27:
202:
19:
2178:, Addison and Worswick found in a 2002 study that "there is no evidence that immigration has negatively impacted on the wages of young or low-skilled natives." Furthermore, Addison's study found that immigration did not increase unemployment among native workers. Rather, immigration decreased unemployment. However, in 2005 the Productivity Commission concluded that higher immigration levels would result in lower wage growth for existing Australian residents. On the impact of immigration on unemployment levels, the Commission said: "The conclusion that immigration has not caused unemployment at an aggregate level does not imply that it cannot lead to higher unemployment for specific groups. Immigration could worsen the labour market outcomes of people who work in sectors of the economy that have high concentrations of immigrant workers."
266:
388:
1981:
880:
1521:
730:
1052:
760:
780:
1102:
280:
1172:
1002:
937:
830:
680:
660:
645:
630:
3378:
1555:
860:
1725:
1037:
845:
987:
306:, which was a strengthening and unification of disparate colonial policies designed to restrict non-White settlement. Because of opposition from the British government, an explicit racial policy was avoided in the legislation, with the control mechanism being a dictation test in a European language selected by the immigration officer. This was selected to be one the immigrant did not know; the last time an immigrant passed a test was in 1909. Perhaps the most celebrated case was
1589:
1017:
1538:
952:
710:
1691:
2160:, has argued: "It is true that a net migration intake averaging around 180,000 per year will mean that the proportion of persons aged 65 plus to the total population will be a few percentage points lower in 2050 than it would be with a low migration intake. But this ‘gain’ would be bought at the expense of having to accommodate a much larger population. These people too, will age, thus requiring an even larger migration intake in subsequent years to look after them."
2153:, has said that the Government's focus on skilled migration has in fact reduced the average age of migrants. "More than half are aged 15 to 34, compared with 28 per cent of our population. Only 2 per cent of permanent immigrants are 65 or older, compared with 13 per cent of our population." Because of these statistics, Gittens claims that immigration is slowing the ageing of the Australian population and that the "net benefit to the economy is a lot more clear-cut."
2134:, Peter McDonald claims that "it is demographic nonsense to believe that immigration can help to keep our population young." However, according to Creedy and Alvarado (p. 99), by 2031 there will be a 1.1 per cent fall in the proportion of the population aged over 65 if net migration rate is 80,000 per year. If net migration rate is 170,000 per year, the proportion of the population aged over 65 would reduce by 3.1 per cent. As of 2007 during the leadership of
1640:
1117:
1742:
902:
3382:
1657:
1623:
1067:
1572:
1087:
917:
2288:
1762:
887:
1708:
1674:
745:
1487:
1190:- Australian working visas are most commonly granted to highly skilled workers. Candidates are assessed against a points-based system, with points allocated for certain standards of education. These visas are often sponsored by individual States, which recruit workers according to specific needs. Visas may also be granted to applicants sponsored by an Australian business. The most popular form of sponsored working visa was the
795:
1606:
967:
695:
2145:, immigration can reduce the average age of the Australian population: "The level of net overseas migration is important: net inflows of migrants to Australia reduce the rate of population ageing because migrants are younger on average than the resident population. Currently, around 85 per cent of migrants are aged under 40 when they migrate to Australia, compared to around 55 per cent for the resident population."
1504:
810:
2171:, and released an initial position paper on 17 January 2006 which states that the increase of income per capita provided by higher migration (50 percent more than the base model) by the 2024–2025 financial year would be $ 335 (0.6%), an amount described as "very small." The paper also found that Australians would on average work 1.3 percent longer hours, about twice the proportional increase in income.
318:, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds. The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military, and civil servants. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831. However, young women were receiving assisted passages from state governments to migrate to Australia in the early years of Federation.
1405:. The Australian Red Cross administers the scheme under contract to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. It provides financial assistance to asylum seekers in the community who satisfy specific eligibility criteria, and also facilitates access to casework assistance and to other support services for asylum seekers through the Australian Red Cross.
235:, which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the
2079:, the Australian government reduced its immigration target by 14%, and the permanent migration program for skilled migrants was reduced to 115,000 people for that financial year. In 2010–2011, the migration intake was adjusted so that 67.5% of the permanent migration program would be for skilled migrants, and 113,725 visas were granted.
415:. The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the
2219:). There was, overall, an upward trend in the number of immigrants to Australia over the period of the Howard Government (1996–2007). The Rudd Labor Government (elected 2007) increased the quota again once in office. In 2010, both major parties continue to support high immigration, with former Prime Minister
2198:
The impact that immigration has on social cohesion in
Australia is not clear. According to a 2018 report by the Scanlon Report, between 80 and 82% of Australians felt that immigration had a positive impact on Australian society. Australians under the age of 30 were twice as likely to feel positively
2056:
in its submission to the same
Productivity Commission report stated that "rapid growth in overseas visitors such as students may have boosted demand for rental housing". However, the Commission found that "the ABS resident population estimates have limitations when used for assessing housing demand.
2040:
problem. According to
Robertson, Federal Government policies that fuel demand for housing, such as the currently high levels of immigration, as well as capital gains tax discounts and subsidies to boost fertility, have had a greater impact on housing affordability than land release on urban fringes.
313:
The government also found that if it wanted immigrants, it had to subsidise migration. The great distance from Europe made
Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could
230:
arrived in 1790 bringing more convicts. The conditions of the transportation was described as horrific and worse than slave transports. Of the 1,026 convicts who embarked, 267 (256 men and 11 women) died during the voyage (26%); a further 486 were sick when they arrived of which 124 died soon after.
2406:
Aboriginal
Australians are descended from the same small group of people who left Africa about 70,000 years ago and colonised the rest of the world, a large genetic study shows. After arriving in Australia and New Guinea about 50,000 years ago, the settlers evolved in relative isolation, developing
2256:
to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration. In 2006, the Labor Party under Kim
Beazley took a stance against the importation of increasingly large numbers of temporary skilled migrant workers by employers, arguing that this
2185:
in
Australia by "battlers" because of the belief that immigrants will steal jobs. Gittins claims though that "it's true that immigrants add to the supply of labour. But it's equally true that, by consuming and bringing families who consume, they also add to the demand for labour – usually by more."
1393:
Refugee and humanitarian visa holders are also eligible to receive on-arrival settlement support through the
Humanitarian Settlement Services program, which provides intensive settlement-support and equips individuals with the skills and knowledge to independently access services beyond the initial
1389:
The
Australian Cultural Orientation program provides practical advice and the opportunity to ask questions about travel to and life in Australia to refugee and humanitarian visa holders who are preparing to settle in Australia. The program is delivered overseas over five days before the visa holder
1385:
The
Settlement Grants Program provides funding to assist humanitarian entrants and migrants settle in Australia and to participate equitably in Australian society as soon as possible after arrival. The program is targeted to deliver settlement services to humanitarian entrants, family migrants with
225:
comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers
2121:
stated that Australia is underpopulated due to a low birth rate, and that negative population growth will have adverse long-term effects on the economy as the population ages and the labour market becomes less competitive. To avoid this outcome the government increased immigration to fill gaps in
2090:
for recent university graduates of various degrees, including dentistry, computer science, architecture, psychology, and nursing. In 2014, a number of the professional associations for some of these fields criticised the immigration policy for skilled migrants, contending that these policies have
2189:
Robert Birrell has asserted that high immigration levels are being used by the Federal Government to stimulate aggregate economic growth, but that per capita growth is more important to Australians. Birrell concluded that high migration does not benefit existing residents, because it dilutes the
2264:
poll found that 49% of Australians say that ‘the total number of migrants coming to Australia each year is too high’, while a minority said it is ‘too low’ (13%), representing a 10-point rise in opposition to immigration since 2014. Furthermore, 67% say that 'overall, immigration has a positive
1397:
The Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme provides professional assistance, free of charge, to disadvantaged visa-applicants, to help with the completion and submission of visa applications, liaison with the department, and advice on complex immigration matters. It also provides
2023:
has been one of the main factors driving growth in domestic greenhouse gas emissions. It concluded that the average emissions per capita in the countries that immigrants come from is only 42 percent of average emissions in Australia, finding that as immigrants alter their lifestyle to that of
369:, the Governor-General proclaimed the cessation of immigration until further notice. The next group to arrive were 5,000 Jewish refugee families from Germany in 1938. Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test.
1378:, available to eligible migrants from the humanitarian, family and skilled-visa streams, provides free English-language courses for those who do not have functional English. Up to 510 hours of English language courses are provided during the first five years of settlement in Australia.
1964:, outlined six potential dilemmas associated with immigration-driven population growth. These included: the absolute numbers of aged residents continuing to rise despite high immigration off-setting ageing and declining birth-rates in a proportional sense; a worsening of Australia's
1381:
The Department of Home Affairs operates a 24-hour, seven-days-a-week telephone-based interpreting service called the Translating and Interpreting Service National, which facilitates contact between non-English speakers and interpreters, enabling access to government and community
2057:
Given the significant influx of foreigners coming to work or study in Australia in recent years, it seems highly likely that short-stay visitor movements may have added to the demand for housing. However, the Commissions are unaware of any research that quantifies the effects."
2186:
Overall, Gittins has written that the "economic case for rapid population growth though immigration is surprisingly weak," noting the diseconomies of scale, infrastructure costs and negative environmental impacts associated with continued immigration-driven population growth.
2190:
benefit that can accrue from the export of non-renewable resources which form a large part of the Australian economy. As well, Birrell argues that a slowdown in labour force growth would require employers to pay greater attention to training, wages and conditions of workers.
2024:
Australians, they increase global greenhouse gas emissions. The Institute calculated that each additional 70,000 immigrants will lead to additional emissions of 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gases by the end of the Kyoto target period (2012) and 30 million tonnes by 2020.
298:. This latter group was subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. With the federation of the Australian colonies into a single nation, one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Government was the
3874:
1227:- Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which acquire the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia.
2199:
about immigration as Australians over the age of 60 were. A follow-up report in 2019 found that 85% of Australians polled felt that multiculturalism had made a positive impact on Australia, but 40% admitted negative or very negative feelings towards Muslims.
2582:
4435:
2126:
to encourage families to have more children. However, opponents of population growth such as Sustainable Population Australia do not accept that population growth will decline and reverse, based on current immigration and fertility projections.
2014:
will lead to a deterioration of natural ecosystems through increased temperatures, extreme weather events and less rainfall in the southern part of the continent, thus reducing its capacity to sustain a large population even further. The
3326:
3907:
407:, believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia must "populate or perish". Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the
2265:
impact on the economy’, while 65% say that ‘immigrants strengthen the country because of their hard work and talents’, and 62% believe that ‘accepting immigrants from many different countries makes Australia stronger’.
5905:
3751:
2985:
1200:- The Australian Government actively encourages foreign students to study in Australia. There are a number of categories of a student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution.
1231:
Claims have been made that Australia's migration program is in conflict with anti age-discrimination legislation and there have been calls to remove or amend the age limit of 50 for general skilled migrants.
2586:
4427:
2091:
contributed to difficulties for local degree holders in obtaining full-time employment. In 2016, the Department of Health forecast a shortfall in nurses of approximately 85,000 by 2025 and 123,000 by 2030.
6051:
3264:
6016:
3974:
4338:
2963:
1206:- Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas, Child Visa and Partner visas.
3884:
3819:
2876:
4307:
134:
are the skilled migration and family re-union programs. A 2014 sociological study concluded that: "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration among western nations." In 2023,
127:, which in turn saw a shrinkage of the Australian population for the first time since World War I, though in the following period 2021–22 showed a very strong recovery of migrant arrivals.
6056:
5920:
26:
2393:
1216:
Employment and family visas can often lead to Australian citizenship; however, this requires the applicant to have lived in Australia for at least four years with at least one year as a
3238:
2648:
4642:
4495:
3689:
6066:
3899:
6026:
6011:
5983:
5940:
3769:
294:, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of British and Irish settlers, followed by smaller numbers of Germans, other Europeans, and
5950:
5479:
3941:
3356:
6046:
6006:
4127:
6041:
6021:
4612:
3796:
3493:
2481:
3755:
3467:
1354:
Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP) visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country
3096:
2977:
2810:
2456:
4200:
4068:
3537:
1949:
There are a range of views in the Australian community on the composition and level of immigration, and on the possible effects of varying the level of immigration and
4582:
4157:
247:
The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The
5915:
4465:
2964:
https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/what-we-do/migration-program-planning-levels#:~:text=In%20the%202024%E2%80%9325%20Migration,21%20and%202021%E2%80%9322%20respectively
4281:
3330:
2102:
allows immigration by professionals who end up competing with graduates of Australian universities for scarce positions. On the other hand, Australia's shortage of
6061:
5965:
2541:
3851:
3268:
1866:
had the largest population, and the largest foreign-born population, in Australia (1,544,023). Certain nationalities concentrated notably in this state: 74.5% of
6036:
5960:
3966:
5955:
5945:
5935:
5925:
4330:
3156:
2788:
3641:
6031:
5988:
5910:
4365:
2566:
2311:
4219:
3282:
1972:; overuse of agricultural soils; marine fisheries and domestic supplies of oil and gas; and a decline in urban air quality, river quality and biodiversity.
5496:
4090:
3829:
2052:, concluded: "Growth in immigration since the mid-1990s has been an important contributor to underlying demand, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne." The
1212:- This visa is a residence permit allowing travelers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement education.
4556:
4254:
3725:
3216:
2511:
2114:
Another element in the immigration debate is a concern to alleviate adverse impacts arising from Australia's ageing population. In the 1990s, the former
3667:
2036:
analyst Rory Robertson, assert that high immigration and the propensity of new arrivals to cluster in the capital cities is exacerbating the nation's
201:
3178:
2868:
1401:
In response to the needs of asylum seekers, the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme was established in 1992 to address Australia's obligations under the
4299:
2842:
3518:
3407:
1408:
A variety of community-based services cater to the needs of newly-arrived migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Some of these services, such as
5377:
2383:
1358:
The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the
3558:
3065:
3614:
3594:
2239:
population clock reached 25 million 33 years ahead of predictions, with 62% of the growth in the last ten years being a result of immigration.
3242:
5382:
4634:
4522:
4487:
3700:
2645:
1402:
1349:
142:
2002:
believe that as the driest inhabited continent, Australia cannot continue to sustain its current rate of population growth without becoming
5647:
4673:
2908:
2235:
speech that: "My instinct is to extend to as many people as possible the freedom and benefits of life in Australia". On 7 August 2018, the
22:
People born overseas as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census
4237:
4174:
4019:
3773:
310:, a left-wing Austrian journalist who could speak five languages, who was failed in a test in Scottish Gaelic and deported as illiterate.
138:
ranked Australia as the top country destination for individuals seeking to work and live a high-quality life based on global assessments.
68:, the policy was gradually relaxed, and was abolished entirely in 1973. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia.
3424:
1359:
634:
18:
3930:
3352:
2087:
4903:
4119:
2668:
4386:
5150:
3008:
2207:
Over the last decade, leaders of the major Federal political parties have demonstrated support for high level immigration (including
1961:
4604:
3788:
2473:
3999:
3489:
2076:
1855:
The separate Australian States show some differences in settlement patterns, as demonstrated in the statistics compiled during the
1056:
1051:
3463:
2930:
2611:
5877:
3088:
2919:
2897:
2337:
1749:
4234:
Addison, T. and Worswick, C. (2002). The impact of immigration on the earnings of natives: Evidence from Australian micro data.
3304:
2820:
1914:, with 528,827 overseas-born residents, had the highest proportion of foreign-born population. The state attracted 29.6% of all
6092:
5424:
5234:
5042:
4956:
2952:
2941:
2696:
2445:
2142:
71:
Between 1788 and the mid-20th century, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from Britain and Ireland (principally
3534:
3039:
1386:
low levels of English proficiency and dependants of skilled migrants in rural and regional areas with low English-proficiency.
265:
5320:
5160:
4196:
4060:
1969:
4578:
5436:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4779:
4154:
1422:
4457:
4278:
2419:
64:
for much of the 20th century, which forbade the entrance in Australia of people of non-European ethnic origins. Following
5823:
5767:
5662:
5168:
5002:
4916:
2069:
4747:
3593:(submission 12 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
2533:
5830:
4961:
4941:
4717:
4044:
3843:
3613:(submission 9 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth).
1370:
The Australian Government and the community provide a number of migration-assistance and settlement-support services:
684:
150:
2628:
6087:
5372:
5273:
5173:
5093:
5027:
3126:
2730:
2347:
2130:
There is debate over whether immigration can slow the ageing of Australia's population. In a research paper entitled
2098:
academics published a report which contended that Australia's immigration program is deeply flawed. The government's
408:
404:
378:
130:
Net overseas migration has increased from 30,042 in 1992–93 to 178,582 persons in 2015–16. The largest components of
92:
3148:
2778:
1892:, the second-most populous state, also had the second-largest number of overseas-born persons (1,161,984). 50.6% of
1819:
The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England and Scotland separately although they are both part of the
5100:
5037:
5022:
4261:
3630:
2253:
2007:
299:
166:
4362:
3286:
2563:
226:
and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. The
5541:
5340:
5330:
5266:
5007:
4981:
4849:
2321:
2236:
1441:
1431:
4094:
5627:
5526:
5246:
5224:
5130:
4936:
4896:
4548:
3729:
3353:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2020(b)(c)"
3327:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)"
3208:
2503:
1434:
in 2020. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.
387:
5777:
5694:
5570:
5419:
5412:
5283:
5229:
5032:
5012:
2342:
2327:
1375:
1217:
1183:
There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa:
1166:
423:
5762:
5556:
5293:
5256:
5135:
5125:
4997:
3663:
2060:
Some individuals and interest groups have also argued that immigration causes overburdened infrastructure.
3186:
2846:
2252:, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap" on immigration, by appearing "tough" on
1980:
5870:
5531:
5489:
5484:
5431:
5178:
5145:
5073:
1988:
799:
4216:
3515:
3404:
2909:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/visa-statistics/live/migration-program
5930:
5597:
5501:
5355:
5310:
5214:
4806:
4409:
2783:
2332:
184:
4875:
5717:
5674:
5622:
5521:
5367:
5335:
5251:
5241:
5209:
4889:
4727:
3565:
3061:
2388:
2182:
2053:
1593:
1542:
3610:
3590:
1427:
As of 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, had been born overseas.
5617:
5464:
5300:
5261:
5088:
2751:
2352:
1856:
1176:
227:
4518:
4175:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth - Productivity Commission Commissioned Study"
3405:
Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, Technology, Resources and Environment
231:
The fleet was more of a drain on the struggling settlement than of any benefit. Conditions on the
5782:
5657:
5637:
5612:
5592:
5345:
5315:
5140:
5017:
4946:
2306:
2164:
2045:
2016:
1937:
1875:
1409:
315:
248:
232:
176:
135:
91:
during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following World War II, Australia received a
39:
2474:"Australia's population shrinks for the first time since WWI as COVID turns off immigration tap"
5886:
5863:
5689:
5667:
5642:
5607:
5587:
5551:
5389:
5360:
5350:
5325:
5288:
5219:
5056:
4951:
4670:
4516:
Gittens, R. (20 August 2003). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from
4235:
4182:
4016:
2931:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-on-migration-program-2016-17.pdf
2115:
1999:
1915:
1644:
1576:
416:
303:
291:
108:
61:
35:
4827:
3435:
2920:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/2015-16-migration-programme-report.pdf
2898:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-programme-2013-14.pdf
2725:. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. 2–22.
2272:
has called for a national plebiscite asking voters if they think immigration is too high. The
1932:
had 695,525 overseas-born residents, and attracted the greatest proportion of persons born in
419:, people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme.
251:
was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by labourers and skilled migrants.
5752:
5684:
5582:
5536:
5399:
5305:
5192:
5078:
4789:
3635:
1893:
1746:
1627:
1106:
834:
283:
196:
4331:"It's the climate, not immigration, that keeps Australians awake at night | David Marr"
2953:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2018-19.pdf
2942:
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf
2672:
205:
Women in England mourning their loved ones who are to be transported to the penal colony at
115:, and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with
5816:
5787:
5709:
5546:
5516:
5452:
5407:
5120:
5115:
5083:
5068:
4924:
4382:
2316:
2003:
1889:
1729:
1678:
1661:
1559:
260:
236:
154:
96:
80:
3012:
2721:
Price, Charles (1987). "Chapter 1: Immigration and Ethnic Origin". In Wray Vamplew (ed.).
2422:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2005. Archived from
8:
5737:
5679:
5511:
5474:
5204:
2301:
2175:
1867:
1610:
1525:
1491:
1430:
The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the
1339:
941:
906:
901:
146:
84:
72:
3996:
3265:"Humanitarian Settlement Program | Department of Social Services, Australian Government"
5839:
5797:
5772:
5757:
5747:
5742:
5732:
5699:
5602:
5506:
5110:
5105:
2608:
2037:
1923:
1905:
1897:
1883:
1712:
1695:
1508:
1171:
427:
88:
5727:
5469:
4040:
3300:
2726:
2686:
2273:
2157:
2095:
2020:
1950:
1911:
1879:
1766:
1006:
124:
116:
76:
4488:"Australia's population hits 25 million, 33 years ahead of schedule - MacroBusiness"
5844:
5278:
4737:
3035:
2760:
2504:"Australia's population has shrunk. What is the ideal population for this country?"
2293:
2072:
of skilled occupations that are currently acceptable for immigration to Australia.
1965:
1933:
1901:
1871:
392:
366:
307:
295:
279:
180:
112:
4734:
The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins
4853:
4677:
4369:
4285:
4241:
4223:
4204:
4161:
4023:
4003:
3618:
3598:
3541:
3522:
3411:
2815:
2652:
2615:
2570:
1919:
1863:
382:
175:
of humans to the continent took place around 65,000 years ago via the islands of
172:
100:
57:
3752:"Dentists join the growing calls for cap on student uni places | The Australian"
5722:
3879:
3824:
2423:
2269:
2261:
2212:
2118:
2033:
2011:
1833:
1820:
1795:
1520:
936:
829:
679:
664:
659:
649:
644:
629:
412:
104:
50:
4847:
Australian State of Queensland skilled and business migration information site
2534:"Overseas Migration, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
6081:
3006:
2248:
2232:
2224:
2150:
1968:
due to more imports and higher consumption of domestic production; increased
1724:
1194:
set in place in 1996 which has now been abolished by the Turnbull government.
1041:
1036:
891:
734:
729:
286:
poster issued by the Overseas Settlement Office to attract immigrants (1928).
4859:
Australian State of Victoria official site for skilled and business migrants
3900:"Forecast oversupply of doctors to hit this year amid calls to halt imports"
2764:
2646:
A story of rupture and resilience: When did Australia's human history begin?
2156:
Robert Birrell, director of the Centre for Population and Urban Research at
4820:
3283:"Fact sheet - Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme (IAAAS)"
2243:
2146:
1992:
1588:
1021:
1016:
779:
749:
400:
214:
65:
53:
4814:
3118:
5855:
5792:
5652:
4579:"'We have a right to a say': Hanson continues population plebiscite push"
4300:"More people want immigration cuts in 2018, social cohesion report finds"
3875:"Accounting 'not cut' from immigration skilled occupations list for 2015"
2228:
2216:
2208:
2135:
1690:
1554:
1537:
991:
986:
956:
951:
864:
859:
849:
844:
784:
714:
709:
239:
in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.
222:
218:
131:
4858:
4605:"Pauline Hanson: Give Australians a vote on immigration - MacroBusiness"
3301:"Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 66. Humanitarian Settlement Services"
2746:
119:
being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. In 2019–20,
4801:
2220:
2123:
1929:
206:
43:
4846:
4912:
4881:
3591:
Submission to the Productivity Commission on Population and Migration
2691:
2629:"Decoding Global Talent 2024: Dream Destinations and Mobility Trends"
2103:
1984:
1841:
1803:
1741:
1639:
1459:
1121:
1116:
4774:
4714:
From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration
4635:"Pauline Hanson's immigration bill suffers massive defeat in Senate"
4197:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth (Position Paper)
3931:"Australia's Skilled Migration Program: Scarce Skills Not Required"
1656:
1622:
1344:
Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program:
1191:
1071:
1066:
3179:"Australia's response to the Syrian and Iraqi humanitarian crisis"
2661:
1707:
1571:
1486:
1091:
1086:
921:
916:
744:
49:
European colonisation began in 1788 with the establishment of a
3967:"Costello hatches census-time challenge: procreate and cherish"
3553:
3551:
3549:
1837:
1832:
In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,
1799:
1761:
1001:
886:
879:
794:
4700:
The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach
4383:"Lateline – 11/06/2008: Immigration intake to rise to 300,000"
4217:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth Key Points
4149:
4147:
4145:
3611:
Negative Economic Impacts of Immigration and Population Growth
4876:
Office of The Migration Agents Registration Authority (OMARA)
3089:"Chart of the day: Where do migrants to Australia come from?"
2609:
Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia.
1957:
1845:
1807:
1673:
1605:
1503:
1398:
migration advice to prospective visa-applicants and sponsors.
1101:
971:
966:
814:
809:
764:
759:
699:
694:
34:
The Australian continent was first settled when ancestors of
4871:
Department of Immigration and Border Protection of Australia
4870:
3546:
4142:
3697:
Department of Immigration and Border Protection (Australia)
1416:
3490:"High Population Policy Will Double Greenhouse Gas Growth"
4410:"Abbott urges more migration, compassion for boat people"
4372:, Background Briefing, Radio National Sunday 18 June 2006
4017:
Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives
3726:"Australian Graduate Survey - Graduate Careers Australia"
2132:
Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives
4091:"Part 2: Long-term demographic and economic projections"
1236:
New permanent migrants to Australia by region (2016–17)
4358:
4356:
2109:
2088:
some declines in full-time employment between 2012–2015
213:
European migration to Australia began with the British
3718:
3239:"What is the Australian Cultural Orientation program?"
3033:
603:
Foreign-born Australian residents by country of birth
4255:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth"
111:
in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of
4742:
Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds.
4353:
3789:"Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work"
2283:
1785:
Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
1365:
372:
4821:
NSW Migration Heritage Centre, Australia (archived)
4761:
Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
4037:
Population Ageing, Migration and Social Expenditure
3379:"2006 Census Data : View by Location Or Topic"
3007:Australian Government. Department of Home Affairs.
2975:
2420:"The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy"
2257:is simply a way for employers to drive down wages.
2169:
Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth
1962:
Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs
1412:, receive funding from the Commonwealth Government.
160:
83:), although there was significant immigration from
3434:. Sustainable Population Australia. Archived from
2978:"Population and migration statistics in Australia"
254:
4114:
4112:
4035:Alvarado, José; Creedy, John (9 September 2009).
2438:
30:Monthly arrivals of permanent settlers since 1976
6079:
4693:Ideology and Immigration: Australia 1976 to 1987
3464:"Population Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
2747:"Two Thousand Girls. AUSTRALASIA'S GAIN IN 1910"
4754:The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day
2658:, 17 November 2017, Retrieved 17 November 2017.
2312:Department of Immigration and Border Protection
2138:, the net migration rate was 160,000 per year.
1155:
107:than in previous decades. Since the end of the
4707:Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities
4109:
4034:
2407:unique genetic characteristics and technology.
2384:"Out of Africa – Aboriginal origins uncovered"
1886:Australian residents lived in New South Wales.
1348:Refugee-category visas for refugees under the
1175:"Life From A Suitcase" sculpture installed at
60:. Beginning in 1901, Australia maintained the
5871:
4897:
4288:, The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 December 2010
2202:
2027:
1403:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
1350:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
314:be controlled by varying the subsidy. Before
143:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
3938:The Australian Population Research Institute
3820:"Surfeit of vets prompts call to cap places"
1960:population study commissioned by the former
4759:Wells, Andrew, and Martinez, Theresa (ed.)
4458:"Australia's population will hit 25m today"
3664:"Immigration cut only temporary 16Mar 2009"
3034:Australian Visa Bureau (22 December 2011).
2375:
1918:Australian residents, and narrowly trailed
5885:
5878:
5864:
4904:
4890:
4815:Origins: Immigrant Communities in Victoria
4061:"Farewell, John. We will never forget you"
3149:"The Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)"
2843:"Fact sheet - Key facts about immigration"
2618:" Journal of Sociology 50.1 (2014): 10-22.
1840:and the Special Administrative Regions of
1802:and the Special Administrative Regions of
1794:The Australian Bureau of Statistics lists
426:largely displaced cultural selectivity in
99:, with many more immigrants arriving from
4817:– Immigration Museum, Victoria, Australia
3062:"How old is too old to become a migrant?"
149:. In recent years, Australia's policy of
4825:
4167:
3872:
2716:
2714:
2100:Medium to Long-Term Strategic Skill List
1979:
1417:Country of birth of Australian residents
1170:
386:
278:
264:
200:
25:
17:
4297:
3928:
3786:
3381:. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from
2687:"Australia's Early Immigration Schemes"
2338:Mental health and immigration detention
2276:voted the proposal down 54 votes to 2.
2167:launched a commissioned study entitled
1944:
1908:Australian residents lived in Victoria.
1333:
190:
6080:
4911:
4407:
4298:Medhora, Shalailah (4 December 2018).
4130:from the original on 24 September 2015
4009:
3989:
3844:"Construction & Architecture News"
2324:, a hoax regarding benefits comparison
5859:
4885:
4756:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
4546:
4542:
4540:
4120:"Back-scratching at a national level"
3897:
3873:Berkovic, Nicola (12 November 2014).
3854:from the original on 28 December 2019
3458:
3456:
3397:
3086:
2720:
2711:
2544:from the original on 25 December 2022
2381:
2181:Gittins claims there is considerable
1439:
242:
4780:Museum of Chinese Australian History
4525:from the original on 21 January 2017
4389:from the original on 5 December 2009
4328:
4310:from the original on 8 November 2020
4164:, Policy, Vol. 26 No. 1, Autumn 2010
3817:
3527:
3319:
3307:from the original on 3 November 2012
3129:from the original on 21 January 2017
2446:"2018 – 19 Migration Program Report"
2396:from the original on 6 November 2012
2110:Economic growth and aging population
1922:in having the largest population of
1423:Foreign-born population of Australia
1179:dedicated to immigrants in Australia
1160:
4510:
4408:Hudson, Phillip (23 January 2010).
4279:Beware gurus selling high migration
4209:
4189:
3977:from the original on 2 January 2017
3910:from the original on 27 August 2017
3644:from the original on 4 January 2021
3603:
3583:
3414:, CSIRO Resource Futures, Canberra.
3355:. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
3329:. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
3159:from the original on 3 January 2017
3042:from the original on 1 January 2012
2976:Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra.
2575:
2048:in its 2004 Inquiry Report No. 28,
327:Annual average assisted immigrants
269:Migrants disembarking from a ship,
157:by boat has attracted controversy.
13:
4744:Australia's Immigration Revolution
4685:
4537:
4228:
3947:from the original on 15 March 2018
3762:
3670:from the original on 5 August 2009
3535:PM told he's wrong on house prices
3508:
3496:from the original on 8 August 2020
3470:from the original on 8 August 2020
3453:
3099:from the original on 11 April 2020
2988:from the original on 3 August 2020
2723:Australians: Historical Statistics
2556:
2514:from the original on 12 April 2021
2484:from the original on 13 April 2021
2462:from the original on 6 April 2023.
2193:
14:
6104:
4864:
4826:Richards, Eric (12 August 2015).
4645:from the original on 23 July 2020
4615:from the original on 2 April 2020
4585:from the original on 2 April 2020
4498:from the original on 2 April 2020
4468:from the original on 2 April 2020
4438:from the original on 8 April 2022
4093:. Treasury.gov.au. Archived from
4071:from the original on 3 March 2016
3403:Foran, B., and F. Poldy, (2002),
3359:from the original on 16 July 2022
3219:from the original on 27 June 2018
3068:from the original on 9 March 2021
2879:from the original on 13 June 2018
2791:from the original on 2 April 2020
2699:from the original on 2 April 2020
2562:Australian Bureau of Statistics,
2348:Post war immigration to Australia
1366:Migration and settlement services
1273:North Africa and the Middle East
411:, colloquially becoming known as
409:Assisted Passage Migration Scheme
379:Post-war immigration to Australia
373:Post-war immigration to Australia
4559:from the original on 8 July 2020
4349:– via www.theguardian.com.
4329:Marr, David (25 November 2019).
4015:McDonald, P., Kippen, R. (1999)
3799:from the original on 19 May 2019
3425:"Baby Bonus Bad for Environment"
3333:from the original on 2 July 2021
2286:
2122:labour markets and introduced a
2032:A number of economists, such as
2008:Sustainable Population Australia
1760:
1740:
1723:
1706:
1689:
1672:
1655:
1638:
1621:
1604:
1587:
1570:
1553:
1536:
1519:
1502:
1485:
1115:
1100:
1085:
1065:
1050:
1035:
1015:
1000:
985:
965:
950:
935:
915:
900:
885:
878:
858:
843:
828:
808:
793:
778:
758:
743:
728:
708:
693:
678:
658:
643:
628:
300:Immigration Restriction Act 1901
167:Immigration history of Australia
161:Immigration history of Australia
141:Australia is a signatory to the
4627:
4597:
4571:
4519:"Honest John's migrant twostep"
4480:
4450:
4420:
4401:
4375:
4341:from the original on 3 May 2020
4322:
4291:
4271:
4247:
4083:
4067:. Melbourne. 25 November 2007.
4053:
4028:
3995:Goldie, J. (23 February 2006)
3959:
3922:
3891:
3866:
3836:
3818:Hare, Julie (22 January 2014).
3811:
3780:
3744:
3699:. 31 March 2013. Archived from
3682:
3656:
3623:
3482:
3417:
3371:
3345:
3293:
3275:
3257:
3231:
3201:
3171:
3141:
3111:
3080:
3054:
3027:
3000:
2969:
2957:
2946:
2935:
2924:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2869:"Australia's Migration Program"
2861:
2835:
2803:
2771:
2739:
2679:
2639:
2621:
2322:Immigrant benefits urban legend
2237:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2019:has concluded that Australia's
1826:
1813:
1788:
1779:
1442:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1432:Australian Bureau of Statistics
255:Gold rush and population growth
5906:Federated States of Micronesia
3997:"Time to stop all this growth"
3898:Patty, Anna (8 January 2017).
3559:"Microsoft Word - prelims.doc"
3087:Liddy, Matt (20 August 2018).
2601:
2526:
2496:
2466:
2412:
1975:
1452:Estimated resident population
1:
6093:Maritime history of Australia
3929:Birrell, Bob (8 March 2016).
3787:Stewart, John (24 May 2014).
3666:. Abc.net.au. 16 March 2009.
2819:. 10 May 2009. Archived from
2363:
2343:Multiculturalism in Australia
2328:Immigrant health in Australia
2063:
1376:Adult Migrant English Program
1321:Supplementary and Not Stated
1167:Australian permanent resident
403:Australia launched a massive
270:
4385:. Abc.net.au. 11 June 2008.
3638:. Department of Home Affairs
3533:Wade, M. (9 September 2006)
3492:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011.
3466:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011.
3209:"Department of Home Affairs"
3064:. SBS News. 26 August 2013.
2368:
2149:, an economics columnist at
1313:Southern and Eastern Europe
1156:Current immigration programs
38:arrived via the islands of
7:
4668:Commonwealth of Australia.
4155:The Risks of High Migration
4006:(Retrieved 30 October 2006)
2875:. Parliament of Australia.
2759:(48): 70–73. 1 April 1911.
2583:"Australian Bureau of noms"
2382:Smith, Debra (9 May 2007).
2279:
1989:International Space Station
1360:conflicts in Syria and Iraq
597:
10:
6109:
4841:State immigration websites
4807:Migration Museum, Adelaide
4790:"Immigrants and Emigrants"
4661:
4549:"Immigration and refugees"
3631:"Skilled Occupations List"
2784:ABC Television (Australia)
2453:Department of Home Affairs
2333:Immigration to New Zealand
2203:Politics and public debate
2084:Graduate Careers Australia
2028:Housing and infrastructure
1420:
1390:begins his or her journey.
1337:
1249:Southern and Central Asia
1164:
376:
258:
194:
185:history of human migration
164:
123:came to a halt during the
5997:
5974:
5893:
5810:
5708:
5578:
5569:
5460:
5451:
5398:
5274:Intelligence and security
5200:
5191:
5159:
5064:
5055:
4990:
4932:
4923:
4878:(archived 17 August 2018)
4240:29 September 2015 at the
4215:Productivity Commission,
4195:Productivity Commission,
4124:The Sydney Morning Herald
3971:The Sydney Morning Herald
3904:The Sydney Morning Herald
3848:Architecture & Design
3617:27 September 2007 at the
3597:27 September 2007 at the
3514:Klan, A. (17 March 2007)
3119:"Offshore - Resettlement"
2389:The Sydney Morning Herald
2227:'; and Opposition Leader
2183:opposition to immigration
2054:Reserve Bank of Australia
1758:
1738:
1721:
1704:
1687:
1670:
1653:
1636:
1619:
1602:
1585:
1568:
1551:
1534:
1517:
1500:
1483:
1471:
1456:
1451:
1448:
618:
615:
612:
302:, otherwise known as the
93:large wave of immigration
6088:Immigration to Australia
6052:Northern Mariana Islands
4724:The English in Australia
4705:Foster, William, et al.
4609:www.macrobusiness.com.au
4553:Lowy Institute Poll 2019
4492:www.macrobusiness.com.au
4002:25 February 2021 at the
3690:"Net overseas migration"
2669:"Map of Human Migration"
2358:
2353:Visa policy of Australia
2106:is not being addressed.
1970:greenhouse gas emissions
1410:Migrant Resource Centres
1188:Skilled Occupation visas
221:on 26 January 1788. The
121:immigration to Australia
6017:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5887:Immigration to Oceania
4748:Excerpt and text search
4728:Excerpt and text search
4718:Excerpt and text search
3540:19 October 2017 at the
3521:22 October 2008 at the
3410:5 November 2010 at the
2564:International migration
2307:Demography of Australia
2165:Productivity Commission
2077:global financial crisis
2075:In 2009, following the
2046:Productivity Commission
2000:environmental movements
1289:Oceania and Antarctica
249:South Australia Company
177:Maritime Southeast Asia
145:and has resettled many
46:over 50,000 years ago.
40:Maritime Southeast Asia
5668:Indigenous Australians
5169:States and territories
4852:8 October 2017 at the
4363:"Workers of the World"
4222:19 August 2006 at the
4160:10 August 2014 at the
4022:18 August 2011 at the
2068:Australia maintains a
1995:
1848:are listed separately.
1180:
417:White Australia Policy
396:
365:With the onset of the
304:White Australia policy
287:
276:
210:
109:White Australia policy
62:White Australia policy
36:Indigenous Australians
31:
23:
6000:and other territories
4962:Territorial evolution
4244:, Vol. 78, pp. 68–78.
4185:on 27 September 2007.
3940:. Monash University.
3770:"Optometry Australia"
3636:Australian Government
2651:13 April 2020 at the
2569:13 April 2020 at the
2143:Commonwealth Treasury
2038:housing affordability
1983:
1926:Australian residents.
1174:
395:arrived in Australia.
390:
284:Australian Government
282:
268:
204:
197:Convicts in Australia
183:as part of the early
155:unauthorised arrivals
29:
21:
5408:Cabinet of Australia
5383:Government ministers
5151:World Heritage Sites
4957:European exploration
4752:O'Farrell, Patrick.
4738:Excerpt about Sydney
4676:24 June 2022 at the
4432:www.heraldsun.com.au
4428:"Abbott's open door"
4284:18 June 2014 at the
4203:25 June 2006 at the
3640:. 10 December 2020.
3289:on 11 February 2018.
3213:www.directory.gov.au
2849:on 12 September 2015
2614:23 June 2016 at the
2540:. 16 December 2022.
2317:Europeans in Oceania
2104:skilled tradespeople
2050:First Home Ownership
1945:Impacts and concerns
1334:Humanitarian program
1210:Working holiday visa
439:Migration programme
261:Australian gold rush
237:penal transportation
191:Penal transportation
5480:Gross state product
4434:. 22 January 2010.
4267:on 29 October 2012.
3887:on 18 January 2015.
3832:on 25 January 2017.
3706:on 26 November 2015
2787:. 1 November 2007.
2675:on 14 January 2013.
2426:on 19 February 2006
2302:Asylum in Australia
2254:illegal immigration
2242:In 2003, economist
2176:regression analysis
2017:Australia Institute
1340:Asylum in Australia
1297:Sub-Saharan Africa
1244:Number of migrants
1237:
604:
405:immigration program
151:mandatory detention
5798:Australian studies
5733:Australian English
5542:Telecommunications
5378:Government leaders
5321:Political ideology
4802:"Migration Museum"
4691:Betts, Katharine.
4671:Migration Act 1958
4521:. 20 August 2003.
4368:9 May 2010 at the
3015:on 23 January 2018
2823:on 17 January 2010
2231:stating in a 2010
2086:, there have been
2010:(SPA) argues that
1996:
1987:at night from the
1473:Total foreign-born
1394:settlement period.
1281:North-West Europe
1235:
1218:permanent resident
1181:
602:
428:immigration policy
397:
316:Federation in 1901
288:
277:
243:Bounty Immigration
215:convict settlement
211:
32:
24:
6075:
6074:
6067:Wallis and Futuna
5975:Associated states
5853:
5852:
5806:
5805:
5628:Human trafficking
5565:
5564:
5447:
5446:
5247:Foreign relations
5187:
5186:
5051:
5050:
4998:Asian Australians
4836:(South Australia)
4768:Migration history
4611:. 7 August 2018.
4547:Institute, Lowy.
4494:. 6 August 2018.
4464:. 7 August 2018.
3732:on 27 August 2017
3432:population.org.au
3271:on 23 March 2018.
3183:www.border.gov.au
3153:www.border.gov.au
3123:www.border.gov.au
3036:"Australia visas"
2607:Markus, Andrew. "
2510:. 25 March 2021.
2480:. 24 March 2021.
2274:Australian Senate
2246:, a columnist at
2163:In July 2005 the
2158:Monash University
2141:According to the
2116:Federal Treasurer
2096:Monash University
2021:population growth
1951:population growth
1912:Western Australia
1876:South Korean-born
1775:
1774:
1328:
1327:
1161:Migration program
1153:
1152:
942:South Sea Islands
595:
594:
363:
362:
125:COVID-19 pandemic
6100:
6057:Pitcairn Islands
6027:French Polynesia
6012:Christmas Island
5941:Papua New Guinea
5921:Marshall Islands
5894:Sovereign states
5880:
5873:
5866:
5857:
5856:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5695:Waste management
5576:
5575:
5497:Household income
5458:
5457:
5420:Governor-General
5230:Electoral system
5198:
5197:
5062:
5061:
4930:
4929:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4835:
4811:
4797:
4794:Culture Victoria
4784:
4775:"Chinese Museum"
4763:(ABC-CLIO, 2004)
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4641:. 29 July 2019.
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4544:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4462:www.9news.com.au
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4379:
4373:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4295:
4289:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4260:. Archived from
4259:
4251:
4245:
4232:
4226:
4213:
4207:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4181:. Archived from
4171:
4165:
4151:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4126:. 13 June 2007.
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4039:. Edward Elgar.
4032:
4026:
4013:
4007:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3973:. 25 July 2006.
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3935:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3883:. Archived from
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3828:. Archived from
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3776:on 20 July 2014.
3772:. Archived from
3766:
3760:
3759:
3758:on 2 April 2014.
3754:. Archived from
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3728:. Archived from
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3627:
3621:
3609:Nilsson (2005)
3607:
3601:
3589:Claus, E (2005)
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3564:. Archived from
3563:
3555:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:on 24 March 2012
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3285:. Archived from
3279:
3273:
3272:
3267:. Archived from
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3241:. Archived from
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3189:on 21 March 2017
3185:. Archived from
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3011:. Archived from
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2845:. Archived from
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2811:"Ten Pound Poms"
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2779:"Ten Pound Poms"
2775:
2769:
2768:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2671:. Archived from
2665:
2659:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2635:. 22 April 2024.
2625:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2585:. Archived from
2579:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2455:. 30 June 2019.
2450:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2379:
2296:
2294:Australia portal
2291:
2290:
2289:
1934:Papua New Guinea
1916:Singaporean-born
1849:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1765:
1764:
1745:
1744:
1728:
1727:
1711:
1710:
1694:
1693:
1677:
1676:
1660:
1659:
1643:
1642:
1626:
1625:
1609:
1608:
1592:
1591:
1575:
1574:
1558:
1557:
1541:
1540:
1524:
1523:
1507:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1437:
1436:
1265:South-East Asia
1257:North-East Asia
1238:
1234:
1120:
1119:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1089:
1070:
1069:
1055:
1054:
1040:
1039:
1020:
1019:
1005:
1004:
990:
989:
970:
969:
955:
954:
940:
939:
920:
919:
905:
904:
890:
889:
883:
882:
863:
862:
848:
847:
833:
832:
813:
812:
798:
797:
783:
782:
763:
762:
748:
747:
733:
732:
713:
712:
698:
697:
683:
682:
663:
662:
648:
647:
633:
632:
605:
601:
433:
432:
424:multiculturalism
391:In 1954, 50,000
367:Great Depression
321:
320:
308:Egon Erwin Kisch
275:
272:
181:Papua New Guinea
113:multiculturalism
6108:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6071:
5999:
5993:
5976:
5970:
5951:Solomon Islands
5889:
5884:
5854:
5849:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5802:
5763:Public holidays
5704:
5648:Life expectancy
5561:
5443:
5394:
5183:
5155:
5141:Protected areas
5047:
4986:
4919:
4910:
4867:
4854:Wayback Machine
4800:
4788:
4773:
4688:
4686:Further reading
4683:
4678:Wayback Machine
4664:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4545:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4370:Wayback Machine
4361:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4296:
4292:
4286:Wayback Machine
4276:
4272:
4264:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4242:Wayback Machine
4233:
4229:
4224:Wayback Machine
4214:
4210:
4205:Wayback Machine
4194:
4190:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4162:Wayback Machine
4152:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4033:
4029:
4024:Wayback Machine
4014:
4010:
4004:Wayback Machine
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3933:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3892:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3781:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3619:Wayback Machine
3608:
3604:
3599:Wayback Machine
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3547:
3542:Wayback Machine
3532:
3528:
3523:Wayback Machine
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3441:on 27 June 2008
3438:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3412:Wayback Machine
3402:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3245:on 1 April 2018
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3215:. 25 May 2017.
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2816:Museum Victoria
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2719:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2653:Wayback Machine
2644:
2640:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2616:Wayback Machine
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2571:Wayback Machine
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2205:
2196:
2194:Social cohesion
2112:
2066:
2030:
1978:
1947:
1936:(52.4%) and in
1920:New South Wales
1894:Sri Lankan-born
1882:, and 59.4% of
1864:New South Wales
1853:
1852:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1759:
1739:
1722:
1705:
1688:
1671:
1654:
1637:
1620:
1603:
1586:
1569:
1552:
1535:
1518:
1501:
1484:
1460:Australian-born
1449:Place of birth
1425:
1419:
1368:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1114:
1099:
1084:
1064:
1049:
1034:
1014:
999:
984:
964:
949:
934:
914:
899:
884:
877:
857:
842:
827:
807:
792:
777:
757:
742:
727:
707:
692:
677:
657:
642:
627:
600:
385:
383:New Australians
377:Main articles:
375:
273:
263:
257:
245:
199:
193:
187:out of Africa.
169:
163:
58:New South Wales
12:
11:
5:
6106:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Norfolk Island
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6007:American Samoa
6003:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5978:
5977:of New Zealand
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5883:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5860:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5835:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5557:Welfare system
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5532:Superannuation
5529:
5527:Stock exchange
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5490:Public housing
5485:Home ownership
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5432:Prime Minister
5429:
5428:
5427:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5404:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5390:Shadow Cabinet
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5368:Public Service
5365:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5249:
5244:
5242:Federal budget
5239:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5074:Climate change
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Constitutional
5000:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4909:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4873:
4866:
4865:External links
4863:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4832:SA History Hub
4823:
4818:
4812:
4798:
4786:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4740:
4730:
4720:
4710:
4703:
4698:Burnley, I.H.
4696:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4626:
4596:
4570:
4536:
4509:
4479:
4449:
4419:
4414:The Advertiser
4400:
4374:
4352:
4321:
4290:
4270:
4246:
4227:
4208:
4188:
4166:
4141:
4108:
4097:on 2 June 2011
4082:
4052:
4046:978-1858987248
4045:
4027:
4008:
3988:
3958:
3921:
3890:
3880:The Australian
3865:
3835:
3825:The Australian
3810:
3779:
3761:
3743:
3717:
3681:
3655:
3622:
3602:
3582:
3571:on 3 June 2011
3545:
3526:
3507:
3481:
3452:
3416:
3396:
3370:
3344:
3318:
3292:
3274:
3256:
3230:
3200:
3170:
3140:
3110:
3079:
3053:
3026:
3009:"Visa listing"
2999:
2982:www.aph.gov.au
2968:
2956:
2945:
2934:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2873:www.aph.gov.au
2860:
2834:
2802:
2770:
2738:
2731:
2710:
2678:
2660:
2638:
2620:
2600:
2589:on 7 July 2018
2574:
2555:
2538:www.abs.gov.au
2525:
2495:
2465:
2437:
2411:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2281:
2278:
2270:Pauline Hanson
2262:Lowy Institute
2223:advocating a '
2213:Peter Costello
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2119:Peter Costello
2111:
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2034:Macquarie Bank
2029:
2026:
2012:climate change
1991:, showing its
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1834:Mainland China
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413:Ten Pound Poms
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147:asylum seekers
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4732:Jupp, James.
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2752:The Lone Hand
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2233:Australia Day
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2082:According to
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2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:overpopulated
2001:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:trade balance
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:and 41.6% of
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:Lebanese-born
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1847:
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1835:
1829:
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1816:
1809:
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1770:
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1730:United States
1726:
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1042:United States
1038:
1033:
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735:German Empire
731:
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5998:Dependencies
5984:Cook Islands
5900:
5831:Bibliography
5718:Architecture
5675:Prostitution
5658:Demographics
5632:
5623:Homelessness
5522:Reserve Bank
5336:Conservatism
5284:Constitution
5252:Human rights
5210:Constitution
5161:Subdivisions
4942:Bibliography
4831:
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4335:The Guardian
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4277:Gittins, R.
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2387:
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2259:
2247:
2244:Ross Gittins
2241:
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2147:Ross Gittins
2140:
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2113:
2099:
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2067:
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2043:
2031:
1997:
1993:urban sprawl
1955:
1948:
1924:British-born
1906:Italian-born
1898:Turkish-born
1884:Chinese-born
1854:
1828:
1815:
1790:
1781:
1594:South Africa
1477:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1429:
1426:
1369:
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1224:
1215:
1209:
1204:Family visas
1203:
1197:
1187:
1182:
1022:South Africa
608:
421:
401:World War II
398:
364:
312:
289:
246:
228:Second Fleet
212:
170:
140:
129:
120:
95:from across
70:
66:World War II
54:penal colony
48:
33:
15:
5931:New Zealand
5793:Anglosphere
5633:Immigration
5598:Citizenship
5465:Agriculture
5351:Nationalism
5294:Enforcement
5267:Transgender
5101:Earthquakes
5089:Environment
5023:Immigration
4952:Archaeology
4828:"Migration"
4785:(Melbourne)
4442:28 December
4134:20 February
4075:27 November
3981:20 February
3858:28 December
3803:28 December
3736:18 December
3710:28 December
3046:22 December
2548:25 December
2260:In 2019, a
2229:Tony Abbott
2217:Kim Beazley
2209:John Howard
2136:John Howard
1976:Environment
1956:In 2002, a
1938:New Zealand
1900:, 49.4% of
1896:, 50.1% of
1880:Fijian-born
1878:, 59.4% of
1874:, 63.0% of
1870:, 63.1% of
1857:2006 Census
1810:separately.
1696:South Korea
1560:Philippines
1543:New Zealand
992:British Raj
957:New Zealand
865:Philippines
850:Netherlands
835:New Zealand
715:New Zealand
274: 1885
233:Third Fleet
223:First Fleet
219:Sydney Cove
132:immigration
6082:Categories
5783:Television
5753:Literature
5638:Irreligion
5618:Healthcare
5613:Euthanasia
5593:Censorship
5400:Government
5346:Liberalism
5316:Parliament
5028:Indigenous
5018:Federation
5008:Diplomatic
4982:Since 1945
4947:Prehistory
3516:Locked out
3311:23 October
3019:23 January
2765:Q118696098
2633:BCG Global
2364:References
2221:Kevin Rudd
2064:Employment
1930:Queensland
1902:Greek-born
1872:Iraqi-born
1466:18,043,310
1165:See also:
1149:2 542 443
1057:Yugoslavia
669:1 087 756
207:Botany Bay
171:The first
44:New Guinea
5901:Australia
5690:Squatting
5643:Languages
5608:Education
5588:Aged care
5552:Transport
5361:Socialism
5341:Far-right
5331:Christian
5326:Anarchism
5289:Judiciary
5225:Donations
5220:Elections
5131:Mountains
5079:Continent
5057:Geography
4977:1901–1945
4972:1851–1900
4967:1788–1850
4913:Australia
3914:8 January
3648:4 January
3193:2 January
3163:2 January
3133:2 January
2692:Angelfire
2369:Citations
2094:In 2016,
1985:Melbourne
1842:Hong Kong
1804:Hong Kong
1747:Hong Kong
1645:Sri Lanka
1478:7,653,990
1382:services.
1305:Americas
1122:Sri Lanka
588:2023-2024
580:2018-2019
572:2017-2018
564:2016-2017
556:2015-2016
492:2004–2005
484:2003–2004
422:In 1973,
356:1941–1980
348:1901–1940
340:1861–1900
332:1831–1860
173:migration
5916:Kiribati
5840:Category
5685:Religion
5583:Abortion
5537:Taxation
5306:Monarchy
5301:Military
5257:Intersex
5193:Politics
5174:Capitals
5038:Monarchy
5033:Military
5013:Economic
4991:By topic
4937:Timeline
4917:articles
4850:Archived
4674:Archived
4643:Archived
4619:8 August
4613:Archived
4589:8 August
4583:Archived
4557:Archived
4523:Archived
4502:8 August
4496:Archived
4472:8 August
4466:Archived
4436:Archived
4387:Archived
4366:Archived
4339:Archived
4308:Archived
4304:triple j
4282:Archived
4238:Archived
4220:Archived
4201:Archived
4199:, p. 73
4158:Archived
4128:Archived
4069:Archived
4020:Archived
4000:Archived
3975:Archived
3951:14 March
3942:Archived
3908:Archived
3852:Archived
3797:Archived
3793:ABC News
3668:Archived
3642:Archived
3615:Archived
3595:Archived
3538:Archived
3519:Archived
3494:Archived
3468:Archived
3408:Archived
3363:24 April
3357:Archived
3331:Archived
3305:Archived
3217:Archived
3157:Archived
3127:Archived
3097:Archived
3093:ABC News
3072:27 April
3066:Archived
3040:Archived
2986:Archived
2877:Archived
2853:18 April
2789:Archived
2761:Wikidata
2697:Archived
2656:ABC News
2649:Archived
2612:Archived
2593:21 April
2567:Archived
2542:Archived
2518:14 April
2512:Archived
2488:14 April
2482:Archived
2457:Archived
2394:Archived
2280:See also
2268:Senator
1940:(38.2%).
1890:Victoria
1771:103,710
1754:104,760
1734:110,160
1717:111,030
1700:111,530
1683:131,830
1666:132,590
1662:Scotland
1649:146,950
1632:177,460
1628:Malaysia
1615:177,840
1598:200,240
1581:270,340
1564:310,050
1547:564,840
1530:650,640
1513:721,050
1496:980,360
1440:Source:
1192:457 visa
1143:215 589
1126:109 850
1076:138 363
1072:Malaysia
1026:162 450
976:174 042
926:219 351
869:232 391
819:455 385
769:509 558
719:518 462
704:119 897
689:184 085
654:616 532
639:495 504
598:Overview
591:190,000
583:190,000
575:190,000
567:190,000
559:190,000
551:190,000
543:190,000
535:185,000
527:171,318
519:158,630
511:148,200
503:142,933
495:120,060
487:114,360
479:108,070
101:Southern
81:Scotland
6062:Tokelau
5966:Vanuatu
5817:Outline
5788:Theatre
5778:Symbols
5743:Cuisine
5710:Culture
5571:Society
5547:Tourism
5517:Poverty
5453:Economy
5235:Parties
5136:Regions
5126:Islands
5121:Geology
5116:Forests
5084:Deserts
5069:Climate
5043:Railway
4925:History
4746:(2010)
4736:(2002)
4726:(2004)
4716:(2007)
4662:Sources
4649:23 July
4563:23 July
4529:19 June
4393:14 July
4101:14 July
4065:The Age
3674:14 July
3575:14 July
3500:14 July
3474:14 July
3389:14 July
3249:1 April
3223:27 June
3103:22 July
2992:22 July
2883:13 June
2827:14 June
2795:14 June
2124:subsidy
1713:Germany
1577:Vietnam
1492:England
1444:(2020)
1300:11,369
1292:16,445
1284:25,174
1276:28,525
1268:31,488
1260:37,235
1252:58,232
1241:Region
1177:Pyrmont
1137:47 463
1111:19 988
1092:Denmark
1061:22 856
1011:25 862
961:43 350
922:Vietnam
911:47 673
907:Ireland
854:52 035
839:25 788
804:56 594
789:29 907
754:65 422
750:Germany
739:38 352
685:Ireland
476:2002–03
471:85 000
468:2001–02
463:76 000
460:2000–01
455:70 000
452:1999–00
447:68 000
444:1998–99
359:52,960
351:10,662
343:10,087
335:18,268
296:Chinese
89:Germany
77:Ireland
73:England
51:British
6037:Hawaii
5961:Tuvalu
5845:Portal
5738:Cinema
5680:Racism
5653:People
5512:Mining
5475:Energy
5470:Dollar
5215:Courts
5205:Asylum
5179:Cities
5146:Rivers
5094:issues
4915:
4709:(1998)
4702:(2001)
4695:(1997)
4043:
3445:20 May
2763:
2729:
2400:5 June
2174:Using
2006:. The
1838:Taiwan
1800:Taiwan
1767:Greece
1458:Total
1316:7,306
1308:9,687
1146:Other
1140:Other
1134:Other
1096:6 281
1046:7 448
1007:Greece
996:7 637
946:9 128
896:9 863
800:Poland
436:Period
399:After
324:Period
209:, 1792
97:Europe
5956:Tonga
5946:Samoa
5936:Palau
5926:Nauru
5824:Index
5773:Sport
5768:Radio
5758:Music
5748:Dance
5700:Women
5603:Crime
5507:Media
5373:Women
5111:Fauna
5106:Flora
4345:4 May
4314:4 May
4265:(PDF)
4258:(PDF)
3945:(PDF)
3934:(PDF)
3704:(PDF)
3693:(PDF)
3569:(PDF)
3562:(PDF)
3439:(PDF)
3428:(PDF)
3337:4 May
2460:(PDF)
2449:(PDF)
2359:Notes
1998:Some
1958:CSIRO
1846:Macau
1808:Macau
1679:Nepal
1611:Italy
1509:India
1107:Malta
972:Italy
815:India
785:China
765:China
700:Italy
619:2016
616:1954
613:1901
85:China
6032:Guam
5989:Niue
5911:Fiji
5728:Arts
5437:list
5425:list
5413:list
5262:LGBT
4651:2020
4621:2018
4591:2018
4565:2020
4531:2006
4504:2018
4474:2018
4444:2019
4395:2011
4347:2020
4316:2020
4136:2020
4103:2011
4077:2007
4041:ISBN
3983:2020
3953:2018
3916:2017
3860:2019
3805:2019
3738:2014
3712:2019
3676:2011
3650:2021
3577:2011
3502:2011
3476:2011
3447:2015
3391:2011
3365:2021
3339:2020
3313:2012
3251:2018
3225:2018
3195:2017
3165:2017
3135:2017
3105:2020
3074:2020
3048:2011
3021:2018
2994:2020
2885:2018
2855:2017
2829:2009
2797:2009
2727:ISBN
2705:2018
2595:2017
2550:2022
2520:2021
2490:2021
2432:2007
2402:2008
2215:and
2070:list
2044:The
1844:and
1806:and
1374:The
1324:492
1081:10.
548:2013
540:2012
532:2011
524:2008
516:2007
508:2006
500:2005
381:and
290:The
179:and
117:Asia
103:and
87:and
79:and
42:and
5723:Art
5279:Law
2508:ABC
2478:ABC
1750:SAR
1031:9.
981:8.
931:7.
874:6.
824:5.
774:4.
724:3.
674:2.
624:1.
217:of
153:of
136:BCG
56:in
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