home Affairs
629:, appointed to advise the
460:, which in 1901 agreed to
394:
390:
337:is today reflected by the
3913:
3811:
3681:
3672:
3563:
3554:
3501:
3377:Intelligence and security
3303:
3294:
3262:
3167:
3158:
3093:
3035:
3026:
2959:
2919:
2910:
2822:Sestito, Raymond (1982),
2768:Alternatives of Ethnicity
2579:"About Multicultural NSW"
2553:"Multicultural NSW Award"
2129:"ISSUES OF THE ELECTIONS"
1873:. Australian Government.
1652:"Main Features - Summary"
724:, told the new minister,
2406:10.1177/0049085713475729
2323:Vol.1, No.4, Pages 37–43
2053:Raymond Sestito (1982),
2032:Raymond Sestito (1982),
1680:. Nationmaster.com. 2009
975:Lebanese-born Australian
514:government in 1978. The
397:Immigration to Australia
26:This article is part of
1517:. Multicultural affairs
1066:NSW Multicultural Award
960:Anglo-Celtic Australian
889:own homelands for help.
462:federate into one state
3771:Indigenous Australians
3272:States and territories
2851:Theophanous, Andrew C.
1197:Molloy, Bruce (1993).
927:Australian Labor Party
915:
891:
869:
852:
836:White Australia policy
809:Opinions and criticism
561:background and/or not
512:conservative Coalition
495:
468:White Australia policy
450:Indigenous Australians
424:Torres Strait Islander
377:White Australia policy
358:Aboriginal Australians
55:
3065:Territorial evolution
2972:Multiracial democracy
2794:Hirst, John (2005),
2780:Clancy, Greg (2006),
2336:Vol.1, No.4, Pages 37
1068:has been part of the
910:
886:
864:
847:
813:Further information:
493:
420:Torres Strait Islands
408:European colonisation
385:Australian government
97:Monarchy of Australia
54:
3974:Society of Australia
3511:Cabinet of Australia
3486:Government ministers
3254:World Heritage Sites
3060:European exploration
2808:Lopez, Mark (2000),
2663:State Library of NSW
2638:State Library of NSW
2557:State Library of NSW
2429:Journal of Sociology
1927:Jakubowicz, Andrew.
1640:on 24 December 2014.
1351:(23 December 2011).
1153:Cultural sensitivity
1047:were awarded by the
1038:Multicultural awards
943:One Australia policy
858:said in 1945 at the
755:December 2008 – the
651:was repealed by the
458:six British colonies
412:Australian continent
343:immigration policies
283:World Heritage Sites
3583:Gross state product
2744:Social Alternatives
2720:. 29 September 2022
2559:. 28 September 2022
2114:on 9 December 2008.
2076:Social Alternatives
1965:. 29 September 2022
1846:Sylaba Translations
1603:Social Alternatives
821:Frank Knopfelmacher
672:, with Justice Sir
110:Arts and literature
3901:Australian studies
3836:Australian English
3645:Telecommunications
3481:Government leaders
3424:Political ideology
2488:on 27 October 2009
1901:Victoria Legal Aid
1758:. 19 February 2019
1554:Mark Lopez (2000),
1375:"Living languages"
1273:. australia.gov.au
768:August 2011 – the
716:said that the new
611:Whitlam government
504:Whitlam government
496:
416:Aboriginal peoples
381:immigration policy
56:
3956:
3955:
3909:
3908:
3731:Human trafficking
3668:
3667:
3550:
3549:
3350:Foreign relations
3290:
3289:
3154:
3153:
3101:Asian Australians
2982:
2981:
2846:978-1-74223-336-9
2804:978-0-9775949-3-1
2754:All For Australia
2750:Blainey, Geoffrey
2717:Multicultural NSW
2583:Multicultural NSW
2273:978-0-9775949-3-1
2252:978-0-9775949-3-1
2218:All For Australia
2104:978-1-921446-74-0
1478:978-981-230-895-5
1334:978-0-521-47378-1
1100:Multicultural NSW
1032:Howard government
987:Whiteness studies
962:themes, such as "
923:Monash University
878:All for Australia
706:Howard government
533:cultural identity
332:
331:
41:
3991:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3798:Waste management
3679:
3678:
3600:Household income
3561:
3560:
3523:Governor-General
3333:Electoral system
3301:
3300:
3165:
3164:
3033:
3032:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2960:Related concepts
2899:Multiculturalism
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2692:. 15 August 2022
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2484:. Archived from
2478:
2472:
2471:
2464:Around the Globe
2459:
2453:
2452:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2389:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2334:People and Place
2330:
2324:
2321:People and Place
2317:
2311:
2310:
2282:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2229:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2107:. Archived from
2096:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2051:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1806:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1506:
1483:
1482:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:on 6 March 2019.
1428:
1422:. Archived from
1405:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1121:Australia portal
1118:
1117:
1116:
873:Geoffrey Blainey
653:Hawke government
559:Anglo-Australian
436:language revival
373:Second World War
371:until after the
324:
317:
310:
298:Australia portal
295:
272:National colours
90:Multiculturalism
44:
39:
31:
21:
20:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3905:
3866:Public holidays
3807:
3751:Life expectancy
3664:
3546:
3497:
3286:
3258:
3244:Protected areas
3150:
3089:
3022:
3013:
2983:
2978:
2955:
2915:
2906:
2903:cultural mosaic
2896:
2739:
2737:Further reading
2734:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2614:on 8 March 2012
2606:
2605:
2601:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2460:
2456:
2425:
2421:
2390:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2353:on 29 June 2011
2345:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2327:
2318:
2314:
2283:
2279:
2262:
2258:
2241:
2232:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2166:. p. 301.
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2052:
2048:
2031:
2027:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1903:. 18 April 2017
1895:
1894:
1890:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1583:on 27 July 2011
1575:
1574:
1570:
1553:
1546:
1526:
1524:
1508:
1507:
1486:
1479:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1323:. Vol. 1.
1315:Dixon, R. M. W.
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1040:
1011:
995:Pierre Bourdieu
977:anthropologist
932:branch stacking
841:Prime Minister
830:Prime Minister
825:social cohesion
817:
811:
792:
726:Phillip Ruddock
690:1991 onwards –
596:Jerzy Zubrzycki
591:
555:
488:
470:
404:
399:
393:
328:
296:
276:
141:Performing arts
139:
81:
42:
38:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3660:Welfare system
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:Superannuation
3632:
3630:Stock exchange
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3593:Public housing
3588:Home ownership
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3535:Prime Minister
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3493:Shadow Cabinet
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3471:Public Service
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3345:Federal budget
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Climate change
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Constitutional
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2967:Multiracialism
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2848:
2834:
2820:
2806:
2792:
2778:
2764:
2747:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2703:
2675:
2650:
2625:
2599:
2570:
2544:
2517:
2499:
2473:
2454:
2435:(2): 109–114.
2419:
2381:
2364:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2277:
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2012:
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1706:on 24 May 2013
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3459:Republicanism
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3437:
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3414:National debt
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2835:
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2832:0-949769-06-1
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2818:0-522-84895-8
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2790:0-9581564-1-7
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2762:0-454-00828-7
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2423:
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2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:(1): 99–110.
2399:
2395:
2394:Social Change
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:1-86403-056-9
2374:
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2226:0-454-00828-7
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2173:0-521-82430-3
2169:
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2110:
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2100:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2063:0-949769-06-1
2060:
2056:
2050:
2043:
2042:0-949769-06-1
2039:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1877:. June 2008.
1876:
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1564:0-522-84895-8
1561:
1557:
1551:
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1541:
1536:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1510:"Our history"
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
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1489:
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1413:
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1395:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1355:. Anggarrgoon
1354:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1327:. p. 2.
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1295:. Dfat.gov.au
1294:
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1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:The capital,
1014:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Jacques Lacan
988:
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969:
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868:
863:
861:
857:
854:Labor leader
851:
846:
844:
843:Stanley Bruce
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833:
828:
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822:
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659:(OMA) in the
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563:"assimilated"
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451:
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443:
439:
438:programmes.
437:
433:
432:Claire Bowern
429:
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388:
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339:multicultural
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161:Pro wrestling
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53:
49:
48:
45:
36:
35:
32:
29:
23:
22:
19:
3934:Bibliography
3821:Architecture
3778:Prostitution
3761:Demographics
3726:Homelessness
3625:Reserve Bank
3439:Conservatism
3387:Constitution
3355:Human rights
3313:Constitution
3264:Subdivisions
3045:Bibliography
2937:
2926:
2854:
2837:
2823:
2809:
2795:
2781:
2767:
2753:
2743:
2724:29 September
2722:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2696:29 September
2694:. Retrieved
2687:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2602:
2593:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:
2573:
2563:29 September
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2537:29 September
2535:. Retrieved
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2476:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2397:
2393:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:the original
2341:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2293:(3): 17–25.
2290:
2286:
2280:
2264:
2263:John Hirst,
2259:
2243:
2242:John Hirst,
2217:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2158:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2132:
2109:the original
2090:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2054:
2049:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1969:29 September
1967:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1941:29 September
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1870:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1789:(1): 16–22.
1786:
1782:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1755:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1731:ResearchGate
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1655:
1646:
1638:the original
1628:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1571:
1555:
1527:29 September
1525:. Retrieved
1513:
1467:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:
1435:
1424:the original
1411:
1407:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1343:
1319:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1244:
1220:. Retrieved
1192:
1057:picture book
1044:
1026:
1015:
1012:
1003:
983:White Nation
982:
979:Ghassan Hage
972:
956:
936:
920:
916:
911:
907:
895:
892:
887:
883:
876:
870:
865:
853:
848:
840:
829:
818:
800:
793:
756:
735:
698:
692:Paul Keating
684:
669:
656:
648:
641:
626:
617:
600:
592:
578:
574:
570:
566:
556:
547:
540:
537:
529:
524:Paul Keating
501:
497:
480:Anglo-Celtic
473:
471:
446:made contact
440:
405:
366:
355:
334:
333:
262:Coat of arms
241:Video gaming
118:Architecture
89:
24:
18:
3896:Anglosphere
3736:Immigration
3701:Citizenship
3568:Agriculture
3454:Nationalism
3397:Enforcement
3370:Transgender
3204:Earthquakes
3192:Environment
3126:Immigration
3055:Archaeology
2951:Netherlands
2470:(3): 26–27.
1851:21 February
1255:16 December
1102:since 2012.
1028:Harmony Day
939:John Howard
856:H. V. Evatt
832:John Curtin
674:James Gobbo
647:1986 – the
625:1977 – the
553:Terminology
454:First Fleet
85:Immigration
40:Culture of
3963:Categories
3886:Television
3856:Literature
3741:Irreligion
3721:Healthcare
3716:Euthanasia
3696:Censorship
3503:Government
3449:Liberalism
3419:Parliament
3131:Indigenous
3121:Federation
3111:Diplomatic
3085:Since 1945
3050:Prehistory
2920:By country
2618:24 January
2357:1 February
2179:24 January
2141:9 December
1804:10453/5895
1710:26 January
1587:3 November
1450:3 November
1384:2 November
1359:3 November
1299:25 October
1277:25 October
1222:13 January
1184:References
999:discourses
952:One Nation
898:John Hirst
896:Historian
871:Historian
834:supported
607:Al Grassby
430:(linguist
369:Federation
204:Newspapers
128:Literature
3793:Squatting
3746:Languages
3711:Education
3691:Aged care
3655:Transport
3464:Socialism
3444:Far-right
3434:Christian
3429:Anarchism
3392:Judiciary
3328:Donations
3323:Elections
3234:Mountains
3182:Continent
3160:Geography
3080:1901–1945
3075:1851–1900
3070:1788–1850
3016:Australia
2927:Australia
2913:Criticism
2449:144404160
2414:147683504
2307:157246567
2275:), page23
2254:), page22
2202:10 August
1907:30 August
1883:1835-1158
1826:30 August
1813:1322-7696
1783:Collegian
1762:30 August
1756:EthnoLink
1736:30 August
1684:10 August
1420:0729-4352
937:In 1996,
903:Bob Hawke
718:treasurer
714:Bill Cope
697:1994 – a
676:as chair.
637:migrants.
520:Bob Hawke
406:Prior to
362:Australia
278:Monuments
231:Mythology
184:Festivals
43:Australia
3943:Category
3788:Religion
3686:Abortion
3640:Taxation
3409:Monarchy
3404:Military
3360:Intersex
3296:Politics
3277:Capitals
3141:Monarchy
3136:Military
3116:Economic
3094:By topic
3040:Timeline
3020:articles
2853:(1995),
2752:(1984),
2668:30 April
2643:30 April
1995:Quadrant
1984:licence.
1821:17294682
1662:30 March
1620:Archived
1542:licence.
1521:Archived
1317:(2002).
1249:Archived
1107:See also
1018:Canberra
964:mateship
649:AIMA Act
589:Timeline
442:Makassan
224:Internet
189:Folklore
102:Religion
74:Language
28:a series
3920:Outline
3891:Theatre
3881:Symbols
3846:Cuisine
3813:Culture
3674:Society
3650:Tourism
3620:Poverty
3556:Economy
3338:Parties
3239:Regions
3229:Islands
3224:Geology
3219:Forests
3187:Deserts
3172:Climate
3146:Railway
3028:History
2531:AustLit
2492:19 June
2134:The Age
1379:AIATSIS
738:(NMAC).
605:1973 –
391:History
383:of the
249:Symbols
179:Cuisine
156:Theatre
69:History
61:Society
3948:Portal
3841:Cinema
3783:Racism
3756:People
3615:Mining
3578:Energy
3573:Dollar
3318:Courts
3308:Asylum
3282:Cities
3249:Rivers
3197:issues
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2932:Canada
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410:, the
345:, its
267:Anthem
236:Sports
214:Cinema
194:Humour
133:Comics
79:People
30:on the
3927:Index
3876:Sport
3871:Radio
3861:Music
3851:Dance
3803:Women
3706:Crime
3610:Media
3476:Women
3214:Fauna
3209:Flora
2944:media
2588:1 May
2445:S2CID
2410:S2CID
2303:S2CID
2112:(PDF)
2095:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1404:(PDF)
1218:. ABS
516:Labor
448:with
367:From
209:Radio
199:Media
171:Other
151:Music
146:Dance
3831:Arts
3540:list
3528:list
3516:list
3365:LGBT
2859:ISBN
2842:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2786:ISBN
2772:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2726:2022
2698:2022
2670:2019
2645:2019
2620:2012
2590:2019
2565:2022
2539:2022
2494:2009
2373:ISBN
2359:2012
2269:ISBN
2248:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2204:2018
2181:2008
2168:ISBN
2143:2016
2099:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2038:ISBN
1971:2022
1943:2022
1909:2020
1879:ISSN
1853:2023
1828:2020
1817:PMID
1809:ISSN
1764:2020
1738:2020
1712:2014
1686:2018
1664:2019
1589:2010
1560:ISBN
1529:2022
1473:ISBN
1452:2021
1416:ISSN
1412:2004
1386:2021
1361:2021
1329:ISBN
1301:2013
1279:2013
1257:2016
1224:2014
1098:and
1090:The
1077:The
1064:The
1043:The
993:and
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579:NESB
571:CALD
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